Gods and Monsters: Homer's Odyssey

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0:00:11 > 0:00:15I'm in the Mediterranean on the trail of a legend.

0:00:16 > 0:00:20A warrior from Greece who triumphed at Troy.

0:00:23 > 0:00:26His name is Odysseus.

0:00:26 > 0:00:33And he's the hero of a 2500-year-old poem called the Odyssey.

0:00:38 > 0:00:41It's the diary of a lost man and a wandering soul.

0:00:41 > 0:00:45It describes a ten-year journey criss-crossing these oceans

0:00:45 > 0:00:47and pin-balling between islands.

0:00:49 > 0:00:52Told by our first author, Homer,

0:00:52 > 0:00:56the Odyssey has become a foundation stone of Western literature.

0:00:59 > 0:01:02But who is Odysseus?

0:01:02 > 0:01:04A brave hero, certainly.

0:01:04 > 0:01:06A brilliant, resourceful strategist,

0:01:06 > 0:01:09renowned for his cunning and his guile.

0:01:09 > 0:01:13But is he also a bit slippery and a bit devious?

0:01:13 > 0:01:17A bit of a show-off with medals and lovers to his name?

0:01:18 > 0:01:23I've come to Greece not just to follow his trail and tell his story,

0:01:23 > 0:01:25but to try and get inside his mind

0:01:25 > 0:01:28and to try and work out once and for all

0:01:28 > 0:01:30whether I really like him.

0:01:52 > 0:01:54Sing to me of the man, Muse,

0:01:54 > 0:01:57the man of twists and turns.

0:01:57 > 0:01:59Driven time and again off course,

0:01:59 > 0:02:04once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy.

0:02:10 > 0:02:15In the opening lines of the Odyssey, Homer introduces us to its hero.

0:02:15 > 0:02:18His name is Odysseus.

0:02:18 > 0:02:22And my journey begins in the place where he made his name.

0:02:22 > 0:02:25Troy.

0:02:25 > 0:02:30This is north-western Turkey and very nice it is, too.

0:02:30 > 0:02:33This body of water just over my shoulder here

0:02:33 > 0:02:35are the straits of the Dardanelles,

0:02:35 > 0:02:38a really important waterway through history.

0:02:38 > 0:02:42Over there is Europe and this side is Asia and it's always

0:02:42 > 0:02:47been described as a kind of cultural faultline dividing the two.

0:02:47 > 0:02:51It's dripping with history and legend, it's a place that I only

0:02:51 > 0:02:55thought really existed on a map and in books.

0:02:55 > 0:02:57But it's real and I'm here.

0:03:12 > 0:03:16Many believe these remains are those of the legendary city of Troy.

0:03:21 > 0:03:23Today it's just a pile of old stones.

0:03:26 > 0:03:30But 3,000 years ago, it would have looked very different.

0:03:40 > 0:03:45The Troy described by the poet Homer was a powerful city state.

0:03:45 > 0:03:49But then the Greeks came here to fight a famous war.

0:03:53 > 0:03:56For ten years they tried to smash through

0:03:56 > 0:03:58its impregnable walls.

0:03:59 > 0:04:02And for ten years, they failed.

0:04:04 > 0:04:08It's a bloody and grinding conflict

0:04:08 > 0:04:12finally brought to an end not by brawn but by brains,

0:04:12 > 0:04:14and in one of the best-known of all myths

0:04:14 > 0:04:16the Greeks finally infiltrate the city

0:04:16 > 0:04:20by hiding inside a wooden horse apparently left as a gift.

0:04:20 > 0:04:22It's a moment of tactical genius

0:04:22 > 0:04:26dreamed up by someone renowned for their cunning and their guile.

0:04:26 > 0:04:28And that man is Odysseus.

0:04:31 > 0:04:37Odysseus was king of a small island in Greece called Ithaca.

0:04:37 > 0:04:41And his idea to attack Troy from the inside

0:04:41 > 0:04:46using the horse as a hiding place was the turning point in the war.

0:04:48 > 0:04:50Well, I'm inside a horse,

0:04:50 > 0:04:53which isn't a line that I ever thought I'd end up saying.

0:04:53 > 0:04:55I probably don't need to explain

0:04:55 > 0:04:59this isn't the original wooden horse built by the Greek army

0:04:59 > 0:05:02but the fact that tourist authorities

0:05:02 > 0:05:06or whoever would go to the trouble of assembling this

0:05:06 > 0:05:09is a testament to the enduring nature of the myth.

0:05:14 > 0:05:15According to another myth,

0:05:15 > 0:05:20Odysseus started the war as a reluctant conscript,

0:05:20 > 0:05:23who didn't even want to come here.

0:05:23 > 0:05:28But with the Trojan horse, he reinvented himself as a superhero.

0:05:30 > 0:05:33Yes, it was a brilliant plan.

0:05:33 > 0:05:37But it's also our first great insight into his personality.

0:05:43 > 0:05:45There are moments with Odysseus where

0:05:45 > 0:05:49genius seems to tip over in deviousness and

0:05:49 > 0:05:53where self-preservation wavers into self-interest

0:05:53 > 0:05:57and it's on those occasions where we start to think of Odysseus

0:05:57 > 0:06:02as a more complicated and perhaps more questionable character.

0:06:05 > 0:06:08Questionable his character may be,

0:06:08 > 0:06:12but after success at Troy, no-one cares.

0:06:14 > 0:06:19It's that very deviousness which has made him invincible.

0:06:20 > 0:06:23Arrogant and of course, heroic.

0:06:25 > 0:06:28All he has to do now is get home to Ithaca

0:06:28 > 0:06:31to become reunited with his wife, Penelope,

0:06:31 > 0:06:36and take his place in the Greek hall of fame.

0:06:37 > 0:06:41The trouble is, it's not going to be that simple.

0:06:52 > 0:06:54Preparing to leave Troy,

0:06:54 > 0:06:58Odysseus is about to have the arrogance beaten out of him,

0:06:58 > 0:07:00piece by piece.

0:07:04 > 0:07:07Before he can find out who he really is,

0:07:07 > 0:07:09he must first be broken.

0:07:23 > 0:07:26The Greeks came here on a mission and they'd been successful.

0:07:26 > 0:07:28They'd defeated the Trojans.

0:07:28 > 0:07:32It had taken them ten years but the hard part was over.

0:07:32 > 0:07:34It was just a question of getting home now,

0:07:34 > 0:07:37300 or 400 miles that way, west.

0:07:37 > 0:07:41They'd have come down here to this beach to get on the ships.

0:07:41 > 0:07:45I imagine the mood would have been one of jubilation and triumph

0:07:45 > 0:07:49and excitement at the idea of returning back to their homeland.

0:07:54 > 0:07:58Getting home to Ithaca should only take ten weeks.

0:07:58 > 0:08:01But in fact, it takes ten years,

0:08:01 > 0:08:05as Odysseus suffers a spectacular fall from grace.

0:08:07 > 0:08:11For him, it'll be the journey from hell.

0:08:13 > 0:08:15And I'm going with him.

0:08:25 > 0:08:31'As I leave Troy, I have my own boat, complete with a skipper -

0:08:31 > 0:08:33'name of George.'

0:08:33 > 0:08:35Did you ever sail to Ithaca?

0:08:35 > 0:08:40Many times. I know every stone.

0:08:42 > 0:08:45I'll be following in Odysseus' wake

0:08:45 > 0:08:50as he arced around the Mediterranean sea, from Troy,

0:08:50 > 0:08:54to his home island of Ithaca.

0:08:54 > 0:09:00I feel like I'm in some huge car, with a gear stick.

0:09:01 > 0:09:03Oops, sorry. Wrong way.

0:09:03 > 0:09:06Let's go some left. 30 degrees.

0:09:06 > 0:09:08You're like my dad on my driving licence,

0:09:08 > 0:09:10he kept grabbing hold of the wheel.

0:09:10 > 0:09:14You are a good captain, but you need more lessons.

0:09:14 > 0:09:18I just thought you needed a good hat and it would all fall into place.

0:09:19 > 0:09:24'As Odysseus leaves Troy, he's in holiday mood.'

0:09:24 > 0:09:25That's a good plan.

0:09:25 > 0:09:28Dual controls.

0:09:28 > 0:09:32First stop is a nearby coastal town for a bit of plundering.

0:09:34 > 0:09:36But he bites off more than he can chew.

0:09:36 > 0:09:40And ends up scarpering with a bloody nose.

0:09:40 > 0:09:44Straight into another problem - the weather.

0:09:45 > 0:09:50They say Britain is a sailing culture because it's an island

0:09:50 > 0:09:51but it's nothing like Greece.

0:09:51 > 0:09:56Greece is all about water and islands and travelling around and

0:09:56 > 0:10:00when you're out here on the water, it's the uncertainty, really.

0:10:00 > 0:10:02And the vastness as well.

0:10:02 > 0:10:05When it's calm, when the sun's shining,

0:10:05 > 0:10:06it's fine, it's beautiful.

0:10:06 > 0:10:09The minute that the wind gets up and it starts to blow you

0:10:09 > 0:10:11in any direction, it feels very threatening.

0:10:16 > 0:10:21'Odysseus is barely off the jetty when a cataclysmic gale hits.'

0:10:26 > 0:10:30'For nine days, he's sent spinning across the Mediterranean.'

0:10:40 > 0:10:45'When his fleet emerges from the chaos, Odysseus drops anchor

0:10:45 > 0:10:48'in a strange and unfamiliar world.'

0:10:54 > 0:10:59'The Island of the Lotus Eaters is an exotic paradise.

0:10:59 > 0:11:02'But danger lies within.'

0:11:08 > 0:11:13'The Lotus flowers covering the island seem innocent enough.

0:11:13 > 0:11:18'But when eaten, they send the men into a drug-induced stupor.'

0:11:21 > 0:11:26'Odysseus keeps his head, and hauls the men back to the boats.'

0:11:28 > 0:11:33'On this occasion, it's the lower ranks who've messed up.

0:11:33 > 0:11:38'But Odysseus is about to trump them with a mistake of his own.'

0:11:46 > 0:11:47'Sailing north overnight,

0:11:47 > 0:11:52'the fleet puts in for supplies at the next island.

0:11:52 > 0:11:56'It's the land of the Cyclops.'

0:12:02 > 0:12:06'Odysseus is wise enough to know he really should

0:12:06 > 0:12:08'steer clear of this lot.'

0:12:11 > 0:12:15'The Cyclops are a breed of lawless one-eyed giants,

0:12:15 > 0:12:20'with no respect for either humans or gods.

0:12:20 > 0:12:23'But Odysseus can't help himself.'

0:12:25 > 0:12:30'Especially after he spots some tasty-looking sheep inside a cave.'

0:12:33 > 0:12:36'They belong to the Cyclops Polythemus.'

0:12:57 > 0:13:00We see three different aspects of Odysseus's character

0:13:00 > 0:13:03in this incident with Polythemus the Cyclops.

0:13:03 > 0:13:06His men want to loot the cave, but Odysseus says

0:13:06 > 0:13:12"No, let's wait and see if these goods are given to us as gifts out of politeness."

0:13:13 > 0:13:17'Interesting idea, but also naive.

0:13:17 > 0:13:20'When the Cyclops does return,

0:13:20 > 0:13:25'he eats two of Odysseus' men as an appetiser

0:13:25 > 0:13:29'and puts the rest in his larder for later.'

0:13:31 > 0:13:37Then we see cunning Odysseus heating up a shaft of olive wood in the fire

0:13:37 > 0:13:40and jabbing it into Cyclop's eye

0:13:40 > 0:13:43to blind him so him and his men can escape.

0:13:47 > 0:13:49"We took the fiery pointed stake

0:13:49 > 0:13:53"and whirled it around in his eye and the blood flowed round it,

0:13:53 > 0:13:55"all hot as it was.

0:13:55 > 0:13:59"His eyelids above and below and his brows were all singed

0:13:59 > 0:14:02"by the flame from the burning eyeball

0:14:02 > 0:14:04"and its root crackled in the fire."

0:14:11 > 0:14:17Finally, we see boastful Odysseus, goading the Cyclops as he sails away

0:14:17 > 0:14:21on the boat, shouting, "Tell all men that Odysseus did this to you."

0:14:24 > 0:14:28Blurting out his name just to show off, is a huge mistake.

0:14:33 > 0:14:37That's because the Cyclops' father is Poseidon,

0:14:37 > 0:14:39god of the sea.

0:14:39 > 0:14:44And annoying a god like him is a very bad idea.

0:15:01 > 0:15:04This is the Temple of Poseidon.

0:15:04 > 0:15:12Overlooking the Aegean Sea, it's as good a place as any to ruminate on Odysseus' unfortunate gaffe.

0:15:16 > 0:15:23Life's what you make of it, that's what we tend to say these days, but we also talk about good luck,

0:15:23 > 0:15:25bad luck, coincidence and chance,

0:15:25 > 0:15:30as if there was some indefinable forces at work in the background.

0:15:30 > 0:15:33In Homer's world, those forces were known as gods,

0:15:33 > 0:15:37and the whims and the moods of the gods could determine

0:15:37 > 0:15:42not just a man's future, but the destiny of an entire civilisation.

0:15:51 > 0:15:55Poseidon's not the only god who pokes a trident into Odysseus' affairs.

0:15:55 > 0:16:01In fact, a lot of the others have quite a soft spot for him.

0:16:01 > 0:16:05But Poseidon matters more than most.

0:16:05 > 0:16:09He's the one who now wants Odysseus dead.

0:16:14 > 0:16:17Of course, the gods are a great literary device as well.

0:16:17 > 0:16:21They offer a parallel narrative and we're privy to their decisions

0:16:21 > 0:16:24and interventions in a way that Odysseus isn't,

0:16:24 > 0:16:28and it makes us very powerful as readers, almost god-like.

0:16:28 > 0:16:33It's a fantastic act of reader flattery on Homer's part.

0:16:39 > 0:16:42Poseidon's vendetta is destined

0:16:42 > 0:16:46to unravel with violent and bloody consequences.

0:16:46 > 0:16:49As Odysseus escapes from the Cyclops,

0:16:49 > 0:16:54the sea god looks on as the fleet is again swept into no man's land.

0:16:56 > 0:16:59And the men are turned into mincemeat

0:16:59 > 0:17:01by hordes of cannibal giants.

0:17:08 > 0:17:12After the attack, only one ship out of the fleet of 12 survives.

0:17:12 > 0:17:14They're picked off like fish in a barrel.

0:17:14 > 0:17:18Devastated and depleted, Odysseus sails on and he finally

0:17:18 > 0:17:23arrives at the island of Aeaea, notable for being an island

0:17:23 > 0:17:28made up entirely of vowels, but also for its most famous inhabitant,

0:17:28 > 0:17:31the goddess and sorceress Circe.

0:17:38 > 0:17:43Like the aforementioned giants, Circe's also a man-eater.

0:17:43 > 0:17:49A perfect example of one of the Odyssey's greatest themes.

0:17:49 > 0:17:51Temptation.

0:17:57 > 0:18:00Having turned some of Odysseus' men into pigs,

0:18:00 > 0:18:03she then lures Odysseus into her bed.

0:18:04 > 0:18:08A bed he stays in for an entire year.

0:18:14 > 0:18:18"She set me in a bath and bathed me with water from the great cauldron,

0:18:18 > 0:18:21"mixing it to my liking

0:18:21 > 0:18:24"and pouring it over my head and shoulders,

0:18:24 > 0:18:27"till she took from my limbs the soul-consuming weariness.

0:18:30 > 0:18:33"But when she had bathed me and anointed me richly with oil

0:18:33 > 0:18:37"and had thrown about me a beautiful cloak and a tunic, she brought me

0:18:37 > 0:18:42"into the hall and made me sit upon a silver-studded chair,

0:18:42 > 0:18:45"a beautiful chair, richly wrought."

0:18:47 > 0:18:50Odysseus's behaviour is questionable, to say the least.

0:18:52 > 0:18:55Has he forgotten his wife, the loyal Penelope,

0:18:55 > 0:18:58who's been waiting for him back home?

0:18:59 > 0:19:03Or is he just recuperating after getting hopelessly lost,

0:19:03 > 0:19:06and watching most of his men die in agony?

0:19:09 > 0:19:11It reminds me a bit of that story

0:19:11 > 0:19:13about George Best at the height of his notoriety,

0:19:13 > 0:19:17he's staying in some swanky hotel and the bell boy walks in

0:19:17 > 0:19:20and finds George surrounded by

0:19:20 > 0:19:24empty champagne bottles and a former Miss World lying on the bed.

0:19:24 > 0:19:29And the bell boy says, "George, where did it all go wrong?"

0:19:30 > 0:19:35But am I being too quick to judge Odysseus?

0:19:40 > 0:19:42Leaving him alone with his libido,

0:19:42 > 0:19:44I've headed back to the Greek mainland

0:19:44 > 0:19:46and a small harbour near Athens.

0:19:50 > 0:19:52It's a funny thing, temptation.

0:19:52 > 0:19:58Is Homer condemning Odysseus for his infidelity with Circe?

0:19:58 > 0:20:02Or is he just saying that boys will be boys?

0:20:02 > 0:20:05I thought I'd ask Dimitris and Andreas,

0:20:05 > 0:20:07a couple of retired merchant seamen

0:20:07 > 0:20:10who spent much of their working lives at sea.

0:20:11 > 0:20:14What do they think of Odysseus's behaviour,

0:20:16 > 0:20:19and especially his long affair with Circe?

0:20:23 > 0:20:27His big failing was the adoration of women.

0:20:27 > 0:20:31I like the fact that he was womanising. I can't feel a man,

0:20:31 > 0:20:34a young man like him, to go away,

0:20:34 > 0:20:39years and years away from his country, and not womanise.

0:20:39 > 0:20:43My seaman's life was just the same life.

0:20:43 > 0:20:46I went to too many places, I had a lot of experiences,

0:20:46 > 0:20:48I have met lots of women.

0:20:48 > 0:20:55I was womanising for a great part of my life, and then I came to an end.

0:20:55 > 0:21:00I think all of us come to an end. That is the story.

0:21:00 > 0:21:02It is a very, very human story.

0:21:04 > 0:21:07- So that makes it more real? - It is real.

0:21:07 > 0:21:09That is why this poem is eternal.

0:21:09 > 0:21:12If you read it, and see the details and so on,

0:21:12 > 0:21:14you will discover

0:21:14 > 0:21:16your own life.

0:21:16 > 0:21:18This is my life.

0:21:18 > 0:21:21So if you've lived the life of Odysseus,

0:21:21 > 0:21:24does that tell you anything about his character?

0:21:24 > 0:21:28Do you feel as if you know more about the Odysseus of the book

0:21:28 > 0:21:30because of the lives you've led?

0:21:30 > 0:21:33He went through too many adventures.

0:21:33 > 0:21:39He has experienced a lot of things, as we did, as seamen, both of us.

0:21:39 > 0:21:42Every man has his Odysseus inside.

0:21:44 > 0:21:46In his mind.

0:21:46 > 0:21:51But after that, you have to settle down.

0:21:51 > 0:21:55And this is what all of us, we do in life. It's a lesson of life.

0:21:57 > 0:22:01And when you are a young one, and you go to work on a ship,

0:22:03 > 0:22:06you think that everything is a game.

0:22:06 > 0:22:09But as the years have passed,

0:22:12 > 0:22:15you feel very, very different.

0:22:22 > 0:22:25One thing I understand from meeting people like Andreas and Dimitris

0:22:25 > 0:22:31is just how important the Odyssey is to the Greek people.

0:22:31 > 0:22:33Someone once said the Odyssey is

0:22:33 > 0:22:37"alive to every tremor and gleam of existence."

0:22:37 > 0:22:41And that doesn't just include love and sex.

0:22:41 > 0:22:47Odysseus' next lesson is going to be the most powerful of all.

0:22:47 > 0:22:50Finally, he's about to understand the meaning of death.

0:22:56 > 0:22:59Tearing himself away from Circe's island,

0:22:59 > 0:23:03Odysseus and his remaining men once again sail for Ithaca.

0:23:03 > 0:23:08But he's desperate to know what the omens are.

0:23:08 > 0:23:12Helpfully, Circe's given him the name of a very reliable soothsayer.

0:23:24 > 0:23:28Consulting the soothsayer seems simple enough,

0:23:28 > 0:23:30except there's a catch.

0:23:30 > 0:23:31I'm going to hell!

0:23:31 > 0:23:34He's dead.

0:23:44 > 0:23:46This is the river Acheron.

0:23:46 > 0:23:49But round here, they have another name for it -

0:23:51 > 0:23:53the river of pain.

0:23:55 > 0:23:59To the Greeks, it was the highway to hell.

0:24:01 > 0:24:03Or as Homer himself put it,

0:24:03 > 0:24:07"a place where horrid night spreads over wretched mortals."

0:24:12 > 0:24:16Homer even gives directions on how to get to the underworld.

0:24:24 > 0:24:26When the river finally runs out,

0:24:26 > 0:24:29I make the rest of the journey on foot.

0:24:34 > 0:24:38The place itself is called Necromanteion.

0:24:38 > 0:24:40Or "oracle of the dead".

0:24:43 > 0:24:46From Homer's day right up to the 18th century,

0:24:46 > 0:24:49Greeks came here to contact the dark side.

0:24:51 > 0:24:56Getting the ghouls to appear required lots of drug taking

0:24:56 > 0:24:59and some really bizarre rituals.

0:24:59 > 0:25:01A bit like cooking.

0:25:03 > 0:25:05Circe's given Odysseus

0:25:05 > 0:25:10a list of ingredients that he needs to pour his libations.

0:25:10 > 0:25:13She's told him to dig a pit and pour into it various things -

0:25:13 > 0:25:16water, milk, sweet wine, honey,

0:25:16 > 0:25:22white barley meal, whatever that is, and the blood of a black ram,

0:25:22 > 0:25:26so it's a pit a cubit each way.

0:25:26 > 0:25:31I think that's from your wrist to your elbow,

0:25:31 > 0:25:33so that should do it.

0:25:33 > 0:25:36OK.

0:25:36 > 0:25:40Here's a bit of the honey, drip a bit of that in.

0:25:42 > 0:25:47The local supermarket didn't really have everything I wanted.

0:25:47 > 0:25:52I got the nearest I could. The white barley meal.

0:25:52 > 0:25:56It's actually rice pasta, but it's the nearest I could get.

0:25:56 > 0:25:59And then the sweet wine -

0:25:59 > 0:26:02obviously the dead have a bit of a sweet tooth.

0:26:04 > 0:26:07In it goes, like so. Bit of milk.

0:26:07 > 0:26:10I could only get semi-skimmed, so I hope that's OK.

0:26:12 > 0:26:15The supermarket were right out of black ram's blood

0:26:15 > 0:26:17so a bit more sweet wine.

0:26:19 > 0:26:24And according to the recipe that should do the trick.

0:26:24 > 0:26:27Just have to sit back and wait for the ghosts to appear.

0:26:40 > 0:26:45The libations are poured and Homer invokes a terrifying spectacle -

0:26:47 > 0:26:51out of the swirling mist, come the dead, and it's not just the old,

0:26:51 > 0:26:53it's children crying for their mothers,

0:26:53 > 0:26:56it's mothers crying for their children,

0:26:56 > 0:26:58it's soldiers in their battle garments

0:26:58 > 0:27:01all tattered and bloody and torn.

0:27:01 > 0:27:04It's a terrifying occasion.

0:27:09 > 0:27:12With the preliminaries over, the soothsayer appears.

0:27:15 > 0:27:16He's called Tiresias.

0:27:16 > 0:27:19And he has some good news.

0:27:22 > 0:27:25Odysseus will return safely to Ithaca

0:27:25 > 0:27:28and be reunited with his wife.

0:27:32 > 0:27:33So far, so good.

0:27:35 > 0:27:37But the flames licking

0:27:37 > 0:27:40around Odysseus' feet are about to get hotter.

0:27:51 > 0:27:54In one of the most compelling and affecting passages

0:27:54 > 0:27:56in the whole poem, the face of a dead woman

0:27:56 > 0:27:59appears out of the darkness,

0:27:59 > 0:28:04which Odysseus finally recognises as his own mother.

0:28:04 > 0:28:07And to begin with he refuses to accept it, and then he asks,

0:28:07 > 0:28:10"What kind of foul play brought about this murder?

0:28:10 > 0:28:13"Tell me and I will revenge it."

0:28:13 > 0:28:17And his mother says, "There was no murder, Odysseus.

0:28:17 > 0:28:19"I died out of longing for you.

0:28:19 > 0:28:21"I died of a broken heart."

0:28:28 > 0:28:32News of his mother's death shakes Odysseus to his core.

0:28:33 > 0:28:35But it gets worse.

0:28:36 > 0:28:40The next spook in line is Achilles,

0:28:40 > 0:28:43the greatest warrior of the Trojan War.

0:28:45 > 0:28:47Or is he?

0:28:47 > 0:28:50Achilles doesn't see himself that way any more.

0:28:53 > 0:28:55"And he at once made answer, and said,

0:28:55 > 0:28:59"'Never try to reconcile me to death, glorious Odysseus.

0:28:59 > 0:29:02"'I should choose so I might live on earth

0:29:02 > 0:29:04"'to serve as the hireling of another,

0:29:04 > 0:29:08"'some landless man with hardly enough to live on,

0:29:08 > 0:29:12"'rather than be lord over all the dead that have perished.'"

0:29:15 > 0:29:19Achilles, apparently, would rather be a nobody on earth,

0:29:19 > 0:29:20than a hero in hell.

0:29:20 > 0:29:24Coming from one of mythology's greatest ever fighters,

0:29:24 > 0:29:26it's a pitiful speech.

0:29:26 > 0:29:30In the whole of classical mythology, only a handful of people

0:29:30 > 0:29:33get to visit the underworld and live to tell the story.

0:29:33 > 0:29:38Tiresias has offered Odysseus a glimmer of hope.

0:29:38 > 0:29:40But he's seen friends and family as ghosts

0:29:40 > 0:29:44and he's witnessed the greatest warrior ever known to mankind

0:29:44 > 0:29:47reduced to wretchedness and misery.

0:29:47 > 0:29:51Is this how heroes are rewarded by the gods?

0:29:54 > 0:29:56Odysseus travels onwards

0:29:56 > 0:29:59but he does so a changed man.

0:29:59 > 0:30:02To him, everything he achieved at Troy

0:30:02 > 0:30:06now just seems like a huge waste.

0:30:21 > 0:30:26Tiresius' advice to Odysseus has been about as clear as mud.

0:30:26 > 0:30:30So after his harrowing night in hell, he nips back to see Circe,

0:30:30 > 0:30:33who describes the route he must take

0:30:33 > 0:30:36as a kind of supernatural obstacle course.

0:30:36 > 0:30:40First challenge - sail past the alluring sirens.

0:30:45 > 0:30:49In Greek mythology, the sirens were temptresses,

0:30:49 > 0:30:53who lured sailors to their deaths, just because they could.

0:31:17 > 0:31:20Circe's warned Odysseus of the sirens.

0:31:24 > 0:31:26They may be enchanting, she says,

0:31:26 > 0:31:29but around their feet you'll see rotting corpses.

0:31:35 > 0:31:38Once again, Odysseus can't help himself.

0:31:41 > 0:31:42But this time,

0:31:42 > 0:31:46he hatches a plan that means he can have his cake and eat it.

0:31:51 > 0:31:54Odysseus tells his men to bung their ears with wax

0:31:54 > 0:31:58so they won't be able to hear the beautiful song of the sirens

0:31:58 > 0:32:01and then to lash him to the mast.

0:32:01 > 0:32:04Why he doesn't bung his own ears with wax, he doesn't really explain

0:32:04 > 0:32:06but it's one of those moments

0:32:06 > 0:32:10that opens a little window on his personality.

0:32:12 > 0:32:14This isn't just about the destination,

0:32:14 > 0:32:16this is about the journey.

0:32:16 > 0:32:19He wants to experience the experience.

0:32:22 > 0:32:26Odysseus is a man who likes to sail pretty close to the wind.

0:32:32 > 0:32:36It's also as if the adventures are queuing up to meet him now.

0:32:36 > 0:32:41Next he's got to sail between Scylla on one side,

0:32:41 > 0:32:43a 12-legged six-headed monster,

0:32:43 > 0:32:46and Charybdis on the other,

0:32:46 > 0:32:51a whirling pool of water that sucks everything down three times a day.

0:32:51 > 0:32:54He's having a bit of a tough time of it.

0:33:01 > 0:33:04Odysseus isn't the only one struggling.

0:33:05 > 0:33:09From around 600 crew who set off from Troy,

0:33:09 > 0:33:11there's maybe only 50 left.

0:33:11 > 0:33:15And they're not happy.

0:33:15 > 0:33:20I want to get a sense of what it's like to be at sea for long periods.

0:33:21 > 0:33:26So I've come to a naval base on the Greek mainland.

0:33:26 > 0:33:32Today's sailors live and work among the cold clean lines of grey steel.

0:33:34 > 0:33:38But 3,000 years ago, when Odysseus was a captain,

0:33:38 > 0:33:41the fleet would've looked very different.

0:33:49 > 0:33:54This is a reconstruction of an ancient Greek warship.

0:33:54 > 0:33:57The design dates from the 5th century BC,

0:33:57 > 0:34:01which is actually 500 years after Odysseus.

0:34:04 > 0:34:06But the conditions on Odysseus' ship

0:34:06 > 0:34:08wouldn't have been all that different.

0:34:09 > 0:34:14It's all skeleton and no flesh.

0:34:14 > 0:34:19You know, there's no concession here to comfort or convenience.

0:34:19 > 0:34:24There's no obvious place to eat, sit down, sleep, go to the loo.

0:34:27 > 0:34:30And for these three rows of oarsmen, you've either got

0:34:30 > 0:34:34somebody's backside in your face or somebody's sandal in your ear.

0:34:34 > 0:34:37I don't know which would've been worse - sitting here

0:34:37 > 0:34:40with the wind and the spray lashing you

0:34:40 > 0:34:42or down there in the stinking bilges.

0:34:42 > 0:34:45Maybe this was the prime position somewhere here in the middle.

0:34:46 > 0:34:50It's an invention of travel and war.

0:34:50 > 0:34:54It's all function - just for the task of getting there

0:34:54 > 0:34:58and getting back and I suppose killing a few people

0:34:58 > 0:35:00in either direction.

0:35:01 > 0:35:06There's no doubt, back then, it would've been a very grim existence.

0:35:16 > 0:35:20I'd love to chat with Odysseus about his leadership skills.

0:35:20 > 0:35:25But since I can't, I thought I'd try the next best thing.

0:35:25 > 0:35:29Commander Spyros Lagares is in charge of 160 men

0:35:29 > 0:35:34on the Greek Navy Frigate, Nikiforos Fokas.

0:35:35 > 0:35:41I've come to talk to him about Odysseus' increasingly bolshie crew.

0:35:41 > 0:35:45But before I do, I cheekily wonder whether he fancied himself

0:35:45 > 0:35:47as a bit of a modern day Odysseus?

0:35:47 > 0:35:51Has it ever crossed your mind that as a man of rank

0:35:51 > 0:35:56in the Greek Navy, you are in some ways a descendant of Odysseus?

0:35:56 > 0:36:01Could you have his DNA in your bloodstream?

0:36:01 > 0:36:04I think that all Greeks do believe

0:36:04 > 0:36:08that we do have a connection with Odysseus.

0:36:08 > 0:36:11You can say so, yes.

0:36:11 > 0:36:15This is the way I feel and I think most of us feel this way.

0:36:15 > 0:36:18What kind of qualities are needed to be a sailor?

0:36:18 > 0:36:23Discipline and being able to function as a team

0:36:23 > 0:36:28are the main characteristics of a mariner.

0:36:28 > 0:36:35Of course you have to bear in mind that the crews for this time

0:36:35 > 0:36:36were free men.

0:36:36 > 0:36:40In other navies, this was not the case.

0:36:40 > 0:36:47They had slaves but in Greek ships, they always had free men and they

0:36:47 > 0:36:53were not always the professionals that we do have in the Navy today.

0:36:53 > 0:36:55There were farmers,

0:36:55 > 0:37:01there were fishermen and I think that's the reason that we do see

0:37:01 > 0:37:08things not being done properly and not being very disciplined men

0:37:08 > 0:37:10the way we see it today.

0:37:10 > 0:37:15So if they were just a selection of fishermen and farmers, it would mean

0:37:15 > 0:37:19they would have to have fantastic respect for their captain

0:37:19 > 0:37:22for discipline to remain and once the respect had gone,

0:37:22 > 0:37:25presumably the discipline would break down?

0:37:25 > 0:37:31That's true. I mean, it's one of the worst thing that can really happen.

0:37:31 > 0:37:34I would say then you do have a mutiny.

0:37:34 > 0:37:36HE SHOUTS COMMAND IN GREEK

0:37:40 > 0:37:44A mutiny is precisely what Odysseus is about to face.

0:37:51 > 0:37:55Miserable and starving, his crew finally crack.

0:37:55 > 0:37:59Spotting some tasty looking cattle at the next island,

0:37:59 > 0:38:01they move in for the kill.

0:38:01 > 0:38:05Odysseus warns them not to touch the animals,

0:38:05 > 0:38:08since they belong to the God of the sun.

0:38:11 > 0:38:13But while he sleeps they defy him,

0:38:13 > 0:38:16gorging themselves on the forbidden flesh.

0:38:19 > 0:38:22The gods then at once showed forth portents.

0:38:24 > 0:38:28"The hides crawled. The meat, both roast and raw,

0:38:28 > 0:38:30"bellowed upon the spits.

0:38:31 > 0:38:34"And there was a lowing, as though of cattle."

0:38:47 > 0:38:51Odysseus and his men will pay a heavy price for their barbecue.

0:38:53 > 0:38:59Back at sea, the gods smash their ship to pieces.

0:38:59 > 0:39:01And everybody dies.

0:39:05 > 0:39:08Everybody, that is, except Odysseus.

0:39:10 > 0:39:13Clinging to a piece of driftwood,

0:39:13 > 0:39:16he's swept towards the nearest island

0:39:16 > 0:39:18and the low point of his life.

0:39:28 > 0:39:32The island Odysseus washes up on is called Ogygia.

0:39:34 > 0:39:39It's now seven years later and Odysseus is still here.

0:39:44 > 0:39:48Clean out of ideas and paralysed into inaction,

0:39:48 > 0:39:50Odysseus is on the rocks.

0:39:54 > 0:39:57His mother's dead. His men are dead.

0:39:57 > 0:40:01And it's now two decades since he last saw home.

0:40:03 > 0:40:05To make matters worse,

0:40:05 > 0:40:10he's also the prisoner and sex slave of a goddess called Calypso.

0:40:14 > 0:40:20"By night indeed he would sleep by her side in the hollow caves,

0:40:20 > 0:40:23"unwilling beside the willing nymph

0:40:23 > 0:40:26"but by day he would sit on the rocks and the sands,

0:40:26 > 0:40:30"racking his heart with tears and groans and griefs

0:40:30 > 0:40:33"and he would look out over the unresting sea,

0:40:33 > 0:40:35"shedding tears."

0:40:38 > 0:40:42The tears are for his lost wife, Penelope.

0:40:42 > 0:40:44And for himself.

0:40:47 > 0:40:50The arrogant hero of Troy is no more.

0:40:50 > 0:40:52This is a broken man.

0:40:54 > 0:40:57But then, something happens.

0:40:59 > 0:41:01After seven depressing years,

0:41:01 > 0:41:05the gods decide to give him one last chance.

0:41:08 > 0:41:12So Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is despatched in his golden

0:41:12 > 0:41:16immortal sandals with the little wings on the bottom

0:41:16 > 0:41:17and he flies across the sea

0:41:17 > 0:41:20very close to the surface, like a cormorant.

0:41:22 > 0:41:26Hermes forces Calypso to free Odysseus

0:41:26 > 0:41:31and give him the thing he most needs to get home...

0:41:32 > 0:41:34..a boat.

0:41:54 > 0:41:58It's true that a man could have a worse jailor than a beautiful nymph

0:41:58 > 0:42:02with a healthy sexual appetite but the compass of his heart

0:42:02 > 0:42:05points in the direction of Ithaca and Penelope

0:42:05 > 0:42:07and this is his big chance.

0:42:07 > 0:42:09He sets sail.

0:42:09 > 0:42:12Potentially he's only a couple of days from home.

0:42:12 > 0:42:15All he needs now is a following wind

0:42:15 > 0:42:17and the gods to smile kindly upon him.

0:42:19 > 0:42:23Trouble is, not all the gods are smiling on him.

0:42:23 > 0:42:27Especially his nemesis, Poseidon, God of the sea,

0:42:27 > 0:42:31who has one last act of revenge up his sleeve.

0:42:33 > 0:42:38"So saying, he gathered the clouds and seizing his trident in his

0:42:38 > 0:42:43"hands, troubled the sea and roused all blasts of every sort of wind

0:42:43 > 0:42:46"and hid with clouds, land and sea a like

0:42:46 > 0:42:49"and down from heaven night came rushing."

0:42:55 > 0:43:00Abandoning his sinking ship, Odysseus swims for his life.

0:43:07 > 0:43:09And then, a miracle.

0:43:16 > 0:43:17Land.

0:43:23 > 0:43:27It's not yet Ithaca but he's now tantalisingly close.

0:43:31 > 0:43:34You could think of Odysseus as the first ever tourist

0:43:34 > 0:43:37around the Greek islands, albeit an accidental one.

0:43:37 > 0:43:38That's Corfu,

0:43:38 > 0:43:42traditionally associated with the island of Scheria,

0:43:42 > 0:43:46land of the Phaeacians, and that would've looked very, very sweet.

0:43:46 > 0:43:49By this time he's been bobbing around in the sea

0:43:49 > 0:43:51for the best part of three weeks,

0:43:51 > 0:43:54first on a raft and then clinging to a spar.

0:43:54 > 0:43:57Its not home but I think by this point,

0:43:57 > 0:44:00it would've been a case of any port in a storm.

0:44:14 > 0:44:16Today the locals are celebrating.

0:44:18 > 0:44:22It's the anniversary of their unification with Greece.

0:44:31 > 0:44:34Looks like I've landed in Corfu at just about the right time.

0:44:34 > 0:44:37All this pomp and ceremony.

0:44:37 > 0:44:40They're famous here for their hospitality so

0:44:40 > 0:44:44I can only think that Odysseus would've been in good hands.

0:44:53 > 0:44:57The king is delighted to offer free board and lodging.

0:44:57 > 0:45:01In return, he asks only one thing -

0:45:01 > 0:45:04that Odysseus agrees to tell his story.

0:45:07 > 0:45:09HE SPEAKS ANCIENT GREEK

0:45:17 > 0:45:22The Corfu poetry society is tonight re-enacting

0:45:22 > 0:45:24Odysseus's famous speech.

0:45:24 > 0:45:29The moment when he rediscovers the hero inside and tells

0:45:29 > 0:45:32the complete story of his travels.

0:45:46 > 0:45:50Actor Nikos begins the story in the original Ancient Greek

0:45:50 > 0:45:55but then it's time for me to take over with a version of the poem I wrote myself.

0:45:55 > 0:45:59I feel a bit presumptuous, I have to say.

0:45:59 > 0:46:02After a seven-year crisis of confidence,

0:46:02 > 0:46:07Odysseus is now able to recognise his own failings

0:46:07 > 0:46:09and learn from them.

0:46:09 > 0:46:14So this is following on from the piece you read.

0:46:14 > 0:46:22We plundered the city, took meat and wine and women and grain to be shared equally among the men.

0:46:22 > 0:46:25Then I ordered the retreat.

0:46:25 > 0:46:27"Leave the rest. Back to the boats everyone.

0:46:27 > 0:46:29Back to the coast".

0:46:29 > 0:46:37But my army were boggle-eyed with treats, went on slaughtering the plentiful flocks and herds,

0:46:37 > 0:46:41and while they butchered and ate and slept, the enemy grew,

0:46:41 > 0:46:47drew strength from further afield, gathered all night in the dark

0:46:47 > 0:46:50then attacked out of the dawn mist.

0:46:50 > 0:46:55Cut us down like stalks, flattened us into the battlefields.

0:46:55 > 0:47:00Six men from every crew were lost The rest of us skedaddled in the boats.

0:47:00 > 0:47:04Sick with grief, we saluted our dead

0:47:04 > 0:47:10then swung our oars into the water and rowed and rowed and rowed.

0:47:15 > 0:47:20Odysseus has done a lot of rowing since Troy, but he won't have to do much more.

0:47:20 > 0:47:28His hosts, moved by his dream to be reunited with his wife, agree to take him home.

0:47:30 > 0:47:33But is Odysseus ready for Ithaca?

0:47:33 > 0:47:37Is he ready for the biggest challenge of all?

0:47:41 > 0:47:45The more I walk in his shadow and the more I sail in his wake,

0:47:45 > 0:47:49the more intriguing Odysseus becomes as a character.

0:47:49 > 0:47:54Yes, he can be heroic, capable of great bravery and courage,

0:47:54 > 0:47:58but he can also be arrogant, conceited, greedy, flirtatious,

0:47:58 > 0:48:01voyeuristic, indulgent, indolent even.

0:48:01 > 0:48:04There are a couple of moments in the text when, instead of being

0:48:04 > 0:48:07on his toes and ready, he's snoring his head off.

0:48:07 > 0:48:09He also seems like a born liar.

0:48:09 > 0:48:15To almost everybody he meets he describes himself as somebody else and it makes me think that

0:48:15 > 0:48:19the real mystery of this book and the real excitement isn't whether

0:48:19 > 0:48:26or not we're going to find out if he gets home, it's whether we're going to find out who this man is.

0:48:32 > 0:48:37Odysseus makes his last journey, not as a captain, but an ordinary

0:48:37 > 0:48:42passenger, hitching a lift on a ship organised by his hosts.

0:48:44 > 0:48:50Still fearing Poseidon's wrath, they sail at night in the hope that he won't notice.

0:48:52 > 0:48:53And it works.

0:49:15 > 0:49:18A decade after he first set sail from Troy,

0:49:18 > 0:49:24Odysseus finally reaches the glittering paradise that is home.

0:49:24 > 0:49:26Ithaca.

0:49:36 > 0:49:40If Homer really is our first author, then it's amazing he should have

0:49:40 > 0:49:44such a finely developed sense of drama and irony.

0:49:44 > 0:49:48In the hands of a lesser writer, Odysseus would arrive home

0:49:48 > 0:49:52in a blaze of glory, but actually he falls asleep on the boat

0:49:52 > 0:49:56as he's being brought here by the Phaeacians.

0:49:56 > 0:50:03He's deposited on this beach and when he wakes out of his slumber, he doesn't recognise the place.

0:50:03 > 0:50:05He doesn't even know he's home.

0:50:16 > 0:50:20# There is a house built out of stone

0:50:24 > 0:50:29# Wooden floors doors and window sills... #

0:50:31 > 0:50:37He may be home, but his journey won't truly be over till he reclaims his wife and his son.

0:50:41 > 0:50:45But to do that, he faces one last battle.

0:50:48 > 0:50:55# This is a place where I feel at home... #

0:50:55 > 0:51:01In his absence, Odysseus' mountain palace has been overrun by the so-called "suitors".

0:51:06 > 0:51:13The suitors are a bunch of local gentry who've long since had their eyes on Odysseus's money...

0:51:15 > 0:51:18..and Penelope, his wife.

0:51:22 > 0:51:27Many people claim that this was the actual site of Odysseus's splendid palace.

0:51:27 > 0:51:31It's seen better days, but these rooms here were where the suitors

0:51:31 > 0:51:35were camped out, feasting and gorging and lighting their fires.

0:51:35 > 0:51:40Up there was Penelope's apartment and bed chamber.

0:51:43 > 0:51:50After years of pressure, Penelope knows she can't stall the suitors any longer.

0:51:50 > 0:51:54Which is why she's finally agreed to re-marry.

0:51:56 > 0:52:01Her new husband will be the suitor who wins her in a great sporting contest.

0:52:01 > 0:52:06A competition involving archery and 12 axe heads.

0:52:07 > 0:52:14Whoever could string Odysseus's great bow and then fire an arrow through the 12 axe heads

0:52:14 > 0:52:21would win her hand in marriage, so that means that this area here was where that competition took place.

0:52:25 > 0:52:27I've never fired an arrow before.

0:52:27 > 0:52:30- Hello.- Hello.- Hi.

0:52:30 > 0:52:34But these local archery experts say they can teach me in 15 minutes.

0:52:34 > 0:52:37Welcome to the palace of Odysseus.

0:52:37 > 0:52:41Using a bow that Odysseus himself would have recognised.

0:52:41 > 0:52:46It's a beautiful thing. It's much lighter than I thought it would be.

0:52:46 > 0:52:48Very balanced.

0:52:48 > 0:52:54I guess it's one of those odd pieces of equipment which is both art...

0:52:54 > 0:52:56and it can kill you.

0:52:59 > 0:53:05Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, enters the palace just in time for the start of the competition.

0:53:05 > 0:53:09- And then don't release... all right.- Yeah, OK.

0:53:09 > 0:53:11Right. I'm all set, I think!

0:53:14 > 0:53:18While Penelope waits upstairs, the suitors each take their turn.

0:53:18 > 0:53:23All hoping to shoot clean through the axe heads lined up across the room.

0:53:27 > 0:53:31In the end though, no-one can do it.

0:53:31 > 0:53:33It's a good job I'm not Cupid.

0:53:33 > 0:53:35There'd be some very lonely people out there!

0:53:40 > 0:53:47Still hiding behind his beggar's clothes, Odysseus steps forward and asks if he can have a go.

0:53:49 > 0:53:53- It's the moment he's been waiting for.- Lower...

0:53:53 > 0:53:57Oh! Get in!

0:53:57 > 0:54:00- Congratulations.- Thank you.

0:54:00 > 0:54:02Odysseus hits the mark first time.

0:54:04 > 0:54:09In the melee, loyal servants quietly lock the doors.

0:54:10 > 0:54:15Odysseus then shakes off his beggar's disguise

0:54:15 > 0:54:17and the bloodbath begins.

0:54:21 > 0:54:25Homer doesn't spare us the details.

0:54:25 > 0:54:29The suitors' ringleader takes the first shot full in the neck,

0:54:29 > 0:54:34causing blood to spew through his nose.

0:54:34 > 0:54:39One by one, the others succumb in similar fashion.

0:54:41 > 0:54:48Homer compares their flaccid bodies to dead fish in nets and describes their souls -

0:54:48 > 0:54:51crying like bats, as they're led into hell.

0:54:55 > 0:54:58When it's over, the maids who have been

0:54:58 > 0:55:04disloyal during Odysseus's absence are told to clean up the mess,

0:55:04 > 0:55:07then taken outside and hung.

0:55:12 > 0:55:15Odysseus has won the battle for his house,

0:55:15 > 0:55:18but he must now win back Penelope.

0:55:22 > 0:55:28The two meet after the massacre but she still can't quite believe it's him.

0:55:30 > 0:55:35He's been away for 20 years but she seems so hard and unwelcoming

0:55:35 > 0:55:39and they have what in today's parlance might be described as "a bit of a domestic".

0:55:39 > 0:55:41She sends him to the spare.

0:55:41 > 0:55:46She tells the maid to take the marital bed out of the bedroom and set it up elsewhere.

0:55:48 > 0:55:55But it's the very same bed which, once and for all, gives Odysseus the chance to prove who he is.

0:55:58 > 0:56:03"Woman, truly this is a bitter word that you have spoken.

0:56:03 > 0:56:07"For a great token is worked into the making of the bed.

0:56:07 > 0:56:10"And it was I that built it and no-one else.

0:56:14 > 0:56:17"And her knees were loosened where she sat

0:56:17 > 0:56:20"and her heart melted."

0:56:25 > 0:56:30And it's at this point that Penelope realises that he must be who he says

0:56:30 > 0:56:32he is and she breaks down in tears,

0:56:32 > 0:56:35she throws her arms around him

0:56:35 > 0:56:38and you don't need me to spell the rest of it out.

0:56:53 > 0:56:57The poem ends with Odysseus getting the girl and the glory.

0:57:09 > 0:57:16It's hard to appreciate what being away from family and friends for 20 years actually feels like.

0:57:16 > 0:57:21But I've made this journey to try and get a sense of the difficulties and the distances involved.

0:57:24 > 0:57:29And it seems to me that it's impossible to understand Odysseus.

0:57:29 > 0:57:33Because after all his trials and tribulations

0:57:33 > 0:57:36and after all his humiliations and the hardship,

0:57:36 > 0:57:39he doesn't really understand himself.

0:57:39 > 0:57:43All he has is that longing to return, the "nostos"

0:57:43 > 0:57:45as the Greeks call it,

0:57:45 > 0:57:48and he won't be allowed that pleasure until he's been stripped

0:57:48 > 0:57:53of his crown and his clothes and his dignity and his identity.

0:57:53 > 0:57:59Not until he's arrived home with the appearance of a beggar, scrounging for crumbs

0:57:59 > 0:58:05at his own table, will he be allowed to return as a father and a husband.

0:58:05 > 0:58:10So the question of whether or not I like Odysseus now seems irrelevant.

0:58:10 > 0:58:16He will always remain an endlessly intriguing and enigmatic character and we have Homer to thank for that.

0:58:16 > 0:58:18He's the real hero of this story.

0:58:18 > 0:58:22Whoever Homer is, he's the one to be admired.

0:58:26 > 0:58:32MUSIC: "Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want" by The Smiths

0:58:55 > 0:58:58Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd

0:58:58 > 0:59:01E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk