0:00:02 > 0:00:09This programme contains some scenes which some viewers may find upsetting
0:00:13 > 0:00:15How was the body when you found it?
0:00:20 > 0:00:25My name is Oscar Duke and I'm albino.
0:00:25 > 0:00:26In parts of East Africa,
0:00:26 > 0:00:30being born with my condition can be a death sentence.
0:00:30 > 0:00:35People with albinism are regularly attacked, abducted and murdered.
0:00:40 > 0:00:45Their body parts are used in potions, sold by witch doctors.
0:00:45 > 0:00:47They just weakened the mouth
0:00:47 > 0:00:51by hitting him hard and all the teeths were out.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Did they specifically want the teeth?
0:00:53 > 0:00:55Yeah!
0:00:55 > 0:00:58It is something that is valuable, according to them.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02In Britain, I work as a doctor and lead a normal life.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04I can't imagine what it's like to live in such fear.
0:01:06 > 0:01:08I wanted to find out why this is happening.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16What do you think it says about the society in Tanzania that children
0:01:16 > 0:01:18like this are forced into isolation?
0:01:18 > 0:01:22The society has to understand that this is not a good thing.
0:01:22 > 0:01:23So, this is the prison.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27'And what kind of person would murder someone like me?'
0:01:27 > 0:01:30Do you think it's OK to kill somebody for money?
0:01:34 > 0:01:37So, why did you do it?
0:01:45 > 0:01:47Although they're pretty wonky,
0:01:47 > 0:01:51these are the same ones I've had since I was 13 and I've never once
0:01:51 > 0:01:54broken my glasses, which I think is amazing.
0:01:54 > 0:01:56Although, actually, glasses have kind of come back round,
0:01:56 > 0:01:58they're a bit more cool these days.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00Not these ones, though.
0:02:01 > 0:02:05I was first diagnosed with albinism when I was six weeks old.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07My parents aren't albino,
0:02:07 > 0:02:11but each carries the same faulty gene which they passed onto me.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14It means I can't create a pigment called melanin.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19As well as giving skin and hair its colour,
0:02:19 > 0:02:23melanin plays a vital role in the retina, so my eyes don't work normally.
0:02:24 > 0:02:29Rather than just being still, if you focus on something,
0:02:29 > 0:02:33they kind of wobble. Can you see that?
0:02:33 > 0:02:37I've always considered albinism a disability and spent most of my life
0:02:37 > 0:02:39trying to ignore it.
0:02:39 > 0:02:42'I even kept it a secret from my wife, Ray,
0:02:42 > 0:02:44'when we first started dating.'
0:02:44 > 0:02:45Right, packing time.
0:02:45 > 0:02:49If I just put everything out, kind of, as I've got it?
0:02:49 > 0:02:52Cos otherwise I'm going to have no idea what I've got.
0:02:52 > 0:02:56I definitely had an issue about
0:02:56 > 0:03:01having albinism and I didn't want it to get in the way of our relationship,
0:03:01 > 0:03:03I think that was the real truth.
0:03:03 > 0:03:04And I guess, for you,
0:03:04 > 0:03:07albinism had never got in the way of anything in your life before,
0:03:07 > 0:03:09so you did whatever you wanted at school,
0:03:09 > 0:03:11you went to university to be a doctor,
0:03:11 > 0:03:13you'd become a doctor at that point.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15I do remember telling you...
0:03:15 > 0:03:17- I remember exactly.- There were definitely tears from me.
0:03:17 > 0:03:19- Yeah, you cried!- Yeah, I did cry.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22And, actually, then you telling me was a huge relief,
0:03:22 > 0:03:25cos I thought it was going to be something far worse.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29- Yeah.- I don't know, you had some horrible past or, I don't know,
0:03:29 > 0:03:32you'd been married to some other, or like, I don't know.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36And didn't it work out well?
0:03:37 > 0:03:39- For now.- Yes.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41Two years in.
0:03:41 > 0:03:43'Now Ray and I are thinking about having children,
0:03:43 > 0:03:46'I've spent a lot of time looking into my condition.'
0:03:47 > 0:03:52For me, I've accepted that I have albinism and I've learned to live my
0:03:52 > 0:03:56life with it and been able to do the things that I wanted to do. And then
0:03:56 > 0:04:00I've heard that there are people in other parts of the world,
0:04:00 > 0:04:06particularly East Africa, where that is just not an option for them.
0:04:06 > 0:04:07- Waterproof?- And the rain coat,
0:04:07 > 0:04:09because we are approaching the rainy season.
0:04:09 > 0:04:12'I'm heading to Tanzania which has among the highest rate of albinism
0:04:12 > 0:04:16'in the world. Albinos who live there have been stigmatised,
0:04:16 > 0:04:18'persecuted and even killed.'
0:04:18 > 0:04:22People are being murdered because of something that's wrong with them in
0:04:22 > 0:04:25their genes. It just doesn't seem right to me.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30'I want to find out why people like me are being targeted and what can
0:04:30 > 0:04:34'be done to help one of the most marginalised communities in Africa.'
0:04:42 > 0:04:47Tanzania is home to around 16,000 people with albinism.
0:04:47 > 0:04:49Almost half are children.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54When the violence against them first hit the headlines ten years ago,
0:04:54 > 0:04:57it prompted the Tanzanian government to offer help.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02My journey starts in Arusha, in the north of the country,
0:05:02 > 0:05:06at a school where the state sponsors kids with albinism.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11I was the only albino at my school, but here, there are 16,
0:05:11 > 0:05:14including 12-year-old Dixon.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16- Hi, Dixon.- Hi, Oscar.
0:05:16 > 0:05:17- How are you?- Fine.
0:05:17 > 0:05:18So good to meet you.
0:05:18 > 0:05:20So, are you guys in the same class?
0:05:20 > 0:05:23Yeah...
0:05:23 > 0:05:25It's really white, isn't it?
0:05:25 > 0:05:26Why do you think that?
0:05:26 > 0:05:28I think because the skin is.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30- Because my skin is white, too?- Yes.
0:05:30 > 0:05:31Yeah.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34- Melanin.- Melanin?
0:05:34 > 0:05:35Yeah. Amazing.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37You guys know it all, don't you?
0:05:37 > 0:05:39- Yes.- We don't have melanin, do we?
0:05:39 > 0:05:41No. Does it matter?
0:05:41 > 0:05:43No.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46No. Do you think I'm the same as these guys?
0:05:46 > 0:05:48- No?- Why do you think I'm different?
0:05:48 > 0:05:51Because the melanin, the colour, is not the same with this one.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53It looks the same to me.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- It's not the same.- But in the body they are not the same.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00- Why are they different?- Because when you pass the sun...
0:06:00 > 0:06:02- It's the same?- Yes.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04If I go in the sun I get really, really burnt.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07The sun is really bad for my skin.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Just like these guys. Exactly the same.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Yes, because of the eyes...
0:06:14 > 0:06:15You see my eyes? Yeah.
0:06:15 > 0:06:17Tell me about my eyes.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19- It's different.- It's different?
0:06:19 > 0:06:22Yes.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25- No, not different.- Yes, it's different. Don't you see it is different?
0:06:30 > 0:06:33Bye-bye! Bye-bye.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35Come on, let's go.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39'Having no melanin means that the back of our eyes cannot focus on
0:06:39 > 0:06:43'long distances, so it's difficult to see things like the blackboard.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49'Today, I'm going with Dixon and the other children with albinism at his
0:06:49 > 0:06:52'school to an eye clinic to see whether they can get any help.'
0:06:55 > 0:06:57Let's see.
0:07:15 > 0:07:16Let's go over this way.
0:07:18 > 0:07:19Are we good?
0:07:22 > 0:07:24'Tanzania has no NHS,
0:07:24 > 0:07:27'so these children must rely on NGOs for their eye care.'
0:07:27 > 0:07:29So, here we are.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33'Although the government has provided the venue.'
0:07:35 > 0:07:36What's your name?
0:07:36 > 0:07:37- Dixon.- Dixon?
0:07:37 > 0:07:39- Dixon.- Dixon.- Dixon.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41You've got to be loud, strong.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45Have your card and then join the queue.
0:07:45 > 0:07:49Shall we get in the queue?
0:07:49 > 0:07:50Thanks.
0:07:53 > 0:07:54Sorry.
0:07:54 > 0:07:55Are you all right?
0:07:55 > 0:07:58You OK?
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Cos it's hard to see, isn't it?
0:08:00 > 0:08:03I hate it because it's embarrassing when I do things like that.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05- Do you feel embarrassed?- Yes.
0:08:13 > 0:08:15My heart just completely went out to him,
0:08:15 > 0:08:20because I can completely relate to that feeling of embarrassment when
0:08:20 > 0:08:24you are trying to just be normal and then you do something
0:08:24 > 0:08:27and you fall over and you trip up.
0:08:31 > 0:08:32You just feel really stupid,
0:08:32 > 0:08:35you just want the world to swallow you up and take you away.
0:08:35 > 0:08:39And he did that, but we had a chat about it, which was really nice.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42How are you doing? All right?
0:08:44 > 0:08:46'Everyone here will have their eyes tested.'
0:08:46 > 0:08:47Can you try this one?
0:08:47 > 0:08:50'But only some will qualify for the prescription glasses.'
0:08:50 > 0:08:52This one? Very good.
0:08:52 > 0:08:56Where did you get to? Here goes, Dixon.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59'This vision programme will only reach about 1,000,
0:08:59 > 0:09:02'or 12% of albino children.'
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Can you see me any better?
0:09:04 > 0:09:06'So, Dixon is one of the lucky ones.'
0:09:06 > 0:09:07Saw yourself.
0:09:07 > 0:09:09Awesome!
0:09:09 > 0:09:12THEY SING
0:09:15 > 0:09:20I've never seen so many albino people in one place.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23There is such a sense of happiness, as well.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27Nobody here is feeling sorry for themselves.
0:09:27 > 0:09:32I can completely relate to that and I think, you know, good for them.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35'But even in the upbeat atmosphere of this clinic,
0:09:35 > 0:09:39'some of the conversations hint at the darker side of albinism in Tanzania.'
0:09:45 > 0:09:47No. No. None.
0:09:52 > 0:09:53I would say, yeah, equal.
0:09:53 > 0:09:57In England there are much less people with albinism
0:09:57 > 0:09:59than there are in Tanzania.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05It's believed that the smaller gene pool in parts of Tanzania is one
0:10:05 > 0:10:08reason for the high rates of albinism.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15Being an albino in Britain, where lots of people are fair-skinned,
0:10:15 > 0:10:18means my condition mostly goes unnoticed.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24But being so pale in a country where almost everyone is black,
0:10:24 > 0:10:26means you really stand out.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31That difference has led to prejudice against albinos.
0:10:31 > 0:10:35And fuelled superstitious beliefs that have existed for generations.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39Have you ever heard anything bad about people with albinism?
0:10:43 > 0:10:45Why have they been excluded?
0:10:52 > 0:10:56Have you ever met anybody who says bad things about people with albinism?
0:10:58 > 0:10:59And what sort of things would they say?
0:11:20 > 0:11:22Is it something people talk openly about,
0:11:22 > 0:11:25or do you think people are scared to say these things even though they
0:11:25 > 0:11:26still believe them?
0:11:33 > 0:11:36Do people have names for people with albinism?
0:11:48 > 0:11:49As outrageous as it seems,
0:11:49 > 0:11:53the belief that minerals from an albino's body bring wealth has led
0:11:53 > 0:11:56people to kill or mutilate them for their body parts.
0:11:59 > 0:12:04Since 2006, local charities have recorded 170 attacks,
0:12:04 > 0:12:0670 of which were fatal.
0:12:08 > 0:12:12To find out more about these brutal acts I've come to Mwanza city in the
0:12:12 > 0:12:13north of Tanzania.
0:12:15 > 0:12:17This region is known as the Lake zone.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21There have been more attacks against people with albinism here than
0:12:21 > 0:12:22anywhere else in Tanzania.
0:12:35 > 0:12:41I mean, of course, people are hurt in wars, and in accidents,
0:12:41 > 0:12:46but you don't very often meet people who have been actually attacked just
0:12:46 > 0:12:49because of their genetic condition.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53Especially not one that you have yourself.
0:12:54 > 0:12:57Children are particularly vulnerable,
0:12:57 > 0:12:59and I'm on my way to meet 15-year-old Festo,
0:12:59 > 0:13:01who was attacked at the age of seven.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05Hi. Are you Festo?
0:13:08 > 0:13:11When you're in your classes, do you always sit at the front?
0:13:11 > 0:13:13- Yes.- This is your desk?
0:13:13 > 0:13:14Yes.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16So that you can see the board?
0:13:16 > 0:13:18Yes.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20I used to do exactly the same in my classes.
0:13:23 > 0:13:25Madame Molly is Festo's teacher and guardian.
0:13:26 > 0:13:30The mother was in the kitchen preparing the evening meal,
0:13:30 > 0:13:32it was not late in the night.
0:13:32 > 0:13:37It was around 7pm in the evening.
0:13:37 > 0:13:42And while the mother was preparing supper for the other children,
0:13:42 > 0:13:44a group of men came in.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47He didn't tell me the exact number of the attackers,
0:13:47 > 0:13:48but there were more than four.
0:13:48 > 0:13:51- That is what he's told me.- Lots of people?- Yeah, there were lots of people.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54He just saw people coming in with machetes,
0:13:54 > 0:13:57and before he could have a second look at them, they had had already
0:13:57 > 0:14:00cut one of his arms, the fingers, the teeth.
0:14:00 > 0:14:03They must be so sharp and aggressive,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06to use a knife to chop off an arm is not...
0:14:06 > 0:14:09This is now a panga, not a knife.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12So the blunt part, that is not sharpened.
0:14:12 > 0:14:18They just weakened the mouth by hitting him hard and all the teeth were out.
0:14:18 > 0:14:23In fact he was cut, part of the lower part of the mouth.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25And do they specifically want the teeth?
0:14:25 > 0:14:27Yeah!
0:14:27 > 0:14:30It is something that is valuable, according to them.
0:14:30 > 0:14:34'After the attack Festo spent four months in hospital.'
0:14:34 > 0:14:38What do people think about people with albinism in Tanzania?
0:14:44 > 0:14:45- They think they'll get money?- Yes.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50- That's crazy.- Yes.
0:14:50 > 0:14:51And why do they think that?
0:15:01 > 0:15:04So the witch doctors tell the people
0:15:04 > 0:15:08- to go and attack people with albinism?- Yes.
0:15:11 > 0:15:16'Madame Molly has made sure that Festo can lead as normal a life as possible.
0:15:18 > 0:15:26'Surgeons attached one of his toes to his remaining hand so he could still use it.'
0:15:26 > 0:15:29MUSIC: La Difference By Salif Keita
0:15:57 > 0:16:01He does it. It's his problem every day, so when he dropped his pencil,
0:16:01 > 0:16:02he knows how to get it, of course,
0:16:02 > 0:16:05he doesn't sit there and let everything fall apart around him.
0:16:05 > 0:16:09He has his mechanism for holding the pencils, and wiping his brow, and...
0:16:11 > 0:16:14That is how it is for him, he's just battling on regardless.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53It's heartbreaking, really, to see
0:16:53 > 0:16:55what's happened.
0:16:55 > 0:17:00But heart-warming to see where he's going, and how he is now.
0:17:06 > 0:17:07Wow!
0:17:09 > 0:17:10Yeah.
0:17:10 > 0:17:12That is amazing!
0:17:14 > 0:17:16There is clearly evil at work,
0:17:16 > 0:17:21which is so entrenched in beliefs that they think it's OK to do that.
0:17:22 > 0:17:27But when you see him, you see the future.
0:17:27 > 0:17:29Just by being how he is already,
0:17:29 > 0:17:33he's such a powerful advocate for coming through horror and getting
0:17:33 > 0:17:37out the other side. And it doesn't matter whether that's albinism or anything,
0:17:37 > 0:17:40I mean, he's a kid, isn't he?
0:17:40 > 0:17:42And he's got,
0:17:42 > 0:17:47basically, no hands, no vision, really pale skin,
0:17:48 > 0:17:50and he lives in Africa.
0:17:50 > 0:17:51And thank God he's at a very nice school,
0:17:51 > 0:17:54with very nice teachers and friends around him.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56Congratulations.
0:17:56 > 0:17:57That is great, Festo.
0:17:57 > 0:17:59Tomorrow, you'll drink another soda.
0:17:59 > 0:18:00- Yes.- And biscuits.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03You always get that from me for good work done.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06The other guys were saying that Festo's the best at school art
0:18:06 > 0:18:08- in the whole school.- In drawing?
0:18:08 > 0:18:10- Yeah.- The best!- Really?
0:18:10 > 0:18:11- Thank you.- Thank you.
0:18:11 > 0:18:13- Yeah?- Yes.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21It's hard to understand how anyone could cut the limbs off children like Festo.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28But it seems that witch doctors are behind the attacks.
0:18:31 > 0:18:36Paulina Alex runs a charity which supports albino families affected
0:18:36 > 0:18:38by violence.
0:18:38 > 0:18:41She's taking me on a walk through town to explain how the trade in
0:18:41 > 0:18:43body parts works.
0:18:45 > 0:18:48Our priority is people with albinism.
0:18:50 > 0:18:54Actually, in Tanzania, there are so many things which are taking place,
0:18:54 > 0:19:00including the wrong belief that if you have a body part of persons with
0:19:00 > 0:19:06albinism, and you mix it with some medicine, you will become rich.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08Right. And who spreads those beliefs?
0:19:09 > 0:19:16Actually, witchcraft are the ones who are spreading this wrong belief.
0:19:16 > 0:19:19- So, they're the witch doctors? - The witch doctors.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21So, people are buying these potions then?
0:19:21 > 0:19:25- Yes.- And how much would a potion cost?
0:19:25 > 0:19:27- It is a lot of money.- Like...?
0:19:27 > 0:19:32Starting from 20 million Tanzanian shillings and above.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34How many dollars is that?
0:19:36 > 0:19:44Like, US10,000 and above, so it's a lot of money.
0:19:44 > 0:19:48So it's like, £6,000 or £7,000.
0:19:48 > 0:19:50- Exactly.- For a little bit of potion.
0:19:50 > 0:19:51Sure.
0:19:52 > 0:19:57'The average wage in Tanzania is only £60 a month.'
0:19:57 > 0:20:01And it's a weird question to ask, but, like, a hand or a body part,
0:20:01 > 0:20:03how much would somebody get for that?
0:20:06 > 0:20:09According to what I have been hearing from other people,
0:20:09 > 0:20:13it depends on the body part you have.
0:20:13 > 0:20:15If you have a leg,
0:20:15 > 0:20:17it means the price is higher.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20- Because there's more? - Yeah, it's more.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24If you have a hand, the price is a little bit cheap.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28- Less?- Yes.- It's crazy, isn't it?
0:20:28 > 0:20:32- Mad. Don't you think? - Yeah, sure, sure.
0:20:32 > 0:20:34And then who buys the potions?
0:20:35 > 0:20:38The businessmen are buying this.
0:20:38 > 0:20:40The miners are the ones
0:20:40 > 0:20:45who are buying. Fishers. So, there are so many people.
0:20:45 > 0:20:50And sometimes, they are mentioning some politicians.
0:20:50 > 0:20:52Some politicians buy them as well?
0:20:52 > 0:20:57- Yeah.- 'NGO research suggests that the rate of attacks against albinos
0:20:57 > 0:20:59'increases just before an election.
0:20:59 > 0:21:03'It's alleged that even some politicians believe albino potions
0:21:03 > 0:21:05'will help them gain power.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08'But even though the past decade has seen a sharp spike in the number of attacks
0:21:08 > 0:21:14'being reported, Paulina believes the violence may have been going on for much longer.'
0:21:14 > 0:21:17And I remember when I was a child,
0:21:17 > 0:21:22my grandma used to tell me that people with albinism, they don't die.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24They normally disappear.
0:21:24 > 0:21:27- Really?- So when I recall back,
0:21:27 > 0:21:33it means that the killing of people with albinism started a long time ago.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36How can you say that someone is disappearing?
0:21:36 > 0:21:38I see what you mean.
0:21:38 > 0:21:39Instead of dying.
0:21:39 > 0:21:43So, yeah, maybe they were even being killed then.
0:21:43 > 0:21:46- Yeah.- So it's a very, kind of, ancient tradition.
0:21:46 > 0:21:47Yeah, sure.
0:21:57 > 0:22:01It's estimated that 60% of Tanzanians believe in witchcraft.
0:22:02 > 0:22:07The use of so-called traditional healers has been part of the culture for generations.
0:22:08 > 0:22:12As a doctor, it's hard to understand how these beliefs could still play
0:22:12 > 0:22:16such a powerful role in society, especially when they lead to murder.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22'But a prominent local healer has agreed to explain more.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24'If I can find him.'
0:22:24 > 0:22:27It definitely feels like the traditional healer is
0:22:27 > 0:22:31kind of hidden away round the back of the village.
0:22:41 > 0:22:43It's right, kind of, in the woods, isn't it?
0:22:43 > 0:22:46I guess there's lots of herbs around.
0:22:52 > 0:22:55We haven't seen anybody with albinism anywhere nearby.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57Which is probably for the best, isn't it?
0:22:59 > 0:23:01It's me!
0:23:06 > 0:23:11HE SPEAKS SWAHILI Hello.
0:23:11 > 0:23:14HE SPEAKS SWAHILI
0:23:14 > 0:23:15Oscar.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19And how do you know all about the different herbs? How do you learn that?
0:23:30 > 0:23:32But how did you learn? Did you learn it in school?
0:23:32 > 0:23:35How do you know the science?
0:23:40 > 0:23:45So if I became a traditional healer I could have saved a lot of time at university.
0:24:10 > 0:24:12And so what is this herb?
0:24:12 > 0:24:14What does it help with?
0:24:14 > 0:24:15What's it for?
0:24:39 > 0:24:40Asante.
0:24:40 > 0:24:42HEALER LAUGHS
0:24:45 > 0:24:49So, you are a traditional healer, is that different to a witch doctor?
0:25:25 > 0:25:27After the attacks started coming to light,
0:25:27 > 0:25:31the Tanzanian government decided to regulate traditional healers.
0:25:32 > 0:25:35In order to practise legally, you now need to be licensed,
0:25:35 > 0:25:39and Mr Bujukano is working with the police in an attempt to root out the
0:25:39 > 0:25:41violent witchdoctors.
0:25:42 > 0:25:46Before I leave, I wonder whether there's anything he can do for me.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25Thank you, thank you.
0:26:25 > 0:26:26That's lovely.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29HEALER LAUGHS
0:26:32 > 0:26:36It's, for me, not something I would be paying any money for.
0:26:36 > 0:26:39For bringing a gift, as he likes to call it.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43But...
0:26:43 > 0:26:47it is part of their culture, and he's obviously a prominent,
0:26:47 > 0:26:49relatively wealthy member of that village society,
0:26:50 > 0:26:52so he is listened to.
0:26:52 > 0:26:57And you can see how if somebody like him went off the rails and decided
0:26:57 > 0:27:01that they wanted to use people with albinism in their potions, that, probably,
0:27:01 > 0:27:03people in the community would go with it.
0:27:03 > 0:27:06Especially if there was a big financial reward behind it.
0:27:06 > 0:27:09So, they have a lot of power, I would say.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24As well as cracking down on witchdoctors,
0:27:24 > 0:27:27the Tanzanian government has tried to safeguard children with albinism
0:27:27 > 0:27:31by offering those in high-risk areas somewhere else to live.
0:27:31 > 0:27:35'Many have been placed by their families in secure residential centres
0:27:35 > 0:27:38'called protectorates.'
0:27:38 > 0:27:41We are following a member of the Tanzanian Albinism Society,
0:27:41 > 0:27:45and as you can see, we can't see really, it's just a dirt track,
0:27:45 > 0:27:48lots of dust coming off the Jeep in front.
0:27:51 > 0:27:52Hello.
0:27:52 > 0:27:56Charles and Kulwa had to flee their home four years ago,
0:27:56 > 0:27:59and put their two children into one of the centres.
0:28:00 > 0:28:02Since then, they've had three more.
0:28:04 > 0:28:05Asante...
0:28:08 > 0:28:10I was too slow.
0:28:10 > 0:28:13And these are your children as well?
0:28:13 > 0:28:15- What's your name?- Peter.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17Peter. Nice to meet you, Peter.
0:28:18 > 0:28:23Can I have a hug? How are you?
0:28:23 > 0:28:24You're adorable, aren't you?
0:28:27 > 0:28:29Aw. Cool.
0:28:29 > 0:28:31- And who's this?- Salma.- Salma?
0:28:31 > 0:28:33- Salma.- And how old's Salma?
0:28:38 > 0:28:40'As both Charles and his wife are albino,
0:28:40 > 0:28:44'any children they have will always have albinism.'
0:28:44 > 0:28:48So, two of your children are in the protectorate centre.
0:28:48 > 0:28:51How safe is it for you all living in the village here?
0:29:03 > 0:29:07So you had to leave the village that you've lived in for how many years?
0:29:19 > 0:29:23Wow, so you lived there for your whole life, until four years ago?
0:29:24 > 0:29:28And would you ever want to bring your other two children back home?
0:29:37 > 0:29:41Has Mummy been to see her other children in Buhangija recently?
0:29:53 > 0:29:55If Charles wants to see his children,
0:29:55 > 0:29:58it's two hours each way on public transport.
0:29:59 > 0:30:02He can only travel when he can afford it.
0:30:02 > 0:30:06The tiny wage he earns from fetching water means the £2 bus fair is
0:30:06 > 0:30:07usually out of his reach.
0:30:10 > 0:30:13'The last time Charles saw his children was four months ago.'
0:30:15 > 0:30:16Here we are.
0:30:21 > 0:30:26'There are nine protectorate centres like this across Tanzania.
0:30:26 > 0:30:27'Since 2006,
0:30:27 > 0:30:32'more than 500 children aged from three to 18 have been hidden away
0:30:32 > 0:30:34'behind high walls and barbed wire.
0:30:36 > 0:30:40'Nobody can go inside without permission from the government
0:30:40 > 0:30:43'and it's guarded 24 hours a day.'
0:30:45 > 0:30:47Shoma.
0:30:47 > 0:30:48Hi, Shoma.
0:30:48 > 0:30:51How old are you, Shoma?
0:30:51 > 0:30:54- TRANSLATOR:- I'm ten years old.
0:30:54 > 0:30:56And who's this, Shoma?
0:30:56 > 0:30:57Is this your teacher?
0:30:57 > 0:31:03- Yeah.- And how many of the children with albinism who live here are able
0:31:03 > 0:31:07- to go home?- Most of them remain here.
0:31:07 > 0:31:10- Why is that?- Because they are being afraid.
0:31:10 > 0:31:13Very minority parents come to visit their children.
0:31:13 > 0:31:15So, Charles is unusual in that respect, then?
0:31:15 > 0:31:16Yeah.
0:31:16 > 0:31:18- He's good.- That is great.
0:31:20 > 0:31:22So, this is your son, Charles?
0:31:22 > 0:31:23Yeah.
0:31:23 > 0:31:25So, he's been here since the age of four.
0:31:25 > 0:31:27Not four, three years.
0:31:27 > 0:31:29- Since the age of three?- Yeah.
0:31:29 > 0:31:30OK.
0:31:34 > 0:31:39And how do Charles' children cope when they see him and then he goes?
0:31:39 > 0:31:41They feel it's so unfair.
0:31:41 > 0:31:43They don't like it?
0:31:43 > 0:31:45Everyone wants to stay with their parents, yeah?
0:31:45 > 0:31:47- Yeah, of course.- Yes.
0:31:47 > 0:31:52Could you imagine ever leaving your children like these parents have?
0:31:52 > 0:31:54I can't leave my children.
0:31:59 > 0:32:02To understand what life is like for the children here,
0:32:02 > 0:32:04I need to speak to the headmaster.
0:32:04 > 0:32:07Hello. My name is Saliman Shabani Kapanya.
0:32:07 > 0:32:13Yeah, I'm a school headmaster in the centre as well.
0:32:13 > 0:32:15So, you're in charge of the Buhangija protectorate centre?
0:32:15 > 0:32:17Yeah, Buhangija as well.
0:32:17 > 0:32:20It was special for the blind people.
0:32:20 > 0:32:22It was always used for blind people?
0:32:22 > 0:32:25Yes, before the killings of the albinos started.
0:32:25 > 0:32:28Yeah, there was no fence, it was just open.
0:32:28 > 0:32:31So, that's all been added in since the attacks happened?
0:32:31 > 0:32:33Yeah. Yeah.
0:32:33 > 0:32:38The problem we have is that the space is not enough.
0:32:38 > 0:32:41Is the government helping you to increase that space?
0:32:41 > 0:32:43Yes, they are trying to do that.
0:32:43 > 0:32:48Do you ever do any trips to go out, to take them out of the centre?
0:32:48 > 0:32:52Not more than... Sometimes we have people who are helping us,
0:32:52 > 0:32:57they take them to several areas, but most of them, most of the time,
0:32:57 > 0:32:58- they stay here.- Stay here?
0:32:58 > 0:32:59Yeah.
0:33:01 > 0:33:05This is the dormitory.
0:33:06 > 0:33:07As you see.
0:33:08 > 0:33:11What do you think are the psychological problems
0:33:11 > 0:33:16- of living here for the children? - You see, living here,
0:33:18 > 0:33:22from the morning you are here doing nothing,
0:33:22 > 0:33:25especially for those who are not studying, you see.
0:33:25 > 0:33:28They wake up in the morning, they stay here, you see,
0:33:28 > 0:33:32they are not allowed to go outside, you see.
0:33:32 > 0:33:35No places for sports or games.
0:33:36 > 0:33:40They are there. So that's not good.
0:33:40 > 0:33:44What do you think it says about the society in Tanzania that children
0:33:44 > 0:33:46like this are forced into isolation?
0:33:47 > 0:33:53I think the society has to understand that this is not a good thing.
0:33:53 > 0:33:57That's the first thing. This is not a good thing, to isolate,
0:33:57 > 0:34:02to segregate some people because of their skin colour.
0:34:02 > 0:34:04You see, that's not good.
0:34:04 > 0:34:06Do you think there's any progress towards that?
0:34:06 > 0:34:11Yes. For almost a year now we have not received any new entrants.
0:34:12 > 0:34:15- Really?- Yes. For almost a year now.
0:34:15 > 0:34:17Yeah, no new entrants.
0:34:17 > 0:34:22Do you think there will be a day when protectorate camps like Buhangija are closed down?
0:34:22 > 0:34:23Yes. I'm hoping so.
0:34:23 > 0:34:28We used to receive them every day, but now...
0:34:28 > 0:34:30- It's settling down.- Yes.
0:34:30 > 0:34:31That's really good to hear.
0:34:31 > 0:34:33Thank you so much for talking to me.
0:34:33 > 0:34:36'It makes you think about having albinism and
0:34:38 > 0:34:40'bringing that forward and having children,
0:34:40 > 0:34:41'and one of the things I've been
0:34:41 > 0:34:44'really worried about is having a child with albinism
0:34:44 > 0:34:45'and not wanting that.'
0:34:48 > 0:34:52I still feel that I wouldn't choose to have a child with albinism,
0:34:53 > 0:34:57but when you meet people like this, you can't help but feel,
0:35:00 > 0:35:05in terms of what I would be able to offer to a child who had albinism
0:35:05 > 0:35:06in my life,
0:35:07 > 0:35:09they could have a fantastic life.
0:35:10 > 0:35:17And that is so distant to what would happen if you had a child with
0:35:17 > 0:35:18albinism in Tanzania.
0:35:27 > 0:35:31It's awful to see small children separated from their families and kept
0:35:31 > 0:35:34locked behind high walls to stop them from being murdered.
0:35:41 > 0:35:44I want to know what the police are doing to catch the killers
0:35:44 > 0:35:47and punish those involved in the trade.
0:35:47 > 0:35:52I haven't really met anybody who is in charge or responsible for the
0:35:52 > 0:35:54crimes that are happening to people with albinism.
0:35:54 > 0:35:58It makes me feel really angry.
0:35:58 > 0:36:04Everybody should have a right to have a just, fair life,
0:36:05 > 0:36:07whether you're black, white or anything in between.
0:36:10 > 0:36:12After some last-minute negotiation,
0:36:12 > 0:36:15the acting commander of the police service in Mwanza
0:36:15 > 0:36:16has agreed to meet me.
0:36:18 > 0:36:21I'm hoping he'll be able to give me some answers.
0:36:23 > 0:36:25My name is Agusta Sanga.
0:36:25 > 0:36:27Very good to meet you, Mr Sanga.
0:36:27 > 0:36:30For the time being, I am acting as the regional police commander.
0:36:30 > 0:36:32- Excellent.- The commander is on vacation.
0:36:32 > 0:36:34So you're in charge?
0:36:34 > 0:36:35- Yes.- Excellent.
0:36:35 > 0:36:39- You're welcome.- Very good to meet you, thank you.- Thank you very much, welcome.
0:36:39 > 0:36:40Please.
0:36:42 > 0:36:44Yes. You're welcome.
0:36:44 > 0:36:47What are the challenges for you as police commander in fighting these
0:36:47 > 0:36:52- sorts of crimes?- These particular crimes are done secretly,
0:36:52 > 0:36:55completely secretly. Sometimes we find the members of the family,
0:36:55 > 0:37:01so you investigate a case of which the members of the victim are involved,
0:37:01 > 0:37:03it becomes very, very difficult.
0:37:03 > 0:37:06So, the family members are conspirators in the case?
0:37:06 > 0:37:11Yes. Of course, the locations of our area, this region is huge,
0:37:11 > 0:37:17sometimes to reach every area where these people are, is a problem.
0:37:17 > 0:37:21Sometimes they're hiding them in their areas locally,
0:37:21 > 0:37:25so it's difficult for us to identify those areas and find someone that's
0:37:25 > 0:37:29been killed. We see this as a crime, serious crime.
0:37:29 > 0:37:35I had one case of 2008, a person has been sentenced to death,
0:37:35 > 0:37:37he is waiting his punishment.
0:37:37 > 0:37:40In Tanzania you still have the death penalty, is that right?
0:37:40 > 0:37:43- Yes. That's right.- That would be for murder, would that?
0:37:43 > 0:37:45- The person has been sentenced to death?- Yes, murder.
0:37:47 > 0:37:49Since 2013 we have never had...
0:37:49 > 0:37:51How many witchdoctors have you prosecuted?
0:37:51 > 0:37:54Four or five. I can't tell the exact number.
0:37:54 > 0:37:55Do you know roughly?
0:37:58 > 0:38:02I remember two or three, because I was here for the last year,
0:38:02 > 0:38:04two or three in Mwanza.
0:38:04 > 0:38:10Has anybody in the whole of Tanzania ever been arrested for buying the potion itself?
0:38:11 > 0:38:14I am not very sure, to speak of...
0:38:14 > 0:38:16Sure. In Mwanza?
0:38:16 > 0:38:20In Mwanza, I have never experienced that since I came here.
0:38:20 > 0:38:24There is somebody at the top who's able to afford to buy these potions
0:38:24 > 0:38:27for thousands of dollars, people have told me.
0:38:27 > 0:38:31What should I say?
0:38:31 > 0:38:33It's, in most cases,
0:38:34 > 0:38:40in most cases those who are buying those ones... this is very,
0:38:40 > 0:38:42very difficult, as I said.
0:38:42 > 0:38:45It's something done in a very secret way.
0:38:46 > 0:38:51So it sounds like you had a very big problem and the attacks have now
0:38:51 > 0:38:52reduced, so things are getting better,
0:38:52 > 0:38:55but you still think it's an ongoing problem.
0:38:55 > 0:39:00There are still signs of people having this
0:39:00 > 0:39:04local belief, but education has helped us much.
0:39:04 > 0:39:09So, we are still working on it, to make sure, to eliminate it completely.
0:39:11 > 0:39:13Thank you.
0:39:18 > 0:39:22It gave me a lot more faith actually that stuff is being done.
0:39:22 > 0:39:28It was slightly difficult to push him on the higher parts of society,
0:39:28 > 0:39:34and, obviously, there is something high up which is fuelling this trade
0:39:34 > 0:39:37in albino body parts, but then he didn't say it didn't happen,
0:39:37 > 0:39:39he just said he had no evidence for that.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56The Tanzanian government has taken steps to try and tackle the violence
0:39:56 > 0:39:57against people with albinism
0:39:58 > 0:40:00and although there's more to be done,
0:40:00 > 0:40:02there hasn't been a murder reported for over a year.
0:40:08 > 0:40:11'There's definitely a concerted effort to try and improve things
0:40:11 > 0:40:12'for people with albinism.'
0:40:14 > 0:40:19They still feel to me like a very repressed part of society.
0:40:23 > 0:40:26I don't think you'd get many people with albinism saying they feel
0:40:26 > 0:40:28completely safe in Tanzania.
0:40:35 > 0:40:40The crackdown in Tanzania seems to have driven the problem over the border to Malawi.
0:40:42 > 0:40:47In the past two years, there have been 65 attacks on people with albinism,
0:40:47 > 0:40:5147 attempted abductions and a spate of brutal murders which have claimed
0:40:51 > 0:40:5213 lives.
0:40:54 > 0:40:58I've come to Malawi to try and speak to someone involved in this recent
0:40:58 > 0:40:59wave of killings.
0:41:12 > 0:41:17My guide here is Overstone, president of the Malawian Albino Association.
0:41:21 > 0:41:22- Hello.- Hello, welcome.
0:41:22 > 0:41:24I'm Oscar.
0:41:24 > 0:41:27- I'm Overstone Kondowe.- Overstone. Very good to meet you.
0:41:28 > 0:41:32Do you know why there was suddenly this spate of attacks?
0:41:32 > 0:41:37There are some kind of thoughts, maybe from our neighbouring countries,
0:41:37 > 0:41:41they have made their laws very strict for the witchdoctors,
0:41:41 > 0:41:44then they have escaped from Tanzania, they are
0:41:44 > 0:41:46in Malawi, they are doing the trade.
0:41:46 > 0:41:49- They've been pushed out of other countries?- Yeah, yeah, yeah, that's what we thought.
0:41:49 > 0:41:51Then the problem's reared its head here.
0:41:51 > 0:41:53Emigrated to our country.
0:41:54 > 0:41:59Overstone is taking me to a remote village in a rural region called Ntcheu,
0:41:59 > 0:42:01two hours outside the capital.
0:42:09 > 0:42:11I've come to meet the family of Fletcher Masina,
0:42:11 > 0:42:14an albino man who was murdered six months ago.
0:42:19 > 0:42:22But first, Mr Zebra, the local English teacher,
0:42:22 > 0:42:26wants to show me evidence that Fletcher's murder was just one in a series
0:42:26 > 0:42:28of attacks against albinos in the village.
0:42:32 > 0:42:34- This is a graveyard?- Yeah.
0:42:45 > 0:42:46Gosh.
0:42:48 > 0:42:50This belongs to a person who had albinism?
0:42:50 > 0:42:52Yeah, that's it.
0:42:59 > 0:43:00Right.
0:43:08 > 0:43:10Yeah. Stealing someone who's already gone.
0:43:10 > 0:43:11It's exactly true.
0:43:17 > 0:43:20The targeting of people with albinism has shocked the whole community.
0:43:22 > 0:43:24While I was looking at the open grave,
0:43:24 > 0:43:26everybody's come out to see what's going on.
0:43:26 > 0:43:27What are they saying to you, Overstone?
0:43:29 > 0:43:34They are saying that they aren't happy with the killing of persons with albinism in the area,
0:43:34 > 0:43:39especially the killing of Fletcher Masina is a very big concern to them.
0:43:39 > 0:43:43Chikumbutso is Fletcher Masina's brother.
0:44:00 > 0:44:02You must find it very hard to come here.
0:44:17 > 0:44:19I'm sure.
0:44:19 > 0:44:22And what would Fletcher have been doing here?
0:44:31 > 0:44:33It's certainly a really, really beautiful spot,
0:44:33 > 0:44:37but it's a long way from anything, isn't it?
0:44:37 > 0:44:40We've walked a long way, it's very isolated.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56And how would people have known he was here,
0:44:56 > 0:45:01because it seems like an unusual place to find somebody?
0:45:15 > 0:45:19And who was it who discovered Fletcher when he was killed here?
0:45:30 > 0:45:32150 metres.
0:45:34 > 0:45:38You said that there was some blood here and you found the body over there,
0:45:38 > 0:45:40how was the body when you found it?
0:46:12 > 0:46:13(Gosh.)
0:46:24 > 0:46:28It's really...I think it's hard to put into words.
0:46:28 > 0:46:30It's kind of like,
0:46:30 > 0:46:35you meet the community and the family and they're basically just living a nightmare.
0:46:38 > 0:46:43He was just sorting out his tomatoes and was killed in a brutal, brutal way.
0:46:45 > 0:46:47Because he had albinism.
0:46:51 > 0:46:55You know, if someone tells you don't step on the lines in the pavement
0:46:55 > 0:46:59because of bad luck or if you break your mirror it's seven years bad luck,
0:46:59 > 0:47:04those sorts of superstitions beliefs, you sort of have a
0:47:04 > 0:47:08little bit of your mind which maybe thinks, maybe that is true,
0:47:08 > 0:47:12maybe I shouldn't step on the cracks in the pavement.
0:47:12 > 0:47:17But you'd never believe in something like that enough to allow it let you
0:47:17 > 0:47:19kill somebody.
0:47:21 > 0:47:26But obviously I don't have any superstitious beliefs which are as strong as the people here.
0:47:31 > 0:47:34While superstition plays a big part in these murders,
0:47:34 > 0:47:36there's got to be more to it than just blind faith.
0:47:40 > 0:47:41Back in Lilongwe,
0:47:41 > 0:47:45the chief advisor to the president has allowed me entry to the notorious
0:47:45 > 0:47:46Maula prison.
0:47:47 > 0:47:53I'm going to meet one of the people being held on remand for the murder of Fletcher Masina.
0:47:56 > 0:48:01I'm finally able to go face-to-face with someone who can tell me why he
0:48:01 > 0:48:02murdered an albino.
0:48:04 > 0:48:05So, this is the prison?
0:48:05 > 0:48:07Yes.
0:48:15 > 0:48:20It doesn't look much like a prison, but this is the administrative quarters.
0:48:21 > 0:48:25We're meeting in the deputy chief of the prison's office,
0:48:25 > 0:48:29because they're not keen for us to see conditions inside the prison,
0:48:29 > 0:48:31so we can't go into the cells or anything like that.
0:48:36 > 0:48:37Hello.
0:48:38 > 0:48:41- My name is Oscar.- Thank you, sir.
0:48:41 > 0:48:44My name's Herbert.
0:48:44 > 0:48:48I guess the first question has to be,
0:48:48 > 0:48:52why did you murder somebody with albinism?
0:48:59 > 0:49:03And did they promise you anything?
0:49:08 > 0:49:11And how many people were with you?
0:49:13 > 0:49:16And they promised each of you 40 million kwacha?
0:49:19 > 0:49:23Do you mind telling me about what happened on the day of the murder?
0:49:32 > 0:49:34And then?
0:49:43 > 0:49:47I met with Fletcher's brother in the garden
0:49:47 > 0:49:50where the murder happened
0:49:50 > 0:49:53and he explained to me that Fletcher had had different bits of his body
0:49:53 > 0:49:56cut off. Did you see that?
0:50:09 > 0:50:11Why?
0:50:30 > 0:50:33Do you think it's OK to kill somebody for money?
0:50:38 > 0:50:41So why did you do it?
0:50:59 > 0:51:01Do you believe in witchcraft?
0:51:06 > 0:51:07Can I ask...
0:51:09 > 0:51:1340 million kwacha, that's a lot of money.
0:51:13 > 0:51:16How much money as a farmer would you have made in one year?
0:51:31 > 0:51:34So what sort of person would have 40 million kwacha?
0:51:40 > 0:51:44Did you receive any money at all for what you did?
0:52:38 > 0:52:41Do you know how long you're likely to be in prison for?
0:52:54 > 0:52:55Really...
0:52:57 > 0:52:58Really shocking, actually.
0:53:00 > 0:53:01And what happened...
0:53:04 > 0:53:06It's not just a murder, it's like a mutilation.
0:53:06 > 0:53:09There were hammers and sticks.
0:53:09 > 0:53:12You can blame Satan all you want, but, yeah,
0:53:12 > 0:53:14maybe it is kind of work of the devil, isn't it,
0:53:14 > 0:53:17whatever your religious beliefs are,
0:53:17 > 0:53:19but...
0:53:19 > 0:53:23You know, it's not like they were possessed and made to do it.
0:53:23 > 0:53:25They did it because they thought they could get money
0:53:25 > 0:53:27and I find that disgusting.
0:53:41 > 0:53:45Money seems to be the driving force behind this horrific trade in human
0:53:45 > 0:53:46body parts.
0:53:52 > 0:53:55I think it shows that life is very cheap.
0:53:55 > 0:53:59The value on life is much less and I guess some of that comes from a
0:53:59 > 0:54:04culture where people die at home around people,
0:54:04 > 0:54:06life expectancy is shorter,
0:54:06 > 0:54:10there is less provision to deal with disease and public health is at a
0:54:10 > 0:54:15lower level than we'd see in Western Europe.
0:54:15 > 0:54:19And it's really sad that people are prepared to kill and it's just a bit
0:54:19 > 0:54:21more easy come, easy go, I think.
0:54:24 > 0:54:28The attacks on people with albinism have brought international attention
0:54:28 > 0:54:31and a proactive government response.
0:54:31 > 0:54:34Now the albino population is being helped in other ways.
0:54:34 > 0:54:37Standing Voice, a UK charity,
0:54:37 > 0:54:40provides skin clinics like this one across Tanzania.
0:54:42 > 0:54:45So before I say goodbye to East Africa,
0:54:45 > 0:54:48I'm finally able to put my doctor's hat on again.
0:54:59 > 0:55:02'People with albinism have no natural protection from the sun,
0:55:02 > 0:55:09'so skin cancer is rife and only 2% currently live beyond the age of 40.'
0:55:09 > 0:55:11Do you have any pain in your skin?
0:55:12 > 0:55:13It's painful?
0:55:15 > 0:55:20'Here the dermatologists offer free consultations and use cryotherapy to
0:55:20 > 0:55:23'freeze off any suspicious growths.'
0:55:30 > 0:55:32He's had some cryotherapy.
0:55:33 > 0:55:35It's going to be a little bit...
0:55:40 > 0:55:45It was really lovely to see that family with their cute little daughter who has albinism.
0:55:45 > 0:55:48Her skin was immaculate.
0:55:48 > 0:55:52She's living in Africa the whole time and they've been able to access
0:55:52 > 0:55:56the skin clinics and have been given a sunscreen.
0:55:56 > 0:55:58She doesn't expose her skin to the sunlight.
0:55:58 > 0:56:01So when you examine her feet...
0:56:01 > 0:56:03The mum puts it on twice a day, every single day.
0:56:03 > 0:56:07That is a big commitment for any parent to have to do.
0:56:08 > 0:56:10Great shoes. Ticklish?
0:56:10 > 0:56:11Yeah. Well done, Mum.
0:56:11 > 0:56:13Asante!
0:56:13 > 0:56:15Keep up the good work!
0:56:16 > 0:56:19'After some of the horror I've witnessed here,
0:56:19 > 0:56:23'places like this give me a tiny glimpse of the change that might be possible.
0:56:25 > 0:56:28'It's so lovely to see the little ones because they are so innocent.
0:56:28 > 0:56:32'They're not affected by any stigmatisation and if there is stigmatisation,'
0:56:32 > 0:56:36they just don't understand it at that stage.
0:56:36 > 0:56:38So they, I guess,
0:56:38 > 0:56:43represent a massive hope for the future and hopefully by the time
0:56:43 > 0:56:46those little children are adults,
0:56:46 > 0:56:52East Africa would've adapted to enable them to go hand-in-hand
0:56:52 > 0:56:56and be equivalent citizens to anybody else in the country,
0:56:56 > 0:56:58whether they have black skin or white skin.
0:57:06 > 0:57:09And I'm heading back to England with a different outlook.
0:57:12 > 0:57:16I definitely feel very proud of the people with albinism in Africa.
0:57:17 > 0:57:19I'm not in their camp,
0:57:20 > 0:57:22very, very luckily for me,
0:57:22 > 0:57:28but I feel that they are very brave and amazing, really,
0:57:28 > 0:57:34how well they survive, given the pressures that are on them.
0:57:38 > 0:57:44And I think that probably helps me to feel a little bit prouder about having albinism myself.
0:57:44 > 0:57:46I don't have anything to fear on a daily basis,
0:57:46 > 0:57:49unless someone doesn't like this film!
0:57:51 > 0:57:56And I think just the process
0:57:56 > 0:58:00of talking about it so much has been helpful to me,
0:58:00 > 0:58:02so maybe that's a bit selfish, but
0:58:02 > 0:58:09I think perhaps by trying to help some of the people here in Africa,
0:58:09 > 0:58:11I've helped myself a little bit, too.
0:58:13 > 0:58:16Just to feel a little bit more
0:58:16 > 0:58:19confident to stand up and say, "Yes, and so what?"