0:00:22 > 0:00:26- He's Dr Chris.- He's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29- Yes, he's still got his beard. - And we're still identical twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Your body's amazing. And we're going to show you why.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38We're head to head in Operation Takeover...
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Man overboard!
0:00:40 > 0:00:43Ouch and About hits the wards...
0:00:43 > 0:00:44What kind of ambulance did you get?
0:00:44 > 0:00:47I didn't get an ambulance. I got an helicopter.
0:00:47 > 0:00:49There are more first-aid tips...
0:00:49 > 0:00:50We do need to get Xand to hospital.
0:00:50 > 0:00:52..meet our new brilliant Ouch! patients.
0:00:52 > 0:00:55Hello.
0:00:55 > 0:00:57And our lab experiments will...
0:00:57 > 0:00:58..blow...
0:00:58 > 0:01:00..your...
0:01:00 > 0:01:01..mind!
0:01:01 > 0:01:03That is an amazing view.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Are you ready to join us?
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Well, it's lucky I was wearing my swimming trunks today.
0:01:09 > 0:01:12- Coming up today on...- Super Xand!
0:01:12 > 0:01:14..Operation Ouch!.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18We're in for the chop...
0:01:18 > 0:01:20As they say, it'll always grow back.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22Things get snappy...
0:01:22 > 0:01:24Looking at it, I think you've broken the bones.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26And we get a bum deal.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29Oi, brain, I need the toilet!
0:01:29 > 0:01:30But first...
0:01:30 > 0:01:32..Chris, Chris.
0:01:32 > 0:01:35Apparently there's a new case in the emergency department.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38That's all right, Xand, the medical team there have got it covered.
0:01:38 > 0:01:42- Oh! Well, phew!- Phew.
0:01:44 > 0:01:48Over in Sheffield, 12-year-old Uzair is waiting with his dad.
0:01:48 > 0:01:49What have you done, fella?
0:01:49 > 0:01:51- I fell on my arm. - You fell on your arm?
0:01:51 > 0:01:55Yikes, Chris, look at that. What happened?
0:01:55 > 0:01:56It was home time,
0:01:56 > 0:01:58and Uzair was standing on the street
0:01:58 > 0:02:00outside the drama classroom.
0:02:00 > 0:02:03Ooh! Had he just come out of drama class?
0:02:03 > 0:02:07I wonder if he'd been acting like a tree.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09Or perhaps he'd been miming.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13Or learning Shakespeare.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17"To be or not to be, that is the question!"
0:02:17 > 0:02:21Enough of the theatrics, Xand. Uzair hadn't been DOING drama.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23"My! Hadst he not?!"
0:02:23 > 0:02:28No, he just happened to be standing outside the drama classroom.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Everyone was in a rush to head home
0:02:30 > 0:02:32when all of a sudden, he tripped and fell on his arm.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34BOTH: Ouch!
0:02:34 > 0:02:36Now, that's what you call a bump.
0:02:36 > 0:02:39Ready to remedy a rickety wrist
0:02:39 > 0:02:41is consultant Sally Gibbs.
0:02:41 > 0:02:45Uzair is given an anaesthetic nasal spray to ease the pain.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48Then it's time to check the movement in his wrist and hands.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Does it hurt at all across your hand?
0:02:50 > 0:02:53- Feel there.- Yeah, yeah. - We need to get an X-ray.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56Looking at it, I think you've broken the bones.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Get ready for your close-up, Uzair.
0:03:01 > 0:03:03All finished.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06So, consultant Sally, what's the plan?
0:03:06 > 0:03:09So, he has definitely broken the bones in his wrist,
0:03:09 > 0:03:11on the radius bone.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14That bit should be sitting on top of that part.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Uh-oh! Time to tell Uzair the news.
0:03:17 > 0:03:19There's a break across the bone.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22And if you imagine the bone's like a long tube,
0:03:22 > 0:03:26and the end of it has just been knocked off sideways.
0:03:26 > 0:03:27We need to get that back in place
0:03:27 > 0:03:29so it can heal.
0:03:29 > 0:03:31I think it is going to need a little operation to...
0:03:31 > 0:03:34- Just to put it right.- Back where it should be.
0:03:34 > 0:03:35Before his operation
0:03:35 > 0:03:38he'll need a temporary cast to keep him comfortable.
0:03:38 > 0:03:41I'll take his jacket off so we can get to his arm to cast it...
0:03:41 > 0:03:43Oh, no - Uzair's got to have his favourite coat cut off.
0:03:43 > 0:03:48But don't worry, everyone's going to take a photo so you don't forget.
0:03:48 > 0:03:50How many more pictures could we have of you?
0:03:50 > 0:03:53Put the phone down, Dad, it's time for Uzair's operation.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Find out later how he gets on.
0:04:00 > 0:04:02And now to our lab!
0:04:02 > 0:04:05It's time for some Big Body Experiments.
0:04:05 > 0:04:06Some of them gory...
0:04:06 > 0:04:08This is not for the squeamish.
0:04:08 > 0:04:10Some extreme.
0:04:10 > 0:04:11It's freezing!
0:04:11 > 0:04:14So, are you ready?
0:04:14 > 0:04:18Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20Take a look at Chris's eye.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23This is one of my favourite views of the human body.
0:04:23 > 0:04:25What you're looking at there is his iris,
0:04:25 > 0:04:29that brown-coloured ring, which is incredibly beautiful up close.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31And in the middle of it is the pupil.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34And the pupil is the hole where light enters the eye.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36The iris is constantly twitching
0:04:36 > 0:04:38and contracting to regulate very
0:04:38 > 0:04:41carefully the amount of light going into the eye.
0:04:41 > 0:04:43So if I shine a torch into Chris's eye,
0:04:43 > 0:04:46you can see how much the bright light
0:04:46 > 0:04:48affects the diameter of his pupil.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50There you go, look at that.
0:04:50 > 0:04:51Look at how much it tightens up,
0:04:51 > 0:04:54to prevent too much light getting into his eye.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56And then, as I take it away,
0:04:56 > 0:04:59the pupil gets much larger again. Look at that, relaxing.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02And the muscle that controls all of that
0:05:02 > 0:05:05is the sphincter pupillae muscle in Chris's iris.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09Let's have a look at another ring of muscle
0:05:09 > 0:05:12that joins your oesophagus, or food pipe, to the stomach.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14Um... OK, I suppose so.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17If you could wrap your mouth around the slit lamp.
0:05:17 > 0:05:19Xand, I'm not going to swallow the slit lamp.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- I mean, we can use the image on the computer.- Oh, yeah.
0:05:23 > 0:05:26This is my oesophageal sphincter.
0:05:26 > 0:05:28It's at the entrance to my stomach.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32And just like the one in my eye, it's a circular ring of muscle.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35Now, you have over 50 types of sphincter in your body,
0:05:35 > 0:05:38and they all open and close holes to let things through.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41Sphincters regulate light, blood, air,
0:05:41 > 0:05:43food, saliva, enzymatic fluid,
0:05:43 > 0:05:44mucus, poo,
0:05:44 > 0:05:47bile, urine, poo -
0:05:47 > 0:05:50you name it, sphincters regulate the flow of it.
0:05:50 > 0:05:54- That was an impressive list. - Did I mention poo?- Yes, twice.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56The point is, there are far too many individual sphincters to count.
0:05:56 > 0:05:58You find them everywhere -
0:05:58 > 0:06:01even regulating blood flow through tiny vessels.
0:06:01 > 0:06:04And they mostly work without you ever knowing about it.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06In fact, there are only a few
0:06:06 > 0:06:09that you have any conscious control over at all,
0:06:09 > 0:06:12including two very important ones in your...
0:06:12 > 0:06:15Xand! I don't think we can talk about THOSE sphincters.
0:06:15 > 0:06:16Why not? Because they're in your...?
0:06:16 > 0:06:18I know where they are, Xand!
0:06:18 > 0:06:20I just don't know if we're allowed to mention them.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23Have you cleared this with whoever's in charge?
0:06:23 > 0:06:25I'm in charge. This is Operation Ouch!.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27And there's nothing we won't talk about.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29You know what, Xand? You're right.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31We're going to show you the two amazing sphincters
0:06:31 > 0:06:33that help you go for a poo.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35This is not for the squeamish.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43Xand, your pig's bum.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45YOU'RE a pig's bum!
0:06:45 > 0:06:48What? No, this is your pig's bum that you wanted me to dissect,
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- so we could look at the anal sphincters. Remember?- Yeah.
0:06:52 > 0:06:54Well, in that case, come and have a look at this.
0:06:54 > 0:06:57Now, this is a pig's bum, but it's a lot like yours.
0:06:57 > 0:06:58In the middle here,
0:06:58 > 0:07:01you can see this is the pig's bum hole, or anus.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03And around it we've cut away the skin
0:07:03 > 0:07:06to expose this ring of muscle.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09This is the external anal sphincter.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12And underneath it, there's another ring of muscle a bit like it
0:07:12 > 0:07:14called the internal anal sphincter.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15And these rings of muscle
0:07:15 > 0:07:18are naturally tense, or contracted.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20And what that means is that the poo,
0:07:20 > 0:07:22which is stored in the rectum here,
0:07:22 > 0:07:25doesn't leak out the pig's anus.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28Which is good. Because no-one wants poo running down their leg.
0:07:28 > 0:07:30That's right, absolutely no-one.
0:07:30 > 0:07:31No-one!
0:07:31 > 0:07:35Now, together, these muscles are how you know when to go for a poo.
0:07:35 > 0:07:37And we're going to show you how.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41I'm excited about this, Chris!
0:07:41 > 0:07:44This is the Sphinctermatic 8.0.
0:07:44 > 0:07:478.0? What happened to the other seven?
0:07:47 > 0:07:49Well, let's just say the lab got a little messy.
0:07:49 > 0:07:51Anyway, this is to demonstrate
0:07:51 > 0:07:54how your internal and external sphincters work.
0:07:54 > 0:07:57These tubes represent your colon,
0:07:57 > 0:08:00and rectum, where your poo is stored.
0:08:00 > 0:08:01And the internal
0:08:01 > 0:08:05and external anal sphincters.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07- Right, Chris, you've got a bowl of poo.- Eurgh!
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Put it in the colon.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12Come on, come on, we haven't got all day.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14Come on. Fill it up.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16There we go.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19Good job. So now the rectum is full of poo,
0:08:19 > 0:08:22some of the poo is touching the internal anal sphincter,
0:08:22 > 0:08:24and that causes it to relax.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27This lets a little bit of poo through, which touches the nerve
0:08:27 > 0:08:29endings in the external anal sphincter,
0:08:29 > 0:08:31which sends a message to the brain saying,
0:08:31 > 0:08:34"Oi, Brain, I need the toilet!"
0:08:34 > 0:08:37It's important to say that your brain can tell your external anal
0:08:37 > 0:08:39sphincter to stay closed for little bit,
0:08:39 > 0:08:43but don't hold the poo for too long or it could make you constipated.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45Right, come on. We're on the toilet, you sit down,
0:08:45 > 0:08:48you un-kink your colon. Lots of muscles relax,
0:08:48 > 0:08:51including the external and internal anal sphincters.
0:08:51 > 0:08:55And then the rectum squeezes, with peristalsis, all that smooth muscle,
0:08:55 > 0:08:58and the poo can start to go into the toilet.
0:08:58 > 0:09:00Good job.
0:09:00 > 0:09:01All done -
0:09:01 > 0:09:03and you can go about your day.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06- Finished! - TOILET FLUSHES
0:09:06 > 0:09:10So, we've shown you that sphincters are rings of muscle
0:09:10 > 0:09:13that open and close holes to let things through.
0:09:13 > 0:09:16And you've seen that they control all sorts of actions in your body,
0:09:16 > 0:09:17from how much light enters your eye
0:09:17 > 0:09:20to when you can go to the toilet for a poo.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23And what's amazing about those nerve endings in your external anal
0:09:23 > 0:09:25sphincter is they can tell the difference
0:09:25 > 0:09:27between solid poo, runny poo,
0:09:27 > 0:09:29- or if it's just a... - PHH-RRR-RT!
0:09:29 > 0:09:30Was that you?!
0:09:30 > 0:09:34No... It's the Sphinctermatic 8.0 playing up.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36I'd better get to work on version 9.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46We're both Ouch and About!
0:09:46 > 0:09:49Chris is hitting the wards with his Ouch bleeper.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Apparently you've got a question for me. It's pretty cool, isn't it?
0:09:52 > 0:09:55And I'm hitting the streets to answer your medical mysteries.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57Awesome!
0:09:59 > 0:10:03In the hospital, Chris is extremely busy doing his homework.
0:10:03 > 0:10:05I did it!
0:10:05 > 0:10:07Come on, jump to it.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10It's a message from Olivia. She's had an operation on her arm.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12Olivia, hi.
0:10:12 > 0:10:13Hi.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16- Apparently, you have a question for me.- Yes.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18Why did they have to cut into my arm?
0:10:18 > 0:10:20What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:10:20 > 0:10:22So it sounds to me like you have a case of...
0:10:24 > 0:10:26You're out on a LIMB with this one.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28So tell me what happened.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31I fell out of bed and I broke my arm, just above my elbow.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34- What happened next?- I had no pulse in my arm.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37So you didn't have a pulse in your wrist.
0:10:37 > 0:10:38And that can be really serious.
0:10:38 > 0:10:42You have a big bone here connecting your shoulder to your elbow.
0:10:42 > 0:10:44That bone's called your humerus. And you have blood vessels
0:10:44 > 0:10:46running down your arm,
0:10:46 > 0:10:48and then you can feel a pulse at the wrist.
0:10:48 > 0:10:50But if you break this bone,
0:10:50 > 0:10:52it can hurt the artery here,
0:10:52 > 0:10:55and cut off the blood supply to the hand.
0:10:55 > 0:10:57So the surgeons fix the humerus,
0:10:57 > 0:11:00and then the blood will flow nicely down your arm,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03supplying all these muscles and the muscles of your hand.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05Well, I think you have earned an Ouch! sticker.
0:11:05 > 0:11:09- OK, nice to meet you. Bye.- Bye!
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Meanwhile, I'm out on the street,
0:11:12 > 0:11:14hunting down quirky queries.
0:11:14 > 0:11:16Hello, Matthew! Have you got a question for me?
0:11:19 > 0:11:20When you're exercising,
0:11:20 > 0:11:23your muscles use oxygen and a fuel source,
0:11:23 > 0:11:25which is usually sugar,
0:11:25 > 0:11:27so your muscles can get tired if they run out of oxygen
0:11:27 > 0:11:29or they run out of sugar.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32But if you're lifting a very heavy weight, you get other things
0:11:32 > 0:11:35building up in the muscles, like lactic acid, and they can hurt.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38So it depends on what kind of exercise you're doing.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41- What sort of exercise do you normally do?- Press-ups.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44- Oh, right, how many can you do? - Five. How many can YOU do?
0:11:44 > 0:11:46200. Show me.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49I want to see this.
0:11:49 > 0:11:50Great question, Matthew.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54But you need to train your muscles a bit more, Xand.
0:11:54 > 0:11:57I'd like to see you do better, Chris.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59Sorry, I'm far too busy.
0:11:59 > 0:12:01I've got a call from Alfie.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04He's just had an operation to remove his appendix.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06- Hi, Alfie.- Hi.
0:12:06 > 0:12:08What is your question?
0:12:08 > 0:12:10How does your appendix work?
0:12:10 > 0:12:11What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:12:11 > 0:12:13So it sounds to me like you have a case of...
0:12:17 > 0:12:18Over to you, Chris.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20So, Alfie, you have a tube, and YOU have a tube
0:12:20 > 0:12:23as well, that connects your mouth to your bottom.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25It's called your gut.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28And that gut digests food and then turns it into poo,
0:12:28 > 0:12:29which is the stuff you don't need.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32But dangling off a little bit of your gut
0:12:32 > 0:12:34is a finger-like dangly bit,
0:12:34 > 0:12:36and that is your appendix.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38And most people think it doesn't really do very much.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41It might store bacteria that help you digest your food,
0:12:41 > 0:12:43but you can live perfectly well without it
0:12:43 > 0:12:47and we know that because in a lot of people it has to be removed.
0:12:47 > 0:12:49Alfie, what happened to YOUR appendix?
0:12:49 > 0:12:51- It erupted.- It erupted?
0:12:51 > 0:12:54- Yeah.- If the opening of the appendix into the tube of your bowel gets
0:12:54 > 0:12:59blocked, then it gets infected, and then it can burst.
0:12:59 > 0:13:00Alfie, did I answer your question?
0:13:00 > 0:13:03Yeah. Great. Well, I think you have earned an Operation Ouch! sticker.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05- Thank you.- See you soon.- Bye!
0:13:05 > 0:13:08Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:13:12 > 0:13:14Back in the emergency department,
0:13:14 > 0:13:16Uzair is getting surgery for his broken wrist.
0:13:16 > 0:13:20Let's go see how the doctors do it. Come on!
0:13:20 > 0:13:22Wait for me.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26Earlier, Uzair came into the emergency department
0:13:26 > 0:13:28with a lumpy limb.
0:13:28 > 0:13:30Everyone was in a rush to get home at the end of school
0:13:30 > 0:13:33when Uzair tripped over, falling on his arm.
0:13:33 > 0:13:35Ouch!
0:13:35 > 0:13:40X-rays revealed the radius bone in his arm was totally skew-whiff!
0:13:40 > 0:13:42He's been given an anaesthetic,
0:13:42 > 0:13:44so he'll be asleep for the operation and
0:13:44 > 0:13:48won't feel a thing. Leading the operation is surgeon Mr Owain Evans.
0:13:49 > 0:13:53First, Uzair's arm is pulled in opposite directions
0:13:53 > 0:13:56to pop the bone back into place.
0:13:56 > 0:13:59Next, the bones are pinned back together.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02One surgeon holds Uzair's wrist in place...
0:14:02 > 0:14:05Here comes a gross alert.
0:14:05 > 0:14:09..while the other drills in two pins into the middle of his radius bone.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12They keep the bones perfectly straight while they heal.
0:14:12 > 0:14:13Finally, a cast is put on.
0:14:15 > 0:14:18And the next morning, our patient is looking chirpy.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21- How are you feeling, fella?- Yeah, I feel better.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24Thank goodness. And it looks like you can head home.
0:14:24 > 0:14:26See you later, Uzair.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28BOTH: Bye!
0:14:28 > 0:14:32Still to come, it's getting a bit hairy.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34I didn't cut off any ears. There's no blood.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36We're a sight for sore eyes...
0:14:36 > 0:14:38It's really itchy.
0:14:38 > 0:14:40And it's a jungle out there!
0:14:40 > 0:14:43Sort of like a caterpillar that lives in water.
0:14:43 > 0:14:45But first...
0:14:45 > 0:14:48Did you know that when your hair gets wet,
0:14:48 > 0:14:50the water temporarily breaks some of the bonds
0:14:50 > 0:14:53between the protein molecules in each strand?
0:14:53 > 0:14:55This means wet hair
0:14:55 > 0:14:57can stretch up to 30% more than normal.
0:14:57 > 0:14:58Wow!
0:15:01 > 0:15:06Amazing people do lots of important jobs inside and outside hospitals
0:15:06 > 0:15:11that help to keep you safe. But what will happen when WE have a go?
0:15:11 > 0:15:12I feel a bit silly.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14This...is Operation Takeover.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17Can you guess who today's hero is? Well, I'll give you a clue.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19They might use some of these.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21- They're a gardener.- No, Xand.
0:15:21 > 0:15:24You might find them using some of this.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26Oh! Well, they're definitely a gardener.
0:15:26 > 0:15:28No, Xand. OK, last clue.
0:15:28 > 0:15:31They often use this stuff.
0:15:33 > 0:15:35Are they the head gardener?
0:15:35 > 0:15:39Well, I...suppose they are, in a way. Did you guess it?
0:15:39 > 0:15:42We're about to take over the job of today's hospital hero,
0:15:42 > 0:15:45volunteer hairdresser Andrew.
0:15:45 > 0:15:47He's the top stylist for the patients
0:15:47 > 0:15:51at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London.
0:15:51 > 0:15:53Probably not many people think of hospitals as having
0:15:53 > 0:15:56hairdressers. Why do you need a hairdresser in a hospital?
0:15:56 > 0:15:59I just think, a bit of normality in the midst of everything that they're
0:15:59 > 0:16:02going through is just so important. So, getting a haircut.
0:16:02 > 0:16:04Some people have not had their hair washed for days or weeks
0:16:04 > 0:16:06or months. And the guys haven't had a shave.
0:16:06 > 0:16:09So, not being able to do that must be so frustrating.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14One person in need of Andrew's services is 16-year-old Nailah,
0:16:14 > 0:16:16who's desperate for a quick trim.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19The important thing for me is, I want your hair to look great
0:16:19 > 0:16:20but I want you to be comfortable.
0:16:20 > 0:16:23So, are you OK to stand while I cut your hair?
0:16:23 > 0:16:25- Yeah.- Would that be all right?
0:16:25 > 0:16:28So, Nailah, is it good that there's a hairdresser on the hospital?
0:16:28 > 0:16:30I was actually quite shocked.
0:16:30 > 0:16:32But it's nice to have, you know...
0:16:32 > 0:16:34especially if you have been here for, like, a long time.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37Tell us a bit about the technique of what you're doing.
0:16:37 > 0:16:40OK, so I'm just cutting it, getting all the dead ends off.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42I'm cutting a couple of inches off.
0:16:42 > 0:16:44And I'm just keeping it one length.
0:16:44 > 0:16:47Just keeping it really neat and really classic and simple.
0:16:47 > 0:16:51A few more snips and nips later, and Nailah's ready to go.
0:16:51 > 0:16:54Let's have a look... Just feels better, as well.
0:16:54 > 0:16:57You looked great when we arrived, but you do look even better now.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59Absolutely.
0:16:59 > 0:17:00Thank you!
0:17:00 > 0:17:02We've seen just how important and challenging
0:17:02 > 0:17:04the job of being a hospital hairdresser really is.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07That's right, Chris. And I am really looking forward to this challenge
0:17:07 > 0:17:11but I'm a little worried we might not make the CUT.
0:17:11 > 0:17:14Get it? Like the haircut, like the scissors...
0:17:14 > 0:17:18It's time for us to take over as hospital hairdressers.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21Andrew, what is our challenge today?
0:17:21 > 0:17:24I've got two volunteers who want their hair cut and styled.
0:17:24 > 0:17:28Are these sort of dummies wearing wigs or are these real human beings?
0:17:28 > 0:17:30No, these are real people with real hair,
0:17:30 > 0:17:33so they will be a bit nervous about cutting too much off.
0:17:33 > 0:17:36They know how they like to wear their hair so that's
0:17:36 > 0:17:37all part of the challenge.
0:17:37 > 0:17:39No pressure, then! Yikes!
0:17:39 > 0:17:42We're going to be judged on consultation -
0:17:42 > 0:17:45speaking to the client and asking what they want done.
0:17:45 > 0:17:47Technique - how we cut and style the hair.
0:17:47 > 0:17:49And the presentation - the final look,
0:17:49 > 0:17:52and making sure the client is happy. Eek!
0:17:52 > 0:17:57Uh-oh, I feel slightly worried for our two very brave volunteers,
0:17:57 > 0:17:59Lizzie and Cassie.
0:17:59 > 0:18:01I'll go first. Watch and learn, Xand.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04OK, so show me how much you'd like taken off the end.
0:18:04 > 0:18:06Perhaps an inch or two?
0:18:06 > 0:18:09I know I'm trying to look as if I'm really like weighing up the options
0:18:09 > 0:18:11and deciding what cut I'm going to give you,
0:18:11 > 0:18:14but, actually, I'm just stalling because I'm a bit nervous.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16Maybe he shouldn't have said he was nervous,
0:18:16 > 0:18:18that might not be the best thing to say
0:18:18 > 0:18:20with a pair of scissors in your hand.
0:18:20 > 0:18:22Consultation done, it's time to get snipping.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24There we go, the first cut.
0:18:24 > 0:18:27I think less is going to be more here, Lizzie.
0:18:27 > 0:18:30I'm just going to do a tiny bit more.
0:18:30 > 0:18:32I'm not sure Andrew taught us the zig-zag technique!
0:18:32 > 0:18:35As they say, it'll always grow back.
0:18:35 > 0:18:37I'd be worried too, Lizzie!
0:18:37 > 0:18:39What looks, when Andrew was doing it,
0:18:39 > 0:18:42like it would all go in a straight line... Even that,
0:18:42 > 0:18:45like if I go along here and I'm just taking the tiniest bit off
0:18:45 > 0:18:46at the end of it,
0:18:46 > 0:18:49it's not a straight line and I don't see any way of
0:18:49 > 0:18:51getting it straighter.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54I'm not sure I'm putting Cassie at ease.
0:18:54 > 0:18:58So - with a quick cut here and a chop, chop there,
0:18:58 > 0:19:00we're ready for the presentation.
0:19:00 > 0:19:01I didn't cut off any ears.
0:19:01 > 0:19:04There's no blood. The hair will grow back.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06I'm going to put down the scissors.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10Right, spin around...
0:19:10 > 0:19:11- OK.- Grab the chair.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14Hand you the mirror and you can have a look.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18- Just what I wanted.- Yes!
0:19:18 > 0:19:21And this is the finished product.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23Crikey. I hope the jagged look's in fashion.
0:19:23 > 0:19:25Andrew, how did we do?
0:19:25 > 0:19:29OK, so you're both fantastic, but I think initially, Chris,
0:19:29 > 0:19:30you started off amazing.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32Your consultation was great.
0:19:32 > 0:19:35Xand, I think you actually said at one point, "I'm a bit nervous."
0:19:35 > 0:19:38- I did.- And that wasn't a good start. - Wasn't what she wanted to hear.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40However, I think, Xand, your technique
0:19:40 > 0:19:43was a little bit better than yours, Chris.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46You cut a straighter line - and with yours, Chris,
0:19:46 > 0:19:48you didn't use the client's back as a guideline.
0:19:48 > 0:19:50So what's the overall verdict?
0:19:50 > 0:19:53I think the overall winner - it really has to be Xand.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55Yes!
0:19:55 > 0:19:57Well, we may have learned that
0:19:57 > 0:20:01you are a tiny bit better than me in some aspects of hairdressing,
0:20:01 > 0:20:03but what we've definitely seen is just how important the hospital
0:20:03 > 0:20:06hairdresser is in making patients feel good.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10This is most definitely a job best left to the professionals.
0:20:10 > 0:20:12Andrew, we're handing our aprons back.
0:20:12 > 0:20:14- Thank you very much.- Thank you very much indeed.
0:20:18 > 0:20:21I hear, Chris, that you're off to visit some of the world's
0:20:21 > 0:20:24most dangerous creatures. So I've brought you some safety goggles.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28I've got cushions to defend yourself against teeth and claws, and I have
0:20:28 > 0:20:31a pasta strainer for your head.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34Xand, I don't think any of this is helpful or necessary.
0:20:34 > 0:20:35Well, better safe than sorry, Chris.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37After all, if you didn't come back,
0:20:37 > 0:20:41who'd be around to cook me my favourite spaghetti bolognese?
0:20:41 > 0:20:43I think it's time for Investigation Ouch.
0:20:47 > 0:20:52So today, I'm looking for one of the world's deadliest creatures.
0:20:52 > 0:20:55It's roamed the Earth for over 200 million years.
0:20:57 > 0:20:59I know - it has to be the deadly T-rex.
0:20:59 > 0:21:02Don't be ridiculous, Xand, T-rex are extinct.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06- What about a snake?- No, it's not a snake.
0:21:06 > 0:21:08The creature I'm talking about can
0:21:08 > 0:21:11drink up to three times its own body weight in blood.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14I've got it. It's a mosquito.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18Mosquitoes are small insects which can give you a nip.
0:21:18 > 0:21:21You've probably been bitten by one.
0:21:21 > 0:21:22In some countries,
0:21:22 > 0:21:23mosquitoes are dangerous
0:21:23 > 0:21:26because they transmit infectious diseases like
0:21:26 > 0:21:29dengue fever and malaria to humans when they bite us.
0:21:30 > 0:21:34In the UK, mosquito bites are generally pretty harmless,
0:21:34 > 0:21:36just a bit itchy and uncomfortable,
0:21:36 > 0:21:40but in fact remarkably little is known about our local mosquito
0:21:40 > 0:21:43population. Has it started to change, for example?
0:21:43 > 0:21:47Could it contain mosquitoes which might transmit disease?
0:21:49 > 0:21:53To find out, I'm meeting some of the only scientists researching
0:21:53 > 0:21:55mosquitoes in the UK.
0:21:55 > 0:21:58Excuse me, do you know where there are any scientists around here?
0:21:58 > 0:22:00Dr Chris, we ARE the scientists.
0:22:00 > 0:22:02You are the scientists?! Well...
0:22:02 > 0:22:04I was expecting them to be a bit older.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06Right, well, what do I need?
0:22:06 > 0:22:09Have you brought your mosquito larvae retrieval device?
0:22:09 > 0:22:11Have you got one I can borrow?
0:22:11 > 0:22:12Yeah, you can use this one.
0:22:12 > 0:22:13Brilliant, thank you.
0:22:13 > 0:22:16It's like a piece of bamboo with a measuring jug
0:22:16 > 0:22:18- on the end of it.- Come on, Chris, let's go.
0:22:20 > 0:22:25Why have we come to these ponds to look for mosquitoes?
0:22:25 > 0:22:27So, they lay their eggs in water.
0:22:27 > 0:22:28They then become pupae,
0:22:28 > 0:22:30and then they turn into larvae.
0:22:30 > 0:22:34So it's sort of like a caterpillar that lives in water.
0:22:34 > 0:22:39Why are you guys interested in looking at the mosquito larvae?
0:22:39 > 0:22:42So we can classify them and then see if they're
0:22:42 > 0:22:44mosquitoes that can carry malaria
0:22:44 > 0:22:47and dengue fever and things like that.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51Did you know, there are currently 34 species of mosquito in the UK?
0:22:51 > 0:22:54Luckily none of them carry dangerous diseases,
0:22:54 > 0:22:57but there are 3,500 species worldwide
0:22:57 > 0:22:59so it's important to check
0:22:59 > 0:23:01whether new ones have arrived.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03So what am I looking for in the water?
0:23:03 > 0:23:06You're looking for little black bobbly things.
0:23:06 > 0:23:09Oh, I see, is it these things that are wriggling around?
0:23:09 > 0:23:13- Yeah.- So how are we going to tell what species they are?
0:23:13 > 0:23:17So we're going to put them in one of the containers and take them back to
0:23:17 > 0:23:21the lab, and we will classify them under the microscope.
0:23:22 > 0:23:26Wow, look at that, up close they look quite frightening.
0:23:26 > 0:23:28Maya and Asmaa
0:23:28 > 0:23:30are using an identification chart
0:23:30 > 0:23:32to work out which type of mosquito we caught.
0:23:32 > 0:23:34There's the developed head...
0:23:34 > 0:23:35There's the thorax.
0:23:35 > 0:23:40- OK. And that's its little air pipe, is it, that's how it breathes?- Yeah.
0:23:40 > 0:23:44So unlike you, a mosquito larvae breathes through kind of its bottom,
0:23:44 > 0:23:46- is that right?- Well,
0:23:46 > 0:23:48you can see it has one tuft of hair,
0:23:48 > 0:23:51and it says on the identification chart
0:23:51 > 0:23:52Aedes has one tuft of hair.
0:23:52 > 0:23:55Some kinds of mosquitoes can carry diseases.
0:23:55 > 0:23:57Can you tell if this is one of those?
0:23:57 > 0:24:02Well, it is hard to identify if it could until it's an adult mosquito.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05So you're going to let the larvae grow into an adult
0:24:05 > 0:24:07- and then you'll be able to tell? - Yes.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11With climate change meaning the UK's getting hotter,
0:24:11 > 0:24:13this work is more important than ever.
0:24:13 > 0:24:16What's incredible about this research is it will enable us
0:24:16 > 0:24:19to know if there are any mosquitoes in the UK
0:24:19 > 0:24:21that are spreading disease - and if we
0:24:21 > 0:24:23know about them, we can prepare for any dangers.
0:24:23 > 0:24:25And not only that,
0:24:25 > 0:24:26but the research here,
0:24:26 > 0:24:28tracking one of the deadliest creatures on Earth
0:24:28 > 0:24:31is being done by kids your age.
0:24:35 > 0:24:38The team in the emergency department are ready for their next patient.
0:24:38 > 0:24:41Ooh! Well, let's see...
0:24:41 > 0:24:43who it's going to be!
0:24:43 > 0:24:45Eye-eye, who's this, then?
0:24:45 > 0:24:47It's nine-year-old Caleb and his mum,
0:24:47 > 0:24:51in Alder Hey Emergency Department with a very swollen eye.
0:24:51 > 0:24:54It feels quite itchy and painful.
0:24:54 > 0:24:56Like a pain in my eye.
0:24:56 > 0:24:57How did it happen?
0:24:57 > 0:25:00Well, this one is impossible to work out.
0:25:00 > 0:25:02If anyone can do it, I can.
0:25:02 > 0:25:05OK, well, Caleb went to bed as normal and fell asleep.
0:25:05 > 0:25:08Mysteriously, during the night, his eye started to go red.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11I know, I know - one of those shooting stars
0:25:11 > 0:25:14sprung off the wall, and those PJ superheroes dived to catch it.
0:25:14 > 0:25:17As battle commenced, a loose high kick went wrong
0:25:17 > 0:25:20- and Caleb got clobbered in the eye!- No, definitely not,
0:25:20 > 0:25:22there was no stardust on the floor so it can't be that.
0:25:22 > 0:25:24- Good point.- It just happened.
0:25:24 > 0:25:27Poor Caleb woke up and his eye was sore and very swollen.
0:25:29 > 0:25:32Ouch! It's really itchy.
0:25:32 > 0:25:35Don't worry, Caleb. There's a nurse on the way to fix that itch.
0:25:35 > 0:25:36Let's play a game whilst you wait.
0:25:36 > 0:25:41I spy with my little eye something beginning with...EB.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43EB, that's a tough one.
0:25:43 > 0:25:44Erm... Enormous bed.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46No.
0:25:46 > 0:25:47Emergency button.
0:25:47 > 0:25:49- No.- Energetic banana!
0:25:49 > 0:25:51RAVE MUSIC PLAYS
0:25:51 > 0:25:53Don't be ridiculous, Xand.
0:25:53 > 0:25:56- We give up, Caleb.- Empty bin!
0:25:56 > 0:25:58Empty bin! Missed that one. Mum.
0:25:58 > 0:26:00My turn. I spy with my...
0:26:00 > 0:26:04No time, Xand. Advanced nurse practitioner Sarah Jackson
0:26:04 > 0:26:06has arrived.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09Nurse Sarah checks Caleb's eye to see where the pain is.
0:26:09 > 0:26:11- All right?- Yeah.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14And she checks his vision to make sure he can see clearly.
0:26:14 > 0:26:17V, Y, O...
0:26:17 > 0:26:20Nurse Sarah is going to use eye drops, to make sure Caleb's cornea
0:26:20 > 0:26:21isn't damaged.
0:26:21 > 0:26:23So, have you had drops in your eyes before?
0:26:23 > 0:26:24Yeah.
0:26:24 > 0:26:27Your cornea is a clear layer that protects your eye.
0:26:27 > 0:26:30It's very sensitive and when you get something in your eye,
0:26:30 > 0:26:32it can easily get scratched.
0:26:32 > 0:26:35This damage could lead to an infection.
0:26:35 > 0:26:37Scratches are difficult for doctors to see,
0:26:37 > 0:26:42so they use special fluorescein eye drops, which contain an orange dye.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44This temporarily stains any scratches.
0:26:46 > 0:26:49Then Nurse Sarah shines a blue light into Caleb's eye.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51The combination of the light and the dye
0:26:51 > 0:26:54makes any problems really easy to spot.
0:26:54 > 0:26:56It looks like it's preseptal cellulitis.
0:26:56 > 0:27:00Preseptal cellulitis is an infection of the soft tissue around the eye
0:27:00 > 0:27:02which will need antibiotics.
0:27:02 > 0:27:04We'll give you some oral antibiotics
0:27:04 > 0:27:07and then hopefully it will get better.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09Well, that's eye-mazing!
0:27:09 > 0:27:12Maybe you can get some eyes-cream on the way home!
0:27:13 > 0:27:15Anyway, see you later, Caleb.
0:27:15 > 0:27:16BOTH: Bye!
0:27:18 > 0:27:20Next time on Operation Ouch!...
0:27:20 > 0:27:23- Join the queue...- Hello, it's Chris here.
0:27:23 > 0:27:25- Dr Chris here...- I'm going to miss my appointment.
0:27:25 > 0:27:27..get ready for combat...
0:27:27 > 0:27:28I'm going to protect people's hearts.
0:27:28 > 0:27:31And if you can't beat 'em, join 'em.
0:27:33 > 0:27:38So that's it until next time, from Super Xand and his space cape.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40And Operation Ouch!.
0:27:41 > 0:27:43Chris! My cape!
0:27:46 > 0:27:47My cape...
0:27:49 > 0:27:50This is to demonstrate how your
0:27:50 > 0:27:52internal and external sphincters work.
0:27:52 > 0:27:54CHRIS SNEEZES
0:27:54 > 0:27:57Remarkably little is known about our local mosquiko... Mosquiko?!
0:27:57 > 0:27:59CHRIS SNEEZES
0:27:59 > 0:28:02The thing I'm looking for...the creature I'm... Hold on.
0:28:02 > 0:28:04HE SNEEZES