:00:00. > :00:14.experiences will be told over the next two years.
:00:15. > :00:19.Festival, quarter the million people enjoying a mixture of art and music
:00:20. > :00:24.and reminders of the shipping heritage of Liverpool, and this
:00:25. > :00:33.festival has given the Merseyside Maritime Museum and opportunity to
:00:34. > :00:36.mark the anniversary of the First World War, this echoes the
:00:37. > :00:42.camouflage used by shipping at a time when German submarines were
:00:43. > :00:47.threatening Britain's supply lines, and at the heart of this is the
:00:48. > :00:57.World War I BBC road show, which has been set up in partnership with the
:00:58. > :01:00.Imperial War Museum, and the team have come up with thousands of
:01:01. > :01:04.stories, linking places where we live with what happened a century
:01:05. > :01:16.ago. Here is a taste of what is coming up. Zeppelins overhead and
:01:17. > :01:24.everywhere was in darkness, in factories and shops. Although many
:01:25. > :01:30.patients were treated well, some disturbing stories are now being
:01:31. > :01:34.uncovered, and in this film, Major Arthur Hurst of the Royal medical
:01:35. > :01:43.corps produced footage to prove that shell`shocked could be cured. This
:01:44. > :01:50.is a very exciting discovery for us, this factory has a very important
:01:51. > :01:54.part to play in the war effort. As part of the commemorations, I have
:01:55. > :01:57.been asked to put the boots back on and to play in a special match,
:01:58. > :02:15.exactly as it would have been in 1914.
:02:16. > :02:19.The Mersey ferries travelling backwards and forwards to the
:02:20. > :02:25.Wirral, almost as famous as Liverpool itself, nearly 100 years
:02:26. > :02:31.ago the ferries and their crews made naval history when they sailed into
:02:32. > :02:40.the heart of enemy territory. This is the day when the ferries went to
:02:41. > :02:50.war. The Mersey ferries, as much a part of Liverpool as football,
:02:51. > :02:55.scouts, and the bird. They have been taking passengers across for many
:02:56. > :02:58.years, and they had a spectacular moment of fame when the iris and the
:02:59. > :03:05.daffodil gave up the mundane commuter routine to become warriors,
:03:06. > :03:10.and one night in April 1918 they sailed out of the Mersey and into
:03:11. > :03:14.naval history. These little ships, along with many of their regular
:03:15. > :03:18.crew, had been drafted in to take centre stage in one of the most
:03:19. > :03:26.audacious operations of the First World War, a raid on Zeebrugge. The
:03:27. > :03:29.plan was to block Seabrook Harbor, an important naval base, by
:03:30. > :03:33.deliberately sinking three British ships in the entrance, and if the
:03:34. > :03:39.ships were to get through, the German guns along the mile long
:03:40. > :03:46.jetty had to be taken on, and the job of the ships was to land
:03:47. > :03:50.hundreds of assault troops. They were tubby little ferry boats and
:03:51. > :03:56.they could glide over the German minefields which had been laid out
:03:57. > :04:03.at Zeebrugge. They were practically unsinkable, and as we can see on
:04:04. > :04:14.this modern fairy, they were high`density passenger carrying
:04:15. > :04:19.ships and they could cram many Royal Marines on board. The idea was to
:04:20. > :04:28.get them there, but they were terribly exposed, and the iris was
:04:29. > :04:32.shelled and a bomb went through the deck and there was terrible carnage,
:04:33. > :04:38.and the daffodil suffered a huge shells through the injury and ``
:04:39. > :04:44.through the engine room. They suffered badly. They limped back
:04:45. > :04:49.across the Channel and the newsreel cameras recorded their triumphant
:04:50. > :04:52.return to the Mersey, civic dignitaries queueing up to see the
:04:53. > :05:01.shrapnel damage and the bullet holes. When these little ships, the
:05:02. > :05:17.babies against the Goliath of the German Imperial Navy, went over and
:05:18. > :05:20.did their bit in Seabrook `` Seabrook they were welcomed back,
:05:21. > :05:27.and then they were restored and put back into public service. Their
:05:28. > :05:36.glorious past could not save them from the breakers yard, but they and
:05:37. > :05:40.today they still bear that title, a living memorial to the ships, and
:05:41. > :05:47.their crews, who for a fewer hours of the coast of Belgium, swapped the
:05:48. > :05:59.humdrum for the heroic `` but they have the Royal prefix added, and
:06:00. > :06:02.today they still bear that title. Did you know that the First World
:06:03. > :06:08.War saw the first aerial bombardment, German zeppelins,
:06:09. > :06:14.carrying the front line into British communities? One raid in Sheffield
:06:15. > :06:26.killed 29 people and left a trail of destruction across the city, as we
:06:27. > :06:30.now report. As these zeppelins were overhead and everywhere was in
:06:31. > :06:38.darkness, the workshops, factories, shops, everywhere, it all went dead.
:06:39. > :06:44.Vivid recollections from a Sheffield resident who look to the skies one
:06:45. > :06:51.September night in 1916, looming above the clouds, 500 predator,
:06:52. > :06:55.preparing to release its explosives, piloted by a German
:06:56. > :07:01.captain, Martin Dietrich, the Zeppelin dropped its bonds,
:07:02. > :07:05.demolishing homes and killing 29 people including ten children, and
:07:06. > :07:11.many of the innocent victims were families asleep in bed. The Zeppelin
:07:12. > :07:15.was the ultimate weapon at the start of the First World War, it could fly
:07:16. > :07:22.higher and faster and further than anything else. People were very
:07:23. > :07:25.worried about this. People climbing up the Gas lamps and turning them
:07:26. > :07:30.out, some people have seen an airship go over. I was looking
:07:31. > :07:39.through the back window and I could see a dark object, it made a very
:07:40. > :07:49.peculiar blooming noise. I was fighting force `` I was frightened.
:07:50. > :07:57.Margaret Smith witnessed the horror, writing to her aunt. There
:07:58. > :08:01.was a terrific crash, high explosive shells and they shipped the Earth,
:08:02. > :08:05.and then pale lights like lightning with terrible crashes after each
:08:06. > :08:15.one, they lit up the sky, they were incendiary bombs. 36 crashed down,
:08:16. > :08:19.the first hit a cemetery, the final resting place for most of its
:08:20. > :08:25.victims, searching among thousands of headstones, we found the grave of
:08:26. > :08:28.Elizabeth Bellamy, it was reported that the roof caved in and she was
:08:29. > :08:35.walking across the bedroom to protect her child. The seventh bomb
:08:36. > :08:42.killed seven members of these same family and this is the grave of the
:08:43. > :08:49.Tylers. They had five children, and their youngest was just two years of
:08:50. > :08:53.age. They were ordinarily Sheffield people, they were working in the
:08:54. > :08:58.factories, and some of them had attempted to join up, but they were
:08:59. > :09:01.decided to be more important at home and so they stayed at home to do
:09:02. > :09:09.their bit, but the ball came to them. In 1916 the great Wall
:09:10. > :09:13.descended on Sheffield in a violent and terrifying way, the Zeppelin
:09:14. > :09:27.returned safely to Germany `` the great war. People here are busy
:09:28. > :09:31.tracking down their own family members and there are many
:09:32. > :09:35.discoveries to be made. The artists are very excited about a piece of
:09:36. > :09:41.the ditch which has been found in a garden shed in Derbyshire `` the
:09:42. > :09:50.archivist at the Imperial War Ms aim very excited. `` a piece of
:09:51. > :09:53.footage. Faces of women doing dangerous work, called into the
:09:54. > :09:59.factories to help reduce the shells which were needed to win the war and
:10:00. > :10:07.many would die within a year of this film being shot, when a huge blast
:10:08. > :10:12.tore apart the building where the explosives were being mixed, 139
:10:13. > :10:18.people died and hundreds more were injured, and very few could be
:10:19. > :10:23.identified. The newly discovered film shows women working with
:10:24. > :10:29.explosives. One of the most important films I have seen in many
:10:30. > :10:32.years. This is a major find. The film was discovered when the BBC
:10:33. > :10:40.tracked down the family of one of the victims of the 1918 explosion.
:10:41. > :10:45.Gertrude died, leaving behind for children, and somehow the film ended
:10:46. > :10:52.up with her family for almost a sense the `` four children. The
:10:53. > :11:00.story is that this was found in a jumble sale and then my auntie put
:11:01. > :11:04.it in the loft, my cousin was talking about this and I said I
:11:05. > :11:07.thought it might be a nitrate film and we had to be careful because it
:11:08. > :11:20.might be inflammable. He then put that any shared. `` put that in his
:11:21. > :11:26.shed. And here it is, rescued from the garden shed, nitrate film is
:11:27. > :11:33.very dangerous, a fire cannot be extinguished. It was taken to the
:11:34. > :11:40.Imperial War Museum at Duxford, X months later Peter Kirsten was able
:11:41. > :11:49.to see what the experts have so far salvaged `` six months later. There
:11:50. > :11:55.is a bit of war damage. I thought you would never be able to pull it
:11:56. > :12:01.apart. There is also the negative and overtime it is planned to
:12:02. > :12:06.restore it by combining the two, the film has been partly damaged by
:12:07. > :12:12.rainwater. Meanwhile, technology has been used to copy it, so that it can
:12:13. > :12:18.be seen. This is a very exciting discovery for us, very rarely do we
:12:19. > :12:23.have discoveries like this. This factory had a very important part to
:12:24. > :12:30.play in the war effort. The family hope that they might be able to find
:12:31. > :12:33.Gertrude in the restored footage. We might find her, she's very
:12:34. > :12:42.distinctive, she might be there somewhere. The war poet Wilfred Owen
:12:43. > :12:48.spent his early years over there, in Birkenhead, and today there is a
:12:49. > :12:52.special exhibition during this festival, he spent time at a
:12:53. > :13:04.hospital in Southampton, suffering from cell shock `` shell shock. Back
:13:05. > :13:07.then the government was putting doctors under pressure to show that
:13:08. > :13:16.shell shock was something that could be cured, and one went to extremes
:13:17. > :13:20.to show faked footage. The Royal Victoria Hospital was the major
:13:21. > :13:22.hospital for victims of the First World War, they were brought by
:13:23. > :13:28.train in their hundreds from Southampton docks, among the wounded
:13:29. > :13:34.was one of the leading war poets, Wilfred Owen. Although many of the
:13:35. > :13:39.patients were treated well, some disturbing stories are now being
:13:40. > :13:43.uncovered. In this film, Major Arthur Hurst of the Royal medical
:13:44. > :13:48.Corps, produced footage to prove that shell shock could be cured.
:13:49. > :13:53.Worried by the numbers of people coming home with mental health
:13:54. > :14:01.problems, this, says Professor Edgar Jones, was a government propaganda
:14:02. > :14:07.exercise. It shows a sergeant in a state of invalidity, he is bent
:14:08. > :14:11.double and walking with sticks, and it says that it is September 1917,
:14:12. > :14:17.but in the next scene he has shown to be almost cured two months later.
:14:18. > :14:22.If we look very carefully at the background, we can see the same
:14:23. > :14:28.group of nurses, the same column of smoke coming from the chimney.
:14:29. > :14:31.Arthur Hurst has ordered him to recreate his illness and to
:14:32. > :14:41.demonstrate the effectiveness of his treatment, this is a faked scene.
:14:42. > :14:44.More than 100,000 officers were `` soldiers were treated at this
:14:45. > :14:49.hospital, but now very little remains, as it was largely
:14:50. > :14:52.demolished in the 1960s. 100 years on, stories of individuals who
:14:53. > :14:59.passed through the hospital still remain to be told. As the war
:15:00. > :15:03.progressed, volunteers were running short, and conscription was
:15:04. > :15:08.introduced, and that meant all men aged between 18 and 41 were called
:15:09. > :15:10.up for service on the Western front. Some of them refused to go, they
:15:11. > :15:18.were known as conscientious objectors, or colleges, and they
:15:19. > :15:22.could be subjected to harsh punishment. David
:15:23. > :15:31.principled young man. The pressure to sign up for the great War was
:15:32. > :15:34.irresistible for most By 1916, Britain had lost half
:15:35. > :15:37.a million soldiers and volunteers The military service act was passed,
:15:38. > :15:42.requiring every fit young man to I have come to Cheltenham, to meet
:15:43. > :15:54.the family of a man who refused He was prepared to die
:15:55. > :16:04.for his cause? His father and two
:16:05. > :16:18.brothers joined up, but he decided He did not want to have
:16:19. > :16:27.anything to do with it. Jack was
:16:28. > :16:30.a brilliant mathematician, a teacher and nothing but firm father who did
:16:31. > :16:34.everything by numbers. His peaceful life at a public school
:16:35. > :16:37.came to an abrupt end On religious and moral grounds,
:16:38. > :16:47.he supported the anti`war movement. While most pacifists would get
:16:48. > :16:50.non`combat roles, Jack refused to He felt if sufficient
:16:51. > :16:56.number of people said that war was wrong, even if they had to give up
:16:57. > :17:00.everything to do that, later, in future years, more and more
:17:01. > :17:07.people would not take part in war. He was among
:17:08. > :17:09.the few hard`core who refused and They were not allowed to execute him
:17:10. > :17:18.in Britain and the army moved him to France, where he was sentenced to
:17:19. > :17:21.death for refusing to obey an order. Mercifully, it was changed to
:17:22. > :17:23.physical discipline that seems They were given field
:17:24. > :17:35.punishment, where they had to be crucified, tied to barbed wire,
:17:36. > :17:39.with chains, ropes, with their arms They had to stand
:17:40. > :17:49.like that for two hours every day. After the war,
:17:50. > :17:53.public opinion turned and thousands signed the peace pledge promising
:17:54. > :17:57.never to fight again. He joined the Home Guard
:17:58. > :18:04.because he thought fighting Hitler was justified,
:18:05. > :18:09.although his rifle was not loaded. Jack went on to live a long
:18:10. > :18:12.and principled life The athletic abilities
:18:13. > :18:23.of these sea cadets have been Sport also played a crucial role
:18:24. > :18:32.in the First World War. Sports clubs provided thousands
:18:33. > :18:34.of young men prepared to fight, and Josh Lucy, the Rugby World Cup
:18:35. > :18:48.winner, followed those stories. 100 years after the First World War,
:18:49. > :18:53.this rugby club in south`west London is unveiling
:18:54. > :18:59.a memorial to the fallen. As part of the commemorations,
:19:00. > :19:02.I have been asked to put the boots back on to play in a special match
:19:03. > :19:10.as it would have been in 1914. In August that year,
:19:11. > :19:14.Britain declared war on Germany and the government asked
:19:15. > :19:19.for volunteers to fight. Rosslyn Park players step
:19:20. > :19:23.forward with vigour. Rugby was quick to
:19:24. > :19:26.volunteer and 90% of the guys in Rosslyn Park volunteered
:19:27. > :19:32.in August or September. The reason
:19:33. > :19:35.so many signed up goes back to They understood they were privileged
:19:36. > :19:44.but with that came responsibility. They knew that when the country was
:19:45. > :19:49.in peril, they had to do their bit and that often meant leading from
:19:50. > :19:53.the front, getting up in the line Bravery, gallantry and heroics,
:19:54. > :20:01.these were words associated with His family have this business
:20:02. > :20:13.in London. His family have
:20:14. > :20:17.the letters he wrote home. He grew up
:20:18. > :20:19.with three brothers. The family was large with
:20:20. > :20:26.16 children altogether. They were brought up
:20:27. > :20:28.at a house called Ivy Lodge. This example,
:20:29. > :20:33.hope you are keeping well. I posted my watch the other day
:20:34. > :20:36.and asked him to have This is
:20:37. > :20:45.the last letter he wrote. Without players such as Jack
:20:46. > :20:51.from clubs like Rosslyn Park volunteering, the outcome for
:20:52. > :20:56.Britain could have been different. Rugby and warfare share
:20:57. > :21:02.a common language. At the end of the day you have to
:21:03. > :21:05.remember that injury time The whole team does not get to go
:21:06. > :21:16.home for a beer after the game. Appropriate we should
:21:17. > :21:24.have aircraft in the sky. The last story we will tell
:21:25. > :21:31.you is about a pilot. Captain Oscar Greg from Devon was
:21:32. > :21:34.shot down by the notorious Red Baron and spent the rest of his war as a
:21:35. > :21:39.prisoner, ending his days on a farm. Justin went to meet two people he
:21:40. > :21:42.knew in later life, including There is nothing to
:21:43. > :21:53.compare with the joys of flying. To express the joy
:21:54. > :21:56.of life to the fullest extent, He was pioneering, a flying fanatic,
:21:57. > :22:10.and the war gave him One can perform antics
:22:11. > :22:19.utterly impossible on the ground and amongst scenery of the most
:22:20. > :22:30.breathtaking and majestic beauty. Part of Oscar's role
:22:31. > :22:32.in the early war years was to photograph cloud formations to help
:22:33. > :22:37.other pilots. This album is a collection
:22:38. > :22:43.of photographs from 1916. As well as a prolific photographer,
:22:44. > :22:46.he was an avid writer and the Imperial War Museum in London
:22:47. > :22:48.has a collection of his letters. This was the diary he wrote
:22:49. > :22:51.in the run`up to He writes about the moment they came
:22:52. > :23:09.under attack, saying there was another burst of fire,
:23:10. > :23:13.putting the engine out of action He goes on to say,
:23:14. > :23:22.I have no pain in my foot, only a What strikes me is how polite they
:23:23. > :23:29.remain throughout this ordeal. He turns to his observer
:23:30. > :23:33.after crash landing and asks I told him I got one in the foot and
:23:34. > :23:47.was dammed sorry to bring him here. At which point he asked
:23:48. > :23:50.if they were in Germany and was not It turns out they were shot down
:23:51. > :23:59.by the notorious Red Baron. At which point he asked if they were
:24:00. > :24:04.in Hunland and was not Oscar later discovered a picture showing
:24:05. > :24:07.his aircraft number on display He was held until the end of the war
:24:08. > :24:12.but escaped in 1918, determined to He lived out his days in this Devon
:24:13. > :24:22.farmhouse, the home now of Children said it was
:24:23. > :24:30.like the house of Miss Haversham As he grew older, Oscar became
:24:31. > :24:39.frustrated with his failing health. I think he felt he did not
:24:40. > :24:44.want to be a nuisance. And one who left a rich
:24:45. > :25:08.legacy for the pilots of the future. The cumuli are
:25:09. > :25:16.the most interesting of all clouds. Memories of
:25:17. > :25:32.Captain Oscar Greg bringing Just a few stories out
:25:33. > :25:37.of the hundreds we are gathering and if you want to see them,
:25:38. > :25:45.they are on the website. We have more information coming in
:25:46. > :25:58.all the time, so watch this space. # Though your lads are far away,
:25:59. > :26:02.they dream of home. # There's a silver lining,
:26:03. > :26:45.through the dark clouds shining. Hello. Low pressure is with us once
:26:46. > :26:48.again today. It is this weather system you can see behind me. It has
:26:49. > :26:49.given quite