0:00:02 > 0:00:04CLASSIC "RANK" GONG SOUNDS
0:03:00 > 0:03:01What about this?
0:03:01 > 0:03:03Believe it or not, it's a do-it-yourself railway.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08Since 1951, the Tally Clyn gauge railway at Towin
0:03:08 > 0:03:11in Wales has been run as a spare time hobby by a group of railway
0:03:11 > 0:03:15enthusiasts from all over Britain, who formed a preservation society.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Here are two of them, a post office engineer, and a grocer.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25One of their other day jobs in replacing worn out sleepers.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28The railway has two full-time drivers, the Jones brothers
0:03:28 > 0:03:32whose family has given over 60 years service to this line,
0:03:32 > 0:03:34built originally to serve the local slate quarries.
0:03:36 > 0:03:38Herbert Jones brings a locomotive into a siding,
0:03:38 > 0:03:40while a chemist from Birmingham draws the fire.
0:03:48 > 0:03:49Maureen's a London secretary.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51She's the sort of girl who watches points.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04They've even dug their own slate quarry
0:04:04 > 0:04:06to provide ballast for the track.
0:04:06 > 0:04:09In between passenger trains, there are 24 a week at the peak
0:04:09 > 0:04:12of the season, the ballast train runs up to the quarry,
0:04:12 > 0:04:15and then it's all hands to the shovel until every truck's filled.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20There's a lot of skilled work to be done behind the scenes.
0:04:20 > 0:04:21This chap's a civil engineer.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27The Midlander is the only diesel loco on the line.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29The servicing of its engine
0:04:29 > 0:04:31is in the hands of an account from Chichester.
0:04:36 > 0:04:38There's a science student from Derby drilling a cylinder block.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44He doesn't want to paint the town red,
0:04:44 > 0:04:47he'd rather paint a bogey frame.
0:04:47 > 0:04:48Talking of painting,
0:04:48 > 0:04:50there she is again, the only girl in the outfit.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52I bet she gets all the jobs the others don't want.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56Of course, she couldn't do this job.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58They're putting a coach on its wheels,
0:04:58 > 0:04:59it wouldn't get far without them.
0:05:03 > 0:05:04There's only one train on Sunday
0:05:04 > 0:05:08and it's nearly time for it to leave on its six-and-a-half-mile trip
0:05:08 > 0:05:09into the mountains.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12It'll call at five stations and take 45 minutes to do it.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14But with such picturesque vistas around,
0:05:14 > 0:05:17nobody's thinking of the jet age up here.
0:05:17 > 0:05:20Most days the train is packed with society members and holiday makers.
0:05:28 > 0:05:29Three o'clock, time to go.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32That's another way which this railway is unusual,
0:05:32 > 0:05:35the train actually runs to time!
0:05:53 > 0:05:55Pop down the road to the Horseguards.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57They get changed every day as regular as the sea lions
0:05:57 > 0:06:00are fed in the zoo, only here there's no gate money.
0:06:03 > 0:06:06If you hit on the right day for strolling down The Mall
0:06:06 > 0:06:07you'll meet the Royal Procession
0:06:07 > 0:06:09coming back from Trooping the Colour.
0:06:11 > 0:06:13Now there's a sight for sore eyes!
0:06:27 > 0:06:30But you'll really have sore eyes if you spend too long
0:06:30 > 0:06:33looking for the next sight, the fly-past that goes with it.
0:06:38 > 0:06:39Motor racing's an expensive sport,
0:06:39 > 0:06:43but for free you can watch the finest speedways in the country.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45For thrills at top speed
0:06:45 > 0:06:47try getting on a bridge across one of the motorways.
0:06:53 > 0:06:55Watching people watching is another sport.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58You might think this is a standstill motor race
0:06:58 > 0:06:59or a new kind of sit-down protest.
0:06:59 > 0:07:04In fact, they're watching the gliders, so much safer than
0:07:04 > 0:07:05actually going up there, they think.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07While the flyer thinks how lucky he
0:07:07 > 0:07:11is to be safe, far from the traffic, not to mention the petrol fumes!
0:07:25 > 0:07:27Shopping can cost a lot,
0:07:27 > 0:07:29but you can pick up many a bargain in your mind
0:07:29 > 0:07:31when the shops are closed.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36What could be nicer in fine weather than to take a look at the weather.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39Stand outside the Weather Shop just below the Air Ministry roof
0:07:39 > 0:07:41and make your plans for tomorrow.
0:07:42 > 0:07:44Anybody making a hole in the ground
0:07:44 > 0:07:47is a surefire draw wherever you are.
0:07:47 > 0:07:49The bigger the hole, the better the looking.
0:07:49 > 0:07:52In the old days, they used to put up dirty great fences
0:07:52 > 0:07:54and you had to peak through the cracks.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59# There I was, digging this hole
0:07:59 > 0:08:02# Hole in the ground, so big and sort of round, it was
0:08:02 > 0:08:05# And there was I, digging it deep
0:08:05 > 0:08:08# It was flat at the bottom and the sides were steep
0:08:08 > 0:08:11# When along comes this bloke in a bowler
0:08:11 > 0:08:13# Which he lifted and scratched his head
0:08:13 > 0:08:15# Whoa, he looked down the hole
0:08:15 > 0:08:18# Poor, demented soul, and he said...
0:08:18 > 0:08:19# Now that's that. #
0:08:19 > 0:08:22Now here's Mr HM Hughes of Harlow, Essex.
0:08:22 > 0:08:24His projects are relatively small-scale.
0:08:40 > 0:08:45This magnificent model of a ship used only 13,500 matches.
0:08:47 > 0:08:48As well as the matches,
0:08:48 > 0:08:51there's been three years' hard work put into that model.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12People are no longer content
0:09:12 > 0:09:14to watch others doing the constructional and repair work
0:09:14 > 0:09:17around their homes, they're doing it themselves.
0:09:22 > 0:09:24A quarter of a million enthusiasts come to this
0:09:24 > 0:09:28exhibition in London each year to see the latest developments.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30They look at them with professional eyes.
0:09:30 > 0:09:32Once bitten by the do-it-yourself bug,
0:09:32 > 0:09:34their quest for knowledge becomes endless.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38Today, do-it-yourself has spread beyond the home,
0:09:38 > 0:09:40and some people have made it quite a business.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44It looks very much like any other, but instead of paying a mechanic
0:09:44 > 0:09:46to overhaul your car, you "do-it-yourself"
0:09:46 > 0:09:48and pay seven and sixpence an hour
0:09:48 > 0:09:51for the use of tools and equipment valued at over £1,000.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11There's an engineer with 25 years' experience to give you advice
0:10:11 > 0:10:13if you need it.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16This was the idea of Frank Sawyer, a local haulage contractor.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18He finds that motorists take a far greater
0:10:18 > 0:10:20interest in their vehicles this way.
0:10:20 > 0:10:22They bring them in for regular maintenance
0:10:22 > 0:10:24instead of waiting for them to break down by the roadside.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31And it's not only old cars that come in.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49Does the idea really work in practice?
0:10:49 > 0:10:51This is the acid test.
0:10:51 > 0:10:53The idea's so successful that more and more garage
0:10:53 > 0:10:56proprietors are providing this service up and down the country.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04With do-it-yourself, the sky's the limit.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07You can even have your own miniature Jodrell Bank.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Frank Hyde, a Clacton radio and television dealer, built this
0:11:17 > 0:11:20one himself at Beacon Hill on the Essex coast.
0:11:20 > 0:11:23Though it's his hobby, the work he is doing is wholly scientific.
0:11:23 > 0:11:25The observation of Jupiter,
0:11:25 > 0:11:27the largest of all the planets,
0:11:27 > 0:11:29with a diameter 11 times that of the earth.
0:11:30 > 0:11:33He's converted this Martello tower, originally built to keep out
0:11:33 > 0:11:37Napoleon, into a control tower to translate the radio waves sent out
0:11:37 > 0:11:41by heavenly bodies from outside the earth's atmosphere into soundwaves.
0:11:43 > 0:11:47It's the first amateur radio astronomy observatory in the world.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50The work Frank Hyde's doing is considered so important
0:11:50 > 0:11:53that the Americans have helped to pay for some of the equipment.
0:11:53 > 0:11:54This section of equipment
0:11:54 > 0:11:56is a duplication of what they have in Florida.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02This was loaned by a British electronics firm.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11And this was bought by Frank Hyde himself.
0:12:15 > 0:12:19Jupiter, which is around 400 million miles from the earth, sends out
0:12:19 > 0:12:23radiation which has not been found to occur on any other planet.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25The experiments are to observe why.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28They require observations over long periods
0:12:28 > 0:12:30for more than 12 hours at a time.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32And these are the sort of sounds you hear from Jupiter.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38RADIO FUZZ AND STATIC
0:12:42 > 0:12:44The signals come at regular intervals and almost suggest
0:12:44 > 0:12:49a form of intelligence, but Jupiter is surrounded by poisonous gases.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52With this station, and the one in America working together
0:12:52 > 0:12:55and overlapping, information is being gained that will be useful
0:12:55 > 0:12:57for future space rocket probes.
0:13:13 > 0:13:17Here in a country studio in Kent is Daphne Oram,
0:13:17 > 0:13:19a pioneer of a new type of music.
0:13:19 > 0:13:22Unlike the traditional composer,
0:13:22 > 0:13:26she uses no musical instruments and no musicians.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29She produces sounds by electronic devices, some of them
0:13:29 > 0:13:31sounds unlike any ever heard before.
0:13:32 > 0:13:35She needs no concert hall or opera house to put on a performance,
0:13:35 > 0:13:38she can do it on a tape recorder.
0:13:38 > 0:13:42The sounds, produced electronically, are recorded on tape.
0:13:42 > 0:13:45By mixing the sounds on various tapes together and playing them
0:13:45 > 0:13:50at varying speeds, she can produce all sorts of different combinations.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53Already electronic music is being used in films, television
0:13:53 > 0:13:56and the theatre, and there have been concert performances too.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00There are some people that think the music of the future
0:14:00 > 0:14:02will sound like this.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07CHIMES AND BEEPS
0:14:23 > 0:14:25There's music everywhere.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28Office workers coming off the train with that Monday morning feeling are
0:14:28 > 0:14:29greeted like this.
0:14:29 > 0:14:33It's piped music of course, relayed through loud speakers.
0:14:33 > 0:14:36Perhaps it gets them in the mood to face that last lap
0:14:36 > 0:14:37to work on the bus.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40There's no music in London buses...yet!
0:14:45 > 0:14:47But once in the office, back it comes.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54In the typing pool, background music,
0:14:54 > 0:14:57so they say, stops the girls from getting bored with routine.
0:14:57 > 0:14:59It helps them concentrate.
0:14:59 > 0:15:02Well, there may be exceptions!
0:15:06 > 0:15:09Piped music is big business in Britain today.
0:15:09 > 0:15:12This one company alone has £1 million's worth of contracts
0:15:12 > 0:15:14to supply music 24 hours a day.
0:15:19 > 0:15:20On eight-hour tapes,
0:15:20 > 0:15:23which automatically change over when completed,
0:15:23 > 0:15:28more than 1,000 shops, hotels, pubs, restaurants and factories receive
0:15:28 > 0:15:34a carefully worked out music plan, costing from £13 to £300 a month.
0:15:36 > 0:15:40It all began back in the '30s when two industrial psychologists
0:15:40 > 0:15:42measured the effect of music on productivity,
0:15:42 > 0:15:45and found that it certainly helped output.
0:15:45 > 0:15:46Music while you work was born.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54But the tempo must be just right.
0:15:54 > 0:15:56This sort of music would not help to send up
0:15:56 > 0:15:57the rate of music at all.
0:15:57 > 0:16:00All right for thinking of the boyfriend, of course,
0:16:00 > 0:16:03but calculated to take years off the foreman's life.
0:16:07 > 0:16:08This would be just as bad.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10MUSIC: "Ride of the Valkyries" by Wagner
0:16:18 > 0:16:21With music of this tempo you might get a remarkable rise in output,
0:16:21 > 0:16:23but think of all the holidays you would need
0:16:23 > 0:16:25to recuperate after all that effort.
0:16:32 > 0:16:35No, the music must suit the occasion and the mood.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38Bright and cheerful for shopping and thinking out prices.
0:16:38 > 0:16:40Bright and cheerful to take your mind off the bill.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48Even at the hairdressers, there's music to go with the perm.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55If you're not musically minded, you can take refuge under the dryer.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20Europe is following America and Russia on the way
0:17:20 > 0:17:23to the stars, and here's the rocket designed to give her the first big
0:17:23 > 0:17:27punch into space, a British rocket with a famous name, Blue Streak.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32Not so long ago the work of the dedicated teams of scientists
0:17:32 > 0:17:35and engineers who made her was top secret.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37Then she was a missile, a weapon.
0:17:37 > 0:17:42Today, she's a booster for a space vehicle with a peaceful mission.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44Many of Britain's best technicians have helped to make her.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50This is her fuel tank, 46 feet long.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55Those stainless steel walls are almost as thin as a razor blade,
0:17:55 > 0:17:59and they hold 60 tonnes of liquid oxygen and 26 tonnes of kerosene.
0:18:00 > 0:18:02After the tank has been made, it's filled with gas
0:18:02 > 0:18:04to stop it from buckling.
0:18:08 > 0:18:14During flight, these engines develop more than 135 tons of thrust,
0:18:14 > 0:18:17equal to the power of 40,000 family cars.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21They have got to punch Blue Streak's full weight of 92 tons
0:18:21 > 0:18:23to a speed of 8,500 miles an hour.
0:18:35 > 0:18:37The countdown has begun.
0:18:37 > 0:18:39The control team is ready, in a block house
0:18:39 > 0:18:42nearly a quarter of a mile from where Blue Streak stands.
0:18:43 > 0:18:45Temperatures, pressures, stresses,
0:18:45 > 0:18:49vibration, the flow of fuel - all are recorded as the hours,
0:18:49 > 0:18:53the minutes, the seconds leave the team with the moment of truth.
0:18:53 > 0:18:55Between Blue Streak and a real take-off now
0:18:55 > 0:18:57are just four steel bolts.
0:19:06 > 0:19:09Blue Streak's days in Cumberland are numbered.
0:19:09 > 0:19:11One day she'll fly,
0:19:11 > 0:19:14one day she'll help put a one tonne satellite in orbit,
0:19:14 > 0:19:18or a 100lb European electronic reporter on the moon itself.
0:19:57 > 0:20:00Lilius Tucker is a school teacher in Great Henwood,
0:20:00 > 0:20:01a village near Shrewsbury.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07Her husband Lawrence is a flight safety observer
0:20:07 > 0:20:08in a navigation school.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11They are both members of a society called the English Westerners,
0:20:11 > 0:20:15which makes a study of Cowboys and Indians in the Old West.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19When the working day is over, the Tuckers go home and don
0:20:19 > 0:20:23the costumes and war paint and the characters of two members
0:20:23 > 0:20:25of the Sioux Red Indian tribe.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37Getting ready takes quite a time.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57Now for the finishing touches, on goes the chief's war bonnet
0:20:57 > 0:21:00and now Qua Shapper and Cumacamita - that's Black Panther
0:21:00 > 0:21:04and Pony-In-The-Smoke to you - sit down to smoke the pipe of peace.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16Cameras are recording part of a change in Britain.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19Today our surroundings, our social life,
0:21:19 > 0:21:22our amusements are changing, and this game is a spectacular
0:21:22 > 0:21:24expression of that change.
0:21:24 > 0:21:25It's only four years since it was
0:21:25 > 0:21:30introduced publicly into Britain, yet its already a national sport.
0:21:30 > 0:21:32It's one of the few in the world where
0:21:32 > 0:21:34equality between the sexes is absolute,
0:21:34 > 0:21:37unless you count darts and shove ha'penny.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39In one year, 10 million games have been played
0:21:39 > 0:21:41by men, women and children.
0:21:41 > 0:21:43In the mixed leagues, women champions
0:21:43 > 0:21:45are now emerging to challenge the men.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48Not superior strength and staying power,
0:21:48 > 0:21:51but personal skill is what sends all those ten pins flying.
0:21:53 > 0:21:57Southend has a big new bowling centre right on its famous pier with
0:21:57 > 0:21:59views all round of the sea and shoreline.
0:21:59 > 0:22:03Already there are 70 major bowling centres in Britain,
0:22:03 > 0:22:06and in another three years, at the present rate of growth,
0:22:06 > 0:22:07there'll be more than 200.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09The bowling centres are searching out those places
0:22:09 > 0:22:11where people have to wait around.
0:22:11 > 0:22:14Several big terminals, such as London Airport,
0:22:14 > 0:22:15already have a bowl
0:22:15 > 0:22:18for the traveller between planes, the local housewives
0:22:18 > 0:22:21and working girls coming off duty, like these ground hostesses.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51Skyport fields one of the best teams in the country.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53It's a game well-suited to keeping one in good shape.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01Another reason for the astonishing spread of this new sport
0:23:01 > 0:23:05is that it arrived in Britain fully grown and highly organised.
0:23:05 > 0:23:07Now everything is automated to pamper the customer.
0:23:08 > 0:23:10Electronic machinery counts the number of games played.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15It sweeps the fallen pins clear,
0:23:15 > 0:23:17resets those left standing,
0:23:17 > 0:23:18and returns the ball to your hand
0:23:18 > 0:23:21with the smoothness and care of a well-trained slave.
0:23:21 > 0:23:23It dries your palm if it's moist,
0:23:23 > 0:23:26and even polishes the bowling lanes all on its own.
0:23:38 > 0:23:41In Britain, there are more than 100,000 ardent jazz fans
0:23:41 > 0:23:43who buy millions of jazz records every year,
0:23:43 > 0:23:45and often travel hundreds of miles
0:23:45 > 0:23:47to listen to their favourite jazz group.
0:23:47 > 0:23:50At this three-day outdoor festival at Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire,
0:23:50 > 0:23:5312 top line bands played to 16,000 people.
0:24:02 > 0:24:07This worldwide beat of jazz can be cool or hot, trad or modern,
0:24:07 > 0:24:09but essentially it's emotional.
0:24:09 > 0:24:14A music that has to be felt, almost to be lived, to be really enjoyed.
0:24:14 > 0:24:17Maybe the early influence of religious music on jazz accounts for this.
0:24:27 > 0:24:30Cleethorpes found their jazz festival so popular, with people
0:24:30 > 0:24:33coming from places as far apart as Cornwall and Inverness,
0:24:33 > 0:24:35that it's now a standing date on the resort's calendar,
0:24:35 > 0:24:36August Bank holiday.
0:24:43 > 0:24:45The word jazz is
0:24:45 > 0:24:48believed to come from the American negro word, jazzbo, or shuffle
0:24:48 > 0:24:52dance, and of the 1,200 jazz clubs throughout Britain, fans either just
0:24:52 > 0:24:54listen to the music or dance to it.
0:24:54 > 0:24:57But most important, jazz is informal.
0:25:11 > 0:25:14It's an atmosphere created by music which affects
0:25:14 > 0:25:16people in different ways.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19Some people, of course, hate it, but it can't be ignored.
0:25:24 > 0:25:26Humphrey Lyttelton, a doyen of post-war Britain jazzmen,
0:25:26 > 0:25:29started playing the trumpet at Eton where he was at school.
0:25:29 > 0:25:31Today Eton has its own jazz group,
0:25:31 > 0:25:33while, for many fans, Humph is the greatest.
0:25:53 > 0:25:56Groups of youngsters like these have teamed together
0:25:56 > 0:25:58with one ambition, to top the hit parade.
0:25:59 > 0:26:02MUSIC: "Dizzy Miss Lizzy" by The Swinging Blue Jeans
0:26:15 > 0:26:16The Cavern at Liverpool,
0:26:16 > 0:26:19this has been the springboard to fame for many groups.
0:26:27 > 0:26:30In Liverpool, there are now more than 300 groups.
0:26:30 > 0:26:33Not many of them will realise all their ambitions,
0:26:33 > 0:26:34but here's one group that's broken through
0:26:34 > 0:26:37the show business barrier, soaring into the hit parade,
0:26:37 > 0:26:39The Swinging Blue Jeans.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42# For goodness' sakes
0:26:42 > 0:26:44# I got the hippy hippy shakes
0:26:44 > 0:26:47# Yeah, I've got the shakes
0:26:48 > 0:26:50# I got the hippy hippy shakes. #
0:26:52 > 0:26:53It's not only Liverpool.
0:26:53 > 0:26:56In London, and all over the country there are clubs and ballrooms
0:26:56 > 0:26:58where the youngsters can do what they like,
0:26:58 > 0:27:00dress as they like, dance as they like.
0:27:02 > 0:27:06Some estimates put the total number of beat groups at more than 25,000,
0:27:06 > 0:27:07all producing the sort of sound
0:27:07 > 0:27:10that has revolutionised the music industry.
0:27:11 > 0:27:14It's strange that in this modern form of dancing, it's usually
0:27:14 > 0:27:16the girls that like to dance, the boys to watch.
0:27:22 > 0:27:27MUSIC: "Long Tall Sally" by The Swinging Blue Jeans
0:28:13 > 0:28:15Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd