0:00:03 > 0:00:08Cairo's Tahrir Square was at the heart of Egypt's revolution.
0:00:08 > 0:00:13Young people determined to overthrow President Mubarak and his regime.
0:00:14 > 0:00:17The Egyptian museum stands on the square.
0:00:17 > 0:00:21It is the heart of Egypt, the bearer of its heritage.
0:00:21 > 0:00:24TRANSLATED FROM ARABIC:
0:00:33 > 0:00:35In the chaos of the revolution,
0:00:35 > 0:00:39the museum's unique collection was looted.
0:00:40 > 0:00:43That building there behind the museum
0:00:43 > 0:00:45was burned down by supporters of Mubarak
0:00:45 > 0:00:49in an attempt to make the protestors look like hooligans.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52And look just how close it is to the museum.
0:00:55 > 0:00:56The protestors,
0:00:56 > 0:01:00the peaceful protestors kind of had like a cordon around the museum
0:01:00 > 0:01:04and protected it from the thugs and they fought them off, eventually.
0:01:04 > 0:01:09It holds a special place in all our hearts, as Egyptians,
0:01:09 > 0:01:11and that museum belongs to the entire world,
0:01:11 > 0:01:15it's human history, not just Egyptian history, so...
0:01:15 > 0:01:17I was there from the first moment,
0:01:17 > 0:01:21as soon as they started to come
0:01:21 > 0:01:24and fill the Square here.
0:01:24 > 0:01:28I came and I stood there, all day, every day.
0:01:28 > 0:01:33It was the most beautiful revolution you've ever seen.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40We came here when I was four.
0:01:40 > 0:01:45And we lived in the house here, in this square, right, here.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48- So, as a small child, did you go there to that museum?- Yes.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51With my dad and my mum.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54We used to walk only about a couple of hundred yards.
0:01:54 > 0:01:59My father wanted me to see all the stuff that was there.
0:01:59 > 0:02:03From looking at what they made in this museum,
0:02:03 > 0:02:04you know how they lived.
0:02:07 > 0:02:11The Egyptian Museum bears witness to thousands of years of history
0:02:11 > 0:02:13that have entranced the world.
0:02:13 > 0:02:18It holds the key to Egypt's past and perhaps to its future, too.
0:02:47 > 0:02:50I've always loved this museum.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53It's unlike any other.
0:02:53 > 0:02:57It houses 160,000 treasures from Egypt's ancient civilisation.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03The age of the Pharaohs began more than five millennia ago
0:03:03 > 0:03:06and lasted for 31 dynasties,
0:03:06 > 0:03:11some 3,000 years in which Egypt had no rival in art.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Some of the pieces overturn what you thought you knew.
0:03:21 > 0:03:27This is a Pharaoh called Hatshepsut who ruled Egypt for 40 years,
0:03:27 > 0:03:29a very powerful Pharaoh.
0:03:29 > 0:03:31But the thing is, this is a woman.
0:03:31 > 0:03:36She was Queen Hatshepsut, and, in fact, that beard that she's wearing
0:03:36 > 0:03:39is the ceremonial beard that every Pharaoh would wear.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42It's a sign of their status.
0:03:47 > 0:03:51The treasures of Tutankhamun's tomb are here.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57They were hauled out of the ground by a team
0:03:57 > 0:04:01led by the British archaeologist Howard Carter in 1923.
0:04:04 > 0:04:075,000 of them are here in Cairo,
0:04:07 > 0:04:10an incomparable collection.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18Yet part of the museum's magic is that everything is cluttered
0:04:18 > 0:04:19and covered in dust,
0:04:19 > 0:04:24as though it hasn't been touched since it first opened in 1902.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38The Royal Mummy Room holds the remains
0:04:38 > 0:04:42of 11 of the most illustrious Pharaohs,
0:04:42 > 0:04:45dating from 1650 BC.
0:04:46 > 0:04:48This is Ramesses II.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51He was one of the great Pharaohs of the 19th dynasty.
0:04:51 > 0:04:57And he ruled for an astonishing 70 years, or nearly - 67 years.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00Of course, you can tell he's a Pharaoh because his arms are crossed
0:05:00 > 0:05:04and that's how they were placed in these tombs.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08He's incredibly well preserved. You can actually see his teeth.
0:05:14 > 0:05:18Luckily, in the looting, these major pieces weren't touched.
0:05:20 > 0:05:26But 54 items were taken, of which 23 have now been recovered.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30Others were vandalised and have had to be restored.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34I sought out Mohammed Ali, the chief curator.
0:05:34 > 0:05:40- Salaam.- Hello, sir. Nice to see you. - How are you?- Fine. OK.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43- You're welcome here.- Thank you.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46- This is the way in for...what, the officials?- Yes.
0:05:46 > 0:05:51Rumours abound about who was responsible for the looting,
0:05:51 > 0:05:53from it being an inside job,
0:05:53 > 0:05:55to its being provoked by the police
0:05:55 > 0:05:58in order to discredit the demonstrators.
0:06:00 > 0:06:05'Mohammed wanted to show me where the thieves broke in on the night of January 28th.'
0:06:06 > 0:06:11This is the statue that was stolen and there were other things taken from here.
0:06:11 > 0:06:12Yeah, yeah. From this case here.
0:06:12 > 0:06:15- Didn't find anything here.- All gone?
0:06:15 > 0:06:16All, all.
0:06:16 > 0:06:22- Was this glass broken?- Yeah, all the glass, broken. This new glass here.
0:06:22 > 0:06:26- They came through the ceiling, is that right?- Yeah.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30- Dropped a rope?- They used a rope to get into here.
0:06:30 > 0:06:31And the last one,
0:06:31 > 0:06:37- the rope cut and...- Oh, the rope broke and he dropped?- Yeah.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41- And he broke this, obviously.- And the glass broken, and these objects,
0:06:41 > 0:06:43- we found them...- All over the floor?
0:06:43 > 0:06:47And his blood, the blood of the man.
0:06:47 > 0:06:48Here.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Here is the remains of the blood.
0:06:52 > 0:06:54- He hid in the corner?- Yeah.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56Look.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00'It might seem surprising that a museum with such priceless objects
0:07:00 > 0:07:03'appears to have quite modest security.'
0:07:03 > 0:07:07So did all the young people in the square, they all tried to collect...
0:07:07 > 0:07:10Many people come to protect the museum.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13Without the people coming here to protect the museum
0:07:13 > 0:07:18and the army and the police, the thieves maybe stole many objects here
0:07:18 > 0:07:19thousands of objects.
0:07:22 > 0:07:25I'm told that when the looting went on,
0:07:25 > 0:07:28a lot of the protestors surrounded the museum
0:07:28 > 0:07:31to protect it from the damage that it might...
0:07:31 > 0:07:34That's very true. I saw with my own eyes, yeah, they did.
0:07:34 > 0:07:40The pro-Mubarak thugs were trying to put the country in a state of panic.
0:07:40 > 0:07:45What better than to attack one of the most treasured, uh,
0:07:45 > 0:07:48pieces of history that we have,
0:07:48 > 0:07:52to make everybody feel like, oh, you know, there's anarchy or chaos, or whatever.
0:07:52 > 0:07:54So the students rallied round.
0:07:54 > 0:07:57Other people were trying to get in and steal.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Of course, it has a lot of valuable things.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03It's history and you feel like you want to preserve that,
0:08:03 > 0:08:05you don't want to lose that.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09We were a peaceful demonstration. A peaceful way express your beliefs.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12And they were trying to make us out to be destroying,
0:08:12 > 0:08:17destroying the culture, ruining the country.
0:08:21 > 0:08:25Controversy over the looting and its aftermath has not gone away.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34The man who has carried the can for it all arrives at the museum
0:08:34 > 0:08:36with his entourage.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39He's the Minister of Antiquities, Dr Zahi Hawass.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43The most famous person in Egypt, aside from Omar Sharif.
0:08:43 > 0:08:47Could he be wearing something from his own clothing range?
0:08:51 > 0:08:53Yes, he has his own clothing range.
0:08:59 > 0:09:03Not only that, he's got his own reality TV show,
0:09:03 > 0:09:06broadcast on the History Channel in the United States.
0:09:08 > 0:09:10He's Egypt's leading archaeologist,
0:09:10 > 0:09:14and one of the country's most controversial figures.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18He's looking out for me,
0:09:18 > 0:09:20and he's certainly not a man to be kept waiting.
0:09:24 > 0:09:26He's been under attack and forced to defend himself,
0:09:26 > 0:09:29not a role he appreciates.
0:09:29 > 0:09:31Dr Hawass is a bit of a Pharaoh himself.
0:09:32 > 0:09:36- One of your favourite pieces? - Yes. It is one of them.
0:09:36 > 0:09:42If you look AT the statue, you can feel that he's a king.
0:09:42 > 0:09:48- Mm-hm.- Because the artist put the royal blood inside his muscles.
0:09:50 > 0:09:54This museum is inside my heart all the time.
0:09:54 > 0:09:59We...I suffered a lot... If you try to change things in Egypt, not easy.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02There is many people who have private business.
0:10:02 > 0:10:06And they can control everything, but I'm fighting those people
0:10:06 > 0:10:10because at the end, the good thing will stay
0:10:10 > 0:10:14and Tahrir Museum will be a star in the sky of Cairo.
0:10:17 > 0:10:18Let us move to another place.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22You as a film director should choose the location, they should guide me.
0:10:25 > 0:10:27'I had a job keeping up with him.'
0:10:27 > 0:10:30What I want to ask you about is about the theft.
0:10:30 > 0:10:35I want to ask you what happened and how you're dealing with it?
0:10:40 > 0:10:42'He was bursting to give me his side of the story
0:10:42 > 0:10:45'about what happened during the revolution.'
0:10:45 > 0:10:49I stayed 37 days as a minister.
0:10:49 > 0:10:54And I began to see all the thieves and the crooks.
0:10:54 > 0:10:59I faced them and I attacked them and I tried to make stability.
0:10:59 > 0:11:04They found this was a good opportunity to attack me.
0:11:04 > 0:11:09And they began the worst attack you can ever see in your life.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13I said, "Why, why, I'm serving my country and this is happening to me?"
0:11:13 > 0:11:18I resigned. And I said to myself, "That's enough."
0:11:18 > 0:11:23But, after one month, they asked me to come back.
0:11:23 > 0:11:29And I said, "Antiquities is part of me and I am part of antiquities."
0:11:29 > 0:11:34This is why I came back. When the thief came here it was dark.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37Thanks, God, it was dark. He could not see anything.
0:11:37 > 0:11:41He was looking for gold and this is why he broke...
0:11:41 > 0:11:46That boat was broken into over 100 pieces.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48- This boat?- This boat.
0:11:48 > 0:11:53And it was beautifully restored. Thanks, God.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55The museum is saved. It is saved.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58This is why I'm saying, all the time,
0:11:58 > 0:12:01that can museums be saved? Egypt is safe.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11Egyptian antiquities have always attracted outsiders.
0:12:11 > 0:12:13As witnessed by the writer Mark Twain
0:12:13 > 0:12:16on his travels in the 19th century.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21Looting was as familiar in Mark Twain's time as it is today.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25Which is why Egyptian antiquities are spread all over the world.
0:12:28 > 0:12:30Mark Twain fell under the spell of the sphinx.
0:12:30 > 0:12:37In 1869, in his illustrated travel book Innocents Abroad, he wrote:
0:12:37 > 0:12:39"We heard the familiar clink of a hammer.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43"One of our well-meaning reptiles, I mean, relic hunters,
0:12:43 > 0:12:46"had crawled up there and was trying to break a specimen
0:12:46 > 0:12:51"from the face of this, the most majestic creation the hand of man has wrought,
0:12:51 > 0:12:57"but the great image contemplated the dead ages as calmly as ever."
0:12:58 > 0:13:01If you look in the British Museum,
0:13:01 > 0:13:04you'll see the beard of the Sphinx in a glass case.
0:13:04 > 0:13:07It changed hands in 1817,
0:13:07 > 0:13:11courtesy of the Ottoman viceroy, Muhammad Ali Pasha.
0:13:12 > 0:13:16Over the decades, the practice continued.
0:13:16 > 0:13:18Antiquities from Egypt were routinely shipped out
0:13:18 > 0:13:22and many are now to be found in museums in the West.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29Looting continues to this day.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32Not just in Tahrir Square, but in sites all over Egypt.
0:13:32 > 0:13:35Here in Giza, recently discovered antiquities
0:13:35 > 0:13:38were stolen from a storeroom at the pyramid over there.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45Teams of archaeologists are still digging up treasure.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48Whole pyramids have been traced under the sands
0:13:48 > 0:13:51and two years ago a storeroom of 30 mummies was found
0:13:51 > 0:13:53here at the burial site in Saqqara.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59But the sites were very vulnerable during the revolution.
0:13:59 > 0:14:04This tomb was owned by Ti, the overseer of the temples and pyramids of the king.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14I gather there's been a huge amount of looting here. Even in this tomb?
0:14:14 > 0:14:19You can say that perhaps 60% of the monuments
0:14:19 > 0:14:23have been entered, meaning they broke the door.
0:14:23 > 0:14:28In fact, since most of these monuments are empty
0:14:28 > 0:14:31the results were poor.
0:14:31 > 0:14:35Little was taken because it had already gone long ago.
0:14:35 > 0:14:40Here, behind this little window, you had sitting a statue.
0:14:40 > 0:14:45The people, the looters, came from up because there is a trap
0:14:45 > 0:14:50and so you can go down and they started moving this
0:14:50 > 0:14:52statue of Ti and broke it.
0:14:52 > 0:14:56It's apparently lying down behind the wall.
0:15:01 > 0:15:05This is another piece that was found at Saqqara.
0:15:06 > 0:15:12If you look at the eyes of this statue it looks like alive.
0:15:12 > 0:15:18Maybe the most beautiful wooden statue ever created by a human being.
0:15:18 > 0:15:21OK, let's walk on then.
0:15:24 > 0:15:30'Dr Hawass has an interesting line on lessons for today from the Pharaohs.'
0:15:30 > 0:15:33This is beautiful, Mr Hawass, isn't it?
0:15:33 > 0:15:38Yes, this is another famous masterpiece in this museum.
0:15:38 > 0:15:40It has a very interesting story.
0:15:40 > 0:15:45This king is Mentuhotep II. Nebhepetre.
0:15:45 > 0:15:49He was actually... In ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago,
0:15:49 > 0:15:52it happened a revolution, like our revolution.
0:15:52 > 0:15:57There is a man, a writer.
0:15:57 > 0:16:03He tried to advise the king, "The people around you are not good.
0:16:03 > 0:16:07"They are corrupted." And the king never listened.
0:16:07 > 0:16:10Now tell me, are there any lessons from this period?
0:16:10 > 0:16:12The revolution 4,000...
0:16:12 > 0:16:16- The lesson I'm telling you. - For today?- I'm telling you.
0:16:16 > 0:16:20Today, if you read what was left to us,
0:16:20 > 0:16:26it is the most important lesson for everyone. For the ruler.
0:16:26 > 0:16:31For the people today to understand, what do we need now? A strong king.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37The protestors certainly didn't want a strong king,
0:16:37 > 0:16:40or indeed their president, Mubarak.
0:16:43 > 0:16:47They are proud that on Tahrir Square they had no leaders.
0:16:48 > 0:16:52During the revolution, the army was seen as protecting the protestors.
0:16:52 > 0:16:57Now it's in charge until the elections in September.
0:16:59 > 0:17:04There are still demonstrations every Friday on Tahrir Square.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07They are demanding that Mubarak be charged quickly
0:17:07 > 0:17:10and that the head of the army be sacked.
0:17:10 > 0:17:12CHANTING
0:17:12 > 0:17:16Are there lessons you think that Egypt can learn from its history?
0:17:16 > 0:17:19From this revolution 4,000 years ago
0:17:19 > 0:17:22in which people demanded better conditions.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24The middle class demanded more.
0:17:24 > 0:17:29The workers' strikes started back in ancient Egypt.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32There were workers' strikes, and mind you,
0:17:32 > 0:17:36ancient Egypt was still a sort of authoritarian regime
0:17:36 > 0:17:39so we appreciate it and we value it for what it is,
0:17:39 > 0:17:42but no, we don't want another Pharaoh.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45CHANTING
0:17:53 > 0:17:57In the time of the Pharaohs, gods and leaders were aligned.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00The Pharaohs joined the gods when they died.
0:18:00 > 0:18:04But on Earth, they were responsible for the people.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08This Pharaoh, Akhenaten, was something of a philosopher.
0:18:08 > 0:18:12In a culture that had many gods, he narrowed it down to one.
0:18:12 > 0:18:19The sun god was the only god, and the Pharaoh, his only guarantor.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21This is Akhenaten, and there is the sun.
0:18:21 > 0:18:24The sun god, of course, was called Aten
0:18:24 > 0:18:27and he changed his name to call himself Akhenaten
0:18:27 > 0:18:30so that he was one and the same as the sun.
0:18:32 > 0:18:33This Pharaoh was as bold
0:18:33 > 0:18:37and innovative in the arts as he was in philosophy.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40There's a new humanity in evidence.
0:18:43 > 0:18:45I love this little statuette.
0:18:45 > 0:18:50This is Akhenaten with the little princess, his daughter.
0:18:50 > 0:18:52And, of course, you think of the Pharaohs
0:18:52 > 0:18:55as a sort of aloof, even intimidating, figures
0:18:55 > 0:19:00so this is a really special piece capturing this intimate moment
0:19:00 > 0:19:02of the father with his daughter.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05It's really, really beautiful.
0:19:10 > 0:19:14The Pharaoh was not just a king.
0:19:14 > 0:19:18He was not just someone controlling the country.
0:19:18 > 0:19:22He was a symbol of the nation.
0:19:22 > 0:19:27He was connected strongly with the fertility of the land.
0:19:27 > 0:19:31And the stabilisation of the universe.
0:19:31 > 0:19:36This was the image of the Egyptian Pharaoh
0:19:36 > 0:19:39and of the people, the Egyptians.
0:19:39 > 0:19:43They trusted this Pharaoh. He was not a dictator.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46He was the one who can lead the country to the future.
0:19:48 > 0:19:50Most people in England,
0:19:50 > 0:19:54most of us think of the Pharaohs as sort of authoritarian figures.
0:19:54 > 0:19:56They were the rulers.
0:19:56 > 0:19:59I mean, is that a wrong idea then the sense that they were
0:19:59 > 0:20:03- sort of totalitarian regimes, that they were in charge?- Yeah.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06It's, well, there is one fact
0:20:06 > 0:20:11that dictatorship cannot build great civilisations.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16Dictatorship can build a huge building,
0:20:16 > 0:20:19but it is still ugly because the people who will build it
0:20:19 > 0:20:21they will build it without love.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28These Pharaohs were not dictators. We hear that,
0:20:28 > 0:20:32"Oh, the Pharaohs used the people as slaves." Which is not true.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36And that's the only reason they were able to build these great civilisations.
0:20:39 > 0:20:43So it seems that the pyramids were not built by the anonymous,
0:20:43 > 0:20:47slave-driven mass that Hollywood has created.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50'Egypt 50 centuries ago,
0:20:50 > 0:20:55'slaves and generations of slaves wrest the rock from the unyielding earth.'
0:20:56 > 0:21:01In fact, the workers were fed, housed and even given medical care.
0:21:01 > 0:21:03If this was a dictatorship, it was more benign
0:21:03 > 0:21:07and inclusive than we'd been led to believe.
0:21:07 > 0:21:11'Armies of wretched humanity suffered and died
0:21:11 > 0:21:15'to haul their colossal burden across the desert to the River Nile.'
0:21:15 > 0:21:18The giant stones to build the pyramids
0:21:18 > 0:21:21were floated down the Nile.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23And for three months of the year when the Nile flooded
0:21:23 > 0:21:28and the farmers couldn't work their fields, they worked on the pyramids.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31It was a kind of ancient job creation scheme.
0:21:31 > 0:21:36'It rises from the desert floor as the mightiest monument ever erected
0:21:36 > 0:21:37'to the glory of one man.'
0:21:40 > 0:21:41And look what they created.
0:21:43 > 0:21:45This is it, the pyramid of pyramids.
0:21:45 > 0:21:50The Great Pyramid of Egypt was named after King Cheops,
0:21:50 > 0:21:52the Pharaoh of the old kingdom.
0:21:52 > 0:21:58It's 146 metres high, two million separate slabs of limestone.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01It was a feat of extraordinary organisation,
0:22:01 > 0:22:06of mathematical precision, and huge, huge construction requirements.
0:22:08 > 0:22:11But Cheops, the builder of the biggest pyramid of them all
0:22:11 > 0:22:14is commemorated by only one statue.
0:22:14 > 0:22:18And it's one of the tiniest objects in the museum.
0:22:18 > 0:22:23- So, this is the famous Cheops?- Yeah.
0:22:23 > 0:22:27Of all the statues, little statue, but very important.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30Very, very important.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32It's so amazing that he's so tiny
0:22:32 > 0:22:35and yet he was this great builder of the biggest pyramid?
0:22:35 > 0:22:39Yeah, yeah, yeah. Look at the face. Fantastic face.
0:22:39 > 0:22:44Although the face is very small, but if you look at him
0:22:44 > 0:22:47you'll find the statue looks at you. Look.
0:22:49 > 0:22:53And it's in this tiny little box. With a little lock on it.
0:22:59 > 0:23:03'The pyramids weren't just monuments to the Pharaohs.
0:23:03 > 0:23:05'They were a collective hope for the future
0:23:05 > 0:23:08'and a celebration of everyday life.'
0:23:08 > 0:23:14And so here, these are the servants, is that right?
0:23:14 > 0:23:17Yeah, the servants, yeah.
0:23:17 > 0:23:22Everyone, everyone of these servants makes something.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25He makes something.
0:23:25 > 0:23:29Look, this one makes beer.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33- He's pressing the hops? - Yeah.
0:23:33 > 0:23:39- And he's cooking. - She is, it's a she, I think.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41Yeah, it is. Oh, a lady.
0:23:41 > 0:23:44She is cooking.
0:23:44 > 0:23:48This one also maybe goes to the market to get something from the market.
0:23:48 > 0:23:51So all these servants belonged to the Pharaohs
0:23:51 > 0:23:52and they would be in the tombs?
0:23:52 > 0:23:55Yeah, in the tombs to serve.
0:23:55 > 0:24:02They believed that these statues become people after death to serve him.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05The afterlife was for everyone.
0:24:05 > 0:24:10For the Pharaohs, for the other class people, middle class people,
0:24:10 > 0:24:11lower people, servants.
0:24:13 > 0:24:19Everyone built a tomb for his afterlife with what he has.
0:24:19 > 0:24:21With what he owned.
0:24:22 > 0:24:26They enjoyed life very much and because of this
0:24:26 > 0:24:31they wanted the same life for themselves in the afterlife.
0:24:31 > 0:24:37We often think of ancient Egyptians as propagating a cult of death.
0:24:37 > 0:24:42But unlike many other religions, they cherished the day-to-day.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44They weren't just waiting for the life hereafter.
0:24:44 > 0:24:48But when they went, they went in style.
0:24:48 > 0:24:52Only a Pharaoh could have a boat as big as this in his tomb.
0:24:52 > 0:24:54Because they believed when the king gets up again,
0:24:54 > 0:24:58he can use it to go anywhere with the sea.
0:24:58 > 0:25:03- So he can float down the Nile on this boat after death?- Of course!
0:25:03 > 0:25:06They believed that, yes. You were born again in after death.
0:25:06 > 0:25:12We found vegetables, food, clothes everything. Everything. OK?
0:25:12 > 0:25:16So the idea was that life after death would be just as comfortable
0:25:16 > 0:25:19as life before death. You have all the things that you have on earth,
0:25:19 > 0:25:21- you put them in the tomb. - Everything.
0:25:24 > 0:25:29Of course, life wasn't comfortable for everyone, and indeed,
0:25:29 > 0:25:31there was the revolution of 2000 BC,
0:25:31 > 0:25:35which was ultimately heeded by the Pharaohs.
0:25:38 > 0:25:41In Egypt today, the Pharaoh has stepped aside.
0:25:41 > 0:25:44But the current revolution continues on the Square
0:25:44 > 0:25:49with yet another demonstration.
0:25:50 > 0:25:55An earlier revolution in Egypt in 1952, led by an army officer,
0:25:55 > 0:25:59Gamal Abdel Nasser, also took place on this square,
0:25:59 > 0:26:03and gave it the name "Tahrir", or Liberation Square.
0:26:03 > 0:26:08It's quite wonderful that this is its name
0:26:08 > 0:26:11because it didn't start out being called Tahrir Square,
0:26:11 > 0:26:12Liberation Square.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15It started out being called Ismailia, after Ismail,
0:26:15 > 0:26:19who built it and who built modern Cairo.
0:26:19 > 0:26:23And it was with the revolution of '52 that they changed the name
0:26:23 > 0:26:25to Liberation Square.
0:26:26 > 0:26:30- And then it wasn't really liberated and...- Until now?
0:26:30 > 0:26:34And now it is, yeah, which is nice.
0:26:34 > 0:26:38Somebody wrote that the revolution of '52
0:26:38 > 0:26:44was done by the army and supported by the people.
0:26:44 > 0:26:48And the revolution of 2011 was a people's revolution
0:26:48 > 0:26:52and protected by the army, and all of it in Tahrir.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54I grew up under Nasser,
0:26:54 > 0:26:58and we were very much encouraged then
0:26:58 > 0:27:02to look at Ancient Egyptian history as very much alive
0:27:02 > 0:27:04and very much part of who we are,
0:27:04 > 0:27:07because Nasser was the first Egyptian to rule Egypt since the Pharaohs.
0:27:07 > 0:27:13But Nasser's revolution didn't have the success he hoped for.
0:27:13 > 0:27:17Of course the powers that were arranged against him, you know.
0:27:17 > 0:27:21- The West, Israel, the reactionary Arab regimes...- Yes.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24If Nasser had been allowed,
0:27:24 > 0:27:28if you like...to succeed in his project, we would have...
0:27:28 > 0:27:33I mean, the world would've been in a COMPLETELY different place now.
0:27:33 > 0:27:38It was under Nasser that the museum lost the land
0:27:38 > 0:27:40that linked it to the Nile.
0:27:40 > 0:27:43A government office block was built on it,
0:27:43 > 0:27:45the one that was burnt out in the revolution.
0:27:45 > 0:27:48You can see how ugly is this building...
0:27:48 > 0:27:52- Well, it's been destroyed now. - Which had been completely destroyed.
0:27:52 > 0:27:54We are asking for this land back.
0:27:54 > 0:28:00We need to have the museum seize the Nile again.
0:28:00 > 0:28:03Because this was one of the goals
0:28:03 > 0:28:06that they put the museum on this spot.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10The museum is the house of the treasures of the Pharaohs
0:28:10 > 0:28:15and the Nile was the life of the Egyptians.
0:28:18 > 0:28:19- Look at the Nile.- Yes.
0:28:19 > 0:28:23This extraordinary view you have from here, which is...
0:28:23 > 0:28:27It is. From up here, it's the most beautiful place in the world.
0:28:27 > 0:28:30I believe, I've been everywhere in the world,
0:28:30 > 0:28:33I haven't seen anything as beautiful as that.
0:28:34 > 0:28:38If we had not the Nile, we would not have Egypt at all.
0:28:38 > 0:28:42Not only Cairo, all of Egypt would not exist at all.
0:28:42 > 0:28:45Egypt exists because of this one river.
0:28:45 > 0:28:49This wonderful river which we worship,
0:28:49 > 0:28:52which the ancient Egyptians worshipped also
0:28:52 > 0:28:55because this is our life, this.
0:28:58 > 0:29:04Until Nasser came, until 1952, we were an agricultural country.
0:29:04 > 0:29:10We used to export our cotton and rice and all sorts of food.
0:29:10 > 0:29:12- Absolutely.- Everything.
0:29:12 > 0:29:15We had enough food for the whole population
0:29:15 > 0:29:16with no problem whatsoever.
0:29:16 > 0:29:23Today we import food. Egypt imports food, which is unheard of.
0:29:23 > 0:29:26We fed the whole world at one time.
0:29:30 > 0:29:33But Egypt has got poorer and poorer, hasn't it?
0:29:33 > 0:29:36The poorer have got poorer and poorer and poorer.
0:29:36 > 0:29:39Because they are more and more.
0:29:39 > 0:29:44It's a population count that is terrifying.
0:29:44 > 0:29:47I remember about 20 years ago, 25 years ago,
0:29:47 > 0:29:50we were 30 million, in all Egypt.
0:29:50 > 0:29:57And now there's 30 million people in Cairo.
0:29:57 > 0:30:00No matter what they tell you, it grows all the time.
0:30:00 > 0:30:05Everybody came to Cairo. And they can't find a job.
0:30:05 > 0:30:10What's your feelings about how things will develop over the next few years?
0:30:10 > 0:30:14I have complete confidence in the people.
0:30:14 > 0:30:20I have no confidence, for sure, to the leaders.
0:30:20 > 0:30:24Everybody who has a position in the government,
0:30:24 > 0:30:27or in any big business,
0:30:27 > 0:30:33if they can get something more and put it in their pockets,
0:30:33 > 0:30:34they will do it.
0:30:46 > 0:30:50Corruption, complacency and unemployment.
0:30:50 > 0:30:52These were problems Nasser did try to address
0:30:52 > 0:30:56and some people are still flying the flag for him.
0:30:58 > 0:31:02Dr Mamdouh Hamza was one of the first down on the Square in January,
0:31:02 > 0:31:05taking blankets to the young people.
0:31:05 > 0:31:08Under the old regime he stood up against corruption
0:31:08 > 0:31:11and was imprisoned for his pains.
0:31:12 > 0:31:16Is it true in Egypt, perhaps, 40% of the population
0:31:16 > 0:31:18are living in a state of such poverty
0:31:18 > 0:31:21- they are only making a couple of dollars a day?- Yes.
0:31:21 > 0:31:23Poverty which you cannot appreciate.
0:31:25 > 0:31:27Poverty of a different kind.
0:31:29 > 0:31:34Poverty that some families go to the dustbin of others to eat.
0:31:36 > 0:31:42The requirement of the revolution, bread, freedom and social justice.
0:31:42 > 0:31:49This was the first banner within the Square and it was printed here.
0:31:52 > 0:31:55In the time of the Pharaohs, almost forgotten till now,
0:31:55 > 0:31:58there was a goddess of social justice.
0:31:58 > 0:32:01One of the smallest gods in the Egyptian museum,
0:32:01 > 0:32:04but one of most important, the goddess Maat.
0:32:05 > 0:32:07What does Maat say?
0:32:08 > 0:32:11"Follow your heart all your life."
0:32:12 > 0:32:16"Don't cut yourself from the daily life.
0:32:16 > 0:32:20"Don't go to the mosque or the temple and spend all your life praying."
0:32:22 > 0:32:27When corruption and injustice spread in Egypt 4,000 years ago,
0:32:27 > 0:32:31the people did not go to have a new Pharaoh
0:32:31 > 0:32:36or they did not go to power or army,
0:32:36 > 0:32:37they went to Maat.
0:32:37 > 0:32:40It's a social justice.
0:32:40 > 0:32:43What will the Egyptians always look for?
0:32:43 > 0:32:46They looked for it 4,000 years ago and they are looking for it now.
0:32:50 > 0:32:54This is not news footage.
0:32:54 > 0:32:57It's filmed by the young people themselves.
0:32:57 > 0:33:02So many of these young people, they weren't just on the square
0:33:02 > 0:33:06they were documenting the revolution and they continue to do so.
0:33:07 > 0:33:11On YouTube there must be hundreds of entries.
0:33:11 > 0:33:15Day by day, they are continuing to record what's happening.
0:33:19 > 0:33:21The business of capturing testimony
0:33:21 > 0:33:24has become a mission for many of the young occupiers
0:33:24 > 0:33:26of Liberation Square.
0:33:28 > 0:33:33This protest is against military trials of civilians
0:33:33 > 0:33:37arrested on the demonstrations both during and since the revolution.
0:33:37 > 0:33:40- You were just talking to this lady, is her son...?- No.
0:33:40 > 0:33:43- This is her son.- This is her son.
0:33:43 > 0:33:47Two sons. Her son and his friend.
0:33:48 > 0:33:51He is her son and Hamed, his friend,
0:33:51 > 0:33:56and both of them were detained and tried on Thursday 3rd February.
0:33:56 > 0:33:58At night.
0:33:58 > 0:34:01Are there a lot of young men like this?
0:34:01 > 0:34:03Yes, this is just one example.
0:34:03 > 0:34:07We have hundreds who were arrested during the protests.
0:34:07 > 0:34:10We have thousands of regular citizens who were arrested
0:34:10 > 0:34:14in different random situations and incidents
0:34:14 > 0:34:19and all the testimonies report the same thing.
0:34:19 > 0:34:23A completely unfair trial, their sentences are the very worst.
0:34:23 > 0:34:27Most of the sentences we see are three or five or seven years.
0:34:30 > 0:34:33Clearing the square after the revolution the army arrested
0:34:33 > 0:34:37many of the demonstrators and took them to the museum to interrogate them.
0:34:37 > 0:34:42What I saw with my own eyes is someone from the middle of the square
0:34:42 > 0:34:45being dragged to the museum.
0:34:48 > 0:34:50And four or five military police around him
0:34:50 > 0:34:54and he was being dragged to the museum.
0:34:54 > 0:34:58We've heard about people getting electrocuted, people getting beaten.
0:34:59 > 0:35:05People were saying they were urinating in their own pants from the electric shocks.
0:35:07 > 0:35:11They were taken to the museum because it was convenient?
0:35:11 > 0:35:14Yeah, yeah.
0:35:14 > 0:35:17In a sense what was happening was it was being abused.
0:35:17 > 0:35:18It was. Absolutely!
0:35:18 > 0:35:20The museum as well as the people?
0:35:20 > 0:35:25And the memory that it carries and the heritage that it carries
0:35:25 > 0:35:28was being stigmatised.
0:35:28 > 0:35:33When people mention the museum now, that's the first thing that crosses any Egyptian's mind,
0:35:33 > 0:35:36the first thing that crosses your mind is torture.
0:35:49 > 0:35:52Criticising the army has been dangerous,
0:35:52 > 0:35:55but these young people have started a free newspaper,
0:35:55 > 0:36:00which gives eye-witness accounts about what really happened at the museum.
0:36:00 > 0:36:05Tell me about this issue of torture inside the museum?
0:36:05 > 0:36:09- Yes, definitely. - A very severe act of torture, on more than one...
0:36:09 > 0:36:14There were a lot of witnesses, and there's a photo of...
0:36:14 > 0:36:16In here?
0:36:16 > 0:36:19- Our friend, Ramy Essam.- Yes.
0:36:21 > 0:36:25He was electrocuted, beaten up with iron rods and sticks.
0:36:25 > 0:36:26- This is him?- Yes.
0:36:26 > 0:36:30He had long hair, they cut his hair with a piece of glass.
0:36:30 > 0:36:35He was very well known in the square here. He used to sing on stage.
0:36:35 > 0:36:37He made songs out of the chants.
0:36:37 > 0:36:41THEY CHANT
0:36:43 > 0:36:47Young film-makers have produced evidence of Ramy's torture.
0:37:23 > 0:37:26Old habits die hard, it seems.
0:37:26 > 0:37:30The army is neither admitting nor denying their actions.
0:37:30 > 0:37:33But, for the time being, they are in charge.
0:37:33 > 0:37:35We need to hold people accountable.
0:37:35 > 0:37:37We don't do that in this country.
0:37:37 > 0:37:41Mubarak was untouchable for a long time and then people got rid of him
0:37:41 > 0:37:43and now the army is untouchable.
0:37:43 > 0:37:48We need to get to a point where nobody's beyond criticism, where nobody's untouchable.
0:37:48 > 0:37:53It's not going to be like it used to be, because the people...
0:37:53 > 0:37:57awakened. They are awake now.
0:37:57 > 0:38:00They now... They had this thing,
0:38:00 > 0:38:05they were there for days and days, and it grew, everywhere.
0:38:05 > 0:38:09Every child, every boy, every man, told his family,
0:38:09 > 0:38:12told the rest of the people, the neighbours,
0:38:12 > 0:38:19everybody knows today that we need a government which is fair to the people,
0:38:19 > 0:38:21and tries to help the people.
0:38:23 > 0:38:28All over Egypt, people are tussling with the question of what comes next.
0:38:30 > 0:38:32Can the elections be free and fair?
0:38:32 > 0:38:34Will religious parties win out?
0:38:39 > 0:38:42If you look back to Egyptian history,
0:38:42 > 0:38:46you see this combination of a religious and secular society
0:38:46 > 0:38:49where the two seem to go hand in hand.
0:38:49 > 0:38:54What is its legacy and destiny from its history, would you say?
0:38:54 > 0:38:56Moderation.
0:38:57 > 0:38:59Moderation.
0:38:59 > 0:39:04The Egyptians, maybe, you could consider them
0:39:04 > 0:39:09some of the most religious nation on earth, because of their history.
0:39:09 > 0:39:10But they're not fanatic.
0:39:10 > 0:39:15And I don't think the majority of Egyptians,
0:39:15 > 0:39:19when they are given the right information,
0:39:19 > 0:39:23they would like to have a religious government.
0:39:23 > 0:39:25No. Definitely not.
0:39:29 > 0:39:33They will respect their religion, they will go to the mosque to pray,
0:39:33 > 0:39:37but when they get out of the mosque, they will live their life.
0:39:37 > 0:39:40They like live, they love life.
0:39:42 > 0:39:44We are religious,
0:39:44 > 0:39:45but not fanatic.
0:39:46 > 0:39:50Mubarak said we were fanatic. They said we were extreme.
0:39:50 > 0:39:53They said we were divided.
0:39:53 > 0:39:55Well, here we are. We are fine.
0:39:55 > 0:40:00There was this rediscovery, of, not a tolerance,
0:40:00 > 0:40:03but an embrace of diversity.
0:40:03 > 0:40:07And this pride, but a gentle pride,
0:40:07 > 0:40:12in being Egyptian, in being at the beginning of civilisation,
0:40:12 > 0:40:15and showing a way, which is a gentle way.
0:40:15 > 0:40:21This revolution, as much as anything, is about reclaiming that.
0:40:30 > 0:40:33THEY CHANT
0:40:40 > 0:40:44Your sense of the future is that you want your own Egyptian identity?
0:40:44 > 0:40:46ALL: Yeah.
0:40:46 > 0:40:48What I'm asking you is, what is that identity?
0:40:48 > 0:40:52I think it's the identity that has cultural roots,
0:40:52 > 0:40:57just keeping our language, just keeping our...
0:40:57 > 0:41:00Our ways of living.
0:41:00 > 0:41:06I don't think the people have had enough freedom to really find out what our culture is.
0:41:06 > 0:41:09We haven't defined ourselves. We were occupied during Mubarak,
0:41:09 > 0:41:12and we were occupied by the French and the...
0:41:12 > 0:41:15- The British.- And the British, and everybody, basically.
0:41:15 > 0:41:18- The Turks and the Greeks and the Romans.- Exactly. Everybody.
0:41:20 > 0:41:23I've started thinking that we're discovering our identities
0:41:23 > 0:41:26in Tahrir Square, actually, so it's going to take time,
0:41:26 > 0:41:30but this is going to be very impressive and very interesting to see.
0:41:36 > 0:41:40The cut and thrust of today, dreams for the future,
0:41:40 > 0:41:42and always the pull of the past.
0:41:45 > 0:41:49One well-known contemporary artist who draws inspiration
0:41:49 > 0:41:51and optimism from the time of the pharaohs
0:41:51 > 0:41:55chooses to work in the countryside, out by the pyramids.
0:41:57 > 0:42:00You love the hustle and bustle of Cairo,
0:42:00 > 0:42:03but you need the peace and meditation of here.
0:42:03 > 0:42:04Yes, for sure.
0:42:07 > 0:42:13Yes, I stay here to make a good contact with the ancient Egyptians.
0:42:14 > 0:42:19And the pyramid helps me to have these feelings.
0:42:20 > 0:42:22We need to be Egyptians.
0:42:22 > 0:42:26We are not real Egyptians.
0:42:27 > 0:42:29We need to be Egyptians.
0:42:29 > 0:42:34That is very relevant to this revolution that has taken place in Egypt today
0:42:34 > 0:42:41because, clearly, what kind of society does Egypt want in the future?
0:42:41 > 0:42:44Is it to be based on these principles,
0:42:44 > 0:42:46these interesting principles?
0:42:46 > 0:42:49- Yes. It is echo of Maat. - Of Maat?- Yes.
0:42:49 > 0:42:57Dr Hamza said to us that Maat was this great goddess Maat,
0:42:57 > 0:43:02the goddess of social justice, something Mr Mubarak obviously hadn't heard of.
0:43:02 > 0:43:05Yes. Mubarak, he don't know Maat.
0:43:05 > 0:43:08Perhaps he heard the word, but he don't...
0:43:10 > 0:43:13- He doesn't really understand. - No, no, no.
0:43:13 > 0:43:19For sure, no, because Maat is a very, very profound thing.
0:43:19 > 0:43:25It's a very deep quality of humanity,
0:43:25 > 0:43:27which is very important.
0:43:34 > 0:43:37Art is not a decoration.
0:43:37 > 0:43:40Art is a very important thing,
0:43:40 > 0:43:44very important spiritual feelings.
0:43:45 > 0:43:49It's not just colours and this kind of thing.
0:43:52 > 0:43:53I use sand.
0:43:53 > 0:43:55- You use sand?- Yes, yes. - In your paintings?- Yes.
0:43:55 > 0:44:00This relief here, it is sand, this middle part.
0:44:05 > 0:44:09- Ah, this is the mud from the Nile. - Yes.- This is where it comes from.
0:44:09 > 0:44:12Yes, this is for that.
0:44:12 > 0:44:17That boat, it mix with the real mud of the Nile.
0:44:17 > 0:44:19Right. This one up here?
0:44:19 > 0:44:21This up here, yes.
0:44:23 > 0:44:28The revolution, it needs now something mentally,
0:44:28 > 0:44:30to...
0:44:30 > 0:44:32- To lift it up?- Yes.
0:44:32 > 0:44:36And the danger is that Egypt today may be closed.
0:44:36 > 0:44:40Closed, yes. It's closed.
0:44:40 > 0:44:422,000 years, closed.
0:44:43 > 0:44:47So your belief, your faith, you're a Pharaonic?
0:44:47 > 0:44:49I am a Pharaonic man.
0:44:49 > 0:44:51HE LAUGHS
0:44:52 > 0:44:56And the pharaohs, it seems, are to have a new resting place.
0:44:57 > 0:45:00This stretch of desert on the edge of Cairo
0:45:00 > 0:45:04is going to be Egypt's new "Grand Museum".
0:45:04 > 0:45:08It'll be a brave, new, dust-and-looting-free world.
0:45:08 > 0:45:10It looks like Fort Knox.
0:45:10 > 0:45:16After many delays, it's now scheduled for completion in 2015.
0:45:16 > 0:45:21So far, only the state of the art conservation centre has been built.
0:45:23 > 0:45:28This museum is Dr Hawass's big new project.
0:45:28 > 0:45:31And, as always, all the cameras are on him.
0:45:37 > 0:45:42Dr Hawass is here to pledge to the world that, despite the revolution,
0:45:42 > 0:45:45the project continues, and will be an icon of the new Egypt.
0:46:03 > 0:46:08When it's finished, the Grand Museum will house the whole Tutankhamun collection,
0:46:08 > 0:46:12which is now the jewel in the crown of the museum on the square.
0:46:14 > 0:46:19The grand staircase will be one of the most monumental grand staircases in the world.
0:46:19 > 0:46:23The galleries themselves are laid out in a wonderful fashion,
0:46:23 > 0:46:26as if you are really in an archaeological site.
0:46:26 > 0:46:29They are the most environmentally-controlled
0:46:29 > 0:46:33and have light controls in order to ensure the safety of the treasures.
0:46:33 > 0:46:35Thank you very much.
0:46:35 > 0:46:37APPLAUSE
0:46:42 > 0:46:48Then the Minister started talking about reclaiming treasures from abroad.
0:46:48 > 0:46:55Mr Hawass, Alan Yentob, Professor Hawass, from the BBC.
0:46:55 > 0:47:01Tell me, how hopeful are you to get back the head of Nefertiti from the Berlin Museum?
0:47:01 > 0:47:05And do you have any plans for which other museums in the world,
0:47:05 > 0:47:07thinking of England in particular...
0:47:07 > 0:47:09You know, I am not sure.
0:47:09 > 0:47:13But the most important thing that the world has to know now
0:47:13 > 0:47:18and in the future, is that the head of Nefertiti belongs to Egypt.
0:47:18 > 0:47:24The unique artefacts that Egypt owns are Nefertiti's bust,
0:47:24 > 0:47:26the Rosetta Stone, the Zodiac at the Louvre,
0:47:26 > 0:47:29Hemiunu in Hildesheim
0:47:29 > 0:47:32and Ankhhaf in Boston and Rameses II in Torino.
0:47:32 > 0:47:37I think those are unique statues and they should be in Egypt,
0:47:37 > 0:47:41not in any country, even some of them left legally.
0:47:41 > 0:47:44What about Britain and the British Museum?
0:47:44 > 0:47:48You know, I believe if you want to fight, fight one by one,
0:47:48 > 0:47:51don't fight everyone if you want to win.
0:47:51 > 0:47:52LAUGHTER
0:47:57 > 0:48:01Whether the Minister of Antiquities will be able to complete his plan,
0:48:01 > 0:48:04the museums of the world will have to wait and see.
0:48:14 > 0:48:18The old museum seems somehow overshadowed, even threatened,
0:48:18 > 0:48:19by its new rival.
0:48:22 > 0:48:27It was good to be back in its charm and comfort,
0:48:27 > 0:48:29with its slightly less hi-tech security.
0:48:31 > 0:48:37Suddenly, extraordinarily, they decide to change a light bulb
0:48:37 > 0:48:38under the mask of Tutankhamun,
0:48:38 > 0:48:42possibly the most precious object in the world.
0:48:44 > 0:48:46They're taking it out of its cabinet.
0:48:47 > 0:48:51This must be a very rare thing - the changing of a lamp.
0:48:51 > 0:48:52So they've taken this out.
0:48:55 > 0:48:57It's unbelievable that they should do this
0:48:57 > 0:48:59in front of all these people.
0:48:59 > 0:49:04You would have thought they might have done this out-of-hours when there was no one in here.
0:49:07 > 0:49:12Can you imagine this happening in any other museum in the world?
0:49:16 > 0:49:20Well, we won't be seeing anything like that again.
0:49:20 > 0:49:24The old museum is being dusted down and updated.
0:49:24 > 0:49:26And in a few years' time, of course,
0:49:26 > 0:49:28all of Tutankhamun's treasures
0:49:28 > 0:49:31will be in the shiny new palace by the pyramids.
0:49:36 > 0:49:40"The old order changeth, yielding place to new."
0:49:40 > 0:49:44It's sad, but maybe inevitable.
0:49:45 > 0:49:49Egypt is moving on, it's looking forward,
0:49:49 > 0:49:53but let's hope it continues to glance back from time to time
0:49:53 > 0:49:56to its inspirational past.
0:50:01 > 0:50:04Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:50:04 > 0:50:07E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk