0:00:02 > 0:00:04We first got television in Scotland in 1952. 1952!
0:00:04 > 0:00:07That's the year the Queen became, well, Queen,
0:00:07 > 0:00:10Prime Minister Winston Churchill scrapped identity cards,
0:00:10 > 0:00:14the first ever passenger jet flew across the Atlantic,
0:00:14 > 0:00:16the Americans set off the first H... Wait, 1952?
0:00:16 > 0:00:19All right, 26 years after Helensburgh boy John Logie Baird
0:00:19 > 0:00:23gave television to the world, the world finally gives it back.
0:00:23 > 0:00:26Yeah, yeah, that's big of you. Oh, aye, thanks very much.
0:00:39 > 0:00:43Here's the first TV mast in Scotland.
0:00:43 > 0:00:47Duck and cover guys, you've no idea what's coming your way.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- Mr McCellan, will you be getting television here?- I hope to.
0:00:53 > 0:00:58With you away at the fishing, will your wife be listening in?
0:00:58 > 0:01:01- Will your wife be listening in? - If she had a set she would.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05- Do you have a television set in the house?- No.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- You're not going to get one?- Yes.
0:01:07 > 0:01:11- You all going to get one? - No.- Why not?
0:01:11 > 0:01:13We haven't got electric light.
0:01:13 > 0:01:17Yeah, well, I guess you've got to walk before you can run.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19Those kids must be in their 70s now
0:01:19 > 0:01:22and television has been with them every step of the way.
0:01:22 > 0:01:27Think what they'll have seen - 12 Prime Ministers, 15 World Cups,
0:01:27 > 0:01:30the first home computer, the first man on the moon,
0:01:30 > 0:01:33the discovery of North Sea Oil and the coming of Devolution.
0:01:33 > 0:01:36Tonight we're looking at television journalism,
0:01:36 > 0:01:39how television has brought us breaking stories,
0:01:39 > 0:01:42uncovered scandals, and just occasionally made things better.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45So, hold the front page!
0:01:50 > 0:01:53Now when you say journalism,
0:01:53 > 0:01:56most people think newspapers, not television.
0:01:56 > 0:02:00This is the Glasgow Herald back in the days when journalists needed a cigarette
0:02:00 > 0:02:04as much as they needed a notebook. Possibly more.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06Tip off from India.
0:02:06 > 0:02:10Print journalism had a long and glorious history in Scotland.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13As someone once said,
0:02:13 > 0:02:17these guys are from the school they tore down to build the old school.
0:02:18 > 0:02:21Being in journalism in Scotland wasn't seen as some seedy,
0:02:21 > 0:02:26grubby occupation, but was all part of a whole spirit of inquiry,
0:02:26 > 0:02:31and calling people to account and more of an egalitarian atmosphere
0:02:31 > 0:02:35in Scotland that was all to the good and I think that has served us well.
0:02:35 > 0:02:39Television journalism in Scotland benefited from this tradition.
0:02:39 > 0:02:44Lots of journalists started off on newspapers and crossed over into TV,
0:02:44 > 0:02:47including this gentleman, Fyfe Robertson,
0:02:47 > 0:02:51who began his career as a journalist on the Glasgow Herald.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54Your clients have changed too, haven't they?
0:02:54 > 0:02:55The clients have changed.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Are there still men so wealthy that they can afford
0:02:58 > 0:03:02to rent a shooting season simply for their guests?
0:03:02 > 0:03:04Very, very few, I would say.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08Now Fyfe Robertson had... he had everything!
0:03:08 > 0:03:11He was almost like a character from another era.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14You imagined him falling from the pages of, kind of,
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Robert Louis Stevenson novels. He had this big beard.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21He had this tweed gear that he had and all the rest of it.
0:03:21 > 0:03:26And he had a wonderful broadcaster's sensibility -
0:03:26 > 0:03:31the ability to communicate to people his enthusiasm for the subject he was talking about.
0:03:31 > 0:03:37And Fyfe Robertson was probably one of the first, and greatest, Scottish broadcasters.
0:03:37 > 0:03:42Even the Land Rover has its limits, but this I'm told can go anywhere.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45'He was somebody that made you smile and made you sit back
0:03:45 > 0:03:47'and wonder both at the same time.'
0:03:49 > 0:03:53Highland Lairds are having a harder time than they used to
0:03:53 > 0:03:56so if you've got £1,000 to spare,
0:03:56 > 0:03:59why not come up on the 12th for a fortnight grouse shooting?
0:03:59 > 0:04:01It's going to be a good 12th they tell me.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05And now come on, Mark, you and I'll get home. Stables in half an hour.
0:04:09 > 0:04:12That's wicked, That's the coolest thing I've ever seen.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16How come Fyfe Roberson gets to do a piece to camera on a horse? I want to do that. Can I do that?
0:04:17 > 0:04:22Of course most of the stories TV journalists cover are a lot grimmer than this.
0:04:22 > 0:04:26'Helen Puttock, a short, sturdy woman, five feet four in height,
0:04:26 > 0:04:32'was wearing an imitation coat over a black sleeveless dress which had gold buttons down the front.'
0:04:32 > 0:04:34A year after Helen Puttock was murdered,
0:04:34 > 0:04:37the BBC made this documentary following the hunt for her killer.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41It was the biggest police murder enquiry there had ever been in Britain.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44The Bible John murders are still unsolved.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48Police then tried something new, something entirely new in Scotland -
0:04:48 > 0:04:50photo fit.
0:04:50 > 0:04:55In this system, for example, there are more than 100 types of mouth.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59In all there are more than 5,400 million variations
0:04:59 > 0:05:01of the human face.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05Photo fit came up with this representation.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08Well, I was just shown the picture and talking to my wife,
0:05:08 > 0:05:11then the wee chap came up and he must have got hold
0:05:11 > 0:05:15of the picture, cos he came up and started, "Oh, Daddy, Daddy."
0:05:15 > 0:05:19- He thought the identikit picture was you?- Mm-hm.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22Quite a job pulling in all the gingers -
0:05:22 > 0:05:23that's half of Scotland.
0:05:23 > 0:05:27What happened after that after you were finally asked to go to the police station?
0:05:27 > 0:05:32The way I was going to take it was, "Where were you
0:05:32 > 0:05:34"such and such a night?" That didnae happen.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37He was quite good about it, clever about it, and he said,
0:05:37 > 0:05:39"Well, I'm satisfied it's no you,
0:05:39 > 0:05:42"but you're the best likeness that I've seen."
0:05:42 > 0:05:46Steady on! Should they not ask him where he was that night?
0:05:46 > 0:05:49I've watched Taggart!
0:05:55 > 0:05:58In the '70s, '80s and '90s current affairs programmes
0:05:58 > 0:06:02like Current Account, Frontline, Cause For Concern and The Reid Report
0:06:02 > 0:06:04brought important Scottish stories to light.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09This is a Current Account about glue sniffing.
0:06:11 > 0:06:12That's an interesting one there.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16Edward, why did you start sniffing glue?
0:06:17 > 0:06:21Probably cos all of the friends I had started to.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24What's the attraction?
0:06:30 > 0:06:32I leathered him
0:06:32 > 0:06:34when I heard he was taking it,
0:06:34 > 0:06:37and when the police brought him home,
0:06:37 > 0:06:39I leathered him again in front of them.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Hmm. No-one seems too worried about the wee boy being battered.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45Some things in Scotland have changed for the better.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52This is Margo Macdonald's programme about people who were shut up
0:06:52 > 0:06:56in mental hospitals for no good reason. It's heartbreaking.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59It was, was my dad put me, what put me in there.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02Because you were difficult or what?
0:07:02 > 0:07:06No, I wasn't difficult, Margo, no.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09No, I wouldn't say myself I was.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11What age were you?
0:07:11 > 0:07:15I was 25 past when I went into Lennox Castle.
0:07:15 > 0:07:20No, some nights I wouldn't be home till 12 o'clock,
0:07:20 > 0:07:23- or maybe a wee bit after 12... - That's really wicked(!)
0:07:23 > 0:07:26..and he'd get really angry at that, you know.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31So you were signed in because your father felt you were out
0:07:31 > 0:07:35with his control because you came in at that time at night?
0:07:35 > 0:07:38Mm-hm. That seemed to be all there was to it.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41Ann spent 38 years shut in Lennox Castle.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46In 1986 Duncan Campbell was commissioned by the BBC
0:07:46 > 0:07:50to make six programmes about Britain's Secret Society.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Duncan Campbell was an investigative journalist who'd already been
0:07:53 > 0:07:57prosecuted for breaking the Official Secrets Act on another story,
0:07:57 > 0:08:01so the BBC must have been hoping he'd create a stir.
0:08:01 > 0:08:03Sometimes you should be careful what you wish for.
0:08:08 > 0:08:13'I think that BBC Scotland, at every level,'
0:08:13 > 0:08:15and we as Scots, which we all were,
0:08:15 > 0:08:20have a sense of our own independence and ability
0:08:20 > 0:08:23and need to take a different line from London.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28When you're further away from the cauldrons of power in London,
0:08:28 > 0:08:30then it's easier to be more radical.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36All the data from the east coast radar stations was gathered together
0:08:36 > 0:08:38at the Post Office towers in London
0:08:38 > 0:08:42and fed through underground telephone cables to West Drayton.
0:08:42 > 0:08:44The cables came down this west London street,
0:08:46 > 0:08:49but there was one major security flaw -
0:08:49 > 0:08:55the cables came underneath this Post Office manhole cover in Bayswater where,
0:08:55 > 0:08:59as was later to be drawn to the attention of the Royal Air Force,
0:08:59 > 0:09:04they were positioned almost directly underneath the Embassy of the Soviet Union,
0:09:04 > 0:09:07vulnerable either to a telephone tapping company
0:09:07 > 0:09:12or a swift act of sabotage in time of crisis or war.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17The Secret society was an attempt to look at
0:09:17 > 0:09:20some of the very hidden areas of Government
0:09:20 > 0:09:25and how they undermined democracy because of the secrecy.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28This is my favourite bit - when it turns out the Government
0:09:28 > 0:09:32is spending gazillions to protect us from low-flying lorries.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35'Nimrod failed because its computers didn't work properly.
0:09:35 > 0:09:39'The most problem occurred when the radar looked down on Britain itself.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45'Suddenly the screen's swarming with activity -
0:09:45 > 0:09:49'hundreds of low, slow unidentified targets are all over Britain.
0:09:50 > 0:09:54'They veer out to zero feet, speed, 60 to 90 mph.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58I always thought Eddie Stobart was a Russian-sounding name.
0:09:59 > 0:10:03You can see why Duncan Campbell got up the establishment's nose.
0:10:03 > 0:10:04He's brilliant!
0:10:04 > 0:10:07But his sixth programme was where the trouble really started.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10The Zircon Affair was about the secret funding of Britain's spy satellite.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13That's not secret as in secret from the Russians,
0:10:13 > 0:10:16or even secret from the man in the street,
0:10:16 > 0:10:21but secret from the parliamentary committee that's supposed to sign off on big spending on spy stuff!
0:10:24 > 0:10:28'Britain's first ever spy satellite will be soon be going into space.
0:10:32 > 0:10:37'The new British spy satellite has been a bigger secret than the nuclear programme.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41'Until today, few people have been aloud to know its special codename,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- 'Zircon.' - It's all very Thunderbirds are go.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49Satellites are very, very expensive.
0:10:49 > 0:10:55British intelligence simply can't afford a price tag like that
0:10:55 > 0:11:00on its own, so the bill for Zircon has been secretly passed over here,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03to the Ministry of Defence.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05I've been told by those who worked here
0:11:05 > 0:11:10that Zircon will cost around 5% of what the Trident nuclear programme is costing -
0:11:10 > 0:11:15that's between £400 and £500 million.
0:11:15 > 0:11:19One of the problems we had with this incredibly sensitive subject
0:11:19 > 0:11:21was that we had no documents,
0:11:21 > 0:11:25we had sources, but we couldn't possibly refer to them
0:11:25 > 0:11:29given the vulnerability and the sensitivity, so how do you, apart from trust,
0:11:29 > 0:11:36tell people this is a real story and we haven't made it all up?
0:11:36 > 0:11:39What we did was to arrange an interview with the retired
0:11:39 > 0:11:43Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence.
0:11:43 > 0:11:47We didn't pre-warn him that we were going to ask him about THE satellite,
0:11:47 > 0:11:50that he would be hearing a name that no-one was supposed to know.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53What difference to the situation for Britain and NATO
0:11:53 > 0:11:57will be made by the Zircon satellite?
0:12:01 > 0:12:03I can't talk to you about that, I'm afraid.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07You're saying that everything about Zircon is classified?
0:12:07 > 0:12:09Yes, I'm sorry about that.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12'It's an extraordinary visual moment in documentary television'
0:12:12 > 0:12:17to a watching audience, the point at which you saw his jaw drop,
0:12:17 > 0:12:21knowing who he was, "I can't talk about that",
0:12:21 > 0:12:26means, "the story is spot on, "we're exactly right, it exists,"
0:12:26 > 0:12:30I'm watching the rest of the programme.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34Under pressure from the government, the BBC shelved the programme.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38By the weekend of 24th January,
0:12:38 > 0:12:42Special Branch showed headquarters up here at the BBC in Queen Margaret Drive
0:12:42 > 0:12:47and raided the place, looking for evidence of a breach of the Official Secrets Act.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50In the end, neither the BBC nor Duncan Campbell were prosecuted,
0:12:50 > 0:12:53but it was two years before the Zircon programme was shown,
0:12:53 > 0:12:58and another episode, about Secret Cabinet committees, has still never been seen.
0:13:03 > 0:13:08Good evening. For the first time in 40 years, a director general of the BBC has resigned his post.
0:13:08 > 0:13:12Alistair Milne left the corporation at lunchtime today.
0:13:12 > 0:13:16The Zircon affair became the Governor's excuse
0:13:16 > 0:13:19for summarily dismissing Mr Milne.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24Which very much satisfied the government until the next incumbency
0:13:24 > 0:13:27proved to be just about as troublesome.
0:13:27 > 0:13:30As they should have been.
0:13:30 > 0:13:32When something terrible happens in the world today
0:13:32 > 0:13:35we might go online, but back in the '80s and '90s,
0:13:35 > 0:13:38we relied on television to tell us what was happening.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40Huge disasters took us to our televisions,
0:13:40 > 0:13:44waiting on the latest pictures, the latest news.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46Between 1988 and 1996
0:13:46 > 0:13:50three events gripped the Scottish audience, and beyond them, the world -
0:13:50 > 0:13:53Piper Alpha, Lockerbie and Dunblane.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58'Since we've come on the air reports have started to come through'
0:13:58 > 0:14:01of a major rescue in the North Sea.
0:14:01 > 0:14:04It seems there has been a fire and explosion on an oil rig
0:14:04 > 0:14:09with 200 men on board and a major rescue operation is now underway.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12The Piper Alpha rig, owned by the Occidental...
0:14:12 > 0:14:16'This was right at the beginning of live news broadcasting.'
0:14:16 > 0:14:19We weren't used to being on air live,
0:14:19 > 0:14:23we weren't used to round-the-clock coverage of tragedies like that.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27But I hope that on the line now is our reporter Jane Frankie,
0:14:27 > 0:14:32- from Aberdeen. Jane, can you hear me?- 'Yes, Donald, I can.'
0:14:32 > 0:14:35You normally go into a community,
0:14:35 > 0:14:39you normally go to the scene of the disaster, and in this case
0:14:39 > 0:14:45the scene of the disaster was hundreds of miles offshore in the North Sea.
0:14:45 > 0:14:48So the focus for our reporting
0:14:48 > 0:14:53was the hospital in Aberdeen where some of the casualties were taken.
0:14:54 > 0:15:00'Aberdeen Royal Infirmary early this morning as helicopters landed with the first of the survivors.'
0:15:01 > 0:15:05And then at one particular moment in the story, it became obvious
0:15:05 > 0:15:08that the people in the hospital could be stood down because
0:15:08 > 0:15:13there were not going to be any casualties, because 167 people had died.
0:15:20 > 0:15:21It was the newsroom Christmas party
0:15:21 > 0:15:25when we heard about the Lockerbie disaster and everyone was merry
0:15:25 > 0:15:28and I know a number of people were going on to another party.
0:15:28 > 0:15:31The word came through on the news desk that this terrible accident,
0:15:31 > 0:15:34as we thought, a plane had come down at Lockerbie
0:15:34 > 0:15:37and I remember that the controller was still in the building
0:15:37 > 0:15:43and he just gave us the car and actually I went straightaway.
0:15:43 > 0:15:48The one thing that will always stay with me is how eerily quiet it was.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57At moments like these, television has a big responsibility.
0:15:58 > 0:16:03This is as near to the reality as most of us will come.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06These are the pictures we will remember.
0:16:09 > 0:16:11There was a sense right from the beginning that Lockerbie
0:16:11 > 0:16:15would never, ever be the same again, and that the name of Lockerbie
0:16:15 > 0:16:19would be forever changed because of this dreadful, dreadful atrocity.
0:16:19 > 0:16:23Lockerbie came to a complete standstill this afternoon.
0:16:23 > 0:16:25The heartbreak caused by Britain's worst air disaster was
0:16:25 > 0:16:27there for all to see.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Those that had lost their loved ones, their neighbours,
0:16:30 > 0:16:32their friends, were united in grief.
0:16:33 > 0:16:41In a sense, if you look at the other events, oil rigs do blow up,
0:16:41 > 0:16:48and planes do crash out of the sky, but children don't get shot
0:16:48 > 0:16:50in primary schools in Scotland.
0:16:50 > 0:16:57That was the difference with this story - people found it really, really hard to believe.
0:16:57 > 0:17:03For Dunblane's primary one pupils, Wednesday March 13th started just like any other day.
0:17:03 > 0:17:0616 of them never got home,
0:17:06 > 0:17:09murdered at the hands of a gunman who then killed himself.
0:17:12 > 0:17:17As parents gathered on hearing the news, reports emerged from the school of carnage in the gym
0:17:17 > 0:17:21where the primary ones had gathered for the first class of the day.
0:17:22 > 0:17:27We had one reporter whose son was supposed to go
0:17:27 > 0:17:30to the school at Dunblane that afternoon for his familiarisation
0:17:30 > 0:17:33before attending the primary school the following year,
0:17:33 > 0:17:37so this wasn't a case of people going off to a foreign country
0:17:37 > 0:17:39and covering a disaster there,
0:17:39 > 0:17:44this was a story that was right in the heart of the journalistic community who were covering it.
0:17:46 > 0:17:52After a few days of covering this story, there was certainly
0:17:52 > 0:17:57a view in the newsroom that something should be done
0:17:57 > 0:18:01to leave the people of Dunblane alone to grieve in peace
0:18:01 > 0:18:07and to allow the funerals to take place without media intrusion.
0:18:18 > 0:18:22Usually, television journalism tells you about the world as it is.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25But all investigative journalists hope that finding out
0:18:25 > 0:18:28the truth might help change things for the better.
0:18:28 > 0:18:30And sometimes it does.
0:18:30 > 0:18:34In 1987, STV made two brilliant documentaries about Nazi war crimes.
0:18:34 > 0:18:39They're a great watch, they uncovered a story that most people didn't know
0:18:39 > 0:18:43AND they forced the British government to change the law.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46The man who discovered that Gecas was alive and well
0:18:46 > 0:18:48and living in Edinburgh
0:18:48 > 0:18:52is top American Nazi war crimes prosecutor Eli Rosenbaum.
0:18:52 > 0:18:56He accuses successive British governments of providing sanctuary for Nazi war criminals
0:18:56 > 0:19:01through a secret policy agreed in 1948.
0:19:01 > 0:19:02The fact that these crimes had been covered up
0:19:02 > 0:19:06by the British government, I just felt, was disgusting.
0:19:06 > 0:19:12How could my government have done this? Great Britain, Rule Britannia, were covering up Nazi war criminals.
0:19:12 > 0:19:19Mr Gecas is accused of mass murder. he lives in Edinburgh,
0:19:19 > 0:19:24He is a mining engineer and we have the documentation.
0:19:24 > 0:19:30Bob Tomlinson went to interview Gekas in his Edinburgh home.
0:19:30 > 0:19:35We watched the house until some lights went on, then we thought, "Right, we'll move now."
0:19:35 > 0:19:41I had some coins... I put some coins in a handkerchief.
0:19:41 > 0:19:49It looked as if I was cold. It was a sort of... It wasn't a nasty trick, but I suppose it was.
0:19:49 > 0:19:55I pulled it out as if I was going to blow my nose and let the coins fall in the house.
0:19:55 > 0:19:57One thing that people will never stop you doing in Scotland
0:19:57 > 0:19:59is pick up your own money,
0:19:59 > 0:20:01so the money was in the house and that therefore meant
0:20:01 > 0:20:05I was in the house and there was your man standing right in front of me.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09Were you aware that in protecting the Germans,
0:20:09 > 0:20:14you were helping them shoot and murder innocent people?
0:20:14 > 0:20:18Yes, I was aware, but what could we do about it?
0:20:19 > 0:20:21That was a war.
0:20:21 > 0:20:28The shootings go inside when you start. They go into a forest or a village.
0:20:28 > 0:20:33Start shootings? No, you don't know what's happening.
0:20:33 > 0:20:36I had to find out how many people actually did Gecas kill.
0:20:37 > 0:20:41And Gecas... The lowest number I could get that
0:20:41 > 0:20:44Gecas had been directly involved in the murders of,
0:20:44 > 0:20:47was 34,143 people.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51TRANSLATION: The people were usually standing in the pits.
0:20:51 > 0:20:54They stood in rows and the soldiers would shoot into their backs.
0:20:56 > 0:20:57BELL TOLLS
0:21:01 > 0:21:04TRANSLATION: I recognised my husband by his clothes.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06How else could I have recognised him?
0:21:06 > 0:21:10His face was covered in blood and he was all holes and blood.
0:21:10 > 0:21:13BELL TOLLS
0:21:16 > 0:21:19TRANSLATION: He used his pistol, which he took out from his holster
0:21:19 > 0:21:22and finished off the victims who were still alive.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24BELL TOLLS
0:21:24 > 0:21:27Bob Tomlinson's documentary put pressure on the government,
0:21:27 > 0:21:31and in 1991 they passed the War Crimes Bill.
0:21:31 > 0:21:34This means British courts can try Nazi criminals.
0:21:34 > 0:21:38Astonishingly, only one case has been successfully tried
0:21:38 > 0:21:43under the act and Gecas himself was never brought to court.
0:21:43 > 0:21:47He died in Edinburgh, peacefully, being cared for by the National Health Service,
0:21:47 > 0:21:54unlike the 34,143 people he murdered in cold blood, many of whom were children.
0:21:54 > 0:21:59So far we've been talking about investigative journalism, and news.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02But there's a lot of great political journalists in Scotland.
0:22:02 > 0:22:04The best known is probably this one.
0:22:04 > 0:22:10We couldn't make this programme without showing you a clip of her finest hour.
0:22:10 > 0:22:16Prime Minister, you have always said you didn't enter politics in order to be popular, but why are you
0:22:16 > 0:22:18so unpopular in Scotland?
0:22:18 > 0:22:22I don't think I'm necessarily the right person to answer that,
0:22:22 > 0:22:24but I wouldn't say it's entirely true.
0:22:24 > 0:22:28Whenever I'm here people say, "Come back soon come back more often."
0:22:28 > 0:22:30Last evening we had a marvellous reception
0:22:30 > 0:22:33and a very large dinner so I wouldn't necessarily accept that.
0:22:33 > 0:22:38Bernard Ingham tried to stop this interview happening.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41He said he wouldn't let the Prime Minister be questioned by a woman.
0:22:41 > 0:22:46The BBC hung tough and said it's Kirsty or nothing.
0:22:46 > 0:22:49She was obviously deeply angry at having to do an interview
0:22:49 > 0:22:51with me and not a man, deeply angry.
0:22:53 > 0:22:55I think she felt it was something
0:22:55 > 0:22:58she wasn't comfortable about doing, but she knew she had to do it.
0:22:58 > 0:23:02The growth is coming up fast
0:23:02 > 0:23:07and it looks as if from the latest figures as if we in Scotland
0:23:07 > 0:23:11are going to have higher growth than the people further south.
0:23:11 > 0:23:14She started talking about, "We in Scotland".
0:23:14 > 0:23:18The first time she said it I thought, "That's a bit odd,"
0:23:18 > 0:23:21cos I knew she was desperate to reconnect.
0:23:21 > 0:23:25We in Scotland hadn't quite had
0:23:25 > 0:23:31the full benefit of the increasing number of jobs there were,
0:23:31 > 0:23:34it seemed more difficult to get it for us here.
0:23:34 > 0:23:40We had brainstormed the interview, so from that point of view I was keyed up, but I'd done my homework.
0:23:40 > 0:23:47But also very few people knew - just my husband Alan and I knew - I was pregnant.
0:23:47 > 0:23:50I was determined that I was not going to get really upset
0:23:50 > 0:23:53by doing this interview because it was more important to be calm
0:23:53 > 0:23:58for my future child than it was to be calm for the Prime Minister.
0:23:58 > 0:24:02Your own backbenchers are saying that the community charge is
0:24:02 > 0:24:06a political cyanide pill and it will cause deep hatred and division.
0:24:06 > 0:24:08These are your own backbenchers.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11I have never heard the expression you have used before.
0:24:11 > 0:24:14- Tony Marlow and Hugh Dykes respectively.- Er...
0:24:16 > 0:24:19I did not hear what was said at the 22 committee,
0:24:19 > 0:24:24but if that is so, I don't believe that their judgment is correct.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28I remember the interview finished, and she just...
0:24:28 > 0:24:32"You interrupted me too much, that was terrible...da, da, da..."
0:24:32 > 0:24:34I could see Malcolm Rifkind going, "Oh, dear, dear,
0:24:34 > 0:24:39"this is just not going well at all." He sort of backed off.
0:24:39 > 0:24:43Even Michael Forsyth... Her response was disproportionate to the event.
0:24:43 > 0:24:48It had not been a comfortable interview for her.
0:24:50 > 0:24:56The biggest political issue facing Scotland in the last quarter of the 20th century was Devolution.
0:24:56 > 0:25:03In 1979, only 40% of us voted for it - by 1997, it was 74%.
0:25:03 > 0:25:08That's a increase of... It's a huge change.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11OK, so 18 years of Thatcherism might have had something
0:25:11 > 0:25:13to do with it, but so did programmes like this.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16The notion that Scotland gets more than it's fair share
0:25:16 > 0:25:20of public spending in fact is nothing but a myth,
0:25:20 > 0:25:22but it's one that is widely held particularly in
0:25:22 > 0:25:26the south of England. What this programme sets out to explode that
0:25:26 > 0:25:30myth by revealing that when it comes to guzzling the taxpayers' cash,
0:25:30 > 0:25:33no-one does it better than London and the South East.
0:25:34 > 0:25:36The public reaction was one of amazement.
0:25:36 > 0:25:40The political reaction was almost like a battle charge
0:25:40 > 0:25:42back across the border to say, "See!
0:25:42 > 0:25:44"It's not the way you said it was."
0:25:44 > 0:25:49This fixation with London produces some absurd situations.
0:25:49 > 0:25:52The Department for Energy, for example, supervises Britain's
0:25:52 > 0:25:59vital North Sea oil industries, but 856 of its 1,036 civil servants
0:25:59 > 0:26:03are based in the West End of London. There are only 23 in Aberdeen...
0:26:03 > 0:26:05the oil capital of Europe.
0:26:05 > 0:26:10The programme is as resonant today as it was all those years ago.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14We're still getting the same arguments, aren't we?
0:26:15 > 0:26:19In recent years, new technology has given television journalists
0:26:19 > 0:26:22another way of uncovering important stories.
0:26:23 > 0:26:27Our second undercover researcher, Arifa Farooq, is in Glasgow where
0:26:27 > 0:26:32our research is leading us to one of Scotland largest care providers.
0:26:32 > 0:26:36BBC Scotland's Investigation Unit used tiny hidden cameras
0:26:36 > 0:26:40and undercover reporters to expose mistreatment of the elderly.
0:26:40 > 0:26:44Arifa knows there's something wrong in a client's house by the smell
0:26:44 > 0:26:46as she enters the front door.
0:26:46 > 0:26:49I have just found excrement all over
0:26:49 > 0:26:57her floor and it seems to have been there for some time now - it seems hard and dried in.
0:26:57 > 0:27:03It seems as though no-one has bothered to clean it up.
0:27:03 > 0:27:07It is so disgusting.
0:27:07 > 0:27:11The purpose of investigative journalism is to shed light in places
0:27:11 > 0:27:16that people don't want light to be shed and bring about change.
0:27:16 > 0:27:19And that kind of investigative journalism did it.
0:27:19 > 0:27:23Andy allowed the BBC to fit hidden cameras throughout his house
0:27:23 > 0:27:26so he knows he's being filmed here, but his carer doesn't.
0:27:33 > 0:27:36He's unsure whether she's talking to him or down the phone.
0:27:38 > 0:27:44This kind of programme making is absolutely vital for the BBC
0:27:44 > 0:27:48to do and absolutely vital for wider society.
0:27:48 > 0:27:54We need to keep poking our noses in, we need to keep exposing wrongdoing.
0:27:59 > 0:28:04I wouldn't normally make any great claims about TV making
0:28:04 > 0:28:05the world a better place.
0:28:05 > 0:28:10But some of the stuff we've seen tonight - calling war criminals to account,
0:28:10 > 0:28:15exposing secret deals between MI5 and the Ministry of Defence, telling us fast and accurately
0:28:15 > 0:28:19about the big news stories, keeping tabs on the people who govern us -
0:28:19 > 0:28:23well, it matters, and we're a better country for it.
0:28:23 > 0:28:24Walk on.
0:28:45 > 0:28:47Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd