0:00:23 > 0:00:24He's Doctor Chris.
0:00:24 > 0:00:26He's Doctor Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:27Yes, he's still got his beard.
0:00:27 > 0:00:30And we're still identical twins.
0:00:30 > 0:00:31Your body's amazing.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33And we're going to show you why.
0:00:33 > 0:00:35I've got something stuck in my ear.
0:00:35 > 0:00:38We're head-to-head in Operation Takeover.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40SIRENS WAIL
0:00:40 > 0:00:41Ouch And About hits the wards.
0:00:41 > 0:00:43What kind of ambulance did you get?
0:00:43 > 0:00:46I didn't get an ambulance, I got a helicopter.
0:00:46 > 0:00:47There's more first aid tips.
0:00:47 > 0:00:49We do need to get Xand to hospital.
0:00:49 > 0:00:51We catch up with our new Ouch patients.
0:00:51 > 0:00:52Hello!
0:00:53 > 0:00:56And our lab experiments will
0:00:56 > 0:00:59blow...your...mind!
0:00:59 > 0:01:01That is an amazing view.
0:01:01 > 0:01:02Are you ready to join us?
0:01:02 > 0:01:04PPRRRRFFFFT!
0:01:04 > 0:01:06- Was that you?- No.
0:01:11 > 0:01:12Coming up today on...
0:01:12 > 0:01:13Operation Ouch!
0:01:16 > 0:01:18There are tears of pain.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20Ah!
0:01:20 > 0:01:21I give some advice.
0:01:21 > 0:01:22HE BURPS
0:01:22 > 0:01:25And we're all at sea.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28- That is amazing. BOTH:- Man overboard, starboard side!
0:01:28 > 0:01:29But first....
0:01:29 > 0:01:33The team in the emergency department can fix just about anything.
0:01:33 > 0:01:36Which is just as well! Check out this next case.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38Right, Xand, let's go.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43Over in Sheffield accident and emergency department,
0:01:43 > 0:01:4612-year-old Callum has arrived with Mum, sister Jodie,
0:01:46 > 0:01:49a busted lip and a grazed shoulder.
0:01:49 > 0:01:51Ooh! How did that happen?
0:01:51 > 0:01:55Callum went to an outdoor skate park on his scooter.
0:01:55 > 0:01:57Whoa! Look at that guy's moves!
0:01:57 > 0:02:00I know. Callum couldn't wait to join in.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02Hold your horses, mister!
0:02:02 > 0:02:05Callum can't join in, he doesn't have a helmet on.
0:02:05 > 0:02:09I know, Xand. But he went on in anyway.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11Er...rewind!
0:02:11 > 0:02:13What about knee and elbow pads as well?
0:02:13 > 0:02:15I know, Xand. He didn't have any.
0:02:15 > 0:02:17Oh, no! I can't watch!
0:02:17 > 0:02:19Callum embarked on his best move ever!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23But it went totally wrong, he crash-landed onto his mouth,
0:02:23 > 0:02:25slid along the ground, scraping his body.
0:02:26 > 0:02:30Ouch! Ooh, poor guy can't even speak at the moment.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32Luckily, Dr Caroline Kendrick
0:02:32 > 0:02:34is ready to see you, Callum.
0:02:34 > 0:02:36As Callum landed with force,
0:02:36 > 0:02:37Dr Caroline checks that
0:02:37 > 0:02:40he doesn't have any hidden internal injuries.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42It looks as though these are all just very,
0:02:42 > 0:02:44what we say, superficial grazes.
0:02:44 > 0:02:46So, with his body in one piece,
0:02:46 > 0:02:48there's just one last place to check.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Right, need to see what's under here.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52All right? OK.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55You've got a cut on the inside of your lip
0:02:55 > 0:02:57and around the teeth, OK, it looks as though
0:02:57 > 0:02:59you've given them a good push back. OK.
0:02:59 > 0:03:02Callum's front teeth are totally bent out of position,
0:03:02 > 0:03:04so he needs to see a specialist.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07Find out what the docs have got in store later.
0:03:11 > 0:03:16Did you know your eyes are made up of over 4 million working parts?
0:03:16 > 0:03:18Wow!
0:03:22 > 0:03:24And now to our lab.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27It's time for some big body experiments.
0:03:27 > 0:03:28Some of them gory!
0:03:28 > 0:03:30This is not for the squeamish.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32Some extreme!
0:03:32 > 0:03:34It's freezing!
0:03:34 > 0:03:36We're ready, are you?
0:03:36 > 0:03:40Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44Xand, what are you doing?
0:03:44 > 0:03:46Oh, Chris, I'm blinking.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50Did you know that you blink 15 times every minute?
0:03:50 > 0:03:52And so if you take sleep time into account,
0:03:52 > 0:03:56that's 16 hours of waking time, and that means that we blink...
0:03:56 > 0:03:5914,400 blinks every day!
0:03:59 > 0:04:02And if each blink lasts about a third of a second,
0:04:02 > 0:04:06that means I have my eyes closed for an hour and 20 minutes every day.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08Right, and your point is?
0:04:08 > 0:04:11Well, I thought if I could get all my blinking out of the way
0:04:11 > 0:04:14early in the morning, then I wouldn't miss anything later on.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18Well, Xand, it's an interesting idea, but it's never going to work,
0:04:18 > 0:04:21because blinking is controlled by a reflex.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23HE SOBS
0:04:23 > 0:04:26Chris! I really thought I was onto something there.
0:04:26 > 0:04:27Wait, Xand, you are.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30- You are a genius.- Oh, am I?- Yes!
0:04:30 > 0:04:32You cried and your eyes produced tears,
0:04:32 > 0:04:35which is exactly what today's lab is all about.
0:04:35 > 0:04:39Tears are a bit like the saliva in your mouth, they have loads of jobs.
0:04:43 > 0:04:44Making your eyes sparkle!
0:04:44 > 0:04:46That's not an important one.
0:04:46 > 0:04:48Well, it is to me. But to show you where they come from,
0:04:48 > 0:04:51we need to take a closer look at the human eye.
0:04:51 > 0:04:56Absolutely, Xand, which is why I need you to come and sit over here.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59I'm going to use this slit lamp to get a super detailed view.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Lights down.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05And now we can see on the screen Xand's eye.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09Tears are produced in the lacrimal gland beneath your top eyelid.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12It's like a slow dripping tap that constantly releases tears
0:05:12 > 0:05:14onto the outer surface of the eyeball.
0:05:14 > 0:05:18Whenever you blink, they spread across the surface of the eye.
0:05:18 > 0:05:20And I can show you...
0:05:20 > 0:05:21where they end up.
0:05:21 > 0:05:24Because obviously tears don't flow down your cheek all day.
0:05:24 > 0:05:28In the corner of your eye, you can see that little hole...
0:05:28 > 0:05:31it's called the puncta lacrimalis.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34And so tears flow across your eye, into that hole
0:05:34 > 0:05:38and into your nose, a bit like the plughole in a bath
0:05:38 > 0:05:41and that's why your nose runs when you cry.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45Now, the tears that Xand's making at the moment are called basal tears
0:05:45 > 0:05:46and they protect the eye.
0:05:46 > 0:05:47They contain antibodies
0:05:47 > 0:05:49and they lubricate it.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52And when they run into the nose, you swallow them and recycle them.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55But not all tears are created equal.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57And we are going to try and prove it.
0:05:57 > 0:06:01- Are we? How?- By turning your tears, Xand, into crystals.
0:06:01 > 0:06:03Crystals? In my eye?
0:06:03 > 0:06:04That's going to hurt!
0:06:04 > 0:06:06No, Xand, not in your eyes, in our lab!
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Your eyes actually make different types of tears
0:06:10 > 0:06:12depending on why you cry.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14And I want to see if we can prove it.
0:06:14 > 0:06:15Are you ready, Xand?
0:06:15 > 0:06:17- No!- Good.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19Now what we need you to do is to produce some tears.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21I will then collect them using a little syringe.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23So what kind of things make you cry?
0:06:23 > 0:06:25Well, I suppose a really sad movie.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27Brilliant. Sad tears.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29HE SOBS
0:06:33 > 0:06:36Success! Now what about tears from chopping onions?
0:06:43 > 0:06:44And let's try some wind-in-your-face
0:06:44 > 0:06:47while-you're-riding-your-bike kind of tears.
0:06:48 > 0:06:50Now, there's one more type of tears I had mind.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53Tears of pain.
0:06:53 > 0:06:55So I'm getting Xand's eyebrows threaded.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58Ow, ow, ow, ow!
0:06:58 > 0:07:00Hold on, stop! Stop! I can see a tear.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07Great. Now all we have to do is wait for the tears to dry
0:07:07 > 0:07:08and turn into crystals.
0:07:09 > 0:07:13Right, come on, Xand. Time to look at the results.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15First up, it's the onion tears.
0:07:16 > 0:07:21So these are your dried tears from when you chopped onions.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24Wow! Crystals from my eyes!
0:07:24 > 0:07:26These are actually reflex tears
0:07:26 > 0:07:28and they're full of antibodies and enzymes
0:07:28 > 0:07:32which is what you can see here as having dried on the dish.
0:07:32 > 0:07:34And those are produced to soothe the eyes
0:07:34 > 0:07:36when they're exposed to an irritant.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38That's why your eyes cry when you chop onions.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41Next up, it's the wind tears.
0:07:41 > 0:07:44Wow! That looks very different to the onion tears.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47These are also reflex tears, but they look different
0:07:47 > 0:07:51because the body has responded to the wind differently to the onions
0:07:51 > 0:07:54by making a different combination of salts, antibodies,
0:07:54 > 0:07:57and enzymes in response to a different irritant.
0:07:57 > 0:08:00What about my sad tears?
0:08:00 > 0:08:02Wow! They look different again,
0:08:02 > 0:08:04they've got very beautiful crystals, amazing!
0:08:04 > 0:08:07Now, these are emotional tears, they're a different kind of tear.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10They're produced in response to stress
0:08:10 > 0:08:13and they contain a high level of a natural painkiller
0:08:13 > 0:08:14called leucine enkephalin.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17Now time for the final tears.
0:08:17 > 0:08:18Xand's pain tears.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21Look at that! These are also emotional tears,
0:08:21 > 0:08:23but they look different again
0:08:23 > 0:08:26because they also have a different combination of salt, enzymes,
0:08:26 > 0:08:27and antibodies in them.
0:08:27 > 0:08:29So in these four samples,
0:08:29 > 0:08:31we've got two different kinds of tears,
0:08:31 > 0:08:33reflex tears and emotional tears,
0:08:33 > 0:08:36but all of them actually look different.
0:08:36 > 0:08:37Which just goes to show
0:08:37 > 0:08:40how incredibly fine-tuned your tears really are.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43So, we've shown that your tears flow over your eyes
0:08:43 > 0:08:47and are drained through a hole into your nose!
0:08:47 > 0:08:49And we've shown you not all your tears are the same,
0:08:49 > 0:08:51they're made up of different chemicals
0:08:51 > 0:08:53to protect your eyes in different ways.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56HE SNORES Hmmm.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59I wonder if Chris's pain tears are the same as mine?
0:09:00 > 0:09:03Ooh! That's a nice big nose hair!
0:09:03 > 0:09:05Maybe I'll get it for him!
0:09:05 > 0:09:07He'll be thankful.
0:09:09 > 0:09:11Ow! Who did that?
0:09:12 > 0:09:14Xand!
0:09:18 > 0:09:21We're both Ouch And About.
0:09:21 > 0:09:23I'm hitting the wards with my Ouch bleeper.
0:09:24 > 0:09:26That can be really serious.
0:09:26 > 0:09:30And I'm hitting the streets to answer your medical mysteries.
0:09:30 > 0:09:31Awesome!
0:09:31 > 0:09:34Chris has had his first call.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36It's from Grace who's had a heart operation.
0:09:37 > 0:09:38Hold on a second, Grace!
0:09:38 > 0:09:42There you are! I got your bleep, what's the question?
0:09:42 > 0:09:44What is my pacemaker for?
0:09:44 > 0:09:46What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:09:46 > 0:09:48So it sounds to me like you have a case of
0:09:48 > 0:09:51"I want to know what my pacemaker is for-itis."
0:09:51 > 0:09:53We need your finger on the pulse for this one.
0:09:53 > 0:09:55You've had recent heart surgery, is that true?
0:09:55 > 0:09:59- Yes.- Can you show us the little scar that you've got?
0:09:59 > 0:10:02And the pacemaker in your heart is damaged, isn't it?
0:10:02 > 0:10:03- Yeah.- It's called a pacemaker
0:10:03 > 0:10:05because it makes the pace of the heart,
0:10:05 > 0:10:09it's what sends an electrical signal, a bit like a clock,
0:10:09 > 0:10:10telling the heart when to beat.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13Cos your heart's lost its natural pacemaker,
0:10:13 > 0:10:16you've been fitted with an external pulse generator.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18So this sends an electrical pulse
0:10:18 > 0:10:23through these four blue wires and these go inside Grace's body,
0:10:23 > 0:10:26inside her heart and they send an electrical signal
0:10:26 > 0:10:27telling it when to beat.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29It's pretty cool, isn't it?
0:10:29 > 0:10:32This isn't very convenient, so what some very clever engineers have done
0:10:32 > 0:10:36is shrunk this down to something even smaller than my bleeper.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38So the doctors will do another operation
0:10:38 > 0:10:41to put a tiny version under Grace's skin.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44Just about here, at the front of her shoulder.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46I think you have earned a sticker.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48There we go. It was a pleasure answering your questions.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51- I'll see you soon, OK? Bye!- Bye!
0:10:52 > 0:10:54Meanwhile, I'm out on the street
0:10:54 > 0:10:57and picking up the pace to answer your questions.
0:10:57 > 0:10:59- Dr Xand!- Hello.
0:11:02 > 0:11:05The reason that fizzy drinks are bad for you is because
0:11:05 > 0:11:07a lot of them contain a lot of sugar.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09And fizzy drinks don't make you full.
0:11:09 > 0:11:11So if you drink a fizzy drink, you get loads of sugar,
0:11:11 > 0:11:14loads of calories, but you still feel hungry
0:11:14 > 0:11:16and then you'll go and eat a big load of fish and chips
0:11:16 > 0:11:18and that can make you put on weight.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20That isn't healthy.
0:11:20 > 0:11:22But there are fizzy drinks that don't have sugar in
0:11:22 > 0:11:25and those are fine. And the good thing about fizzy drinks
0:11:25 > 0:11:27is they really make you burp.
0:11:27 > 0:11:28HE BURPS
0:11:28 > 0:11:30Will, can you burp that well?
0:11:30 > 0:11:31Yes!
0:11:31 > 0:11:34HE ROARS OUT A HUGE BURP Aaaargh!
0:11:34 > 0:11:36What a roaring success!
0:11:36 > 0:11:38THAT deserves a sticker.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42Back in hospital I've got another call.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44All right, where is he? It's from James,
0:11:44 > 0:11:45who's had a kidney operation.
0:11:45 > 0:11:47James, I got here as quick as I could.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50- Apparently you've got a question for me.- Why did my kidney get blocked?
0:11:50 > 0:11:52Why did your kidney get blocked?
0:11:52 > 0:11:53That is a tough question.
0:11:53 > 0:11:56Did the doctors use any words that might give me a clue?
0:11:56 > 0:11:58They said I had a stricture.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:12:00 > 0:12:02So it sounds to me, James, that you have a case of
0:12:02 > 0:12:04"I want to know why my kidneys got blocked
0:12:04 > 0:12:06"and then the doctors said that
0:12:06 > 0:12:07"I had a stricture-itis."
0:12:07 > 0:12:08It's a tongue twister!
0:12:08 > 0:12:12You had a thing called a ureteropelvic stricture.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14- Can you say that?- No.
0:12:14 > 0:12:15I mean, nor could I, really.
0:12:15 > 0:12:17So James, you've got two kidneys.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21They're at your back, either side and out of those kidneys come tubes
0:12:21 > 0:12:23called ureters that drain urine
0:12:23 > 0:12:25from the kidneys into the bladder.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27When the bladder's full, that's when you need to go for a wee.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30But on your left side, that tube got blocked
0:12:30 > 0:12:32because it had a thing called a stricture
0:12:32 > 0:12:34which is a tightening in the tube
0:12:34 > 0:12:36that drains the urine from the bladder.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38When that got blocked, your kidneys swelled up
0:12:38 > 0:12:42and was really, really painful. So what did the doctors do?
0:12:42 > 0:12:44- Operation. - They gave you an operation.
0:12:44 > 0:12:48So the doctors put a tube inside the ureter to keep it open
0:12:48 > 0:12:50and that little tube's called a stent.
0:12:50 > 0:12:53And now the urine can drain freely from the ureter into the bladder
0:12:53 > 0:12:56- and you're not in pain any more, are you?- Nope.- You're all better.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58So James, would you like a sticker?
0:12:58 > 0:12:59- Yes.- There you go.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03- Great to see you, bye!- Bye!
0:13:03 > 0:13:06Job done for today, clinic closed.
0:13:10 > 0:13:11Back in the emergency department,
0:13:11 > 0:13:14Callum is seeing a specialist to fix his teeth.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16Let's find out how they do it!
0:13:16 > 0:13:18TEETH CHATTER
0:13:19 > 0:13:22Earlier, Callum came in to the emergency department
0:13:22 > 0:13:24with a cut lip and bent front teeth.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27Now, that's what you call a tooth ache!
0:13:27 > 0:13:28Callum was at the skate park.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31But he's not got a helmet or pads on.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34Nope. But he was doing his best-ever move and it all went wrong.
0:13:35 > 0:13:37Ouch!
0:13:37 > 0:13:39Callum's front teeth are so skewiff
0:13:39 > 0:13:42that he's been referred to a teeth and jaw specialist.
0:13:42 > 0:13:44Meet Dr Shinal Desai.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47She's got the know-how about gnashers.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50Dr Shinal starts by totally numbing the whole area
0:13:50 > 0:13:51so he can't feel any pain.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54I'm going to put the jelly onto your gums here, OK?
0:13:54 > 0:13:57The jelly is an anaesthetic gel.
0:13:57 > 0:14:02And this is what we doctors call the Dracula look!
0:14:02 > 0:14:04Mwah-ha-ha-ha!
0:14:04 > 0:14:06Jodie finds it funny too!
0:14:06 > 0:14:09Once the gel has numbed Callum's gums,
0:14:09 > 0:14:12Dr Shinal can give him an injection with a stronger anaesthetic.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16Unfortunately, this makes Callum's lip swell even more.
0:14:16 > 0:14:18How do you think your lip looks?
0:14:18 > 0:14:20- Big.- Big?
0:14:20 > 0:14:22I'm not sure that quite covers it.
0:14:22 > 0:14:25- Massive.- Yes, massive, that's more like it.
0:14:25 > 0:14:29Now everything's numb, Dr Shinal can get to work.
0:14:29 > 0:14:31Callum has two stitches in his lip.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Those two front teeth are pulled into line.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36I think that looks much better.
0:14:36 > 0:14:39And a temporary brace fitted for extra support.
0:14:39 > 0:14:41Dr Shinal cuts a metal splint to size
0:14:41 > 0:14:44and will attach it to the teeth with glue.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47Do I have a volunteer to help me to do the light?
0:14:47 > 0:14:50- I'll do it.- Callum's sister Jodie shines a blue light
0:14:50 > 0:14:52which activates the glue and sets it.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54Almost done, a little bit more on this side.
0:14:54 > 0:14:56All done. Good work, Jodie!
0:14:57 > 0:14:58What do you think, Callum?
0:14:58 > 0:15:02- My lip's big.- Don't worry, it'll heal in no time.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04Bye!
0:15:04 > 0:15:06Still to come...
0:15:06 > 0:15:08Xand's got a new friend.
0:15:08 > 0:15:10I like a bit of a dance at the end of the day.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13And Rose and Bob are in A&E.
0:15:13 > 0:15:14My name is Bob.
0:15:16 > 0:15:17But first...
0:15:17 > 0:15:22Amazing people do lots of important jobs inside and outside hospitals
0:15:22 > 0:15:24that help to keep you safe.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26But what will happen when we have a go?
0:15:26 > 0:15:28I feel a bit silly.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30This is Operation Takeover.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33Can you guess who today's heroes are?
0:15:33 > 0:15:34Well, I'll give you a clue.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37They often use one of these.
0:15:37 > 0:15:40- Are they professional hula-hoopers? - Erm, no!
0:15:42 > 0:15:46Did you guess it? We are about to take over the job of today's hero,
0:15:46 > 0:15:48lifeboat crew member Keith.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53Keith is the boss on board the Southport lifeboat.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57He's one of 40,000 specially trained volunteers in the UK
0:15:57 > 0:16:00- who save anyone in trouble at sea. - Let's go, Keith!
0:16:04 > 0:16:06Whoooo!
0:16:09 > 0:16:12This is not an easy job, but there are a few perks.
0:16:12 > 0:16:14I'm about three feet away from a dolphin.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18Look at that. Wow!
0:16:20 > 0:16:22That is amazing.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25Unlike dolphins, humans aren't always great in water.
0:16:26 > 0:16:28Keith, what kind of medical emergencies
0:16:28 > 0:16:30do you get out here, then?
0:16:30 > 0:16:33Boating accidents, where the boats are sinking and capsizing,
0:16:33 > 0:16:36so it's hypothermia if anybody has fallen in.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38Hypothermia is a dangerous condition
0:16:38 > 0:16:41where someone's body temperature drops too low.
0:16:41 > 0:16:45It's a huge problem if someone's stuck in cold water.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48We get them on board, as quickly as we can,
0:16:48 > 0:16:50we will try to prevent the condition worsening
0:16:50 > 0:16:52and then our main aim is to get them emergency help
0:16:52 > 0:16:53as quickly as possible.
0:16:54 > 0:16:56To get ready for our challenge,
0:16:56 > 0:17:00we need some training on how to save a person in the water.
0:17:00 > 0:17:02The exercise starts with a dummy going overboard.
0:17:02 > 0:17:06- This bit doesn't feel very doctor-ish, does it?- No.
0:17:06 > 0:17:09From the moment someone is spotted in the water...
0:17:09 > 0:17:11- BOTH:- Man overboard, starboard side!
0:17:11 > 0:17:14..every crew member points to the casualty.
0:17:14 > 0:17:18So the idea is that we point so that we don't lose the casualty position.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21I have to say, I have just lost it, hang on. Where is he? There, OK.
0:17:21 > 0:17:22Concentrate, Xand.
0:17:22 > 0:17:25Keith then expertly manoeuvres the lifeboat
0:17:25 > 0:17:29so the casualty can be pulled on board, ready to treat any injury.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32Hello, can you hear me? It's the lifeboat.
0:17:32 > 0:17:34Finally, it's time to head back to shore.
0:17:36 > 0:17:37Hang on a minute!
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Where's Xand?
0:17:42 > 0:17:43Man overboard!
0:17:43 > 0:17:45This is very embarrassing.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48You have to hold on. As you can tell,
0:17:48 > 0:17:50it's very easy to have an accident at sea.
0:17:50 > 0:17:52Sorry!
0:17:52 > 0:17:54The lifeboat crew have an absolutely vital job.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58It's time for us to head back to shore
0:17:58 > 0:18:00and take over as lifeboat crew.
0:18:00 > 0:18:02What's our challenge?
0:18:02 > 0:18:04Mini Xand is going to be marooned in his boat
0:18:04 > 0:18:06over the other side of the pond.
0:18:06 > 0:18:09What?! Mini Xand is marooned?
0:18:09 > 0:18:10Chris, what will we do?
0:18:10 > 0:18:12We're going to use our training, Xand.
0:18:12 > 0:18:15We will launch the lifeboat,
0:18:15 > 0:18:18navigate through the treacherous waters,
0:18:18 > 0:18:20pass between the buoy and the jagged rocks
0:18:20 > 0:18:25- and finally safely manoeuvre the lifeboat next to mini Xand.- Phew!
0:18:25 > 0:18:26We are going to judge you on three things.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29We are going to have the safety of your boat and crew,
0:18:29 > 0:18:31the speed and the safety of the casualty.
0:18:31 > 0:18:33Chris, you're up first.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35I'm using a rigid inflatable boat,
0:18:35 > 0:18:39it's the Halmatic Artic 24.
0:18:39 > 0:18:40I just call mine Donna.
0:18:42 > 0:18:43Are you ready, Chris?
0:18:43 > 0:18:47- Ready.- Three, two, one, go.
0:18:47 > 0:18:49It's a good launch.
0:18:49 > 0:18:54- Good speed.- Oh, excellent navigation through the dangerous waters.
0:18:54 > 0:18:58Nicely done. Old Mini Xand probably doesn't even have a boating licence,
0:18:58 > 0:19:01you know? He hasn't been maintaining that boat.
0:19:01 > 0:19:02He's exactly like Xand.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05- Cheeky!- Right, he's approaching the casualty now.
0:19:05 > 0:19:08OK, slow down, slow down now.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11Slow down! Slo-o-o-o-ow!
0:19:11 > 0:19:14A bit of damage to the propellers, there, I think.
0:19:14 > 0:19:16At least I could...administer first aid
0:19:16 > 0:19:20while perhaps someone else comes and rescues me.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23Let's see if you can do any better, Xand.
0:19:23 > 0:19:26Three, two, one, go.
0:19:26 > 0:19:27OK.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30Good launch, quickly away.
0:19:30 > 0:19:35- Come on!- Seems a little bit slower perhaps approaching the buoy.
0:19:37 > 0:19:39Where are you going, Xand?
0:19:39 > 0:19:40Oh, hang on, hang on.
0:19:40 > 0:19:44Come back! Watch out for those rocks.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46Here we go now. I'm on track.
0:19:46 > 0:19:47Don't worry, Mini Xand.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49I'm coming to get you!
0:19:49 > 0:19:51Not any time soon, by the looks of it.
0:19:51 > 0:19:53Good direction for the approach,
0:19:53 > 0:19:55let's see how he manages the casualty.
0:19:55 > 0:19:56I'm almost there.
0:19:56 > 0:19:58- You've hit him!- Oops.
0:20:00 > 0:20:03- And again.- Rescued!
0:20:03 > 0:20:04Yes!
0:20:04 > 0:20:05It was only a bump.
0:20:05 > 0:20:07I think I've got this one in the bag.
0:20:07 > 0:20:08You need to think again.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10Keith, what's the verdict?
0:20:11 > 0:20:15Safety of the crew, Chris was slightly ahead there.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17Xand clipped the rocks on the far side.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20In the entire pond, there is only one rock.
0:20:20 > 0:20:22Secondly, safety of the casualty.
0:20:22 > 0:20:24Xand, you hit Mini Xand.
0:20:24 > 0:20:27Well, I must've been quicker than you, Chris.
0:20:27 > 0:20:29Xand, unfortunately you were slower.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31So, I have to give it to Chris.
0:20:31 > 0:20:33Yes!
0:20:33 > 0:20:34In your face.
0:20:34 > 0:20:37Well, I may have won, Xand, but what we've mainly seen today
0:20:37 > 0:20:41is just how important and difficult the work of the lifeboat really is.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44And I think it's definitely best left to the professionals.
0:20:44 > 0:20:46Keith, we're going to give you our hats back
0:20:46 > 0:20:48and you will definitely want these little boats
0:20:48 > 0:20:50because Mini Xand has planned his summer holiday next year
0:20:50 > 0:20:53in Southport. You might have to rescue him again.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55Right, I'm going to go and buy him some sunscreen.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05Xand, what are you doing?
0:21:05 > 0:21:07I'm putting my facial muscles to the test
0:21:07 > 0:21:10by pulling as many facial expressions as possible.
0:21:12 > 0:21:14Well, you want to be careful. You know what they say, Xand,
0:21:14 > 0:21:17if the wind changes, you could be stuck like that.
0:21:17 > 0:21:19That, Chris, is just an old-fashioned expression.
0:21:27 > 0:21:28Time for Investigation Ouch.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36You don't just communicate with the people around you by talking.
0:21:36 > 0:21:41The majority of your feelings are revealed by your facial expressions.
0:21:41 > 0:21:43When you experience any emotion,
0:21:43 > 0:21:45it is involuntarily expressed on your face
0:21:45 > 0:21:49by changes in your 43 different facial muscles.
0:21:49 > 0:21:51Unbelievably, the human face
0:21:51 > 0:21:54can make over 10,000 expressions!
0:21:54 > 0:21:56We learn to read different facial expressions
0:21:56 > 0:21:59as early as when we're babies and if you look at these cards,
0:21:59 > 0:22:02it's easy to tell whether the person is happy,
0:22:02 > 0:22:06sad, surprised,
0:22:06 > 0:22:08angry or...
0:22:08 > 0:22:10Whoops. Didn't mean to include that one.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14- Thanks, Xand. - For the majority of people,
0:22:14 > 0:22:17working out how a person is feeling is second nature.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19See how quick this lot are.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21What do you think this man is feeling?
0:22:21 > 0:22:22- Happy.- Happy.
0:22:22 > 0:22:23I think happy.
0:22:23 > 0:22:25Spot-on, everyone.
0:22:25 > 0:22:26- What about this person?- Sad.
0:22:26 > 0:22:28- Sad.- Sad.
0:22:28 > 0:22:30Oh, they're brilliant at this.
0:22:30 > 0:22:34However, not everyone can suss out emotions this easily.
0:22:34 > 0:22:37Autism Spectrum Disorder or autism for short
0:22:37 > 0:22:39is a condition where people find it hard to communicate
0:22:39 > 0:22:43and one of the reasons why is that they can't understand
0:22:43 > 0:22:45different facial expressions.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48So, how does it feel when you have difficulty understanding
0:22:48 > 0:22:50other people's facial expressions?
0:22:50 > 0:22:52Well, to put it to the test,
0:22:52 > 0:22:55I've jumbled up my face to make a very odd expression.
0:22:55 > 0:22:56Let's see what happens.
0:22:56 > 0:22:59Erm...
0:22:59 > 0:23:01Confused or angry.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03Upset?
0:23:04 > 0:23:06- Weird.- Weird?
0:23:06 > 0:23:09Everyone was unable to work out what the expression meant
0:23:09 > 0:23:12and it left them feeling confused and frustrated.
0:23:12 > 0:23:16This is how people on the autism spectrum can feel a lot of the time.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19Fortunately, there's someone who might be able to help.
0:23:20 > 0:23:22Meet Zeno, he's a humanoid robot
0:23:22 > 0:23:24with a computer for a brain,
0:23:24 > 0:23:27but he's capable of pulling a range of facial expressions.
0:23:28 > 0:23:31We've come to a school which specialises
0:23:31 > 0:23:33in helping children with autism.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37Meet Dr Alyssa from the UCL Institute of Education.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40She is working on the DE-ENIGMA autism project
0:23:40 > 0:23:42and she is Zeno's BFF.
0:23:42 > 0:23:45We've been using Zeno with children with autism
0:23:45 > 0:23:49to help them start to learn about different facial expressions.
0:23:49 > 0:23:51And what facial expressions can Zeno pull?
0:23:51 > 0:23:54First one is his...
0:23:54 > 0:23:57happy face. He can also do a good sad face.
0:23:58 > 0:24:00And he can be angry.
0:24:02 > 0:24:03And he can be scared.
0:24:03 > 0:24:08Having a good understanding of the happy, sad, angry and scared,
0:24:08 > 0:24:11that's a really important tool for successful social interaction
0:24:11 > 0:24:13with other people in everyday life.
0:24:14 > 0:24:16Ta-dah!
0:24:16 > 0:24:19In working with the robot, children with autism like Kyren,
0:24:19 > 0:24:22Harry and Maxi can learn to understand different looks...
0:24:22 > 0:24:25- It's angry.- Sad face.
0:24:25 > 0:24:28..without the awkwardness of practising with a real person.
0:24:28 > 0:24:30Happy face.
0:24:30 > 0:24:33Unlike a human, Zeno doesn't get offended if you get it wrong.
0:24:33 > 0:24:35Yeah!
0:24:35 > 0:24:38And he doesn't mind doing the same look over and over.
0:24:38 > 0:24:40Practice makes perfect.
0:24:40 > 0:24:42Don't cry.
0:24:42 > 0:24:45And it's not all about recognising Zeno's expressions.
0:24:45 > 0:24:48These guys are learning to pull the faces themselves.
0:24:48 > 0:24:51Can you show me your scared face?
0:24:51 > 0:24:53Over time, this will help them know what to do
0:24:53 > 0:24:55when they're around people in daily life.
0:24:55 > 0:24:58The kids just really light up when they see Zeno,
0:24:58 > 0:24:59he's just kind of nice to be around.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01And he loves a party.
0:25:01 > 0:25:04What a dance. I like a bit of a dance at the end of the day!
0:25:10 > 0:25:13It's time to head back to the emergency department.
0:25:13 > 0:25:14HE SNORES
0:25:18 > 0:25:20Aaaaargh!
0:25:20 > 0:25:21Let's see who's turned up this time.
0:25:24 > 0:25:26Over in accident and emergency,
0:25:26 > 0:25:2912-year-old Rose has come in with her mum and dad.
0:25:29 > 0:25:31That's a big old bandage on that hand, Rose,
0:25:31 > 0:25:32what have you been up to?
0:25:32 > 0:25:35I was chopping cardboard with a craft knife
0:25:35 > 0:25:38and I chopped my hand instead.
0:25:38 > 0:25:39That's no laughing matter!
0:25:39 > 0:25:41How did it happen?
0:25:41 > 0:25:45Rose was in her craft room at home cutting cardboard.
0:25:45 > 0:25:47- What was she making? - She hadn't decided.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50She could make cardboard cut-outs of us.
0:25:50 > 0:25:52- Hi, Xand!- Hi, Chris!
0:25:52 > 0:25:56Hi, Rose! Uh-oh, Chris, she's cutting towards her hand.
0:25:56 > 0:25:58- I can't watch! - Always have a grown-up with you
0:25:58 > 0:26:01when you're using a dangerous tool.
0:26:01 > 0:26:03Yes, Chris, but Rose was on her own
0:26:03 > 0:26:05and her knife accidentally slipped,
0:26:05 > 0:26:07she cut her hand.
0:26:07 > 0:26:09Ouch!
0:26:09 > 0:26:10Nope, I'm good.
0:26:10 > 0:26:12I can feel my thumb.
0:26:12 > 0:26:13Well, that's a good start.
0:26:13 > 0:26:18Getting to grips with that painful paw is Dr Tom Smart.
0:26:18 > 0:26:20Let's have a look at it, shall we?
0:26:20 > 0:26:23So, the cut looks clean and not particularly deep.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25Probably put some steri strips on and some glue
0:26:25 > 0:26:26and just pop that back together.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29It looks really funny when I bend my thumb.
0:26:30 > 0:26:33- My name is Bob. - Nice to meet you, Bob.
0:26:33 > 0:26:35- You all right? - "I've had better days, Rose!"
0:26:35 > 0:26:36Shhh!
0:26:37 > 0:26:42Here comes clinical support worker Emma Arnold to mend Bob.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44I'm going to clean your hand first.
0:26:44 > 0:26:48Bob is saying "I'm clean enough," but Bob is not always right.
0:26:48 > 0:26:50He's going to get treated with steri strips.
0:26:50 > 0:26:52- I'm going to miss Bob. - Don't worry, Bob,
0:26:52 > 0:26:55we'll make sure Rose doesn't ever forget you.
0:26:55 > 0:26:57I'll always remember Bob.
0:26:57 > 0:26:59In five days, Bob will have healed.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03So, Rose, have you learned any lessons?
0:27:03 > 0:27:04Learned to say goodbye to Bob
0:27:04 > 0:27:08and Bob needs to say bye to me because he's not coming back.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11BOTH: Bye, Bob! Bye, Rose!
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Next time on Operation Ouch!...
0:27:17 > 0:27:19Yippee! I take the plunge.
0:27:21 > 0:27:23We say goodbye to our Ouch patients.
0:27:23 > 0:27:24Bye, everyone.
0:27:26 > 0:27:28And some of our old favourites are back!
0:27:28 > 0:27:30BOTH: Back to Earth!
0:27:31 > 0:27:34So we'll see you next time for more Operation Ouch!
0:27:37 > 0:27:40Oh, no, have we missed the end?
0:27:42 > 0:27:44Thought so.
0:27:44 > 0:27:45Ow!
0:27:45 > 0:27:49HE LAUGHS AND SHRIEKS
0:27:49 > 0:27:52Ow, ow, ow.
0:27:56 > 0:27:58Mercy. How much more threading do we need?
0:27:58 > 0:28:00Let's do the beard now.