0:00:02 > 0:00:04In these days of transplants and life-saving medicines,
0:00:04 > 0:00:06I think it's too easy to take for granted
0:00:06 > 0:00:08the amazing things our doctors do for us.
0:00:08 > 0:00:11We forget just how far we've come in our lifetime.
0:00:11 > 0:00:16So I'm going to take us on a journey to remind us how things used to be.
0:00:16 > 0:00:20I'm Larry Lamb, welcome to A Picture Of Health.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Coming up on A Picture of Health...
0:00:44 > 0:00:47the tiny baby who made medical history.
0:00:47 > 0:00:49Every day, we count our blessings
0:00:49 > 0:00:52that we were lucky enough to be involved.
0:00:52 > 0:00:53'Stop it, you.'
0:00:53 > 0:00:56The films that taught us how to live healthier lives.
0:00:56 > 0:00:58'What do you think you're up to?
0:00:58 > 0:01:00'You've probably infected thousands of people already.'
0:01:00 > 0:01:05Love them or hate them, we remember how specs used to be.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08We were just so grateful to be able to see.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11We didn't care what they looked like.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14And Larry's special guest in the Picture Of Health surgery today
0:01:14 > 0:01:17is one of our favourite actors, Derek Fowlds,
0:01:17 > 0:01:19who will relive some of his medical memories.
0:01:19 > 0:01:22- I didn't wear glasses till about five years ago.- Did you not?- No.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26- What, your eyes were OK?- They were brilliant.- I think they're fabulous.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Quite fabulous.
0:01:32 > 0:01:35The first heart transplant in the world
0:01:35 > 0:01:38was performed in 1967 by Doctor Christiaan Barnard.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41But it took years to perfect an operation
0:01:41 > 0:01:44that, nowadays, is considered commonplace.
0:01:46 > 0:01:511987, and a major medical breakthrough was made.
0:01:51 > 0:01:52For the first time in this country,
0:01:52 > 0:01:56surgeons replaced the heart of a dying baby.
0:01:56 > 0:01:58And the baby survived.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01Britain's youngest surviving heart transplant patient
0:02:01 > 0:02:03is progressing well at Newcastle's Freeman Hospital.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07If I didn't have a transplant,
0:02:07 > 0:02:09I wouldn't be talking to you now, I'd be dead.
0:02:09 > 0:02:14So it's... It can't be any simpler than that, really.
0:02:14 > 0:02:18Everything has to have a pioneer to push the boundaries.
0:02:18 > 0:02:24And it took a lot of courage to go into the unknown, really.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28This is the story of how a five-month-old little girl
0:02:28 > 0:02:30made medical history.
0:02:33 > 0:02:36Kaylee was born in April 1987.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41She was a healthy baby in the early days
0:02:41 > 0:02:45but, at 5 months old, her health seemed to be deteriorating.
0:02:47 > 0:02:51She wouldn't drink. One day, one Sunday afternoon,
0:02:51 > 0:02:53she wouldn't drink anything.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55She was making a groaning noise
0:02:55 > 0:02:58And because, obviously, she was still being breast-fed,
0:02:58 > 0:03:01she wasn't eating anything.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04And that really concerned me. She wouldn't even take water.
0:03:06 > 0:03:10Within a day, Kaylee was in hospital, fighting for her life.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15This tiny baby had a virus and her heart was failing.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21We were just devastated.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25The team sat us down and said that there is one option.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29However, it's a chance in a lifetime, really.
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Surgeons told Carol they could try and replace her baby's heart.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40But this was a procedure that came with huge risks.
0:03:43 > 0:03:47Lynne Holt is a transplant co-ordinator at the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49What's she doing?
0:03:49 > 0:03:52In 1987, she was on duty when Kaylee was rushed in
0:03:52 > 0:03:55and became the family's main point of contact.
0:03:57 > 0:04:01My job, as transplant coordinator, was obviously to give information,
0:04:01 > 0:04:04support the family and they just...
0:04:04 > 0:04:08they put their trust in us, which was amazing.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12The two options were that we list Kaylee for transplant
0:04:12 > 0:04:14and we put our faith in the doctors.
0:04:14 > 0:04:16Or we make her comfortable and we let her die.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19And that wasn't an option at all.
0:04:21 > 0:04:26The UK's first successful adult heart transplant took place in 1979
0:04:26 > 0:04:29after years of research and several failed attempts.
0:04:33 > 0:04:34Eight years later,
0:04:34 > 0:04:39surgeons still hadn't successfully operated on a young baby.
0:04:39 > 0:04:44With Kaylee fighting for her life, it was time to take another chance.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47Initially, the big problem was,
0:04:47 > 0:04:51would somebody donate a heart from a baby?
0:04:51 > 0:04:55We hoped that somebody would be kind enough to think of another family
0:04:55 > 0:04:57during their difficult times.
0:04:57 > 0:04:59And we were so fortunate.
0:05:01 > 0:05:09Amazingly, a father who'd lost his baby and his wife in an accident
0:05:09 > 0:05:11gave his consent.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17We think of that family all the time.
0:05:20 > 0:05:21Sorry.
0:05:30 > 0:05:35At half past nine in the evening on 13th October 1987,
0:05:35 > 0:05:40Kaylee was taken into theatre to have her heart transplant.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43And even though the team was experienced in this procedure,
0:05:43 > 0:05:45this was new ground.
0:05:45 > 0:05:52Back then, we didn't know if this little heart would grow with Kaylee.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56Certainly, it was so small. I mean, my memory of it in the bowl,
0:05:56 > 0:05:59carrying it from one theatre to the next door theatre,
0:05:59 > 0:06:02was a very small plum.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07The transplant coordinator Lynne Holt,
0:06:07 > 0:06:11she came out of theatre all the time and explained to us
0:06:11 > 0:06:15that she's on the bypass, they've taken her old heart out,
0:06:15 > 0:06:18they've put her new heart in. So, we had breaks.
0:06:18 > 0:06:21You know, every sort of hour or so, we got news,
0:06:21 > 0:06:24which is quite unusual, but just to keep us in the loop.
