0:00:02 > 0:00:05On Crime And Punishment, a crackdown on kerb crawling...
0:00:05 > 0:00:07A silver Citroen we're looking for.
0:00:07 > 0:00:10He's picked up a sex worker.
0:00:10 > 0:00:13And the eureka moment that released one man from jail
0:00:13 > 0:00:15and put another behind bars.
0:00:33 > 0:00:35Hello and welcome to Crime And Punishment,
0:00:35 > 0:00:39the show that explores the changes in policing and prisons
0:00:39 > 0:00:41throughout the Queen's reign.
0:00:41 > 0:00:43I'm here at Bristol Prison. Later on I'll be finding out
0:00:43 > 0:00:46how modern science is able to put men behind bars
0:00:46 > 0:00:49who committed crimes half a century ago.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52And I'm at Birmingham Central Police Station.
0:00:52 > 0:00:56Like all big cities, there's an ongoing concern with prostitution.
0:00:56 > 0:00:57It's a dangerous game.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Since 1990, more than 70 women have been killed
0:01:01 > 0:01:03working the streets of Britain.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05EERIE MUSIC
0:01:13 > 0:01:16There's nothing new about prostitution.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19Women have always sold their bodies.
0:01:19 > 0:01:24Throughout history, prostitutes have endured abuse and violence on a daily basis.
0:01:24 > 0:01:30Occasionally, this brutality reaches levels that attract the headlines.
0:01:32 > 0:01:36In the 19th century, Jack the Ripper brutally killed 11 prostitutes
0:01:36 > 0:01:38in the East End of London.
0:01:38 > 0:01:42In 1975, it was Peter Sutcliffe,
0:01:42 > 0:01:44who became known as the Yorkshire Ripper,
0:01:44 > 0:01:47when he began his terrifying murder spree.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50It ended six years later with 13 women dead,
0:01:50 > 0:01:52most of them prostitutes.
0:01:52 > 0:01:57And in 2006, the Ipswich murderer Steve Wright killed five women,
0:01:57 > 0:01:58all of them prostitutes.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02They're both serving life sentences.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04It's not against the law to be a prostitute,
0:02:04 > 0:02:07but the 1956 Sexual Offences Act
0:02:07 > 0:02:12made it an offence to solicit sex on the street or to kerb-crawl.
0:02:17 > 0:02:21There's no city in Britain that doesn't have its share of prostitutes.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24Residents of Walsall, six miles from the centre of Birmingham,
0:02:24 > 0:02:29have been complaining about sex workers on the streets for 20 years.
0:02:30 > 0:02:35Since Sergeant Richard Jacques started policing Walsall four years ago,
0:02:35 > 0:02:40he's been making life very uncomfortable for the men who use them.
0:02:40 > 0:02:44It tends to mirror all sections of society.
0:02:44 > 0:02:49We've stopped solicitors, barristers, unemployed people.
0:02:49 > 0:02:51It just seems strange to me
0:02:51 > 0:02:56that people will travel the distance to seek the services of a sex worker
0:02:56 > 0:02:58and run the risk of getting caught,
0:02:58 > 0:03:02because there's every chance you will get caught.
0:03:03 > 0:03:07Richard knows only too well the danger to the girls on the street.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10We have had attacks on sex workers,
0:03:10 > 0:03:13including rapes and some very serious assaults.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16The vast majority of the time, these go unreported.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21The sex workers themselves, the vast majority are drug users.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25It tends to be crack and or heroin.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28A more noticeable trend is also the use of alcohol.
0:03:28 > 0:03:31I don't think there's any girl out there
0:03:31 > 0:03:35that is loitering for the purpose of prostitution because they want to.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04So, why do they do it?
0:04:23 > 0:04:27Tracey Gibbs runs Hi's N Lows, a Walsall-based charity
0:04:27 > 0:04:30that aims to help addicts and sex workers.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34The girls live with varying degrees of violence.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36And in a lot of instances,
0:04:36 > 0:04:39the girls take risks that you just can't imagine
0:04:39 > 0:04:42because you or me wouldn't take those risks.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44However, they've got no choice.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46They've got to take the risks they take.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52Tonight in Walsall, Richard and his team
0:04:52 > 0:04:54target the kerb-crawlers who are roaming his patch.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57A call soon comes through.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00Richard's working with traffic cop Abbi Jones.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02A silver Citroen we're looking for.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05He's picked up a sex worker.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08Erm... So we've got the offence.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10POLICE RADIO
0:05:10 > 0:05:13Yes, we're not far away now. Are you happy for the stop?
0:05:13 > 0:05:16Plain-clothes officers watching the vehicle
0:05:16 > 0:05:18continuously feed information to Richard.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22The officer that picked the vehicle is going through an allotment area.
0:05:22 > 0:05:27We're just going to stop back a little bit to see where it goes.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31They need to keep the car in sight, but not to spook the driver.
0:05:31 > 0:05:32It's good information for us.
0:05:40 > 0:05:42Left, left, left, is it?
0:05:42 > 0:05:45Spin it round and we'll go for the strike, I think.
0:05:45 > 0:05:49They've got him. There's no escape for this kerb-crawler,
0:05:49 > 0:05:54but a successful arrest will depend on what they have to say for themselves.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56CAR HORN BEEPS
0:06:02 > 0:06:06Blood spots, fibres and hair were the microscopic clues
0:06:06 > 0:06:09that led to the conviction of Gary Dobson and David Norris
0:06:09 > 0:06:11for the murder of Stephen Lawrence.
0:06:11 > 0:06:17The key pieces of evidence linked the killers to the murder using DNA technology.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20DNA, the unique code of genetic material that identifies us all,
0:06:20 > 0:06:23was only discovered in the mid '80s,
0:06:23 > 0:06:28but now its use has transformed crime scene investigations around the world.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32It's 1983. Leicestershire Police have found the body
0:06:32 > 0:06:35of missing 15-year-old Lynda Mann.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38She's been raped and murdered.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42Three years on, and another teenager from the same school, Dawn Ashworth,
0:06:42 > 0:06:45has been found murdered in a nearby village.
0:06:45 > 0:06:50Her father and the police suspect the killer of both girls lives in the community.
0:06:50 > 0:06:53I believe that whoever did it...
0:06:54 > 0:06:59..is living a double life.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03For them to be able to commit an act like that
0:07:03 > 0:07:06and then just carry on as normal,
0:07:06 > 0:07:09which they have done, apparently,
0:07:09 > 0:07:12there must be something wrong with them.
0:07:12 > 0:07:16A local man has confessed to killing Dawn Ashworth,
0:07:16 > 0:07:19but the police have no evidence to link him to either murder.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22They turn to science for an answer.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26It was a call out of the blue saying, "We've heard about DNA.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28"Could I possibly use this weird stuff
0:07:28 > 0:07:32"to look at a very serious local double-murder case,
0:07:32 > 0:07:36"involving two young schoolgirls, both raped and murdered?"
0:07:36 > 0:07:39They had semen evidence recovered from both victims
0:07:39 > 0:07:42and a young man who confessed to one of the two murders.
0:07:42 > 0:07:46The police were pretty sure that whoever committed the second murder,
0:07:46 > 0:07:49in other words, the man who confessed, also committed the first.
0:07:49 > 0:07:54They requested I look at the forensic evidence using DNA,
0:07:54 > 0:07:57confirm the guilt with respect to the second murder
0:07:57 > 0:08:00and see if I could tie this person into the first murder, as well.
0:08:00 > 0:08:04DNA profiling was a new science in 1986.
0:08:04 > 0:08:09Alec Jeffreys and his team had pioneered a way of identifying a unique genetic fingerprint
0:08:09 > 0:08:12from blood and bodily fluids.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14They are patterns obtained on x-ray film.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18These patterns look rather like a barcode.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21The pattern consists of a series of bands or stripes,
0:08:21 > 0:08:24each band or stripe being a genetic character.
0:08:24 > 0:08:29The pattern is extremely variable from one person to the next.
0:08:29 > 0:08:34The pattern is completely individual-specific, with the sole exception of identical twins.
0:08:34 > 0:08:38They, and only they, have the same DNA fingerprint.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41Also, rather usefully, and unlike ordinary fingerprints,
0:08:41 > 0:08:44these DNA fingerprints are inherited in a very simple fashion.
0:08:46 > 0:08:49Back then, Alec Jeffreys had no idea
0:08:49 > 0:08:53his breakthrough would revolutionise crime detection.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58Nobody had ever tackled a murder investigation using DNA,
0:08:58 > 0:09:02so I took it on with very considerable caution.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05Alec Jeffreys' results surprised everyone
0:09:05 > 0:09:09and on paper, they're clear to see.
0:09:09 > 0:09:12This DNA profile is from the first victim, her DNA,
0:09:12 > 0:09:17and two additional bands here, that's the profile from the semen of the assailant.
0:09:17 > 0:09:20DNA profile from the second victim.
0:09:20 > 0:09:24And then trace semen samples, recovered from that second victim,
0:09:24 > 0:09:27showing a very faint two-band profile.
0:09:27 > 0:09:29Not much DNA. Faint profile.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33But that profile is very similar to the profile of semen from the first victim.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35The police were right in their suspicion.
0:09:35 > 0:09:40The same man had almost certainly raped and murdered both of these girls.
0:09:40 > 0:09:45This is the DNA profile from the young man who confessed to the second murder.
0:09:45 > 0:09:49A complete and utter mismatch to the semen profile seen from both of the victims.
0:09:49 > 0:09:55The result was conclusive. The lead suspect, Richard Buckland, was not the killer.
0:09:55 > 0:09:59DNA had saved him from a life behind bars.
0:09:59 > 0:10:03It was a serious blow to the police, who genuinely thought they had their man.
0:10:03 > 0:10:07I remember when I phoned the police with the first result.
0:10:07 > 0:10:12Their reaction was decidedly Anglo-Saxon, and understandably.
0:10:12 > 0:10:17The investigation may have stalled, but the police still believed the murderer was a local man.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21They decided to trust in the new DNA technology for their next move.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24They then asked voluntarily for blood samples
0:10:24 > 0:10:29from all men aged between 17 and 35 in the local community.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31It was over 5,000 people.
0:10:31 > 0:10:35Virtually the whole lot came forward and volunteered a blood sample.
0:10:35 > 0:10:38Of course, the last few,
0:10:38 > 0:10:41the social pressure on them was considerable to come forward.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45The upshot of that was, they couldn't find the perpetrator.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48The investigation was the talk of the community
0:10:48 > 0:10:50but the murderer still hadn't been found.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53What they didn't know was that the killer was local.
0:10:53 > 0:10:57He lived in a neighbouring village and worked in a bakery in Leicester.
0:10:57 > 0:11:02He'd managed to evade the police investigation with a simple yet clever ruse.
0:11:02 > 0:11:05It turned out that the perpetrator, Colin Pitchfork,
0:11:05 > 0:11:09had persuaded a colleague of his to switch blood samples.
0:11:09 > 0:11:11So Pitchfork almost got away with it.
0:11:11 > 0:11:16It was only when someone overheard a conversation in a pub
0:11:16 > 0:11:17describing this deception
0:11:17 > 0:11:21and reported back to the police, that the case broke open.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25Colin Pitchfork was charged with the murder in September 1987.
0:11:25 > 0:11:30He pleaded guilty to both murders and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
0:11:30 > 0:11:35His conviction was the first in the world to rely on DNA evidence.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39DNA profiling, within a year, had become the gold-standard technology.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41It went right the way round the world.
0:11:41 > 0:11:46The FBI and the New Zealand Police were implementing it,
0:11:46 > 0:11:50the Royal Canadian Mounted Police were getting the technology up and running.
0:11:50 > 0:11:55I've no idea how many people have been DNA-profiled worldwide.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58It's definitely more than 30 million.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00I would guess probably nearer 50 million.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03So the impact of DNA has been absolutely dramatic
0:12:03 > 0:12:06to an extent that I would never have predicted.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10It's been very exciting. Quite a roller-coaster ride.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16Michelle, we're in this cell because what we're about to discuss
0:12:16 > 0:12:20is quite sensitive within the prison.
0:12:20 > 0:12:23There is an ageing population now behind the bars.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25Why is that?
0:12:25 > 0:12:28I think it's all down to DNA.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31We have historic cases now,
0:12:31 > 0:12:37meaning that the crimes were committed 20, 25 years ago,
0:12:37 > 0:12:38and with the help of DNA,
0:12:38 > 0:12:44we can prove that these prisoners are guilty of such crimes as rape.
0:12:44 > 0:12:48So some people think they've got away with a crime
0:12:48 > 0:12:51that they committed 20 to 25 years ago.
0:12:51 > 0:12:55They're told that they're guilty and they're put into prison.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58What reaction do you get from them?
0:12:58 > 0:13:04I would say that most of them are either in complete denial,
0:13:04 > 0:13:08they've also thought that they've got away with this crime,
0:13:08 > 0:13:13and there would be a majority that have forgotten the crime
0:13:13 > 0:13:14due to their age.
0:13:14 > 0:13:18You've got illnesses of senility, so you know...
0:13:18 > 0:13:23I know of only one that I dealt with that actually said to me,
0:13:23 > 0:13:26"I've always waited for this to come back and bite me."
0:13:26 > 0:13:31- Really?- All the others I have dealt with are denying it.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33They've never said they're guilty.
0:13:33 > 0:13:37And which prison are they in? Do they share a wing with everyone else?
0:13:37 > 0:13:41I know it's a bit like a revolving door here, prisoners come in and go out.
0:13:41 > 0:13:46Do they share the same cells or wings as maybe an 18, 19 year old?
0:13:46 > 0:13:52Yes. The wing itself will house 18 year olds and upwards.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55This is another thing that's quite daunting for them,
0:13:55 > 0:14:01because an 18-year-old boy or man is quite loud,
0:14:01 > 0:14:06and we're dealing with anything between 65 and 80.
0:14:06 > 0:14:08We've an 80 year old.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12I mean, if they're guilty, then they come to prison.
0:14:12 > 0:14:15To mix those two is quite hard,
0:14:15 > 0:14:18so they're all housed in what we call a Safer Custody Unit.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21- Do you have children yourself?- Yes.
0:14:21 > 0:14:25How do you deal with that? How do you deal with these people
0:14:25 > 0:14:29who have maybe offended with young children?
0:14:29 > 0:14:32- How do you deal with that yourself? - Well...
0:14:32 > 0:14:35In most cases, I never look to see what a prisoner's in for.
0:14:35 > 0:14:39Obviously, if it's a big case, you can't help it.
0:14:39 > 0:14:43But my job is looking after the prisoner when they're in prison
0:14:43 > 0:14:46and making sure that we support them
0:14:46 > 0:14:51and help them with their sentence.
0:14:51 > 0:14:54So I try to do that to the best I can.
0:14:54 > 0:14:59And you've done your job so well that you are a past National Prison Officer of the Year?
0:14:59 > 0:15:03- That's right, yes. - What did you win the award for?
0:15:03 > 0:15:08For helping elderly prisoners that come in for the first time
0:15:08 > 0:15:12and trying to initiate them into prison life.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19In Bristol, the police, probation and prison authorities
0:15:19 > 0:15:21have pioneered a new approach to crime
0:15:21 > 0:15:25which is transforming the lives of the city's residents.
0:15:25 > 0:15:28We need to clarify things. Because you made off from the vehicle,
0:15:28 > 0:15:31- I suspect you stole it.- I haven't!
0:15:31 > 0:15:33I'm arresting you on suspicion of theft,
0:15:33 > 0:15:36failing to stop at a road traffic accident,
0:15:36 > 0:15:39- and suspicion of money laundering. - It's £500.
0:15:39 > 0:15:44This is for us to speak to you in interview and find out where this money's from.
0:15:44 > 0:15:50The crackdown on crime begins on the streets around Bristol Prison.
0:15:50 > 0:15:52One of the main aims of this approach
0:15:52 > 0:15:56is to stop phone and drug trafficking into the prison.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02Traffic cops, unmarked vehicles,
0:16:02 > 0:16:06stop-and-search specialists and dog and drug sensor teams
0:16:06 > 0:16:12have combined with prison officers to arrest any individuals who may be part of the problem.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15Today is about telling everybody and showing all our cards -
0:16:15 > 0:16:17"This is what we're going to throw at you."
0:16:17 > 0:16:22Today's operation is part of a large scheme called "IMPACT".
0:16:22 > 0:16:27And that's exactly what it's been doing to the criminal fraternity - hitting them hard.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30We will go home tonight, and the Prison Service will go home,
0:16:30 > 0:16:35with the certainty that no drugs or phones have been taken into prison.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38This man was chased by the Traffic Unit.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41He crashed his car and then fled on foot.
0:16:41 > 0:16:43Is there any drugs in the vehicle?
0:16:43 > 0:16:45- I don't smoke. I play football! - That's good.
0:16:45 > 0:16:50As he ran, the man had chance to offload any illicit items.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52He denies any dealings with drugs,
0:16:52 > 0:16:57but Troy's highly sensitive nose will soon see if he's telling the truth.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59TROY BARKS
0:16:59 > 0:17:02- Have you got any drugs on you at the moment?- No.
0:17:02 > 0:17:04The dog just said you have.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06Troy has found him out.
0:17:07 > 0:17:10Although arrests are happening on the street,
0:17:10 > 0:17:13this operation is all about the prison.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16If we're not stopping drugs in prison,
0:17:16 > 0:17:19what that means is, when the offenders come back out,
0:17:19 > 0:17:21having been rehabilitated,
0:17:21 > 0:17:24they go back to a life of crime. That cannot be right.
0:17:24 > 0:17:28By working closely with the prison, sharing intelligence,
0:17:28 > 0:17:32we create an environment where rehabilitation can start
0:17:32 > 0:17:35and when they come out, they stand a chance of being crime-free.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39I've got a drugs marker going past Cambridge Road, inbound.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42Pulling out from the left is an unmarked police car.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46It's now in a position to stop this Nissan safely.
0:17:46 > 0:17:50Hi. Do you want to just step out the vehicle, please?
0:17:50 > 0:17:52The occupants and their car are searched.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55Even the steering wheel is swabbed for any trace.
0:17:55 > 0:18:00The red in here indicates that it's detected drugs.
0:18:00 > 0:18:05On this one here, it's detected THC, which is levels of cannabis.
0:18:05 > 0:18:09He'll be taken to the station under the Misuse of Drugs Act.
0:18:09 > 0:18:13On the concourse to the prison itself, visitors are searched.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16Once inside, there's another line of defence
0:18:16 > 0:18:19with hand-swabbing and more sniffer dogs.
0:18:20 > 0:18:23IMPACT was set up three years ago to reduce crime
0:18:23 > 0:18:26by breaking the cycle of reoffending.
0:18:26 > 0:18:31All the agencies focus their resources together onto prolific criminals,
0:18:31 > 0:18:34whether they're in prison or back in the community.
0:18:34 > 0:18:37The offenders are given a lot of help to go straight,
0:18:37 > 0:18:40but if they show signs of reverting to crime,
0:18:40 > 0:18:42they're faced with the full force of the law.
0:18:42 > 0:18:46The scheme is credited with impressive results.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49In the last two years, burglary alone has dropped by a third.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52Later, we'll be out with the police again
0:18:52 > 0:18:55to see how they manage to prevent ex-prisoners from reoffending.
0:18:59 > 0:19:01Back to the streets of Walsall now,
0:19:01 > 0:19:03where girls as young as 15
0:19:03 > 0:19:05are regularly going out as prostitutes.
0:19:08 > 0:19:12Richard Jacques and his team are about to pounce on a kerb-crawler
0:19:12 > 0:19:14who's picked up a sex worker.
0:19:14 > 0:19:19They've pulled into a quiet lane, completely unaware that they've got company.
0:19:19 > 0:19:23- How are you doing? Just come into our vehicle.- No problem, mate.
0:19:23 > 0:19:25HE SPEAKS INTO RADIO
0:19:25 > 0:19:29Whilst Abbi deals with the kerb- crawler, Richard talks to the girl.
0:19:29 > 0:19:31What's the sketch with this?
0:19:31 > 0:19:34When was the last time you were arrested?
0:19:34 > 0:19:38OK. What was the agreement? What did he offer you?
0:19:41 > 0:19:44OK. What did he want?
0:19:44 > 0:19:47I know, but I'm asking. What did he want? Have you seen him before?
0:19:48 > 0:19:50You took a risk, didn't you?
0:19:50 > 0:19:52Is there any drugs in the car?
0:19:52 > 0:19:55I didn't say you. Don't worry. Don't get upset.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58The girl gives Richard all the information he needs.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00She's a known sex worker.
0:20:00 > 0:20:03Very shortly, he'll be arrested.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05She understands what she's done.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08This gent will understand what he's done.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10He's sat in the back of our car.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13Very shortly, he'll understand he's made a really big mistake tonight.
0:20:13 > 0:20:17Back at his own car, Richard is about to make it crystal clear to him.
0:20:17 > 0:20:21The other thing for yourself to think about is,
0:20:21 > 0:20:25do you think she's here, doing what she's doing, because she wants to?!
0:20:28 > 0:20:32Police officers search his car for any drugs or weapons.
0:20:33 > 0:20:38These days, technology allows the police to run checks on anyone they stop,
0:20:38 > 0:20:41and when Abbi runs this man's name through the system,
0:20:41 > 0:20:45it turns up even more bad news for our kerb-crawler.
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- He's only got a provisional licence, which has expired anyway.- Oh, dear.
0:20:49 > 0:20:53They've got something to speak to you about.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55I'll make sure you get the paperwork.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58Just to let you know, this gent is about to be arrested.
0:20:58 > 0:21:02He hasn't got a full substantive licence for his vehicle.
0:21:02 > 0:21:06He's not driving with L-plates, thus, his insurance will be void,
0:21:06 > 0:21:09so his vehicle will be seized, as well.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11A bad night for him.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14He's going to be walking home.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16His car will be taken to the pound
0:21:16 > 0:21:19and he will be bailed to attend Walsall Police Station.
0:21:19 > 0:21:24The sex worker has also been bailed. She'll be charged with soliciting.
0:21:24 > 0:21:28She's come to no harm this time, but tomorrow could be a different story.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31I don't say for one minute that he is a particular risk.
0:21:31 > 0:21:34There's nothing within the vehicle that indicates that.
0:21:34 > 0:21:37However, what I can't say is,
0:21:37 > 0:21:41the next person could have a knife, the next person could beat her.
0:21:41 > 0:21:44Why people choose to take that risk, I can't understand it.
0:21:44 > 0:21:46Please don't do it.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49But the operation is not over yet.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53While they wait for the recovery truck, another call comes in.
0:21:53 > 0:21:57The car cruising the red-light district has gone up a dead end.
0:21:57 > 0:22:04The officer's having a look to see if he picks up the known sex worker.
0:22:04 > 0:22:07The likelihood is that he'll drive some distance away
0:22:07 > 0:22:10and wait for her to walk towards the vehicle.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14We'll see later if Richard Jacques' patience pays off.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21It's 7am in Bristol.
0:22:21 > 0:22:26PC Danny Toogood is preparing his vehicle for a series of raids on ex-prisoners
0:22:26 > 0:22:28who are suspected of reoffending.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31We make sure the cars have got door-entry kit,
0:22:31 > 0:22:33door-ram ladders for getting in through windows
0:22:33 > 0:22:36so we can save money without forcing a door.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39We've got a snapper and a hydraulic system, as well,
0:22:39 > 0:22:43should we come up against anything, like UPVC doors.
0:22:46 > 0:22:51He's working in a focus team that is part of a countrywide scheme called IMPACT,
0:22:51 > 0:22:55designed to manage the rehabilitation of prolific criminals.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57We're off to an address in Fishponds.
0:22:57 > 0:23:01There's a young lady who is an IMPACT-managed offender.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04She's got previous convictions for burglary, robbery.
0:23:04 > 0:23:07The court decided they would give her a tag to curfew.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09In her infinite wisdom,
0:23:09 > 0:23:13she felt that to comply with that curfew wasn't an option,
0:23:13 > 0:23:18so we're going to lock her up for breaching her bail conditions.
0:23:20 > 0:23:23We've got someone looking, so fingers crossed.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26It's the police! Open the door!
0:23:26 > 0:23:28If an ex-prisoner's on the scheme,
0:23:28 > 0:23:32he or she is monitored by all the agencies.
0:23:32 > 0:23:37Morning. You're under arrest for breaching your tag curfew.
0:23:37 > 0:23:42Police, probation, prison, housing, health, employment and volunteer sectors
0:23:42 > 0:23:45all know how the offender is behaving.
0:23:45 > 0:23:49If the offender has failed to attend an appointment,
0:23:49 > 0:23:50within ten minutes, we know
0:23:50 > 0:23:54and my colleagues will be out looking for them
0:23:54 > 0:23:59and nudging them back on the pathways they need to pursue to rehabilitate themselves.
0:23:59 > 0:24:02Danny's team have got their first catch of the day.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05They are the stick in a carrot-and-stick approach.
0:24:05 > 0:24:10Offenders are given help with their issues, such as drugs rehab, housing or employment,
0:24:10 > 0:24:14but the minute they veer back into crime, the police are onto them.
0:24:14 > 0:24:16We're off to an address in Easton.
0:24:16 > 0:24:19This chap is a red-IMPACT offender,
0:24:19 > 0:24:21heavily committing crime at the minute.
0:24:21 > 0:24:25He's currently wanted for burglary, where property has been taken
0:24:25 > 0:24:27and he's been forensically linked.
0:24:27 > 0:24:30We're going to pay him a visit and give him the good news.
0:24:30 > 0:24:32OFFICERS BANG ON DOOR
0:24:34 > 0:24:37Wakey-wakey! Police! Open the door!
0:24:38 > 0:24:40Many offenders that commit these types of crime
0:24:40 > 0:24:43receive very short sentences.
0:24:43 > 0:24:45They come out of prison
0:24:45 > 0:24:49no better equipped to manage in the community than before.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52In fact, if anything, there's a likelihood they come out
0:24:52 > 0:24:56feeling possibly more resentful towards society.
0:24:56 > 0:25:00So we're releasing people into the community who are very likely,
0:25:00 > 0:25:03and all the statistics show, to commit further offences.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06Police! Open the door because it's going to go in!
0:25:06 > 0:25:10- BANGING - We will force entry!
0:25:11 > 0:25:14- Stand clear of the door! - THUDDING
0:25:14 > 0:25:16Good work.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19What we can do is actually work with those offenders
0:25:19 > 0:25:21both during their sentence and on release
0:25:21 > 0:25:24to ensure that when they come out,
0:25:24 > 0:25:28they are coming out into as stable an environment as we can create with them
0:25:28 > 0:25:32and address those issues that are likely to lead them into offending.
0:25:32 > 0:25:34Hiding under the bed!
0:25:36 > 0:25:40- Car over the road. - Car over the road, please.
0:25:40 > 0:25:44Being on the IMPACT scheme is no soft option for a criminal.
0:25:44 > 0:25:48One of the reasons it's so effective - there's nowhere for them to hide.
0:25:48 > 0:25:50We have that offender in view all the time,
0:25:50 > 0:25:54whether they're in prison, the community, the police station
0:25:54 > 0:25:56and all agencies have that information.
0:25:56 > 0:26:02So the moment they stray out of line, life becomes uncomfortable and almost claustrophobic.
0:26:02 > 0:26:06Our experience is that some offenders give up their offending
0:26:06 > 0:26:10because of the sheer relentlessness of how they're managed.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14Nathan has spent 15 years in and out of prison.
0:26:14 > 0:26:18He's due for release again, but this time as part of IMPACT.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21We'll see later what happens.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25WHISTLE BLOWS In the 1950s,
0:26:25 > 0:26:28a whistle was the only way a copper could raise the alarm.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31Things have changed a lot. Gary, are you all right?
0:26:31 > 0:26:33- You're ready to go, aren't you?- Yes.
0:26:33 > 0:26:38If you see something happening, what's the first thing you do?
0:26:38 > 0:26:42Speak on the radio and tell the control room what you can see.
0:26:42 > 0:26:45- And they can talk to you through your earpiece.- Yes.
0:26:45 > 0:26:48- People won't hear what's said. - It keeps it confidential.
0:26:48 > 0:26:51Run us through the kit. It's pretty sophisticated.
0:26:51 > 0:26:54You've got your radio, stab vest,
0:26:54 > 0:26:58which protects me if anybody comes at me with a sharp article,
0:26:58 > 0:27:02you've got your handcuffs, which everybody knows about,
0:27:02 > 0:27:06- a Casco, which is... - What we would've called a truncheon.
0:27:06 > 0:27:09- It would've been a truncheon, yes, years ago.- Right!
0:27:09 > 0:27:13- A first-aid kit, CS spray.- Yes.
0:27:13 > 0:27:17Erm, torch, in case you go into anything that's really dark,
0:27:17 > 0:27:22and obviously your boots and hat. There's quite a lot to carry.
0:27:22 > 0:27:24- What's the most useful piece of kit? - My pen.
0:27:24 > 0:27:28- What, for simply writing things down? - Yes.- That's brilliant. Thanks. - No problem.
0:27:28 > 0:27:31Let's go back to the police now in Walsall,
0:27:31 > 0:27:34who are cracking down on kerb-crawling.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39Sergeant Richard Jacques is heading towards a car
0:27:39 > 0:27:42whose driver has just picked up a known sex worker.
0:27:42 > 0:27:47They've been spotted by one of his team, who radios the information through.
0:27:47 > 0:27:49They must be careful not to alert him.
0:27:49 > 0:27:51We're going to give the gent a bit of space,
0:27:51 > 0:27:54see if he gets some more courage up.
0:27:54 > 0:27:59If they see a police car, they may abort what they're doing.
0:27:59 > 0:28:02But this guy's not been put off.
0:28:02 > 0:28:06"The vehicle's pulled into Morrisons' car park, possibly the cash point."
0:28:06 > 0:28:09That's interesting. We'll let it run.
0:28:09 > 0:28:12He's maybe getting money for what he's trying to do.
0:28:12 > 0:28:16What's happened is, we see this quite a lot,
0:28:16 > 0:28:20the vehicle, that has a sex worker with it now,
0:28:20 > 0:28:22has gone to a cash point.
0:28:22 > 0:28:25Erm... It quite often does this.
0:28:25 > 0:28:27Sometimes there's a negotiation in terms of price
0:28:27 > 0:28:30and the gent might not have enough on him.
0:28:30 > 0:28:33So we're suspecting that's what's happened.
0:28:41 > 0:28:43He's coming in! He's coming in!
0:28:43 > 0:28:46- "..into the car park opposite Morrisons."- He's there.
0:28:46 > 0:28:49They've just come out. Right, lights off.
0:28:49 > 0:28:51RADIO COMMS
0:28:51 > 0:28:54If they'd stopped where they was, I'd have got him. He's pulling up.
0:28:57 > 0:29:01He's pulling up for sex now. There we go.
0:29:03 > 0:29:04Always a minute.
0:29:06 > 0:29:08It's a go-go.
0:29:10 > 0:29:13Where have you gone? Sneaky. Sneaky.
0:29:15 > 0:29:18Got to be. Come on, where are you?!
0:29:18 > 0:29:20Sneaky-beaky.
0:29:20 > 0:29:22That'll do.
0:29:23 > 0:29:26- DIALOGUE BLEEPED - Dear, oh, dear.
0:29:26 > 0:29:30- Hello, mate. How are you doing? - Hello.- All right?- I'm fine.
0:29:30 > 0:29:32What are you doing here?
0:29:32 > 0:29:35Well, we was, er, in the middle of, er, kissing.
0:29:35 > 0:29:38Kissing. OK. Just take your keys out your vehicle.
0:29:38 > 0:29:41- If you want to come out - - GIRL: Can I get dressed first?
0:29:41 > 0:29:44- Why do you need to get dressed? - Because he's...
0:29:44 > 0:29:48Because your trousers are off. OK. If you come out...
0:29:48 > 0:29:50Out you come, then, mate.
0:29:52 > 0:29:57Just have a sit in the back of our vehicle. Just have a sit down.
0:29:57 > 0:30:00He's actually a familiar face to us, so, er,
0:30:00 > 0:30:03I can almost certainly say this will end in arrest.
0:30:03 > 0:30:06We'll just see if he's got anything in the vehicle that shouldn't be.
0:30:07 > 0:30:11I'm just going to search the boot and his belongings,
0:30:11 > 0:30:14just to check that there's nothing of interest to ourselves
0:30:14 > 0:30:18in relation to drugs or any other...
0:30:22 > 0:30:24The 19-year-old woman in the car
0:30:24 > 0:30:27has been a sex worker since she was 15.
0:30:27 > 0:30:29To them, it's a job.
0:30:29 > 0:30:31It's a way of earning the money they need
0:30:31 > 0:30:33to be able to live and survive.
0:30:33 > 0:30:36It's quite often the only thing they know.
0:30:36 > 0:30:40For a lot of the girls, they've been victims of abuse in their early years
0:30:40 > 0:30:43or they've grew up experiencing abuse.
0:30:43 > 0:30:46So for them, it's just normal.
0:30:48 > 0:30:51Tracey's charity, Hi's N Lows,
0:30:51 > 0:30:55will take care of this young woman so she's safe for the night.
0:30:55 > 0:30:58But it could've been a completely different story.
0:30:58 > 0:31:01The man she was with has a criminal record
0:31:01 > 0:31:04and is already on the Sex Offenders Register.
0:31:04 > 0:31:06For now, he's been arrested and bailed.
0:31:09 > 0:31:11Are you using the motorway or the A roads?
0:31:11 > 0:31:14- Er, the A roads. - You're using the A roads.
0:31:14 > 0:31:20OK, we'll make sure you get safely out of the, er, area.
0:31:20 > 0:31:23- It's not a good place to come to, Walsall, is it?- No.
0:31:23 > 0:31:25If you're going to break the law,
0:31:25 > 0:31:28- it's not a good place to break the law in.- No.
0:31:30 > 0:31:33You have broken the law and we've witnessed it.
0:31:33 > 0:31:37You might think it's acceptable. I don't think it is.
0:31:40 > 0:31:43OK. Please leave Walsall as quick as you can.
0:31:43 > 0:31:46Do not come back, other than to answer your bail.
0:31:53 > 0:31:56It's a great stop in terms of we've managed to, er,
0:31:56 > 0:32:02get to that girl before any more, what I say is a form of abuse.
0:32:02 > 0:32:05It's a young person. She doesn't want to be out working.
0:32:05 > 0:32:09She's forced into working due to a drug habit.
0:32:09 > 0:32:12I do honestly believe that she's vulnerable
0:32:12 > 0:32:17and it's nice that we're able to offer her some form of support with our partner agencies.
0:32:20 > 0:32:23The kerb-crawler gives him more cause for concern.
0:32:23 > 0:32:27We will look at the possibility of trying to have his current order
0:32:27 > 0:32:29to see if there's any variations
0:32:29 > 0:32:34to keep him out of the red-light district of Walsall.
0:32:34 > 0:32:38Unfortunately for him, I know him, my team knows him,
0:32:38 > 0:32:41and I'll do everything I possibly can
0:32:41 > 0:32:43to try and keep him out of this area.
0:32:43 > 0:32:47"Sorry, you're not welcome within the Borough of Walsall."
0:32:50 > 0:32:53So 25 years after the Yorkshire Ripper struck,
0:32:53 > 0:32:56kerb-crawlers are still causing problems for the police.
0:32:56 > 0:32:58With better communication,
0:32:58 > 0:33:01their chances of catching and controlling them are much improved.
0:33:01 > 0:33:05For the girls who put themselves at risk to earn money on the streets,
0:33:05 > 0:33:07life is not much better.
0:33:07 > 0:33:09Without punters, there wouldn't be girls.
0:33:09 > 0:33:12It's just a really awkward situation.
0:33:12 > 0:33:15The punters are not all bad, they can't possibly be all bad,
0:33:15 > 0:33:19but, however, a lot of them are.
0:33:19 > 0:33:22They don't get - well, who does -
0:33:22 > 0:33:25what it's like to be heroin dependent,
0:33:25 > 0:33:27that the girls are doing this because they've no choice.
0:33:27 > 0:33:30Their bodies are telling them they need heroin
0:33:30 > 0:33:33and they've got to go out and get the money.
0:33:40 > 0:33:45In jails like Bristol, prisoners are always rewarded for good behaviour.
0:33:45 > 0:33:47Early parole, more visits,
0:33:47 > 0:33:52or working in a privileged area like the kitchen or laundry are all up for grabs.
0:33:52 > 0:33:57And as Fletcher found out in the 1970s sitcom Porridge, it's all about trust.
0:34:04 > 0:34:07All right, Fletcher, don't let me catch you thieving.
0:34:07 > 0:34:10- I won't.- You won't what?
0:34:10 > 0:34:12I won't let you catch me, Mr Mackay.
0:34:14 > 0:34:19Classic stuff! Working in the kitchen is also one of the top jobs here in Bristol.
0:34:19 > 0:34:22Louise has been down there.
0:34:22 > 0:34:25- Hello, Mark! You're in charge here, aren't you?- Yes.
0:34:25 > 0:34:28Tell us a bit about this kitchen. It's very large, isn't it?
0:34:28 > 0:34:30Yes, it's a big kitchen.
0:34:30 > 0:34:33It serves a lot of meals, so it's got to be of a certain size.
0:34:33 > 0:34:36It's quite old, by Prison Service standards,
0:34:36 > 0:34:38but it serves a purpose.
0:34:38 > 0:34:41We usually produce 1,900 meals a day.
0:34:41 > 0:34:45Which is an enormous amount. Who helps you?
0:34:45 > 0:34:48- We have 36 prisoners working.- Yes.
0:34:48 > 0:34:52That's usually managed by three members of staff.
0:34:52 > 0:34:54The kind of things we produce,
0:34:54 > 0:34:57today we've got a sauce for the vegetables
0:34:57 > 0:35:00and a Szechuan sauce for pork balls.
0:35:00 > 0:35:04It's for a Chinese-themed meal we're doing for Chinese New Year.
0:35:04 > 0:35:07How much does it cost you to feed somebody each day?
0:35:07 > 0:35:12I work on a budget of £2.03 per day and that's for three meals,
0:35:12 > 0:35:15bread, tea, coffee, sugar, everything that goes in their mouth.
0:35:16 > 0:35:20- Hi there, Phil.- Hi, Louise. - You teach the cooking here.- I do.
0:35:20 > 0:35:24- Or oversee it.- I oversee all these wonderful students.
0:35:24 > 0:35:27- Two of them here, Adie and David. - Indeed.
0:35:27 > 0:35:32When people first come to you, how much do they know about food?
0:35:32 > 0:35:35I'd say the majority, very little.
0:35:35 > 0:35:38We've got a horticulture here where we grow our own stuff.
0:35:38 > 0:35:40So celery, for instance,
0:35:40 > 0:35:43no-one really knows what they are when you pull them out the ground.
0:35:43 > 0:35:45Radishes...
0:35:45 > 0:35:48- So it's really difficult - - You're going right back to basics.
0:35:48 > 0:35:52- And they don't shop like we do, as such.- OK.
0:35:52 > 0:35:54So we make all our own stuff.
0:35:54 > 0:35:57These guys are starting their NVQs.
0:35:57 > 0:36:01Adie, what do you like about working in the kitchen?
0:36:01 > 0:36:04It's a good job to have. I've learnt a lot of stuff.
0:36:04 > 0:36:09Like, I knew little bits about cooking, but not a lot.
0:36:09 > 0:36:14But now, and also, like, because I work in the storage,
0:36:14 > 0:36:17I'm managing food and stuff for the inmates
0:36:17 > 0:36:19and it gives me something to get out to.
0:36:19 > 0:36:23When I get out, I'll have more qualities.
0:36:23 > 0:36:26And that's a responsible job, to look after all the stock.
0:36:26 > 0:36:31- How are you coping with that? - It's all right. I'm in with another lad. We get on all right.
0:36:31 > 0:36:34We make sure everything's done by the end of the day.
0:36:34 > 0:36:36But it's OK.
0:36:36 > 0:36:41What about you, David? What did you eat before you used to work in this kitchen?
0:36:41 > 0:36:46- Burgers and chips, I suppose.- Right. - So it's learnt me quite a lot.
0:36:46 > 0:36:49You made your own pastry today. What have you learnt?
0:36:49 > 0:36:52We've done a quiche, a meringue,
0:36:52 > 0:36:55we've done a pie, some pork pies, as well.
0:36:55 > 0:37:00I wouldn't have done none of this before. It's perfect.
0:37:00 > 0:37:02Enjoyable, as well.
0:37:02 > 0:37:06- Is it important for you to have a job like this within the prison?- Yes.
0:37:06 > 0:37:09When you get back out, I want to work again,
0:37:09 > 0:37:12so it's give me... it's put me in good stead.
0:37:12 > 0:37:17- Adie, how much do you get paid per week to do this?- £11 a week.
0:37:17 > 0:37:20- And you work every day, do you? - Yes, most days.
0:37:20 > 0:37:23What's your favourite thing to cook?
0:37:23 > 0:37:26I like cooking tuna pasta bake. I enjoy that.
0:37:26 > 0:37:30- And you, David?- I enjoy the quiches. - There they are, they look beautiful.
0:37:30 > 0:37:33- Thank you very much.- ALL: Thank you.
0:37:36 > 0:37:40Today we've been with police, probation and prison officers
0:37:40 > 0:37:43as they target known criminals to stop them reoffending.
0:37:43 > 0:37:47The path to the straight and narrow begins the moment they leave prison,
0:37:47 > 0:37:49as Nathan is about to find out.
0:37:52 > 0:37:56It's the last day of Nathan's latest stint on C-Wing.
0:37:56 > 0:38:01Prisoners who have a drug addiction are placed here to help them with their rehabilitation.
0:38:01 > 0:38:05I started on drugs when I was about 14,
0:38:05 > 0:38:07smoking cannabis in school and that.
0:38:07 > 0:38:09Outside of school...
0:38:09 > 0:38:14Then, round about 15, 16,
0:38:14 > 0:38:19me and all me mates started dabbling in the class-A drugs, heroin.
0:38:19 > 0:38:22Er, before I knew it, it got out of hand really.
0:38:22 > 0:38:26It started stealing off me mum, me family and all that.
0:38:26 > 0:38:30It just started a downhill spiral from there really.
0:38:30 > 0:38:34As a perpetual criminal, who's been in and out of prison many times,
0:38:34 > 0:38:38Nathan is a perfect candidate for the IMPACT scheme.
0:38:38 > 0:38:42When a prisoner comes out of the prison,
0:38:42 > 0:38:44they come out with very little money.
0:38:44 > 0:38:47They often lose their accommodation.
0:38:47 > 0:38:50People in accommodation prior to their sentence
0:38:50 > 0:38:52are homeless on release.
0:38:52 > 0:38:56And it's very difficult for an ex-prisoner to find employment.
0:38:56 > 0:39:00So somebody's starting in a very poor position.
0:39:00 > 0:39:03What we know from the people we deal with in IMPACT,
0:39:03 > 0:39:06often they would rather be in prison than in the community.
0:39:06 > 0:39:10They commit offences so that they can go back into prison.
0:39:10 > 0:39:11So what we need to ensure
0:39:11 > 0:39:16is that people are being given all the right supports,
0:39:16 > 0:39:19but also constraints, when they come out of prison
0:39:19 > 0:39:23in order to start living a law-abiding life.
0:39:23 > 0:39:26If the first day back out for a prisoner goes well,
0:39:26 > 0:39:30they stand a better chance of staying away from crime in the weeks and months ahead.
0:39:30 > 0:39:34Even at the gates, some prisoners have made the wrong choice
0:39:34 > 0:39:36and headed straight for their dealer.
0:39:36 > 0:39:39PC Rob has arrived to meet Nathan.
0:39:39 > 0:39:42He and Senior Prison Officer Peter Withers
0:39:42 > 0:39:45will make sure Nathan gets to his new accommodation.
0:39:45 > 0:39:48- You know what's happening, don't you?- Yes.
0:39:48 > 0:39:51- How's things? - Sound. Looking forward to it.- Good.
0:39:51 > 0:39:54Well, the plan's quite simple.
0:39:54 > 0:39:58We've managed to get accommodation with the Addiction Recovery Agency.
0:39:58 > 0:40:01We'll take you to their head office. They will do an assessment.
0:40:01 > 0:40:04- How are you feeling? - I'm feeling all right.
0:40:04 > 0:40:07I'm a bit apprehensive about it all, but...
0:40:07 > 0:40:11- Well, you look well. - Well, I've put a lot of weight on.
0:40:11 > 0:40:13- Happy to engage with IMPACT? - Of course.
0:40:13 > 0:40:16- You know what it's about?- Yes. - Let's do it. Good.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19Prisoners often lose contact with their families
0:40:19 > 0:40:23and IMPACT will work hard to mend fences.
0:40:25 > 0:40:30They all know it's me, but it breaks my heart.
0:40:30 > 0:40:33It gets me upset just thinking about it when I'm off drugs.
0:40:33 > 0:40:35When I'm on drugs, I don't care.
0:40:35 > 0:40:39- You don't think about it. - I don't care for anyone but myself.
0:40:39 > 0:40:41- Two different people, aren't you? - Yes.
0:40:41 > 0:40:46Nathan's been given a good opportunity to start a law-abiding life.
0:40:46 > 0:40:48If he shows any signs of going back to crime,
0:40:48 > 0:40:51the authorities will come down on him hard.
0:40:51 > 0:40:53What we know is that our workers
0:40:53 > 0:40:58actually reduced crime in Bristol to a great extent
0:40:58 > 0:41:01and that's what really matters.
0:41:01 > 0:41:04I'm a bit worried, obviously, because I don't want to go back.
0:41:04 > 0:41:08I want to go forward. I'm 30 years of age, so...
0:41:08 > 0:41:11I'm looking forward of getting out and cracking on with it
0:41:11 > 0:41:13and hoping for the best.
0:41:13 > 0:41:16A month on and Nathan is doing well.
0:41:16 > 0:41:20He's kept out of trouble and is still taking part in the IMPACT scheme.
0:41:22 > 0:41:26That's it from Crime And Punishment. We'll see you next time.
0:41:26 > 0:41:30Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd