Gulag

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0:08:33 > 0:08:36INSPIRATIONAL SONG IN RUSSIAN

0:09:13 > 0:09:16JAUNTY ORCHESTRAL MUSIC

0:21:18 > 0:21:21STRIDENT ORCHESTRAL MARCH

0:25:49 > 0:25:52MUSIC: "Macarena" by Del Los Rio

0:26:45 > 0:26:49SILENT FILM

0:28:31 > 0:28:34ROMANTIC PIANO CONCERTO

0:29:07 > 0:29:11MUSIC BUILDS INTO CLIMAX

0:29:32 > 0:29:34MUSIC STOPS

0:30:10 > 0:30:13LENIN HUMS TO HIMSELF

0:30:16 > 0:30:18Da!

0:31:36 > 0:31:41THEY SPEAK IN RUSSIAN

0:36:45 > 0:36:48CAWING OF SEA BIRDS

0:38:00 > 0:38:03MUFFLED PUBLIC ADDRESS ANNOUNCEMENT

0:38:16 > 0:38:19TRAIN HORN

0:42:36 > 0:42:39SPEECH INAUDIBLE

0:44:02 > 0:44:05CLOCK TICKING

0:49:27 > 0:49:29KNOCKS ON DOOR

0:49:45 > 0:49:47KEY TURNS IN LOCK

0:49:49 > 0:49:51Zdraz.

0:50:00 > 0:50:04THEY SPEAK IN RUSSIAN

0:51:27 > 0:51:30Zdraz.

0:51:40 > 0:51:42Da.

0:52:08 > 0:52:10Da.

0:52:12 > 0:52:19ANDREI: 'You could hear the sirens as the Black Marias picked up the prisoners.

0:52:19 > 0:52:22'So we all knew what it meant.'

0:52:22 > 0:52:29When they came for my mother, I was asleep. It was the dead of night.

0:52:29 > 0:52:33And my mother came in and turned on the light

0:52:33 > 0:52:37and said, "You'll have to wake up."

0:52:38 > 0:52:44And I straightaway gathered that there was a strange man in the room.

0:52:44 > 0:52:50He was already rummaging about my bits of copy books on my desk.

0:52:50 > 0:52:54I said, "Have they come for you as well?"

0:52:54 > 0:52:58I remember that rather well - the man.

0:52:59 > 0:53:02That was the end.

0:53:02 > 0:53:09Then my mother told me um...that they'd come to take her away.

0:53:09 > 0:53:12And when she's gone,

0:53:12 > 0:53:18there is a gold coin that she particularly treasured and her rings,

0:53:18 > 0:53:24and she put it the dirty linen basket whilst they were searching.

0:53:26 > 0:53:32She said, "Find them and hide them." I remember that very well.

0:53:32 > 0:53:39In those days, possession of gold was almost equivalent to a death sentence.

0:53:39 > 0:53:42So I did that.

0:53:42 > 0:53:47I don't really remember how the rest of the night passed.

0:54:07 > 0:54:10'My neighbour came in and I remember

0:54:10 > 0:54:17'that they had a ticket to the opera Carmen on that following night.

0:54:17 > 0:54:24'Ever since then, I associate Carmen with the arrest of my mother.'

0:54:25 > 0:54:29MUSIC: "Prelude (Act 1) From Carmen" by Bizet

0:55:29 > 0:55:31MUSIC STOPS

0:55:49 > 0:55:52WOMAN SINGS IN RUSSIAN

0:59:58 > 1:00:01NEW WOMAN SPEAKER:

1:03:10 > 1:03:16MALE SPEAKER: I came out here with my dad. That was back in 1932.

1:03:16 > 1:03:22I came out with him just for the adventure of coming out here.

1:03:24 > 1:03:27He was a communist in South Africa.

1:03:27 > 1:03:31He came out, together with me,

1:03:31 > 1:03:33to help the Soviets...

1:03:35 > 1:03:38..industrialise their country.

1:03:38 > 1:03:40That's the way we came out.

1:03:40 > 1:03:45He read a lot about...the Soviet Union.

1:03:46 > 1:03:50And he wanted to help the country

1:03:50 > 1:03:56There you are, instead of helping, they helped him be put away.

1:04:07 > 1:04:12He was arrested for no reason at all. We still don't know why.

1:04:13 > 1:04:17You daren't say, "What's wrong with this country?"

1:04:17 > 1:04:24You daren't say a word, er...bad about then Stalin.

1:04:24 > 1:04:29or in general that things were bad in the Soviet Union.

1:04:29 > 1:04:33You had to keep quiet, otherwise you'd be arrested.

1:04:33 > 1:04:36And when I was arrested,

1:04:36 > 1:04:40they told me a lot of things I'd never said to anybody.

1:04:40 > 1:04:42They had to arrest a person.

1:04:42 > 1:04:46Of course, you're forced to tell afterwards

1:04:46 > 1:04:51that you really did say that and undersign it.

1:04:51 > 1:04:55If you didn't, you were sent down to the dark room.

1:04:55 > 1:04:58So dark and cold, brrr!

1:07:22 > 1:07:26GENRICH GOLTSIN:

1:08:30 > 1:08:32JOE GLAZER: They knew perfectly well

1:08:32 > 1:08:36that you would sign anything they said,

1:08:36 > 1:08:40which I had to do, because I could stand it any more.

1:08:40 > 1:08:43It was terrible.

1:08:43 > 1:08:47A night in the cellar, a day not being able to sleep,

1:08:47 > 1:08:50and the same day, but in the evening,

1:08:50 > 1:08:54you were taken again to be interrogated - ten o'clock.

1:08:54 > 1:08:58You don't understand what you're talking about.

1:08:58 > 1:09:03You hadn't slept. You know what it means not to sleep for 48 hours.

1:09:03 > 1:09:06You sign everything they tell you to.

1:09:06 > 1:09:09If not, then down in the cold cellar.

1:09:09 > 1:09:13So I decided to sign it. That's all.

1:09:14 > 1:09:17I had to, nothing could be done about it.

1:09:18 > 1:09:21I'm not a hero.

1:09:21 > 1:09:24I'm not a coward, but I don't know,

1:09:24 > 1:09:30it's the terrible torture that you go through during interrogation.

1:09:30 > 1:09:34You'd sign anything they would tell you to.

1:09:41 > 1:09:44I don't want to remember those days at all.

1:09:44 > 1:09:50I like to remember these days with my family, my wife helping me.

1:10:54 > 1:10:57AEROPLANE FLIES OVERHEAD

1:11:02 > 1:11:06# Each little dream would take wing and my life would be true

1:11:06 > 1:11:11# Besame, besame mucho

1:11:11 > 1:11:16# Hold me, my darling, and say that you'll always be mine

1:11:16 > 1:11:20# This joy is something you, my arms enfolding you

1:11:20 > 1:11:23# Never knew this thrill before

1:11:23 > 1:11:27# Who ever thought I'd be holding you close to me?

1:11:27 > 1:11:33# Whispering, "It's you that I adore, my dearest one"

1:11:33 > 1:11:37# Should you believe me?

1:11:37 > 1:11:41# Dum, tara-ta, ta-ta, tum, tara-tum, ta-ta, ta-tum

1:11:41 > 1:11:46# Besame, besame mucho

1:11:46 > 1:11:51# Hold me, my darling, and say that you'll always be mine. #

1:11:53 > 1:11:56- Cha-cha-cha.- Cha-cha-cha.

1:12:01 > 1:12:05MUSIC: "Russian Dance from The Nutcracker Suite" by Tchaikovsky

1:13:00 > 1:13:03BIRDSONG

1:15:21 > 1:15:24NEW SPEAKER:

1:15:56 > 1:15:58HE LAUGHS RUEFULLY

1:15:59 > 1:16:00Da.

1:19:08 > 1:19:11NEW MALE SPEAKER:

1:22:14 > 1:22:18COCKEREL CROWS

1:30:09 > 1:30:13I got off the tram and walked along the embankment

1:30:13 > 1:30:17to the prison there.

1:30:17 > 1:30:23See the arch in the centre? That's where you went in the prison.

1:30:23 > 1:30:26You queued there until your turn.

1:30:26 > 1:30:32You always remember the dirt and the smell of the prison.

1:30:32 > 1:30:38Prisoners, because of the lack of washing facilities

1:30:38 > 1:30:41and, at the same time, a liberal use of disinfectant

1:30:41 > 1:30:47produces a very specific prison smell.

1:30:47 > 1:30:52When you took the parcel there,

1:30:52 > 1:30:58they found something that wasn't according to the regulations

1:30:58 > 1:31:02and they could refuse the parcel.

1:31:02 > 1:31:04But if they accepted the parcel,

1:31:04 > 1:31:10then you got the return parcel from the prisoner

1:31:10 > 1:31:12with the dirty linen.

1:31:12 > 1:31:15And you went home happily.

1:31:15 > 1:31:18I had to catch the train back and go to school.

1:31:18 > 1:31:23I don't remember what the excuse in school was

1:31:23 > 1:31:26why I was late twice a week.

1:31:26 > 1:31:29- REPORTER:- Did you also deliver to your mother?

1:31:29 > 1:31:36My mother was in the Syayetnaya Prison on the other side of the river.

1:31:36 > 1:31:43So, it was one day - for a fairly short period there were two prisons,

1:31:43 > 1:31:49because my mother was arrested on March 8th

1:31:49 > 1:31:57and...my father was sent away from that prison there on April 13th.

1:31:57 > 1:32:02It was a fairly short period of time when I did both prisons.

1:32:02 > 1:32:06You were a very young child, a ten-year-old.

1:32:06 > 1:32:12- Was it natural that both parents... - I knew I wasn't the only one.

1:32:20 > 1:32:25Inmates were allowed a visit before going to the concentration camps,

1:32:25 > 1:32:33and I took my grandmother to the prison so she could see him.

1:32:33 > 1:32:36And they refused.

1:32:36 > 1:32:41We stood there on the other side - in those days it was a grass bank -

1:32:41 > 1:32:47and she stood by the river and cried into the water. People were passing.

1:32:47 > 1:32:53I felt ashamed that a grown-up woman should weep openly in the street.

1:32:53 > 1:32:58I still remember her words, "I shall never see him again."

1:35:24 > 1:35:29CHURCH CHOIR SINGS: "Maria, Maria, Farewell To Lithuania"

1:40:24 > 1:40:27CLICKETY-CLACK OF TRAIN

1:47:28 > 1:47:31MAN SINGS IN CRIMEAN TATAR

1:48:09 > 1:48:12MAN WHISTLES

1:49:29 > 1:49:32HE RECITES KORAN VERSES

1:49:52 > 1:49:55WOMEN PRAY

1:56:00 > 1:56:04'It's well over 60 years since I've been back.

1:56:04 > 1:56:07'I remember it all very well.

1:56:09 > 1:56:13'When my father arrived from prison in the camp,

1:56:13 > 1:56:19'the prisoners were sorted according to their specialities and abilities.

1:56:21 > 1:56:25'My father was a fish scientist.

1:56:25 > 1:56:30'He was sent to Kandalashka to establish a fishing camp.

1:56:30 > 1:56:37'And because of the success in reaching record figures,

1:56:37 > 1:56:39'he was given permission

1:56:39 > 1:56:46'of seeing his family on the site of his work for ten days.

1:56:48 > 1:56:52'He took this opportunity,

1:56:52 > 1:56:55'and planned his escape from his camp.'

1:57:05 > 1:57:08So it's somewhere down here?

1:57:08 > 1:57:13We started from the little village

1:57:13 > 1:57:18about 15 or 20 miles away.

1:57:18 > 1:57:20We rowed right across here

1:57:20 > 1:57:26and finished up in the base of that bay.

1:57:28 > 1:57:34We unloaded the boat, took all the provisions and rucksacks,

1:57:34 > 1:57:37and we just marched on.

1:57:42 > 1:57:47We had to avoid any possible meeting with humans

1:57:47 > 1:57:54because there was a reward on capture of all prisoners escaping -

1:57:54 > 1:57:57the price of a sack of flour -

1:57:57 > 1:58:00which in those days, was an enormous price.

1:58:02 > 1:58:08- So...- It was somewhere down here that...that the boat was?

1:58:08 > 1:58:12In the furthest corner that you can see straight ahead,

1:58:12 > 1:58:17not in that little promontory on the right there,

1:58:17 > 1:58:21but further still, right at the bottom of that bay.

1:58:21 > 1:58:26And we started walking up the hill.

1:58:26 > 1:58:31We got about as far as there and I felt very tired.

1:58:31 > 1:58:35When did you realise you were escaping?

1:58:35 > 1:58:39That would be exactly when I was told.

1:58:39 > 1:58:45I thought we would camp for the night or at least have a rest.

1:58:45 > 1:58:48That's when my parents said,

1:58:48 > 1:58:53"We're not going to rest tonight because we're escaping from Russia."

1:59:02 > 1:59:05My mother, perhaps, was a little nostalgic.

1:59:05 > 1:59:13She showed me the panorama east over the tops of the mountains.

1:59:13 > 1:59:17And she said, "That's your homeland you're leaving."

1:59:20 > 1:59:26At which time I felt, shall we say, slightly sick and frightened.

1:59:26 > 1:59:29I knew that all prisoners are shot eventually.

1:59:29 > 1:59:33And probably Mother would be shot as well.

1:59:33 > 1:59:35That much...

1:59:36 > 1:59:41It wasn't a question of logic reasoning why I was frightened. I was just frightened.

1:59:41 > 1:59:44It took us 22 days from the start.

1:59:44 > 1:59:47I knew that we just had to go on till we got to Finland.

2:00:01 > 2:00:04We ended up in England.

2:00:04 > 2:00:08My mother wrote The Escape From The Soviets,

2:00:08 > 2:00:12and my father wrote I Speak For The Silent.

2:00:15 > 2:00:21The idea was that my father owed it to the prisoners to tell the world

2:00:21 > 2:00:27of the conditions and the repression that was going on at the time.

2:00:27 > 2:00:33But if it didn't make any difference, naturally, that was that.

2:00:43 > 2:00:46HE SINGS

2:11:36 > 2:11:39MELANCHOLIC ORCHESTRAL MUSIC

2:14:17 > 2:14:21HE SPEAKS IN RUSSIAN

2:15:58 > 2:16:01HEROIC ORCHESTRAL MUSIC

2:18:52 > 2:18:55JAUNTY ACCORDION FOLK MUSIC

2:19:13 > 2:19:16MAN SINGS IN RUSSIAN

2:36:30 > 2:36:33NEW SPEAKER:

2:37:37 > 2:37:38Zdrazvuitye.

2:37:40 > 2:37:43WOMAN SPEAKS

2:37:43 > 2:37:44Zdraz.

2:39:45 > 2:39:49WOMAN INTERJECTS IN RUSSIAN

2:40:42 > 2:40:46WOMAN:

2:42:52 > 2:42:55SHE SINGS MELANCHOLIC RUSSIAN SONG

2:43:24 > 2:43:29THEY INTERRUPT WITH TUNELESS CHANTS

2:43:34 > 2:43:36THEY SCREAM

2:43:37 > 2:43:40SONG CONTINUES

2:44:13 > 2:44:16SONG FADES AWAY

2:44:16 > 2:44:19WIND HOWLS

2:51:12 > 2:51:15HE SINGS IN RUSSIAN

2:59:48 > 2:59:51Subtitles by Ericsson