0:06:29 > 0:06:33They were told, we don't know whether this will work but it might.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35And they just put their trust in us
0:06:35 > 0:06:40and they coped amazingly for such young parents, I think.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43And Kaylee made history.
0:06:46 > 0:06:51The next day, everything seemed to just slot into place.
0:06:52 > 0:06:56Having been attached to drips and monitors
0:06:56 > 0:06:59and everything for such a long time,
0:06:59 > 0:07:02just to be able to hold her and turn her round
0:07:02 > 0:07:06and hug her into my chest, that was a magical moment.
0:07:08 > 0:07:12Soon this little baby was well enough to leave intensive care
0:07:12 > 0:07:15and quickly became worldwide news.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21To go into the newsagents
0:07:21 > 0:07:24and to look at all of the newspapers on the shelf
0:07:24 > 0:07:28and find that Kaylee's story was on the front page of every one,
0:07:28 > 0:07:33that's really when it hit us that it was major national news.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39Over the years, Kaylee grew stronger and stronger...
0:07:42 > 0:07:46..doing all the things a normal child would do...
0:07:48 > 0:07:50..and getting involved in athletics
0:07:50 > 0:07:54by competing in the World Transplant Games.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58My highlight is probably Thailand 2007,
0:07:58 > 0:08:02when I got 30.6 seconds in 200m.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05It was amazing, loved it. Want to do it again.
0:08:08 > 0:08:11She's a great young woman now.
0:08:11 > 0:08:14She doesn't let her transplant stop her doing anything.
0:08:14 > 0:08:19And I look forward to, hopefully, one day, going to her wedding.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22And, you know, that's what we're looking...
0:08:22 > 0:08:25You know, looking upwards and forwards always.
0:08:28 > 0:08:30But the little girl who made medical history
0:08:30 > 0:08:33owes it all to the surgeons who took a risk.
0:08:37 > 0:08:41Without their dedication and their research,
0:08:41 > 0:08:45there are so many people who just wouldn't be here today.
0:08:47 > 0:08:52If pioneers don't exist, then you don't move forward.
0:08:52 > 0:08:57So, because of them, that's why we're so successful now
0:08:57 > 0:09:00in what we're doing and more lives are being saved.
0:09:03 > 0:09:07Every day, we count our blessings that we were lucky enough
0:09:07 > 0:09:09to be involved with such amazing people
0:09:09 > 0:09:13and that they were available at the time.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20And Carol's here in the Picture Of Health surgery.
0:09:20 > 0:09:24- Hello, yes.- Hello. Welcome. - Thank you.- What a great story.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28What a story. What a story. I watched you when you were...
0:09:28 > 0:09:32- I know.- ..looking at the film. - Yes.- When we got that bit when we were talking about
0:09:32 > 0:09:37that wonderful man that donated the heart, eh?
0:09:37 > 0:09:40What a big thing to have done.
0:09:40 > 0:09:46It's the most amazing gift and nothing we ever say will show how...
0:09:46 > 0:09:52The thanks that we owe the decision, that gentleman, Kaylee's life.
0:09:52 > 0:09:57The thing, the recurring theme of this is this extraordinary back up
0:09:57 > 0:10:02that you get in these circumstances from the people like Lynne Holt,
0:10:02 > 0:10:07the nurse that's your sort of, I don't know, your contact point.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10Lynne's a very dear friend to this day and she was our rock,
0:10:10 > 0:10:14if you like, throughout a very, very dramatic journey.
0:10:14 > 0:10:18And we were in the right place at the right time.
0:10:18 > 0:10:23And, you know, even if it had been, potentially, weeks or months before,
0:10:23 > 0:10:26previously, babies with cardiomyopathy,
0:10:26 > 0:10:29viral cardiomyopathy, which is the disease Kaylee had,
0:10:29 > 0:10:35caused by a virus, it could have been anybody, the babies died.
0:10:35 > 0:10:36- There was no hope.- No.
0:10:36 > 0:10:40So, to be placed in that position, to be...
0:10:40 > 0:10:41To live where we did live,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44where the Freeman Hospital had just been designated
0:10:44 > 0:10:47the third centre in the UK for heart transplants.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49Yeah.
0:10:49 > 0:10:53- Just to be in that position is a miracle in itself.- Yeah.
0:10:53 > 0:10:58- To be offered that opportunity. For Kaylee, this is normal.- Yeah.
0:10:58 > 0:11:01And for our early years,
0:11:01 > 0:11:04she just presumed that everybody went to hospital.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06In fact, she presumed a television crew
0:11:06 > 0:11:09came to everybody's house when it was their birthday.
0:11:09 > 0:11:12And that was one of the funny things she told us
0:11:12 > 0:11:14as her perception, as she got older.
0:11:14 > 0:11:16But she's very special.
0:11:16 > 0:11:21She has a very ordinary life and she just gets on with life.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24- Yeah.- She's one of life's survivors. - I bet.
0:11:24 > 0:11:30Is it a common complaint in babies? The condition that she had.
0:11:30 > 0:11:36- I mean, is it...?- Cardiomyopathy is a virus that people can catch.
0:11:36 > 0:11:37It could happen to anybody.
0:11:37 > 0:11:42Kaylee was a very small baby, she'd been to very limited places.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44You know, my parents, my husband's parents.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46- She'd been to the shops.- Yeah.
0:11:46 > 0:11:51And we protected her as best we could, like any other new parents.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55Made sure that the bottles were sterilised properly,
0:11:55 > 0:11:58our home was a clean and welcoming environment.
0:11:58 > 0:12:01And that still happened to us.
0:12:01 > 0:12:05I struggled for a long time with guilt that perhaps, you know,
0:12:05 > 0:12:07that it was my fault.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10Had I not done something to care for her?
0:12:10 > 0:12:12It's not a congenital thing. It's a viral thing.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16This could happen to anybody and a lot of, not just children,
0:12:16 > 0:12:21but adults as well are given new hearts for this particular disease.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23I mean, I think the thing is,
0:12:23 > 0:12:28we're so used to all these extraordinary medical events
0:12:28 > 0:12:32and medical advancements, constantly now,
0:12:32 > 0:12:34that we tend to take things for granted.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38And it's like, "Oh, yeah, a heart transplant."
0:12:38 > 0:12:41- Remember, was it Christiaan Barnard who was the first?- Yeah.
0:12:41 > 0:12:44- What year was that? 19...- 1967. - Yeah.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47And now, the things they do now.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50- Yeah.- It's amazing. We don't know how lucky we are, do we?
0:12:50 > 0:12:55For the past 24 years, we've advocated organ donation.
0:12:55 > 0:13:00To try and explain to the general public that we were a normal family
0:13:00 > 0:13:03and this extraordinary thing happened to us.
0:13:03 > 0:13:08- That could be a member of your family.- Yeah.- Yes.- True.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- Thank you for sharing that with us. Lovely.- You're welcome.
0:13:11 > 0:13:14- Yeah, thank you, Carol. - Fantastic.- That's lovely.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19We all think that the world is constantly changing
0:13:19 > 0:13:21but when it comes to health care,
0:13:21 > 0:13:25some things stay the same, generation after generation.
0:13:30 > 0:13:35For decades, the government has been telling us all how to behave.
0:13:35 > 0:13:38'Don't buy them singly, buy stamps in books.'
0:13:38 > 0:13:40We, as a race, are lazy.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43We need to be reminded of the most basic things.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46This waste must stop.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49From how to save fuel,
0:13:49 > 0:13:51how to protect our kids,
0:13:51 > 0:13:53even how to walk down the stairs.
0:13:54 > 0:13:56I know people who are quite offended
0:13:56 > 0:14:01you know, "Who do they think we are? They think we're all stupid."
0:14:01 > 0:14:03Most of us are, actually, you know.
0:14:07 > 0:14:11The original public information films were made by the Ministry of Information,
0:14:11 > 0:14:15a government department responsible for publicity and propaganda.
0:14:16 > 0:14:21After the War, attention was turned to the nation's well-being.
0:14:24 > 0:14:26It was a bad time for health.
0:14:26 > 0:14:29We had leftovers from the War like bugs and fleas
0:14:29 > 0:14:31which could come through your wall at any moment.
0:14:31 > 0:14:36People were very careless about health in a way, I suppose.
0:14:36 > 0:14:41We soldiered on. And we didn't complain.
0:14:41 > 0:14:46The government needed to get the country thinking differently about health.
0:14:46 > 0:14:48With television yet to catch on,
0:14:48 > 0:14:51the perfect place to play the films was the cinema.
0:14:53 > 0:14:57If it said, "There now follows a public safety announcement."
0:14:57 > 0:15:00And it would be a film about the dangers of swimming on a full stomach.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02The dangers of touching pylons.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04So you'd believe that stuff
0:15:04 > 0:15:06and they made it quite wittily and cleverly.
0:15:08 > 0:15:12'You may have met a few people who like doing this sort of thing.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15'They're a nuisance, I agree. But pretty harmless.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19'You have certainly seen thousands like this.
0:15:19 > 0:15:22'They're not a nuisance, they're a real danger.'
0:15:22 > 0:15:24At a time when disease and illness were rife,
0:15:24 > 0:15:29the government's priority was to try and stop the spread of germs.
0:15:29 > 0:15:33And so came this film, Coughs And Sneezes, the first of its kind.
0:15:33 > 0:15:36'Come here, what do you think you're up to?'
0:15:36 > 0:15:40It was a film that featured a man who didn't know anything about hankies.
0:15:40 > 0:15:43And they showed him how to use a hanky on screen.
0:15:43 > 0:15:44I thought, "He's a nutter."
0:15:44 > 0:15:46'What do you think this is for?'
0:15:49 > 0:15:53People were very concerned about the spreading of colds
0:15:53 > 0:15:56Cos, you know, people were off work with things.
0:15:56 > 0:16:01I don't know. Cos if you went into the office and you had a bad cold,
0:16:01 > 0:16:03next thing is everyone else in the office.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06So they tried to persuade people to be more conscious of it
0:16:06 > 0:16:07which is a good thing.
0:16:07 > 0:16:09It was quite light-hearted.
0:16:09 > 0:16:12The first time I heard people laugh out loud was at this nutter,
0:16:12 > 0:16:14getting pepper shaken on him and sneezing.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16He became an extra feature, really.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19'Handkerchief. Sneeze.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21'Sneeze. Handkerchief.'
0:16:23 > 0:16:25And then, eventually, it became automatic.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28They trained him to do... Every time he felt sneezy, he did it.
0:16:31 > 0:16:34'Fine, now, you can carry on.
0:16:37 > 0:16:40'Excellent. Remember, coughs and sneezes spread diseases.'
0:16:40 > 0:16:42But spreading germs wasn't the only item
0:16:42 > 0:16:45on the government's public health agenda.
0:16:45 > 0:16:49In 1947, a Modern Guide To Health was made
0:16:49 > 0:16:52to get the government's messages across.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55An animation company called Halas and Batchelor
0:16:55 > 0:16:58was commissioned to make the adverts.
0:16:58 > 0:17:01A Modern Guide To Health used cartoon characters...
0:17:02 > 0:17:06..to teach us all how to lead healthier lives in post-war Britain.
0:17:07 > 0:17:10'Remember, sit tall.'
0:17:10 > 0:17:13Animation, compared to live action,
0:17:13 > 0:17:18is much more imaginative. You can tell a story more easily.
0:17:18 > 0:17:20And it's also more engaging.
0:17:25 > 0:17:32My parents used it as a way to get difficult messages across
0:17:32 > 0:17:36in, for then, non-pompous and interesting and amusing way.
0:17:37 > 0:17:41One of the main focuses of the animation was exercise.
0:17:41 > 0:17:45'You will get no exercise queuing for a bus.'
0:17:45 > 0:17:49It was important to train the country to be fit, if you like.
0:17:49 > 0:17:53Not super fit, not Olympic standard but just be fitter than they were.
0:17:53 > 0:17:55'Get what exercise and fresh air you can
0:17:55 > 0:17:59'during your working day by walking or cycling.'
0:18:01 > 0:18:04The Modern Guide To Health was very, very important
0:18:04 > 0:18:07because we had people learning to take care of themselves
0:18:07 > 0:18:08a bit better than they had.
0:18:10 > 0:18:14The original public health films may be funny to watch these days
0:18:14 > 0:18:17but the impact they had is undeniable.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20'Flu viruses can spread
0:18:20 > 0:18:23'if you don't catch your coughs or sneezes hygienically.'
0:18:23 > 0:18:25When swine flu hit Britain in 2009,
0:18:25 > 0:18:29the government's public health messages were exactly the same as in 1945.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32'To prevent the spread of flu when you cough or sneeze,
0:18:32 > 0:18:34'catch it in a clean tissue,
0:18:34 > 0:18:38'bin it and kill it by washing your hands as soon as you can.'
0:18:39 > 0:18:41It's easy to look back and sneer
0:18:41 > 0:18:44and take the mickey about some of the early health education films.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48"Coughs and sneezes spread diseases, catch them in your handker-cheeses."
0:18:48 > 0:18:50But flash forward 50 years, we had an advert
0:18:50 > 0:18:54and it had the same bloke sneezing and we saw the viruses go everywhere.
0:18:54 > 0:18:56And in the same year,
0:18:56 > 0:19:00animation was still being used to persuade us to exercise regularly.
0:19:00 > 0:19:03'..give us the 60 minutes of activity us kids need.'
0:19:05 > 0:19:0870 years on, it seems we still need to be told
0:19:08 > 0:19:11how to do the simplest of things to keep healthy.
0:19:14 > 0:19:18Anything you see from the '40s would look out-of-date
0:19:18 > 0:19:23and slightly quirky and even quite hilarious.
0:19:23 > 0:19:26But I think the basic messages are still true.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31Politicians can very pompous when they tell you
0:19:31 > 0:19:34how you should behave but I think it was done the best intention.
0:19:34 > 0:19:35And some of it's paid off.
0:19:39 > 0:19:41You need to be reminded because, fundamentally,
0:19:41 > 0:19:46human beings are lazy and dirty and I count myself in that number.
0:19:46 > 0:19:48Achoo.
0:19:49 > 0:19:52It's interesting to think that a lot of those films
0:19:52 > 0:19:55were made for audiences in cinemas, weren't they?
0:19:55 > 0:19:58Yeah, I remember them because I went to the pictures
0:19:58 > 0:20:01and there was always, years ago, there was always an A film
0:20:01 > 0:20:03and then B film and, in the middle,
0:20:03 > 0:20:08you got Movietone News and you got these, telling you what to do.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11- You're not lazy and dirty, are you? - I'm not.
0:20:11 > 0:20:12He said we're all lazy and dirty.
0:20:12 > 0:20:16Yeah, well, you know, the people are, some people are.
0:20:16 > 0:20:20I suppose, back then, you know, cleanliness was a, you know,
0:20:20 > 0:20:22it wasn't always easy to achieve
0:20:22 > 0:20:27if you're living in a cold-water flat and no real means of heating water.
0:20:27 > 0:20:29- Gas.- Absolutely.
0:20:29 > 0:20:34I remember when I was a kid, we used to light the gas at night.
0:20:34 > 0:20:35- Yeah.- And...
0:20:35 > 0:20:41- Gas mantles.- Gas mantles and there was a tin bath.- Yeah.
0:20:41 > 0:20:43- An outside toilet.- Absolutely.
0:20:43 > 0:20:45- It's terrible, isn't it?- Absolutely.
0:20:45 > 0:20:47Well, when I moved back with my grandmother,
0:20:47 > 0:20:49we used to have to go to the town hall to get a bath.
0:20:49 > 0:20:51- There was no bath in the house.- No.
0:20:51 > 0:20:54There was a lavatory in the back, a sink in the scullery
0:20:54 > 0:20:58and you went to the town hall to what they called the slipper baths. That was it.
0:20:58 > 0:21:01- They're just telling us what to do, how to live.- It's propaganda.
0:21:01 > 0:21:05And following on from the War when they had to control the population,
0:21:05 > 0:21:07the people had to be told what to do.
0:21:07 > 0:21:09I mean, that was a means of communicating.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11We take it for granted now with television.
0:21:11 > 0:21:16They can come on, they can transmit something straight to the public now.
0:21:16 > 0:21:21But what we do now, we go regularly, we do have regular check-ups.
0:21:21 > 0:21:25- We are more health-conscious.- Yeah. - We go to the doctor.
0:21:25 > 0:21:29- I mean, some guys there, they would not go to the doctor ever.- No.
0:21:29 > 0:21:32- Now, I go all the time if there's something going on.- Yeah.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36I nip off and I think people now are so health-conscious
0:21:36 > 0:21:39that they will go and get a check-up regularly.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42You know, for teeth, eyes, you know, all that.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44To live a long and healthy life.
0:21:44 > 0:21:47- To live a long, and I'm 85 next birthday.- Yeah, yeah, yeah.
0:21:47 > 0:21:52No, you're not. You're not. You're a spring chicken.
0:21:55 > 0:21:58In these days of glasses, contact lenses and laser surgery,
0:21:58 > 0:22:03we have a good chance of maintaining good eyesight, even into old age.
0:22:03 > 0:22:05But that wasn't always the case.
0:22:11 > 0:22:14When the NHS was introduced in 1948,
0:22:14 > 0:22:17free eye-care was available for all and demand was high.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21'This man is one in 1,000,
0:22:21 > 0:22:24'all engaged in one of the largest factories of its kind,
0:22:24 > 0:22:29'supplying spectacles to meet the increased demands of Britain's health service.'
0:22:29 > 0:22:31In the first two months alone,
0:22:31 > 0:22:34two million pairs of glasses were dispensed.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39People who had never had their eyes examined before
0:22:39 > 0:22:41emerged from the woodwork
0:22:41 > 0:22:42and the demand was immense.
0:22:42 > 0:22:45Then, when they were prescribed spectacles,
0:22:45 > 0:22:47there was an 18-month waiting list
0:22:47 > 0:22:50before you received the finished product.
0:22:51 > 0:22:54I remember the NHS glasses very well
0:22:54 > 0:22:57cos my mum had them from a very early age.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00And they were so hideous.
0:23:00 > 0:23:04But, you see, at that time, we were just so grateful to be able to see.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06We didn't care what they looked like.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11Large swathes of the population may have been wearing them
0:23:11 > 0:23:15but it wasn't long before NHS specs got a bad reputation.
0:23:16 > 0:23:21At the time, many users of these spectacles hated them.
0:23:21 > 0:23:24They thought that there was a stigma attached to the fact
0:23:24 > 0:23:26that they'd been received either free of charge
0:23:26 > 0:23:28or at subsidised rate.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34I came from an ordinary, working class, East London family,
0:23:34 > 0:23:37I was very short-sighted from the age of 10 or 11.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39I went along, I got free glasses from the optician.
0:23:39 > 0:23:43I had two choices. The John Lennons, no longer trendy.
0:23:43 > 0:23:45Or these great, big, horn-rimmed things
0:23:45 > 0:23:49which were the same size for anybody from the age of six to 16.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52But you were quite clearly marked out. If you could only afford those
0:23:52 > 0:23:55until you were 18 or 19, people thought, "You know what,"
0:23:55 > 0:23:58they didn't think less of you but they knew you were hard-up.
0:24:00 > 0:24:03My mother wouldn't allow me to have National Health glasses
0:24:03 > 0:24:06cos they were real rings and there was no choice
0:24:06 > 0:24:07and they were thick and ugly.
0:24:07 > 0:24:10She wanted her little girl to have pretty glasses.
0:24:11 > 0:24:15By the late 1950s, the austerity of post-war Britain was fading.
0:24:17 > 0:24:20People had more money to spend and for eyewear designers
0:24:20 > 0:24:23like Oliver Goldsmith, there were clear opportunities.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27When you meet people who wear glasses,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30the first thing you see are the glasses. You recognise them
0:24:30 > 0:24:32and then you see the glasses. So, how nice it is
0:24:32 > 0:24:35for a woman to receive a compliment about her glasses.
0:24:35 > 0:24:38And that was my aim, was to try and produce designs
0:24:38 > 0:24:41which would complement an outfit,
0:24:41 > 0:24:45make a woman feel beautiful and happy to wear glasses.
0:24:45 > 0:24:50This is a design which I created for Princess Grace of Monaco
0:24:50 > 0:24:52and the feature of this frame, as you can see,
0:24:52 > 0:24:56is the metal goes all the way around the front and through the sides.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59Quite an unusual style, actually.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01And she loved this
0:25:01 > 0:25:04and she wore this one with tinted lenses on the ski slopes.
0:25:04 > 0:25:07'There's no need to make a spectacle of yourself these days
0:25:07 > 0:25:11'for glasses have become more than just a means of seeing better,
0:25:11 > 0:25:15'they can be a fashionable addition to anyone's features.'
0:25:15 > 0:25:18I remember I had an auntie and she had a pair
0:25:18 > 0:25:20that would have made Dame Edna Everage jealous.
0:25:20 > 0:25:21These weren't done as a joke,
0:25:21 > 0:25:24these were those fantastic, swept-up ones, like Catwoman.
0:25:24 > 0:25:27And they were the bee's proverbial knees.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30They cost a fortune, I'm sure. They were a fashion accessory.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33Because they framed the window of the soul, her lovely eyes.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36MUSIC: "Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison
0:25:36 > 0:25:41Suddenly, it seemed that eyes were worth taking care of,
0:25:41 > 0:25:43so you went along to your optician and you had eye tests
0:25:43 > 0:25:46and then you had these amazing things you could wear.
0:25:46 > 0:25:50'Each of the frames she has chosen is completely different and original.
0:25:50 > 0:25:52'Space age, for example.'
0:25:52 > 0:25:56I remember thinking, when I was young,
0:25:56 > 0:25:58that glasses were so extraordinary and so gorgeous
0:25:58 > 0:26:02that I would wear glasses with just plain glass in them.
0:26:04 > 0:26:07'Suitable for the show and when she's out horseriding called Tally-ho.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10'With extra-wide-angle lenses that are unbreakable.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14'Who says men don't make passes at girls who wear glasses?'
0:26:14 > 0:26:16# Oh, pretty woman. #
0:26:16 > 0:26:19But despite the rise in high-fashion frames,
0:26:19 > 0:26:23those ridiculed NHS specs still had their fans.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25And pretty big fans at that.
0:26:25 > 0:26:29This is the original design that John Lennon wore
0:26:29 > 0:26:31of the only Oliver Goldsmith frame that he wore.
0:26:31 > 0:26:35John Lennon was a very keen follower of National Health frames.
0:26:35 > 0:26:39And... But this particular one is the one he wore.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42The feature is the Windsor Bridge, this W-Bridge.
0:26:42 > 0:26:45So, there's no need for nose pads on either side
0:26:45 > 0:26:48and it would just sit onto the face very, very comfortably.
0:26:51 > 0:26:55NHS specs were finally abolished along with free eye tests in 1989.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00But while they were gone, they certainly weren't forgotten.
0:27:02 > 0:27:05The irony is that now the stigma's been removed
0:27:05 > 0:27:08because these things are no longer available,
0:27:08 > 0:27:11you can buy vintage examples for enormous sums of money
0:27:11 > 0:27:15and they're considered to have retro chic,
0:27:15 > 0:27:17a cool quality about them.
0:27:19 > 0:27:21Even though glasses had become popular, by the 1980s,
0:27:21 > 0:27:24there were alternatives.
0:27:24 > 0:27:27Today, an innovation is launched that puts the contact lens
0:27:27 > 0:27:30into the same category as nappies and razors.
0:27:30 > 0:27:32It's the day of the disposable contact lens.
0:27:34 > 0:27:36For the first time since they were invented in the '40s,
0:27:36 > 0:27:39the contact lens had become a popular
0:27:39 > 0:27:42and affordable solution to poor eyesight.
0:27:42 > 0:27:44'It's shaped like the eye and placed under the lid,
0:27:44 > 0:27:46'just a wafer of curved, crystal glass.'
0:27:46 > 0:27:50In the late 1940s, the cost of contact lenses was prohibitive
0:27:50 > 0:27:52for all but the privileged few.
0:27:52 > 0:27:56To buy a pair of contact lenses cost the same
0:27:56 > 0:28:00as buying a small motor car or a diamond necklace.
0:28:01 > 0:28:03Even if the cost didn't put you off,
0:28:03 > 0:28:06lenses weren't for the faint-hearted.
0:28:09 > 0:28:10Another factor was,
0:28:10 > 0:28:14were you prepared to undergo the fitting process?
0:28:14 > 0:28:18Which would involve the pouring of plaster into the eye
0:28:18 > 0:28:19to make a mould.
0:28:19 > 0:28:23So that the lens could be made to the exact shape
0:28:23 > 0:28:27and allow the points of contact to be as comfortable as possible.
0:28:30 > 0:28:33And in 1991, a third alternative emerged.
0:28:33 > 0:28:36MUSIC: "Suddenly I See" by KT Tunstall
0:28:36 > 0:28:38There is new hope for short-sighted people.
0:28:38 > 0:28:42A few seconds under a laser beam can improve sight to such an extent
0:28:42 > 0:28:45there may be no need to wear glasses or contact lenses.
0:28:47 > 0:28:5020 years on, and around half a million people
0:28:50 > 0:28:53have had laser eye surgery in the UK.
0:28:56 > 0:28:58But even though there are alternatives out there,
0:28:58 > 0:29:03glasses are still very popular and remain a firm fashion favourite.
0:29:10 > 0:29:16It's quite extraordinary to watch the way it's come on, from that,
0:29:16 > 0:29:19that thing that was a sort of great, big advance.
0:29:19 > 0:29:22- All those years ago.- I know.
0:29:22 > 0:29:24But I've only just started wearing these. Do you like them?
0:29:24 > 0:29:26I think they're fabulous.
0:29:26 > 0:29:30Quite fabulous. They're very, very fetching, Derek.
0:29:30 > 0:29:34- I didn't wear glasses till about five years ago.- Did you not?- No.
0:29:34 > 0:29:37- What? Your eyes were OK? - They were brilliant.
0:29:37 > 0:29:42- Yeah.- But then I started wearing glasses for reading.- Yeah, yeah.
0:29:42 > 0:29:45And then I've been told that it's...
0:29:45 > 0:29:47I should wear these for long-distance.
0:29:47 > 0:29:50And I find they really help me.
0:29:50 > 0:29:53- So this is my new image.- That's it. I think it... I think it's working.
0:29:53 > 0:29:56- Get me some work. - It'll get you a lot of work, Derek.
0:29:56 > 0:29:58I tell you, get you a lot of work.
0:29:58 > 0:30:02The thing with people, sort of, trying to escape
0:30:02 > 0:30:04those horrific National Health rims.
0:30:04 > 0:30:08But you couldn't have glasses. I mean, in the '30s and '40s,
0:30:08 > 0:30:11- the kids didn't have them, did they? - No.- You couldn't get them.
0:30:11 > 0:30:16- And, presumably, you just dealt with what your problems were.- Yeah.
0:30:16 > 0:30:19- The glasses you're wearing now... - Are imitation National Health.
0:30:19 > 0:30:22- Yeah, they are. - You spend a fortune on them
0:30:22 > 0:30:25so you look like everybody there was trying...
0:30:25 > 0:30:27- Do you have other pairs when you go out at night?- I do.
0:30:27 > 0:30:31- Yeah, I have to.- Do you change them? - It change them regularly, yes.
0:30:31 > 0:30:36The whole fashion side of it, I find that really interesting.
0:30:36 > 0:30:40- Everybody really didn't want to wear glasses.- Not like now.
0:30:40 > 0:30:43I suppose a lot of people don't want to wear glasses now.
0:30:43 > 0:30:44But then somebody gets hold of that
0:30:44 > 0:30:47and turns it into another whole industry.
0:30:47 > 0:30:51They started having the, you know, the lenses, the...
0:30:51 > 0:30:55- Contacts.- Contact lenses.- Yeah.- Cos they didn't want to wear glasses.
0:30:55 > 0:30:59- And now laser. Laser's come in. - Yeah.- You've never thought about...?
0:30:59 > 0:31:01- No.- You don't want to do a laser?
0:31:01 > 0:31:03I do fancy having somebody doing that to my eyes.
0:31:03 > 0:31:06- So it's fashionable now to wear glasses.- Yeah.
0:31:06 > 0:31:09And all different shapes and sizes
0:31:09 > 0:31:13and there doesn't seem to be any stigma with it at all, does there?
0:31:13 > 0:31:15I think I'll go and buy another pair.
0:31:15 > 0:31:17Yeah, I think perhaps you should.
0:31:20 > 0:31:23Wherever you live in Britain, there's a good chance
0:31:23 > 0:31:25that if you need to get to hospital in and emergency,
0:31:25 > 0:31:27help will be on hand.
0:31:27 > 0:31:29Even if you live in the middle of nowhere.
0:31:35 > 0:31:39Every year, 19,000 people in the UK are flown by air ambulance.
0:31:39 > 0:31:42- I've got a visual. - It saves thousands of lives.
0:31:42 > 0:31:43Steady, slide!
0:31:43 > 0:31:46And is a service that we now take for granted.
0:31:46 > 0:31:49But it only began 75 years ago.
0:32:00 > 0:32:05The story begins in the remote islands and Highlands of Scotland.
0:32:05 > 0:32:08Here, in the early 1900s,
0:32:08 > 0:32:10the landscape and conditions were harsh.
0:32:11 > 0:32:14Islanders often lived miles from the nearest town.
0:32:16 > 0:32:19Medical help came by way of the local doctor.
0:32:19 > 0:32:23'It's often 30 miles to see one patient.
0:32:23 > 0:32:25'A day's journey there and back.'
0:32:27 > 0:32:32And if their condition was serious, there were no local hospitals.
0:32:32 > 0:32:36Before the air ambulance was set up,
0:32:36 > 0:32:41if somebody had to be taken to the mainland for medical treatment,
0:32:41 > 0:32:45it would often entail a journey of many hours.
0:32:45 > 0:32:47People used to go from here to Oban
0:32:47 > 0:32:50and you had to go on a ferry and then had to get the...
0:32:50 > 0:32:55An ambulance would meet you at Kennacraig and take you to Oban
0:32:55 > 0:32:58And it's a horrible journey, it's a very twisty road.
0:32:58 > 0:33:00They weren't good in those days, the ambulances.
0:33:00 > 0:33:03It must've been a horrendous journey for the patient to go up there.
0:33:04 > 0:33:07Many patients simply didn't survive the journey.
0:33:07 > 0:33:12But in the 1930s, air travel started to take off
0:33:12 > 0:33:16and it wasn't long before doctors realised its potential.
0:33:16 > 0:33:19If anyone had told me, 30 years ago,
0:33:19 > 0:33:23that I would be telegraphing for specialists and for aeroplanes,
0:33:23 > 0:33:26well, I would have warned him to keep away from the bottle.
0:33:29 > 0:33:34Many of these people would have been too ill to endure a surface journey.
0:33:34 > 0:33:37So it opened up a lifeline which hadn't previously existed.
0:33:37 > 0:33:40People who would have died from the conditions they developed
0:33:40 > 0:33:42now had a chance of survival.
0:33:43 > 0:33:45People like John McDermott.
0:33:45 > 0:33:48In May 1933, this Islay fishermen
0:33:48 > 0:33:51became the air ambulance's first passenger.
0:33:53 > 0:33:56Suffering acute stomach pains,
0:33:56 > 0:34:00his doctor knew he needed urgent surgery and telegraphed for help.
0:34:02 > 0:34:06This first rescue mission was successful and others followed.
0:34:06 > 0:34:08'Message has just come through for an ambulance
0:34:08 > 0:34:11'to take at case of sudden and serious illness to hospital.
0:34:11 > 0:34:13'Time is everything. And the reply goes out.
0:34:13 > 0:34:16'The air ambulance will soon be on its way.'
0:34:16 > 0:34:21In the next decade, the Scottish air ambulance became well established.
0:34:24 > 0:34:26Lily McRae was one of the many nurses
0:34:26 > 0:34:28who volunteered to fly with the service.
0:34:28 > 0:34:31She still remembers the excitement of her very first flight.
0:34:31 > 0:34:36He put me at ease right away and he told me,
0:34:36 > 0:34:39"Just to sit back, relax and enjoy the tour on the way up," he says.
0:34:39 > 0:34:42"And if you can do anything for them on the way back, good luck."
0:34:42 > 0:34:43That was what he said to me.
0:34:47 > 0:34:52We had a medical box and we had oxygen.
0:34:52 > 0:34:55You know, if a patient needed oxygen.
0:34:55 > 0:34:58If they were needing injections or anything like that,
0:34:58 > 0:35:01the doctor that took them to the aircraft would give them
0:35:01 > 0:35:04anything that they needed for the flight.
0:35:08 > 0:35:11A lot of the time, you were just reassuring them or, you know,
0:35:11 > 0:35:14holding their hand, reassuring them and explaining to them
0:35:14 > 0:35:17what would happen when they got to Glasgow.
0:35:18 > 0:35:21'First aid is often given during the flight
0:35:21 > 0:35:23'by these flying nurses of Scotland.
0:35:23 > 0:35:25'They are volunteers and work in their off-duty time.
0:35:25 > 0:35:28'That's a fact that should be broadcast.'
0:35:28 > 0:35:31It wasn't all hard work, though.
0:35:31 > 0:35:33The radio officer used to go and lie in the stretcher
0:35:33 > 0:35:37and I went up beside the captain. That happened quite often.
0:35:37 > 0:35:41But it was wonderful coming in if it was really a beautiful day.
0:35:41 > 0:35:43You know, the view from up there sometimes.
0:35:43 > 0:35:47'Nurse Monroe is no stranger to an air-view of Argyll.
0:35:47 > 0:35:51'And no stranger to problems ahead. A tricky landing lies at the end of the flight.
0:35:51 > 0:35:53'The sand runway at Barra can only be used
0:35:53 > 0:35:55'for a few hours between tides.'
0:35:57 > 0:36:01Bad weather, difficult landings and rough terrain
0:36:01 > 0:36:06were all in a day's work for the ambulance's talented aviators.
0:36:08 > 0:36:11The young men who were the pilots, and they were generally young men,
0:36:11 > 0:36:15they did have incredible skill and they also built up
0:36:15 > 0:36:17a very intimate knowledge of the different parts
0:36:17 > 0:36:19of the Scottish coastline.
0:36:19 > 0:36:21That's what served them so well.
0:36:21 > 0:36:24'The pilot is famed throughout the Western Isles.
0:36:24 > 0:36:26'Folk have long known the sight of his plane.
0:36:26 > 0:36:29' "Our David Barclay," is what they call him.
0:36:29 > 0:36:32'He and his radio officer have flown many hundred such missions together.'
0:36:33 > 0:36:38There was pilots who were what we'd call seat-of-the-pants guys.
0:36:38 > 0:36:41They knew Scotland like the back of their hand.
0:36:41 > 0:36:44All the pilots knew that when they received a call,
0:36:44 > 0:36:45someone's life was at stake.
0:36:45 > 0:36:49And often, they put their own lives at risk to save others.
0:36:53 > 0:36:56There was an ethos that the aircraft must always get through
0:36:56 > 0:37:00when it was a case of an ambulance call out.
0:37:00 > 0:37:03Now, that probably meant that there were many occasions
0:37:03 > 0:37:07when pilots flew when common sense should have told them
0:37:07 > 0:37:09to wait on the ground until the weather cleared.
0:37:14 > 0:37:17On 28th September 1957,
0:37:17 > 0:37:21Captain Paddy Calderwood decided to risk an emergency call
0:37:21 > 0:37:23to a woman on the Isle of Islay.
0:37:26 > 0:37:29Flying with him was Sister Jean Kennedy
0:37:29 > 0:37:32and Radio Officer Hugh McGinlay.
0:37:34 > 0:37:38The weather was treacherous and, as they descended to land,
0:37:38 > 0:37:39disaster struck.
0:37:43 > 0:37:45The aircraft, it flew into a hillside,
0:37:45 > 0:37:49close to the airport on Islay on its final approach.
0:37:49 > 0:37:50And all on board were killed.
0:37:56 > 0:37:59It was a wild night but they just had to get to a patient
0:37:59 > 0:38:02and that was it, no qualms, you know.
0:38:06 > 0:38:10It affected a lot of the nurses and staff, you know,
0:38:10 > 0:38:12other staff as well. It really did.
0:38:22 > 0:38:25Up to that point, the pilots were allowed to operate
0:38:25 > 0:38:27in any weather conditions,
0:38:27 > 0:38:29it was entirely down to the captain's discretion.
0:38:29 > 0:38:33It was decided after that accident that they would have to observe
0:38:33 > 0:38:37the normal weather limits that apply to all commercial aircraft.
0:38:37 > 0:38:40Although, it has to be said, that quite often we cheated
0:38:40 > 0:38:42on the normal weather limits
0:38:42 > 0:38:44if we felt life was involved and that we could,
0:38:44 > 0:38:48if we could get in, we would try and get in, regardless of the weather.
0:38:50 > 0:38:52Operations, good morning.
0:38:52 > 0:38:54'Now, if help were needed in an emergency,
0:38:54 > 0:38:56'it could be here very quickly.'
0:38:56 > 0:38:59In the 1960s and '70s,
0:38:59 > 0:39:01the air ambulance went from strength to strength.
0:39:01 > 0:39:05Not just in Scotland but the rest of the UK, too.
0:39:07 > 0:39:11Today, an air ambulance takes off every ten minutes.
0:39:12 > 0:39:14But it's clear that those saving lives
0:39:14 > 0:39:17in the remote Western Isles of Scotland
0:39:17 > 0:39:21paved the way for what has become a vital emergency service.
0:39:24 > 0:39:28It's an essential service for the islands and a wonderful service.
0:39:28 > 0:39:31As I say, we're very, very fortunate living here.
0:39:31 > 0:39:33No qualms about living here,
0:39:33 > 0:39:36if you're ill or anything like that, really.
0:39:36 > 0:39:39You know, nobody needs to worry about that, nowadays.
0:39:48 > 0:39:52So we're joined here in the Picture Of Health surgery
0:39:52 > 0:39:55by Nurse Lily herself. Lovely to see you, Lily.
0:39:55 > 0:39:57- Thank you.- Welcome.
0:39:57 > 0:40:01- Presumably, you went away from the island to train, did you?- Yes, I did.
0:40:01 > 0:40:06- And I was 17.- Did you go onto the mainland in Scotland?- In Glasgow.
0:40:06 > 0:40:09Yes, went to the Southern General in Glasgow.
0:40:09 > 0:40:13When you are a girl, looking at those films there
0:40:13 > 0:40:16and that whole ferry chugging across
0:40:16 > 0:40:17and the thought of that,
0:40:17 > 0:40:20rocking and rolling and you're ill and everything else.
0:40:20 > 0:40:22- Just horrifying. - It must have been horrible.
0:40:22 > 0:40:26I hadn't ever to do it. But it must have been horrible.
0:40:26 > 0:40:29You didn't think anything of it cos that's the only way we could do it
0:40:29 > 0:40:32so you just took it, you know, took it as normal.
0:40:32 > 0:40:38And were you involved in any big, sort of, big, dramatic rescues?
0:40:38 > 0:40:41Just the weather was so bad sometimes you were bouncing up and down.
0:40:41 > 0:40:44When you had patients, it was very difficult.
0:40:44 > 0:40:46You know, trying to reassure them.
0:40:46 > 0:40:51Some of these patients we had had never left the islands.
0:40:51 > 0:40:54- No.- Never been on a flight in their life before.
0:40:54 > 0:40:57- And, you know, it was all, must be very difficult for them.- Yeah.
0:40:57 > 0:41:01- But, as I say...- You were a good traveller, though?- I am.
0:41:01 > 0:41:02- Did you get sick?- No, never.
0:41:02 > 0:41:05Even on the ferry at home and it can be pretty bad.
0:41:05 > 0:41:08No, I'm never sick, no.
0:41:08 > 0:41:11But flying small aeroplanes, I don't like flying in small aeroplanes.
0:41:11 > 0:41:16- Well, they're quite exciting.- It's a bit too exciting for me.- Is it?
0:41:16 > 0:41:18No, I quite enjoy it, I do.
0:41:18 > 0:41:21- One of the few, I think, that do. - Yeah.
0:41:21 > 0:41:24I enjoyed the ambulance very much cos I felt you were doing
0:41:24 > 0:41:27a good job because some of these people would probably,
0:41:27 > 0:41:30- you know, have died if they hadn't got hospital.- Absolutely.
0:41:30 > 0:41:33And, as I say, and it must have been such an experience for them
0:41:33 > 0:41:36- if they've never left the island. - Sure.
0:41:36 > 0:41:38So, I suppose you could say, Lily,
0:41:38 > 0:41:41that you were one of the pioneers in this service, yeah?
0:41:41 > 0:41:43Well, there was quite a few before me.
0:41:43 > 0:41:46- There were?- Yes, I wasn't the first.
0:41:46 > 0:41:49You know, I was just one of those that was there at the time.
0:41:49 > 0:41:50We consider you a pioneer.
0:41:50 > 0:41:54It's our dramatic vein, you see. That's what it is.
0:41:55 > 0:41:59Anyway, Nurse Lily, and, Derek, thank you so much for being here...
0:41:59 > 0:42:03- It's been great. - ..in the Picture Of Health surgery.
0:42:03 > 0:42:08- And maybe we'll see you again. - Yeah. Thanks, Larry.- Thank you.
0:42:14 > 0:42:19Now, to get an expert insight from The Open University, go to...
0:42:22 > 0:42:23..and follow the links.
0:42:34 > 0:42:36That's it from me today. Goodbye.
0:43:05 > 0:43:08Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd