0:00:02 > 0:00:04HOWLING
0:00:20 > 0:00:24SHE HOWLS
0:00:37 > 0:00:40Manchester is where the idea of Communism was born,
0:00:40 > 0:00:43the first industrial city, not Imperial Russia.
0:00:43 > 0:00:46Friedrich Engels, whose work with Karl Marx
0:00:46 > 0:00:51inspired the Russian Revolution, lived here for more than 20 years.
0:00:51 > 0:00:55His most famous work, The Condition of the Working Class in England,
0:00:55 > 0:00:58was based on what he saw in Manchester.
0:00:58 > 0:01:01I wanted to bring a symbol of Communism back to its roots,
0:01:01 > 0:01:03and to make this connection concrete.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07Ceremony is three things seen through the prism of Engels.
0:01:07 > 0:01:12One, the search for a statue of him and its journey back home.
0:01:12 > 0:01:14Two, the everyday stories of people from Manchester who welcomed me
0:01:14 > 0:01:16into their lives.
0:01:16 > 0:01:20And three, a homecoming party to inaugurate the statue.
0:01:21 > 0:01:25Since the financial crash, Britain has changed beyond recognition.
0:01:25 > 0:01:29It seems to many that the parallels between the conditions Engels was
0:01:29 > 0:01:32writing about and the realities of life in Britain today
0:01:32 > 0:01:33are blindingly obvious.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44I am awake.
0:01:44 > 0:01:45Again.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47Unawake, I think...
0:01:48 > 0:01:51And me, I never left the area.
0:01:51 > 0:01:55The words they used against us changed around me.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58The litany of tabs and sanctions,
0:01:58 > 0:02:01the imperative sell yourself.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03Sell yourself again.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06As if you have an appetite.
0:02:10 > 0:02:14So I set out to look for a statue of Engels.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17I hit the road in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine,
0:02:17 > 0:02:20and I discover that an Engels in good nick with a passport out
0:02:20 > 0:02:22is a hard thing to find.
0:02:22 > 0:02:28The poster boys of the revolution have always been Lenin and Marx.
0:02:28 > 0:02:32Engels, for the most part, appears only as Marx's sidekick.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37In some countries, they still keep pride of place.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39In others, the statues are removed,
0:02:39 > 0:02:41but the villages hide them, just in case.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46As they explained, things might change, you never know.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Well, true enough, you don't.
0:02:51 > 0:02:541989 means different things to different places.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59Mention it in Manchester, epicentre of a pop cultural revolution,
0:02:59 > 0:03:04and people remember acid house, ecstasy, Hacienda.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07Mention it in the former East,
0:03:07 > 0:03:09and people talk about the fall of the Berlin Wall.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14CHEERING
0:03:59 > 0:04:00"Workers.
0:04:00 > 0:04:05"To you, I dedicate a work in which I have tried to lay before
0:04:05 > 0:04:08"my German countrymen a faithful picture of your condition.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19"I wanted more than a mere abstract knowledge of my subject.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22"I wanted to see you in your own homes,
0:04:22 > 0:04:24"to observe you in your everyday life.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30"To witness your struggles against the social and political power
0:04:30 > 0:04:31"of your oppressors.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36"Having, at the same time,
0:04:36 > 0:04:39"ample opportunity to watch the middle classes,
0:04:39 > 0:04:41"your opponent.
0:04:42 > 0:04:46"I soon came to the conclusion that you are right.
0:04:46 > 0:04:51"Perfectly right in expecting no support whatever from them.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54"Though they always will try to maintain the country,
0:04:54 > 0:04:57"and to make you believe in their most hearty sympathy
0:04:57 > 0:05:01"with your fates, their actions give them the lie."
0:05:14 > 0:05:18NOISY CHATTER
0:09:12 > 0:09:14All right, OK.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16See you, man.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20Oh, yeah, I got a job now.
0:09:22 > 0:09:24No, it's in a corner shop store.
0:09:24 > 0:09:29But I get £7 an hour, so I'll be rolling.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33And then I'll come visit you, probably. Probably, if you're lucky.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35If you're lucky.
0:09:36 > 0:09:38No, I'm joking!
0:09:38 > 0:09:42As soon as I get my first pay cheque, train booked, everything.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48I have missed you, I have missed you.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52Like the smidge-ist bit, you get me? Not too much.
0:09:52 > 0:09:54Not too little, though,
0:09:54 > 0:09:57so I don't want you to think that I don't miss you at all.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00I'll speak to you in a bit, then.
0:10:00 > 0:10:01All right then.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05All right. Easy.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25It's like, nothing can touch me at that moment of time, like,
0:10:25 > 0:10:29I'm the coolest dancer in Manchester. In my head, obviously!
0:10:29 > 0:10:31But that's what you've got to think.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36I'd love to be a dancer, that is what I want to be.
0:10:38 > 0:10:42But, like, I look after my little brother, so that's kind of a stop.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45Because I have to look after him from 8am to 8pm.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50Money comes in here a lot, because if you don't have money,
0:10:50 > 0:10:52then you can't get to the place where you need to perform,
0:10:52 > 0:10:54or the place where you need to audition.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Because if you're low on money, then you can't get there.
0:10:57 > 0:10:59If you can get there, how you getting back?
0:11:02 > 0:11:08CHILDREN SING IN OWN LANGUAGE
0:11:32 > 0:11:35And that's us off. A year after the uprising of 2014,
0:11:35 > 0:11:37the Ukrainian government passed a law
0:11:37 > 0:11:40insisting that all Communist monuments had to be removed.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45Over 2,500 statues were taken down,
0:11:45 > 0:11:48and one lucky Engels gets a new home in Manchester.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54When he arrives, he will be taken to Engels's Exchange,
0:11:54 > 0:11:58a square transformed for one day into a shared space of ideas,
0:11:58 > 0:12:00and the kind of a good time which Engels loved.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05As well as being a committed revolutionary,
0:12:05 > 0:12:09his favourite saying, unbelievably, was the very Mancunian,
0:12:09 > 0:12:11"take it easy".
0:12:11 > 0:12:14I invited local activists and community groups
0:12:14 > 0:12:17to set up stations where they could discuss with the public
0:12:17 > 0:12:20the continuities between today's situation and Engels's work.
0:12:22 > 0:12:24He should be as relevant to us today
0:12:24 > 0:12:26as he was for the Russian Revolution.
0:12:26 > 0:12:29You get sent home now. You get sent home.
0:12:33 > 0:12:35Why are you going to the palace?
0:12:35 > 0:12:37Because that's where the Emperor is.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39We got him, we've got Russia.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42We've got factories!
0:12:42 > 0:12:44Roll the dice.
0:12:44 > 0:12:45Boom!
0:12:45 > 0:12:47THEY CHEER
0:13:06 > 0:13:11So, that was Friedrich Engels on his way.
0:13:15 > 0:13:17Who is Friedrich Engels?
0:13:18 > 0:13:22Well, the son of a German mill owner.
0:13:24 > 0:13:28And the family owned a factory in Weaste in Salford.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31It's called Ermen and Engels.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34And later on, it gets called Winterbottoms,
0:13:34 > 0:13:37some of you might remember it as Winterbottoms.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41In 1842, Engels's dad says, "Right, son,
0:13:41 > 0:13:46"it's your turn to go to Manchester and take over the family business."
0:13:46 > 0:13:52So he's 22 years old, and he comes over here, starts off as a clerk,
0:13:52 > 0:13:55and later steps into the boss seat.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59And that's the brilliant contradiction about this man.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02He's a capitalist boss by day,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05but he's a Communist party animal by night.
0:14:05 > 0:14:09And he spends the next 20 years living, and loving,
0:14:09 > 0:14:11and working in Manchester.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14And he does fall in love,
0:14:14 > 0:14:16he falls in love with a woman on the factory floor,
0:14:16 > 0:14:19and her name is Mary Burns.
0:14:19 > 0:14:24They don't get married, because they don't believe in marriage.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27They don't believe in the idea of women as property.
0:14:29 > 0:14:33We haven't got any pictures of Mary, we don't know what she looked like.
0:14:33 > 0:14:36But she's really important in the story of Engels,
0:14:36 > 0:14:39because she took him into the back streets of Manchester,
0:14:39 > 0:14:42and she showed him the real life of the working people,
0:14:42 > 0:14:47which at that time was poor housing, ill health,
0:14:47 > 0:14:49exploitation, overcrowding,
0:14:49 > 0:14:52and a general lack of workers' rights.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54Sound familiar?
0:14:57 > 0:15:01And after Mary's death, he actually takes up with her sister, Lizzie,
0:15:01 > 0:15:03and on Lizzie's deathbed,
0:15:03 > 0:15:05Engels goes against his principles
0:15:05 > 0:15:08and he marries her, to fulfil her dying wish.
0:15:08 > 0:15:11What a guy.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17You know, I was 28 when I had my stroke.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19I woke up and thought, "this is unusual".
0:15:19 > 0:15:23I always remember your face just dropped,
0:15:23 > 0:15:25you just looked...
0:15:25 > 0:15:27I tried to stay strong,
0:15:27 > 0:15:30but that broke my heart when I seen you walking like that.
0:15:31 > 0:15:34- What have you got for dinner? - Salad sandwich.
0:15:34 > 0:15:38Woohoo, not beans on toast today, then, with cheese on top?
0:15:38 > 0:15:41- No, that's your speciality, isn't it?- Yeah.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46I still get stiffness now.
0:15:46 > 0:15:48When I tell people about it, I say that you can't see it
0:15:48 > 0:15:50until you really look.
0:15:50 > 0:15:52Because, like, when you're picking up stuff, you know...
0:15:52 > 0:15:55Or carrying them cups, and spill it all over people?
0:15:55 > 0:15:57But if people just see you how you are...
0:15:57 > 0:15:59I thought that was funny, that isn't funny.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02Remember when I kicked someone? I was riding my bike!
0:16:02 > 0:16:06I was riding my bike once, because I weren't allowed to drive at first,
0:16:06 > 0:16:08and then I kicked someone!
0:16:08 > 0:16:10Oh, no, I've had a stroke!
0:16:10 > 0:16:12They were looking at me like they were going to beat me up!
0:16:12 > 0:16:15She was dead good though, you came back to work quite quickly.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17I couldn't afford to stay off, could I?
0:16:17 > 0:16:19I've got no money.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21But that's how it is, isn't it?
0:16:21 > 0:16:22I don't know how we do it.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25Sometimes I don't know how we do it.
0:16:29 > 0:16:33"Of course, only a few actually die of hunger.
0:16:33 > 0:16:35"But what guarantee has the worker
0:16:35 > 0:16:38"that this will not be her fate tomorrow?
0:16:39 > 0:16:41"Who will give her security of employment,
0:16:41 > 0:16:44"if for any cause her employer dismisses her?
0:16:44 > 0:16:48"Who will ensure that success will follow the practice of honesty,
0:16:48 > 0:16:50"hard work, and thrift?
0:16:50 > 0:16:53"Those virtues so heartily recommended
0:16:53 > 0:16:56"by the middle classes in their wisdom.
0:16:56 > 0:16:57"Nobody.
0:16:57 > 0:17:02"The worker knows only too well that employment and food today
0:17:02 > 0:17:05"do not mean employment and food tomorrow."
0:17:10 > 0:17:13Make no mistake.
0:17:13 > 0:17:18The tenor of the times, paying for banks to lift your pockets.
0:17:18 > 0:17:23For millionaires to vent their fears and rage on you.
0:17:23 > 0:17:28Watching your freedom like an egg timer.
0:17:28 > 0:17:33Like some limping sitcom you can't switch off.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35Forking out
0:17:35 > 0:17:38to be a hostage of pleasure.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42Wanking over bank statements,
0:17:42 > 0:17:46and paying for your own prison cell in easy instalments.
0:17:47 > 0:17:50Hi, there! Have you ever thought about shoplifting?
0:17:50 > 0:17:51It's a really great time to start.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54There's 2,000 less police on the streets.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56Crime's down, shoplifting's up.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59It's a fantastic time to do it.
0:18:02 > 0:18:05SHE MAKES A BEEPING SOUND
0:18:05 > 0:18:08But they're not on my case because I've actually created a mystery bag.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10Are you anti-austerity?
0:18:10 > 0:18:13Well, actually, there is an increase in shoplifting due to austerity,
0:18:13 > 0:18:16a lot of people shoplift for their dinner and personal hygiene.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21But you do not know about pioneers, for example.
0:18:21 > 0:18:26- The pioneers' work. Partisans. - Oh, partisans?- Yeah.
0:18:26 > 0:18:30- Chetniks?- Chetniks? Yeah. - National Liberation Army?
0:20:35 > 0:20:38"Instead of rising with the progress of industry,
0:20:38 > 0:20:42"the modern labourer sinks deeper and deeper
0:20:42 > 0:20:45"below the conditions of existence,
0:20:45 > 0:20:49"and is allowed to live only insofar
0:20:49 > 0:20:53"as the interest of the ruling class requires it.
0:20:54 > 0:20:58"The worker is, in fact, the slave of the middle-class capitalists.
0:20:58 > 0:21:04"He is a slave because he is sold in the same way as goods are sold.
0:21:04 > 0:21:07"He is sold piecemeal by the day,
0:21:07 > 0:21:11"the week, or by the year.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14"He is not sold by one owner to another,
0:21:14 > 0:21:18"but he is forced to sell himself in this fashion."
0:21:23 > 0:21:27Hi, good morning. I'm ringing from a work club in Cheatham Hill
0:21:27 > 0:21:29in Manchester, on behalf of one of my clients,
0:21:29 > 0:21:31who would like to apply for Job-seeker's Allowance.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36- Have you had Job-seeker's Allowance in the last six months?- No.
0:21:36 > 0:21:38No, he hasn't, he hasn't, no.
0:21:41 > 0:21:46He's had a job at the Amazon warehouse.
0:21:48 > 0:21:50Yes, he has, he's had housing benefit, yeah.
0:21:53 > 0:21:56Oh, so you can put a claim in for housing benefit at the same time?
0:21:56 > 0:21:59Do you want us to put a claim for housing benefit at the same time?
0:21:59 > 0:22:01- Please, yeah. - Yes, please, yes, please.
0:22:01 > 0:22:05- No, you don't own the property, do you?- No.- No. He'd like to.
0:22:05 > 0:22:07No, I'm only joking, he doesn't own it, no.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12Who lives at the property where you are now?
0:22:12 > 0:22:15There's eight other people, it's like a shared house.
0:22:15 > 0:22:17He lives with eight other people.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22Yeah. Have you got a partner?
0:22:22 > 0:22:24- No.- No, he doesn't have a partner, no.
0:22:27 > 0:22:28Um...
0:22:29 > 0:22:31Sorry, what's your sexuality?
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- Do you know?- I'm a man.
0:22:34 > 0:22:35- Yeah, do you...- I'm male.
0:22:35 > 0:22:38Do you like women, or...
0:22:38 > 0:22:40- Cars?- ..men?
0:22:40 > 0:22:43Yeah, he's heterosexual.
0:22:43 > 0:22:44Huh?!
0:22:44 > 0:22:47INAUDIBLE
0:22:50 > 0:22:52- You don't share your room?- No.
0:22:52 > 0:22:53No, he doesn't, no, he's on his own.
0:22:56 > 0:22:57Do you have your own bathroom?
0:22:59 > 0:23:00No.
0:23:00 > 0:23:02No, it's a communal bathroom.
0:23:02 > 0:23:04- Yeah.- Do you have your own kitchen?
0:23:05 > 0:23:08- No, it's a shared kitchen. - Shared kitchen, as well.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11Yeah, it's communal, a communal kitchen.
0:23:12 > 0:23:16Yeah, yeah, he's just been working, so he is permitted to work.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19Do you have £16,000 in savings?
0:23:21 > 0:23:24It'd be nice. I wish I had it. No, he doesn't have it.
0:23:24 > 0:23:27No, no, sorry. I haven't got it either. No, he hasn't got £16,000.
0:23:31 > 0:23:33Have you got any more small plates?
0:23:38 > 0:23:44..with ballpoint pens, cooking up schemes to cost cut your future.
0:23:45 > 0:23:47Can they charge you for walking?
0:23:47 > 0:23:49They'd probably like to.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52Charge you for drinking water, they already do.
0:23:52 > 0:23:54Charge you for pissing?
0:23:54 > 0:23:55They do that, too.
0:23:55 > 0:23:59For breathing in air, or looking up at the stars at night.
0:24:14 > 0:24:18And the marketing companies are the extremists of the age,
0:24:18 > 0:24:21writing large,
0:24:21 > 0:24:23believing in nothing.
0:24:23 > 0:24:25They don't care about you.
0:24:25 > 0:24:28They'll never care about you.
0:24:28 > 0:24:30APPLAUSE
0:24:33 > 0:24:37..the different connections between people who are sat here, yeah?
0:24:37 > 0:24:40We've got the phone line,
0:24:40 > 0:24:43and a brother, and he's connected to the driver
0:24:43 > 0:24:45by trying to make phone calls...
0:24:45 > 0:24:47"The whole legal system has been devised
0:24:47 > 0:24:51"to protect those who own property from those who do not.
0:24:52 > 0:24:56"The laws are needed only because people exist who have no property.
0:24:58 > 0:25:00"If the worker cannot find employment,
0:25:00 > 0:25:02"he can steal.
0:25:02 > 0:25:05"Unless he's afraid of the police.
0:25:05 > 0:25:07"Or he can go hungry,
0:25:07 > 0:25:10"and then the police will see to it that he will die of hunger
0:25:10 > 0:25:15"in such a way as not to disturb the equanimity of the middle classes.
0:25:16 > 0:25:20"The English workers call this social murder."
0:25:44 > 0:25:47SHE LAUGHS
0:26:07 > 0:26:10A ceremony is ultimately an act of collaboration,
0:26:10 > 0:26:14and I knew I'd need an anthem to roll out the red carpet for Engels.
0:26:16 > 0:26:20And if you want an anthem for statue of a communist revolutionary...
0:26:23 > 0:26:25..who better to ask than Gruff Rhys,
0:26:25 > 0:26:28a North Walian Renaissance socialist pop star
0:26:28 > 0:26:31with an original Soviet Polivoks synth at hand?
0:26:33 > 0:26:37This sort of thing any good, Gruff, this sound?
0:26:38 > 0:26:42TECHNO BEAT
0:26:54 > 0:26:56# All that's saw it
0:26:58 > 0:27:00# Melts into it
0:27:02 > 0:27:05# We've got nothing to lose
0:27:05 > 0:27:08# But our chains
0:27:10 > 0:27:13# Hail the oppressor
0:27:13 > 0:27:16# That frees the oppressed
0:27:16 > 0:27:21# We've got nothing to lose
0:27:21 > 0:27:24# But our chains
0:27:25 > 0:27:28# Renationalise
0:27:29 > 0:27:32# The hope in your eyes
0:27:34 > 0:27:37# We've got nothing to lose
0:27:37 > 0:27:40# But your chains
0:27:41 > 0:27:45# Don't rationalise
0:27:45 > 0:27:48# The jars on your mind
0:27:48 > 0:27:53# We've got nothing to lose
0:27:53 > 0:27:56# But your chains... #
0:27:56 > 0:28:00What does Engels think of as he travels from east to west?
0:28:00 > 0:28:03Does he recognise places and sites?
0:28:03 > 0:28:05Have they changed much since his time?
0:28:07 > 0:28:10I've lived in Berlin for ten years now.
0:28:10 > 0:28:14It's a city which forces you to confront the fact
0:28:14 > 0:28:17that society's unwilling to reflect on its own ideological structures.
0:28:22 > 0:28:24East Germany was an autocratic police state,
0:28:24 > 0:28:27with a ruling elite obsessed with surveillance,
0:28:27 > 0:28:31and unelected leaders dominated by the interests of the superpower.
0:28:31 > 0:28:33Sound like anywhere you know?
0:28:41 > 0:28:43The mass-organised May Day parades,
0:28:43 > 0:28:46with their emphasis on solidarity and liberation movements,
0:28:46 > 0:28:50were part of what I thought of when I dreamed of Engel's Exchange.
0:28:51 > 0:28:55I wanted to remember a socialism not of uniform activity,
0:28:55 > 0:28:57but of collective interests.
0:29:00 > 0:29:03Berlin still has competing ideologies riven into the city.
0:29:06 > 0:29:08With the West cannibalizing the East,
0:29:08 > 0:29:11building castles and banks in what was once public space.
0:29:13 > 0:29:17Which begs the central question, what is liberation?
0:29:17 > 0:29:19Liberated into what?
0:29:21 > 0:29:23Good morning, Julie!
0:29:23 > 0:29:25How many orders have you got in?
0:29:28 > 0:29:30Right, seven. OK, that's not a problem.
0:29:30 > 0:29:33How many children in the families?
0:29:35 > 0:29:39Right, OK. So baby formula, wipes... Er...
0:29:41 > 0:29:43Yeah, brilliant.
0:29:43 > 0:29:46No, I can do that, I'm just getting to the food bank now.
0:29:47 > 0:29:50Yeah, that's great. All right, see you in a little while.
0:29:50 > 0:29:51Bye-bye!
0:30:03 > 0:30:06- All right, Jude? - Yeah, I delivered the food.
0:30:06 > 0:30:09- I think I managed to get everything, even the nappies.- Oh, good.
0:30:19 > 0:30:23- Right, no worries, I'll copy you into it as usual.- Okey doke.
0:30:33 > 0:30:35Where have you come from?
0:30:35 > 0:30:38- Wythenshawe.- Wythenshawe?- Yeah. - Didn't realise it was that far away.
0:30:38 > 0:30:41What's it like, the place you're in? Is it all right?
0:30:41 > 0:30:44- Yeah, it's all right, yeah. - Is it all women, or all men, or...
0:30:44 > 0:30:47It's all men, and there's me, and one old woman.
0:30:47 > 0:30:49- Is that all?- Yeah.
0:30:49 > 0:30:51There's only two women in the place?
0:30:51 > 0:30:53- Yeah.- What are they like? What sort of people are in there?
0:30:53 > 0:30:56Like, everyone, obviously apart from me...
0:30:56 > 0:30:59- Yeah?- ..takes heroin and stuff.
0:30:59 > 0:31:01- Really?- Crack, spice, and drinks...
0:31:01 > 0:31:04And what do the staff do about it?
0:31:04 > 0:31:06It's a wet house, you're allowed.
0:31:06 > 0:31:08Oh, is it a wet house? Right, I didn't realise.
0:31:08 > 0:31:11- When I went to the Booth Centre... - Mm?
0:31:11 > 0:31:13..someone hit me.
0:31:13 > 0:31:18- Right.- So, then I got took straight to the top of the list,
0:31:18 > 0:31:20because it was a danger, me being on the street.
0:31:24 > 0:31:26- How old is he?- He's six.
0:31:27 > 0:31:31Because I was thinking about supervised visits...
0:31:31 > 0:31:33Like babies, because you've had him for five years,
0:31:33 > 0:31:36with babies, if someone's homeless and pregnant,
0:31:36 > 0:31:39the baby's more or less usually removed at birth,
0:31:39 > 0:31:41and then they've got to jump through all the hoops with social services
0:31:41 > 0:31:43before they can have the baby back.
0:31:43 > 0:31:45And you had him for five years before he went away,
0:31:45 > 0:31:48so you got that built-up relationship with him.
0:31:48 > 0:31:52- Yeah.- So, I think the stuff that we're going to do with you
0:31:52 > 0:31:54is increase contact first, what do you think?
0:31:54 > 0:31:58It wouldn't be suitable for him to him stay overnight, would it?
0:31:58 > 0:32:01No, he's not allowed in. He's got to be over 16 to stay there.
0:32:01 > 0:32:04Right. Where are you up to with him at the minute?
0:32:04 > 0:32:08I see him every two weeks, so twice a month,
0:32:08 > 0:32:11and I have phone contact on a Sunday.
0:32:11 > 0:32:15When he gets on the phone, like, if he's got something in front of him,
0:32:15 > 0:32:17he's, like, showing me.
0:32:17 > 0:32:19You know what I mean? I can't see, though!
0:32:19 > 0:32:22- He thinks he's showing you. - Yeah, he goes, "Can you see it?".
0:32:22 > 0:32:26- I see.- Yeah.- If I could wave a magic wand and sort everything out for you
0:32:26 > 0:32:28now, what would it be?
0:32:28 > 0:32:29Um...
0:32:29 > 0:32:33Just me and Thomas in our own house together.
0:32:45 > 0:32:48"So what, they said to the poor is,
0:32:48 > 0:32:53"you have the right to exist, but just to exist, and no more.
0:32:53 > 0:32:56"You have certainly no right to breed,
0:32:56 > 0:33:00"still less to live in a civilised world like normal human beings.
0:33:00 > 0:33:02"You are like a plague.
0:33:02 > 0:33:06"We shall stop you from contaminating others
0:33:06 > 0:33:10"who might become idle or unemployed through your evil example.
0:33:11 > 0:33:13"We shall let you live,
0:33:13 > 0:33:16"but only as an awful example to others
0:33:16 > 0:33:18"who might be tempted to become superfluous."
0:33:23 > 0:33:25Public statues are interesting,
0:33:25 > 0:33:28because even though they memorialize the ideology of a nation,
0:33:28 > 0:33:30they become invisible over time.
0:33:32 > 0:33:35Like everybody, when I look at a statue, I ask myself,
0:33:35 > 0:33:39can statues feel? And, what do they see?
0:33:41 > 0:33:45Are they excited about the changes in fashions and tastes?
0:33:45 > 0:33:49The tourists and the stray dogs, the spliffs and the cruisers?
0:33:49 > 0:33:51The demonstrations and rallies?
0:33:51 > 0:33:53First dates and break-ups?
0:33:53 > 0:33:55Pension days and riot squads?
0:33:55 > 0:34:00Are they minded by the bird shit, the piss, and the drizzle?
0:34:00 > 0:34:02The scorching heat, and the slow death of snow?
0:34:04 > 0:34:06What does the onslaught of decades feel like?
0:34:08 > 0:34:11In 2010, I was working on a film with former Marxist teachers.
0:34:11 > 0:34:15I heard that an iconic statue of Marx and Engels
0:34:15 > 0:34:17was going to be moved from its original location
0:34:17 > 0:34:19to a nearby less conspicuous site.
0:34:19 > 0:34:22Discreetly obscured by bushes,
0:34:22 > 0:34:25and cruelly reorientated to face the West.
0:35:28 > 0:35:29Ah!
0:35:29 > 0:35:31Ooh!
0:35:32 > 0:35:35If you're paying in order to be cared for in the home,
0:35:35 > 0:35:38then what happens is that your first and foremost experience
0:35:38 > 0:35:41of that violence is coming from that institution.
0:35:41 > 0:35:45If you're a service user of the welfare state, or job centre,
0:35:45 > 0:35:46if you're a job seeker,
0:35:46 > 0:35:49your first and foremost experience of that violence
0:35:49 > 0:35:51is coming from the job centre.
0:35:51 > 0:35:52If you're a service user of the NHS,
0:35:52 > 0:35:55your experience of violence has come from the NHS,
0:35:55 > 0:35:58and that's what we mean by "institutional violence".
0:36:14 > 0:36:18Can you take the front off. I'm going to do the mounting underneath.
0:36:18 > 0:36:22- How much did you pay for this one? - 80 quid.
0:36:22 > 0:36:24What do you reckon we'll get for it?
0:36:25 > 0:36:27Eh?
0:36:27 > 0:36:29Hopefully more than £80!
0:36:29 > 0:36:31Yeah, I know, but what though?
0:36:31 > 0:36:33The cat's 60.
0:36:33 > 0:36:35Yeah, that was £60 for the engine.
0:36:35 > 0:36:38£60 for the engine, that's 120.
0:36:39 > 0:36:4260, for the car, the shell...
0:36:42 > 0:36:44Yeah, that'll cover...
0:36:44 > 0:36:46So that's £180, is it?
0:36:46 > 0:36:49- Yeah.- And then you've got, how many good tyres for it?
0:36:49 > 0:36:51- Wheels, three.- Three good tyres, tenner a tyre.- 30 quid.
0:36:51 > 0:36:53£210, alloys?
0:36:53 > 0:36:55- And the alloys, yeah.- £40?
0:36:55 > 0:36:58- Yeah.- 250, spend £80 on it.
0:36:58 > 0:37:01- Do the maths. - You didn't go to school, you?
0:37:01 > 0:37:04No, I'm no good at maths! You know I'm not, I'm useless at it!
0:37:05 > 0:37:07- I did go to school! - Yeah, not very often.
0:37:07 > 0:37:11I didn't start learning to read and write, though, till I was about 13.
0:37:39 > 0:37:42- You know what book I read, don't you?- Uh, The Governor?
0:37:42 > 0:37:45- The only book I've ever read... - LAUGHTER
0:37:45 > 0:37:46What are you laughing at?!
0:37:46 > 0:37:49- It's the only book.- It don't mean I'm what's it called, illiterate?
0:37:49 > 0:37:51- Is that the right word?- No.
0:37:51 > 0:37:54- I can read. - Well, you ain't illiterate then.
0:37:54 > 0:37:55I can read a newspaper.
0:37:55 > 0:37:58- Doesn't make a difference. - You know where I read that book?
0:37:58 > 0:38:00- Eh?- Buckley Hall.- Yeah.
0:38:00 > 0:38:02- Robbery, wasn't it?- Robbery, yeah.
0:38:02 > 0:38:06Two sleeves with eyes cut out of it!
0:38:06 > 0:38:08Two knots at the end of it.
0:38:08 > 0:38:11I remember! I still remember that like yesterday!
0:38:17 > 0:38:21"The middle classes have little to hope and much to fear
0:38:21 > 0:38:23"from the education of the workers.
0:38:25 > 0:38:29"It is in the interest of the middle classes that wages should be high
0:38:29 > 0:38:32"enough to enable the workers to bring up their children,
0:38:32 > 0:38:35"who will, in due course, be fit for regular employment.
0:38:35 > 0:38:40"On the other hand, the worker's wages must be low enough
0:38:40 > 0:38:43"to force him to send his children to the factory,
0:38:43 > 0:38:47"rather than encourage them to improve their lot by training
0:38:47 > 0:38:50"for something better than mere factory labour."
0:38:50 > 0:38:54- I have to do six more than you. - Yeah, I know, I told you to do that.
0:38:56 > 0:38:58- All right, Dad?- All right, love?
0:38:58 > 0:39:01- What have you been up to?- School. - Everything all right at school?
0:39:01 > 0:39:04How did the exam go?
0:39:04 > 0:39:06Ahh, don't shut my fingers...
0:39:06 > 0:39:08- It went crap!- Why?
0:39:08 > 0:39:11- Well, I just couldn't do it.- What do you mean, you couldn't do it?
0:39:11 > 0:39:14- Dad, I just couldn't do it. - You revised for it, didn't you?
0:39:14 > 0:39:17Well, I've tried, I just can't do it.
0:39:17 > 0:39:19You need to try harder, mate, try harder.
0:39:19 > 0:39:21Try harder? I'm trying my hardest!
0:39:21 > 0:39:24- Yeah, whatever.- Oh, you know what? I don't care, whatever.
0:39:24 > 0:39:27Let's get these in, Dave. Get the ramps put in.
0:39:36 > 0:39:37Come on, love.
0:39:37 > 0:39:41- Eh?- What?- Well, tell us, you know, how bad's it gone?
0:39:41 > 0:39:43Rubbish, dad, it went crap.
0:39:43 > 0:39:46Why did it go crap? Did you finish it, did you complete it?
0:39:46 > 0:39:49- No.- Well, you've had time to revise it.
0:39:49 > 0:39:51Dad, I've not been able to do it,
0:39:51 > 0:39:54I don't have a clue about what's going on with any of these papers.
0:39:54 > 0:39:57I told the teacher, and she just couldn't care less.
0:39:57 > 0:40:00I can see your teacher, see if you can do it again, or something.
0:40:00 > 0:40:03There's got to be something we can do, isn't there? Eh?
0:40:03 > 0:40:06- Having my own room would help.- What?
0:40:06 > 0:40:08I just can't focus in there, Dad.
0:40:08 > 0:40:10All there ever is screaming and mess.
0:40:10 > 0:40:13Listen, people make do with what they've got, yeah?
0:40:13 > 0:40:16That's what they do, love, so cheer up.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19Come on. I'll see your teacher, see if you can get a re-sit, yeah?
0:40:19 > 0:40:23- Like she's going to listen to you! - Yeah, she's going to listen to me.
0:40:23 > 0:40:24Stop trying to cheer me up.
0:40:24 > 0:40:26Why? Is this cheering you up?
0:40:26 > 0:40:27- Is it?- No...
0:40:27 > 0:40:30Oh, come on, I know what I'm talking about.
0:40:30 > 0:40:32I know what I'm doing, I'll see your teacher.
0:40:32 > 0:40:34Cheer up, don't let it get you down, yeah?
0:40:34 > 0:40:36- You don't want to work at McDonald's, do you?- No.
0:40:36 > 0:40:39- So what do you want to do? - I want to be a poet.
0:40:39 > 0:40:42Well there you go. Don't let it get you down, yeah?
0:40:42 > 0:40:45- All right.- All right, don't worry about it.- Ow!
0:40:45 > 0:40:47Stop right away!
0:40:47 > 0:40:51- All right? Don't let it worry you. Yeah?- All right.
0:40:51 > 0:40:52You make me proud.
0:41:17 > 0:41:20There's not that many traces of Engels left in Manchester.
0:41:20 > 0:41:24Partly because he moved around a lot, and lived under pseudonyms.
0:41:24 > 0:41:28Partly because they knock everything down in Manchester
0:41:28 > 0:41:32to build luxury flats and office blocks.
0:41:39 > 0:41:41But, in the working-class movement library,
0:41:41 > 0:41:45there's a portfolio scrapbook made by a local schoolteacher,
0:41:45 > 0:41:48Roy Whitfield, who, when he retired in the 1980s,
0:41:48 > 0:41:52dedicated his life to going around Manchester and Salford,
0:41:52 > 0:41:55photographing the sites where Engels lived and work.
0:41:55 > 0:42:00OK, so the portfolio's called Friedrich Engels in Manchester.
0:42:00 > 0:42:031842 to 1844,
0:42:03 > 0:42:05and 1851 to 1870.
0:42:05 > 0:42:09So those were the two crucial periods when Engels was resident
0:42:09 > 0:42:11- in Manchester.- Yeah.- And...
0:42:13 > 0:42:14..according to this photograph,
0:42:14 > 0:42:18this is where they began writing the manifesto.
0:42:18 > 0:42:20- Yeah.- The Communist Manifesto.
0:42:20 > 0:42:22It's just to the back of Victoria Station.
0:42:32 > 0:42:34- That was where they moved from. - Right.
0:42:34 > 0:42:39- And that's Cecil Street now. - Yeah, yeah. Wow, gosh. It's changed.
0:42:42 > 0:42:45- And this is...- Moss Lane East. - Yeah.- Yeah.
0:42:48 > 0:42:50That must be the Central Library.
0:42:50 > 0:42:52That's the Central Library.
0:42:52 > 0:42:541856.
0:42:54 > 0:42:58Probably around the time that Dickens was doing talks there.
0:43:08 > 0:43:11I think this is Victoria Mills.
0:43:11 > 0:43:13That was Engels's factory, wasn't it?
0:43:13 > 0:43:16- Yeah.- This is obviously the photographs from the 1980s.
0:43:18 > 0:43:20- And it's changed already since the 1980s.- Yeah.
0:43:20 > 0:43:22I think it's a motorway, isn't it?
0:43:22 > 0:43:25I keep getting confused with my bearings
0:43:25 > 0:43:27because it's changed so much.
0:43:29 > 0:43:33But this was the area where people emigrated to during the famine...
0:43:33 > 0:43:35- Ah.- ..in Ireland.
0:43:35 > 0:43:37There used to be a homeless hostel.
0:43:37 > 0:43:39And that's gone now.
0:43:45 > 0:43:46A few months before Ceremony,
0:43:46 > 0:43:50I came across a rooftop protest just across from what in Engels's time
0:43:50 > 0:43:53used to be the slums of "Little Ireland".
0:43:55 > 0:43:59A group of rough sleepers squatted in an empty building for shelter.
0:44:00 > 0:44:02It's been slated for redevelopment,
0:44:02 > 0:44:04and the authorities have tried to evict them.
0:44:07 > 0:44:11Homelessness in Manchester is at an all-time high.
0:44:14 > 0:44:17The protest made me think again about the magnetic power of simple,
0:44:17 > 0:44:19everyday resistance,
0:44:19 > 0:44:21and its immediate abstraction into spectacle.
0:44:36 > 0:44:38Abroad on a raft.
0:44:38 > 0:44:40In my own back yard.
0:44:40 > 0:44:43Discounted outlet to drive to on the edges of town.
0:44:43 > 0:44:49And the breadline queues of Britain, its prisons fit to bursting.
0:44:49 > 0:44:50And you?
0:44:50 > 0:44:56Tired for the ache of admiring all the new cars owned by no-one.
0:44:56 > 0:44:59Arm wrestled into convenience,
0:44:59 > 0:45:02frog marched into debt.
0:45:02 > 0:45:05Lie back, and take one up the arse
0:45:05 > 0:45:09for an England of white teeth detention centres,
0:45:09 > 0:45:12and the undeserving persecuted.
0:45:30 > 0:45:34"Terrible poverty prevails among factory workers in Wuppertal.
0:45:34 > 0:45:38"Out of 2,500 children of school age,
0:45:38 > 0:45:44"1,200 are deprived of education and grow up in factories,
0:45:44 > 0:45:48"mainly so that the manufacturer need not pay the adults
0:45:48 > 0:45:51"twice the wage he pays a child.
0:45:51 > 0:45:55"But the wealthy manufacturers have a flexible conscience,
0:45:55 > 0:45:59"and causing the death of one child more, or one less,
0:45:59 > 0:46:02"does not doom a pietous soul to hell,
0:46:02 > 0:46:06"especially if he goes to Church twice every Sunday."
0:46:06 > 0:46:09CHURCH BELLS TOLL
0:46:48 > 0:46:50I live half my time in Wuppertal.
0:46:50 > 0:46:54It's in North Rhine-Westphalia, the industrial heartland of Europe.
0:46:54 > 0:46:55And in the 19th century,
0:46:55 > 0:46:58Wuppertal was known as the Manchester of Germany.
0:46:58 > 0:47:01It's where Engels was born and grew up.
0:47:03 > 0:47:06There's a replica of his family home,
0:47:06 > 0:47:08and a museum for early industrialization.
0:47:08 > 0:47:12And the Chinese, for whom Engels is still a household name,
0:47:12 > 0:47:15recently sent a new statue as a gift to the city.
0:49:52 > 0:49:56Next to the area north of Jordan,
0:49:56 > 0:49:58next to Palestine and Lebanon.
0:49:58 > 0:50:01I'm from this small town, it's called Dafna.
0:50:01 > 0:50:05I used to live in Damascus, and I used to study in the city.
0:50:07 > 0:50:09I fell in love with a girl.
0:50:09 > 0:50:11I asked my dad, I want to marry that girl.
0:50:11 > 0:50:15He said, "How do you want to marry her if you don't have money?"
0:50:31 > 0:50:34"Though my English may not be pure,
0:50:34 > 0:50:38"I hope you will find it plain English.
0:50:38 > 0:50:42"No working man in England treated me as a foreigner.
0:50:44 > 0:50:45"With the greatest pleasure,
0:50:45 > 0:50:49"I observe you to be free from that blasting curse.
0:50:49 > 0:50:52"National prejudice and national pride,
0:50:52 > 0:50:57"which, after all, means nothing but wholesale selfishness.
0:50:58 > 0:51:02"I observe you to sympathise with everyone
0:51:02 > 0:51:06"who earnestly applies his powers to human progress,
0:51:06 > 0:51:09"to admire everything great and good,
0:51:09 > 0:51:12"whether nursed on your native soil or not.
0:51:14 > 0:51:17"I found you to be more than mere Englishmen,
0:51:17 > 0:51:20"members of a single isolated nation..."
0:51:21 > 0:51:24"I found you to be man.
0:51:24 > 0:51:28"Members of a great and universal family of mankind,
0:51:28 > 0:51:33"who know their interest, and that of all the human race
0:51:33 > 0:51:35"to be the same."
0:51:57 > 0:52:01So we make it back with a statue born in a Ukrainian Village in 1970,
0:52:01 > 0:52:03made by an unknown sculptor.
0:52:05 > 0:52:08What would Engels think of England today?
0:52:08 > 0:52:12Why is the undisclosed war on those with the least
0:52:12 > 0:52:15dressed in the rhetoric of nationalism and xenophobia?
0:52:17 > 0:52:20In what forms are the relentless pursuit of profit and resources
0:52:20 > 0:52:24responsible for the violence of austerity and the refugee crisis?
0:52:26 > 0:52:28And who would he see as the new proletariat?
0:52:33 > 0:52:37I imagine he'd see links where we seem to have stopped looking,
0:52:37 > 0:52:40and that he'd read them as part of the ongoing struggle
0:52:40 > 0:52:43between property, capital, and the working-class.
0:52:43 > 0:52:46And without a doubt, the sites of potential change.
0:53:20 > 0:53:23# Engels had an angle
0:53:23 > 0:53:26# On this world I've joined
0:53:28 > 0:53:31# With the workers international
0:53:31 > 0:53:34# World-wide
0:53:34 > 0:53:38# But Weaste was his base
0:53:38 > 0:53:42# To reconfigure our race
0:53:42 > 0:53:48# Against capitalism's brutal shackles
0:53:48 > 0:53:50# And pain
0:53:50 > 0:53:55# Maybe Marxism had the x-factor
0:53:55 > 0:54:01# That's Engels-ism never had... #
0:54:01 > 0:54:03Watch you don't go on the road!
0:54:03 > 0:54:07- Are you all right?- Yes. - You look tired.
0:54:11 > 0:54:15- Are they new shoes?- Yeah! - You've got the creep!
0:54:15 > 0:54:18I wanted to ask her if it's all right.
0:54:18 > 0:54:20She might want white shoes.
0:54:27 > 0:54:29Give me a hand with crossing the road.
0:54:31 > 0:54:33So you can sunbathe!
0:54:35 > 0:54:38- Watch your step, Auntie Mary. - How was work yesterday?- OK.
0:54:38 > 0:54:41I know you guys have got two weeks off.
0:54:41 > 0:54:44- Yes!- I'm not! It'll cost a fortune.
0:54:46 > 0:54:48# But our chains
0:54:49 > 0:54:52# Hail the oppressor
0:54:53 > 0:54:56# That freed the oppressed... #
0:54:56 > 0:54:57Yeah!
0:54:57 > 0:55:02When we're busking, we can go, one, two, three!
0:55:06 > 0:55:07And one more time.
0:55:11 > 0:55:14Yeah!!
0:55:14 > 0:55:16They're not ready for this dance, man!
0:55:16 > 0:55:20# But our chains
0:55:24 > 0:55:28# ..the new age oligarch
0:55:30 > 0:55:32# Got nothing to lose
0:55:33 > 0:55:36# But our chains... #
0:55:36 > 0:55:40We find him a permanent site in Tony Wilson Place,
0:55:40 > 0:55:43outside an art centre fittingly called Home,
0:55:43 > 0:55:47and a stone's throw away from Little Ireland.
0:55:47 > 0:55:50Why bring Communism back to where it all started?
0:55:51 > 0:55:551989 brought the curtain down on one historical chapter,
0:55:55 > 0:55:58but socialism continues to evolve,
0:55:58 > 0:56:00and remains our best shot at human dignity.
0:56:00 > 0:56:05Or, in Engels's words, the choice is socialism or barbarism.
0:56:05 > 0:56:09Overhead in the skies above.
0:56:09 > 0:56:14The ghouls now speak on our behalf,
0:56:14 > 0:56:17half choked from burgers in the bins,
0:56:17 > 0:56:23half crazed from watching marathons of property shows,
0:56:23 > 0:56:27selling luxury flats that aren't yet built,
0:56:27 > 0:56:29to babies who aren't yet born.
0:56:29 > 0:56:32Turn your living rooms into cash,
0:56:32 > 0:56:35turn your cupboards into cash,
0:56:35 > 0:56:38turn your bedrooms into cash.
0:56:38 > 0:56:41Petty hatreds, cash.
0:56:42 > 0:56:44Here's a TV show idea.
0:56:44 > 0:56:48Children storm the palace, and the Windsors in electric chairs.
0:56:48 > 0:56:51Here's some primetime entertainment.
0:56:51 > 0:56:54Bankers in Strangeways hunger strike.
0:56:54 > 0:56:57Free, but ticketed event.
0:57:06 > 0:57:10CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:57:12 > 0:57:14# Communism's coming home
0:57:14 > 0:57:16# Communism's coming home
0:57:16 > 0:57:18# Communism's coming home
0:57:18 > 0:57:20# Communism's coming home
0:57:20 > 0:57:22# To roost
0:57:23 > 0:57:26# To roost
0:57:27 > 0:57:30# To roost
0:57:31 > 0:57:34# To roost
0:57:35 > 0:57:37# Communism's coming home
0:57:37 > 0:57:40# Communism's coming home
0:57:40 > 0:57:42# Communism's coming home
0:57:42 > 0:57:44# Communism's coming home
0:57:44 > 0:57:47# Communism's coming home
0:57:47 > 0:57:48# Communism's coming home
0:57:48 > 0:57:50# Communism's coming home
0:57:50 > 0:57:52# Communism's coming home
0:57:52 > 0:57:54# To roost
0:57:55 > 0:57:58# To roost
0:57:59 > 0:58:02# Nothing to lose
0:58:02 > 0:58:06# But our chains
0:58:08 > 0:58:10# We've got nothing to lose
0:58:10 > 0:58:14# But our chains
0:58:16 > 0:58:18# We've got nothing to lose
0:58:18 > 0:58:22# But our chains. #