:00:10. > :00:14.how it is meant to help the economy. The Bank of England electronically
:00:14. > :00:19.creates new money and passes that to commercial banks and other
:00:19. > :00:23.institutions. In return, they had over financial assets to the bank.
:00:23. > :00:27.The institutions spend the money on things like shares, property and
:00:27. > :00:32.funding companies, which helps to create jobs. That in theory helps
:00:32. > :00:36.to stimulate growth. We have seen a seismic shift in the Bank of
:00:36. > :00:39.England today from the minutes. One month ago it looked like they would
:00:39. > :00:44.not do any more quantitative easing, putting more money into the economy
:00:44. > :00:47.to kick-start it. But today, it looks like they are more willing.
:00:47. > :00:50.Whatever they do, the only alternative is for the government
:00:50. > :00:55.to open its cheque book. The Chancellor is under pressure to
:00:56. > :01:00.come up with new policies. One idea is borrowing more money short-term
:01:00. > :01:04.to boost the economy. That argument is heard around Westminster. But
:01:04. > :01:08.the problem is that may not go down well in the city and other
:01:08. > :01:11.financial markets. The Chancellor may be diluting the deficit
:01:11. > :01:15.reduction plan and that will cause concern and make it more expensive
:01:15. > :01:20.for the government to borrow. So it is a dilemma for the Chancellor as
:01:20. > :01:25.he decides how to use the nation's credit-card with the long-term aim
:01:25. > :01:30.of bringing down debt. Two Americans who were held for
:01:30. > :01:40.more than two years in Iran and accused of spying have been freed.
:01:40. > :01:43.Shame -- Shane Bauer and Josh Fattal were freed. They insist they
:01:43. > :01:52.were hikers who acts suddenly crossed the border.
:01:52. > :01:58.Significant new reserves of Shell Gas have been found near Lancashire.
:01:58. > :02:01.-- shale gas. But the technique for extracting the gas is controversial.
:02:01. > :02:05.Environment groups say the process causes chemical pollution. But the
:02:05. > :02:09.company involved a says it will pose no threat.
:02:09. > :02:12.A British couple have been rescued from the depths of the Amazon
:02:13. > :02:18.rainforest, thanks to the help of coastguards who found them 6,000
:02:19. > :02:26.miles away. Several hours after the campervan fell into a ravine, they
:02:26. > :02:30.managed to contact relatives at home. The couple were travelling
:02:30. > :02:40.around Latin America for five years and tonight they spoke to the BBC.
:02:40. > :02:40.
:02:40. > :02:49.We are both OK. We are quite healthy, not injured, we went to
:02:49. > :02:55.the hospital and had X-rays. They were so kind. They picked us up by
:02:55. > :03:05.helicopter. A wonderful service. it possible for you to describe
:03:05. > :03:06.
:03:06. > :03:12.what the last 48 hours have been like? We passed overnight in the
:03:12. > :03:18.jungle. One or two areas look dicey. We came across this one bridge that
:03:18. > :03:28.looked perfect. As we started to cross it, it just crushed and went
:03:28. > :03:28.
:03:28. > :03:38.down into the ravine. It must have been terrifying? It was. But nobody
:03:38. > :03:44.
:03:44. > :03:48.was hurt. A couple of bruises, that's all. We then phoned Lesley's
:03:48. > :03:53.sister. They contacted the coastguards of England. I do not
:03:53. > :04:01.know what happened. But we got picked up by a military helicopter.
:04:01. > :04:10.A Marine helicopter. We are now honorary Marines. And Lesley, how
:04:10. > :04:16.are you? OK. We climbed out of a window and climbed up a ravine. We
:04:16. > :04:25.slept on the road. That was underneath a tarpaulin last night.
:04:25. > :04:35.But we are in a hotel now. We are relaxed and feel better. What has
:04:35. > :04:35.
:04:35. > :04:42.it been like, the last day or two? It has been very unpleasant. We
:04:42. > :04:45.have been living in the same clothes, we were not able to wash,
:04:45. > :04:55.we had drinks down in the trucks and we had to climb down the ravine
:04:55. > :04:58.
:04:58. > :05:03.to get them. That was exhausting. Sleeping last night was not present
:05:03. > :05:08.under the tarpaulin. We did not have much space and lots of weird
:05:08. > :05:13.noises. There are insects and things around. Your imagination
:05:13. > :05:20.tends to run riot if you are not careful. So we did not sleep very
:05:20. > :05:27.well. It is a hot city. We are both very sad about the vehicle. Are you
:05:27. > :05:32.feeling OK? Pardon? Are you feeling OK in yourself and physically, are
:05:32. > :05:42.you OK? Physically, to be perfectly honest, when we went off the bridge
:05:42. > :05:46.
:05:46. > :05:55.I thought that was it. And I was on the side that actually slid down.
:05:55. > :06:05.My window was open. But it is a very solid truck. I do not know how
:06:05. > :06:11.
:06:11. > :06:16.we managed to not sustain any injuries. There we are, they can
:06:16. > :06:21.still laugh about it. Now for a look at tomorrow's
:06:21. > :06:30.newspapers. This is inside the Times. The same story. They will
:06:30. > :06:35.delighted we have used this photograph of them. -- they will be
:06:35. > :06:39.delighted. This story is inevitably throughout the newspapers.
:06:39. > :06:44.Hospitals crippled by Private Finance Initiative schemes. An
:06:44. > :06:49.attack on Labour's funding. The Health Secretary suggesting many of
:06:49. > :06:56.the trusts that are paying the private companies for the buildings
:06:56. > :07:02.they built a close to being crippled. And on a similar theme,
:07:02. > :07:05.New Labour spending. There will perhaps be formally scrapping that
:07:05. > :07:11.scheme but we all thought it was scrapped already.
:07:11. > :07:16.New nurses not having the right skills.
:07:16. > :07:22.Nick Clegg's wife on some of the front pages.
:07:22. > :07:26.Murdoch executives told of hacking evidence in 2006, years before they
:07:26. > :07:31.originally said. And Julian Assange releasing an
:07:31. > :07:35.unauthorised autobiography. It may sound like a contradiction. He
:07:35. > :07:39.spoke to a ghost writer and had a contract. He decided he did not
:07:39. > :07:47.want the men was published but the publisher has gone away at -- gone
:07:47. > :07:53.ahead with it. A Freedom of Information story. The
:07:53. > :08:03.Financial Times is running with that for a couple of days.
:08:03. > :08:04.
:08:04. > :08:10.And finally, a story on two young boys participating in Kate fighting.
:08:10. > :08:14.Adults were then watching them. -- cage fighting. That is the
:08:14. > :08:21.morning's front pages. And now for morning's front pages. And now for
:08:21. > :08:26.The weather is warming up for the start of the weekend. Today is
:08:26. > :08:31.looking mainly dry with bright or sunny spells. Still heavy showers
:08:31. > :08:36.in the far west of Scotland. They will ease queueing today as will
:08:36. > :08:43.the winds. Shelter in eastern Scotland. -- he's doing it the day.
:08:43. > :08:49.Elsewhere, mainly dry with bright and sunny spells. It will cloud in
:08:49. > :08:52.Northern Ireland. Temperatures 16- 19 degrees. Possibly 20 degrees.
:08:52. > :08:57.Through Thursday evening, it will stay fine but through the north-
:08:57. > :09:01.west it will cloud over and there will be outbreaks of rain. The rain
:09:01. > :09:05.that will ease in Northern Ireland by the afternoon. But for many
:09:05. > :09:10.across England and Wales, in other dry day. Fairly sunny and
:09:10. > :09:20.temperatures up to the high teens and low 20s. Becoming even warm-up
:09:20. > :09:29.
:09:29. > :09:34.by Saturday. More details on our President Obama warns there will be
:09:34. > :09:38.no shortcut to peace. He says Palestinian demands must be heard.
:09:38. > :09:43.Dramatic activity is intensifying ahead of a Palestinian bid for full
:09:43. > :09:50.UN membership. Nicol and -- Nicolas Sarkozy called
:09:50. > :09:52.for a compromise. He warned a US veto will prompt a new cycle of
:09:52. > :09:58.violence. The Deputy Prime Minister Nick
:09:58. > :10:04.Clegg has given a sober assessment of the UK economy, ending the Lib
:10:04. > :10:09.Dem conference in Birmingham. He said being in government is not
:10:09. > :10:11.easy and described the party's U- turn on university fees as heart-
:10:11. > :10:17.wrenching. There has been a sharp rise in
:10:17. > :10:20.government borrowing. Almost �16 billion was borrowed last month, �2
:10:20. > :10:25.billion more than the year before. But the Treasury says overall
:10:25. > :10:30.borrowing is down. A convicted killer in the US, Troy
:10:30. > :10:34.Davis, was due to be executed half an hour ago. It is thought there
:10:34. > :10:44.has been a delay but no stay of execution despite several last
:10:44. > :10:48.
:10:48. > :10:51.Now it is time for HARDtalk. Should the British police be
:10:51. > :10:55.learning lessons from the crime fighting methods used on the mean
:10:55. > :10:59.streets of Los Angeles and New York City? British Prime Minister David
:10:59. > :11:02.Cameron evidently thinks so. For advice on fighting gang crime he's
:11:02. > :11:08.turned to Bill Bratton, the so- called supercop who dramatically
:11:08. > :11:12.cut crime in America's biggest cities. Bill Bratton was even
:11:12. > :11:22.mooted as a possible candidate to run London's metropolitan force.
:11:22. > :11:48.
:11:48. > :11:54.Can US-style policing work in the Bill Bratton, welcome to HARDtalk.
:11:54. > :12:02.You have 40 years of experience in policing. Are you firmly convinced
:12:02. > :12:06.that the ideas you have to offer have universal application? That
:12:06. > :12:09.they are as relevant in London as they are in New York City?
:12:09. > :12:14.certainly do. I have seen first- hand how some of those ideas have
:12:14. > :12:17.worked in other places around the world. How many ideas which were
:12:17. > :12:21.formulated in Britain have worked in my country. Picking up on that
:12:21. > :12:29.notion that they are applicable - what has David Cameron asked you to
:12:29. > :12:33.do? Very specifically to participate in a conference that is
:12:33. > :12:36.now being formed for the 12th of October and the 13th, to be held in
:12:36. > :12:39.London with several dozen experts from Great Britain, the United
:12:39. > :12:49.States and other places, to talk about gang violence, how to reduce
:12:49. > :12:53.
:12:53. > :12:58.it, and how to prevent it from happening. Your role has been
:12:58. > :13:04.characterised as an adviser. Would that be fair? Not so much an
:13:04. > :13:07.adviser to the Prime Minister himself, but to the Home Office.
:13:07. > :13:17.The Home Office, as you know in your country, is responsible for
:13:17. > :13:17.
:13:17. > :13:23.public safety. As people around the world are well aware - we have had
:13:23. > :13:26.a serious public order issue in recent weeks in the UK. In early
:13:26. > :13:29.August we saw dramatic and shocking scenes of violence on our streets.
:13:29. > :13:32.Have you spoken to Mr Cameron personally since those riots?
:13:32. > :13:41.briefly, at which time he extended the invitation to join the
:13:41. > :13:45.conference which is now on the calendar. Do you have any concern
:13:45. > :13:49.that the idea that you will come - you will participate in this
:13:49. > :13:52.conference, you will put your ideas into the mix - that has attracted
:13:52. > :14:02.some suspicion, indeed, irritation, from senior police officers in the
:14:02. > :14:02.
:14:02. > :14:09.United Kingdom? That is unfortunate. My relationship with my
:14:10. > :14:12.counterparts in the British police service is exemplary. I received my
:14:12. > :14:21.CBE from the British Queen for furthering relationships between my
:14:21. > :14:24.police service and British police services. I think that is
:14:24. > :14:32.unfortunate. We have been working closely together for many decades
:14:32. > :14:38.now. That relationship will move forward in a very co-operative
:14:38. > :14:42.manner. In a sense, that is my point. Relationships have been
:14:42. > :14:45.forged over many years, but one of those top cops, Sir Hugh Orde, said
:14:45. > :14:49.that the idea of reaching across the Atlantic for policing ideas was,
:14:49. > :14:52.to use his words, stupid. He told me on the programme the other day
:14:52. > :15:02.that the British model of policing is fundamentally different from the
:15:02. > :15:05.
:15:05. > :15:15.American one. He has his opinion and I have mine - I don't think
:15:15. > :15:24.
:15:24. > :15:27.there are significant differences. The goal of both police services is
:15:27. > :15:30.to reduce crime. I think in the United States, unfortunately,
:15:30. > :15:33.because of our history of gun- related violence, the violence we
:15:33. > :15:39.experience is, unfortunately for us, more significant than that which
:15:39. > :15:42.you experience in the British Isles. That is our failing. The majority
:15:42. > :15:50.of your police officers voluntarily and willingly go about their duties
:15:50. > :15:54.unarmed. A circumstance that could not be, unfortunately, tolerated in
:15:54. > :15:57.my country. I think we have more similarities than differences. I
:15:57. > :16:01.think we have a lot to learn from each other's experiences. In
:16:01. > :16:06.particular the issue of gangs. The issue which I have been asked to
:16:06. > :16:10.speak to. My successor in the LAPD has received an invitation as well.
:16:10. > :16:15.The idea is to share what we know in terms of what has worked and
:16:15. > :16:25.what has not worked. I think our experience with gangs is a much
:16:25. > :16:26.
:16:26. > :16:31.longer experience in terms of their history that we have. Isn't the
:16:31. > :16:41.point really about what has not worked? There are about 400 gangs
:16:41. > :16:43.in Los Angeles - many of them very heavily armed. The profound problem
:16:43. > :16:53.you have with that culture - you presenting a representative
:16:53. > :16:55.
:16:55. > :16:59.analysis in the UK - that is a bit of a stretch. Let's look at it in
:16:59. > :17:02.medical terms. Could you say that doctors in the British Isles would
:17:02. > :17:05.not want to talk to their colleagues about diseases that have
:17:05. > :17:10.similarities and understand how we are beginning to effectively deal
:17:10. > :17:14.with our disease which is more serious but has many similarities?
:17:14. > :17:19.Would you not want to talk with somebody who had 400 patients to
:17:19. > :17:28.work on? In my case, 400 gangs - rather than speaking with someone
:17:28. > :17:32.who has had no patients at all. I think you want to go where problems
:17:32. > :17:37.are more serious before they become more serious in your own domain to
:17:37. > :17:41.see how you might prevent those problems from becoming more serious.
:17:41. > :17:44.I think there is a lot to be shared. It just strikes me that your
:17:44. > :17:48.mindset might be rather different from those people at the top of
:17:48. > :17:51.policing in the UK. You were quoted - you watched the riots unfold on
:17:51. > :17:55.your television and you were quoted afterwards as saying of the English
:17:55. > :17:58.riots... "young people have been emboldened by cautious police
:17:58. > :18:06.tactics and lenient sentencing". Are you suggesting British police
:18:06. > :18:12.have got it wrong - that they are too soft? That is a decision you
:18:12. > :18:15.will have to make. In terms of the United States and the unfortunate
:18:15. > :18:19.experience we have had with our riots, in Los Angeles in the early
:18:19. > :18:25.1990s - that took in excess of 50 lives - a lot of gun-related
:18:25. > :18:33.violence. The circumstances I was commenting on was that there had
:18:33. > :18:37.been a delayed police response. No response to some of what was
:18:37. > :18:39.occurring in the early stages. That was a mistake there was made in Los
:18:39. > :18:45.Angeles in the 1990s that contributed significantly to that
:18:45. > :18:48.riot getting out of control. In policing you do not give up
:18:48. > :18:58.territory - as quickly as possible you begin with appropriate levels
:18:58. > :19:04.
:19:04. > :19:09.of force. You have talked about needing to apply "a doctrine of
:19:09. > :19:14.escalating force". You have also said that you would like the
:19:14. > :19:24.criminal element to fear the police. These are comments which Hugh Orde
:19:24. > :19:27.
:19:27. > :19:33.said... Successful policing is when the public do not fear the police.
:19:33. > :19:37.It is when the public trust the cops, not fear them.... The new
:19:37. > :19:40.head of the Metropolitan Police is using exactly my language - that
:19:40. > :19:43.the criminal element among the public need to be in fear, while
:19:43. > :19:53.the vast majority of the law abiding public need to respect and
:19:53. > :20:02.
:20:03. > :20:06.be respected by the police. We can mince words, if you want, but again,
:20:06. > :20:10.I would look to the leadership of the Metropolitan Police and his
:20:10. > :20:20.opening comments at the time of his appointment - he basically said the
:20:20. > :20:32.
:20:32. > :20:35.same thing I said. Criminals need to fear the police, not fear
:20:36. > :20:39.brutality or being abused but fear that if they violate a law, if they
:20:39. > :20:43.violate an ordnance that the police will, within their powers, do
:20:43. > :20:45.something to control that behaviour and change that behaviour. They
:20:45. > :20:47.will. Lawfully, compassionately and consistently. In rich
:20:47. > :20:51.neighbourhoods and poor neighbourhoods. But when you talk
:20:51. > :20:54.about having more arrows in the quiver, as you did - it points to
:20:54. > :20:58.your belief that the British police, who traditionally have not armed
:20:58. > :21:00.themselves, should use different kinds of weapons - whether that be
:21:00. > :21:10.rubber bullets, water cannon, tasers, or routinely arming
:21:10. > :21:14.
:21:14. > :21:17.themselves with guns. What do you think? I made no comment to that. I
:21:17. > :21:20.am very admiring of the British police services, particularly their
:21:20. > :21:23.rank and file who have consistently voted to not arm themselves,
:21:23. > :21:32.believing that in doing so they would escalate acts of criminality
:21:32. > :21:38.directed against them. They are to be very admired in that they choose
:21:38. > :21:41.to limit the weaponry that they carry and are equipped with.
:21:41. > :21:48.Decisions as to weaponry and non- lethal weapons - they are up to
:21:48. > :21:51.each individual police force, the same as in the United States. In my
:21:51. > :21:55.country, some police forces do not carry tasers, some will not used
:21:55. > :22:03.rubber bullets or water cannons. I have not advocated any type of
:22:03. > :22:09.weapon, nor would I. That is ultimately up to the British
:22:09. > :22:12.services themselves. They do have an obligation to protect the
:22:12. > :22:19.members of the force who put themselves in harm's way and to
:22:19. > :22:23.equip them appropriately to respond to forces directed against them. We
:22:23. > :22:26.do not expect a police officer who is confronted with a knife to not
:22:26. > :22:30.have a superior weapon to address that. That is why, unfortunately
:22:30. > :22:37.for you over the years, more and more of your police have been
:22:37. > :22:43.equipped with weaponry. I would like to discuss your record in New
:22:43. > :22:53.York and Los Angeles in a little bit. Your success in bringing down
:22:53. > :22:53.
:22:53. > :22:57.the crime rate has won you a lot of admirers around the world. I have
:22:57. > :23:00.mentioned the role you will play in this upcoming conference at the
:23:00. > :23:04.request of David Cameron. It is reported that David Cameron and
:23:04. > :23:07.those at Number Ten Downing Street wanted your name in the frame for
:23:07. > :23:11.the Metropolitan Chief Constable - the top policing job in the UK -
:23:11. > :23:15.running London's police service. Did they ask you to apply? He did
:23:15. > :23:24.not. I think there has been a lot of speculation, all stemming from a
:23:24. > :23:28.comment he made while addressing the Murdoch scandal. He said that
:23:28. > :23:32.now it might be an appropriate time to look beyond our shores in terms
:23:32. > :23:35.of expertise in police issues. I don't think he ever used my name.
:23:35. > :23:44.He and I have never had a conversation about the issue of
:23:44. > :23:47.leadership of the Metropolitan Would you have liked the job?
:23:47. > :23:51.have made it quite clear that if the position were open and
:23:51. > :23:54.available to outsiders such as myself that it would certainly be a
:23:54. > :23:56.position I would certainly entertain applying for. It is the
:23:56. > :24:00.most prestigious police position in the world of democratic policing
:24:00. > :24:02.because of the duality of its responsibilities - not only does it
:24:02. > :24:04.have local, City of London policing responsibilities, it has
:24:04. > :24:11.significant responsibility for national security, particularly
:24:11. > :24:20.against terrorism. I wonder what you made of it, when it was being
:24:20. > :24:24.discussed that you were a candidate. The Home Secretary seemed to think
:24:24. > :24:30.it was not a good idea and then said any candidate has to be a
:24:30. > :24:36.British resident. It was disappointing in that I would have
:24:36. > :24:44.liked the opportunity, certainly. I have spent most of my career in
:24:44. > :24:48.policing. Recent years, in the private sector and enjoying that
:24:48. > :24:52.but the temptation of London, a city that I love, a country that I
:24:52. > :24:56.love, a police service that I respect and is respected around the
:24:56. > :25:04.world, I would be lying, deceiving you if I were to profess that I
:25:04. > :25:14.would not have been interested. The decision, restricting it to British
:25:14. > :25:19.
:25:19. > :25:23.citizens, that is her responsibility. There was some
:25:23. > :25:29.discussion as to whether that was a requirement that it be a British
:25:29. > :25:36.citizen. It was never clarified in any of the news accounts I saw. In
:25:36. > :25:40.terms of the decision... I don't question that. It seems it takes an
:25:40. > :25:44.enormous amount of self confidence to think you could come into the
:25:44. > :25:48.city and learn the culture, the political environment. Clearly you
:25:48. > :25:58.are not short of self-confidence. am not short of self-confidence at
:25:58. > :25:58.
:25:58. > :26:05.all. Coming in to New York from Boston, to Los Angeles from New
:26:05. > :26:09.York - three very different cities, sets of issues, departments.
:26:09. > :26:19.idea of a challenge is something I respond to, I think I have
:26:19. > :26:26.
:26:26. > :26:29.responded to well. If I may But it's not likely to happen.
:26:29. > :26:33.know you still observe things closely. It strikes me that right
:26:33. > :26:36.now there is a challenge facing the British police force, England and
:26:36. > :26:39.Wales particularly - 20% cuts in funding for the police. 16,000
:26:39. > :26:43.police officers will lose their jobs. Surveys suggest that 86% of
:26:43. > :26:46.the police think it will have a damaging effect on levels of crime.
:26:46. > :26:50.From your experience in big city policing in the United States, if
:26:50. > :26:55.you cut the numbers you have a problem, don't you? You have a
:26:55. > :26:58.problem. We are experiencing that in the United States. In New Jersey
:26:58. > :27:05.they are going to lay off one-third of the police department, it was
:27:05. > :27:15.reported. In the city of New York the police force has been cut by
:27:15. > :27:18.
:27:18. > :27:22.7,000 police officers in the last seven, eight years. Crime continues
:27:22. > :27:25.to down in this city. In the city I just left two years ago, Los
:27:25. > :27:29.Angeles - we were able to increase the police force from 9,000 to
:27:29. > :27:39.10,000, as a result of cuts and budget assessment it is down
:27:39. > :27:41.
:27:41. > :27:45.another 10%. In 2002 there was a larger force and crime rate. There
:27:45. > :27:55.are fewer police officers on the street now because they are taking
:27:55. > :28:00.
:28:00. > :28:04.time off rather than overtime. The issues you are about to face in
:28:04. > :28:08.many instances are being phased in the United States. We are still
:28:08. > :28:15.benefiting from the residual impact of all that was led in the 1990s
:28:15. > :28:25.and the investment that was made in the 1990s. -- learned in the 1990s.
:28:25. > :28:30.
:28:30. > :28:34.We will wait to see if the cuts do have an impact. The country is much
:28:34. > :28:38.safer than the 1990s and in your country, if the cuts do occur - and
:28:38. > :28:41.cuts are always regrettable - you're going to have to face up to
:28:41. > :28:44.it. Face a crisis and the challenges. It is not just about
:28:44. > :28:48.cuts. The focus is on the government's determination to bring