0:00:02 > 0:00:05Pubs have been at the heart of Britain for hundreds of years.
0:00:05 > 0:00:06Cheers!
0:00:06 > 0:00:08- In city taverns... - ..and village inns.
0:00:08 > 0:00:12'Landlords have pulled pints for locals, travellers...'
0:00:12 > 0:00:15and, well, the odd king or two. Meself included
0:00:15 > 0:00:18Try and have a drink now.
0:00:18 > 0:00:20Oh!
0:00:20 > 0:00:25But with 30 pubs closing every week, our historic taverns need defending.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27Step. Step.
0:00:27 > 0:00:32We're heading out to discover amazing stories linked to the nation's watering holes.
0:00:32 > 0:00:34- Not far to go.- How far?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36- Oh, a couple of miles.- What?!
0:00:36 > 0:00:38'From the Wars of the Roses...'
0:00:38 > 0:00:40..to shipbuilding on the Clyde,
0:00:40 > 0:00:44we've ditched our bikes so that we can sample an ale or two.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46Get in!
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- This is very good. - LAUGHTER
0:00:48 > 0:00:50'So join us for...'
0:00:55 > 0:00:58MUSIC: Step On by Happy Mondays
0:01:01 > 0:01:02Manchester -
0:01:02 > 0:01:05home of Liam Gallagher, Shaun Ryder
0:01:05 > 0:01:07and a whole load of other mouthy Mancs.
0:01:07 > 0:01:09# You're twisting my melon, man... #
0:01:09 > 0:01:13But being gobby around here is a tradition dating back to
0:01:13 > 0:01:15the city's harsh industrial past.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22And today we're visiting the pubs where exploited cotton mill workers
0:01:22 > 0:01:26in the 19th century put their miserable world to rights
0:01:26 > 0:01:28and shouted for change.
0:01:28 > 0:01:31# Call the cops... #
0:01:31 > 0:01:34What do we want? We want change. When do we want it?
0:01:34 > 0:01:37Now! What do we want? We want change.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39When do want it? Now!
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Whoa, easy, tiger. We're not in the 1800s now, you know.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44No, mate, you're right, we're not,
0:01:44 > 0:01:47because if we had've been in the 1800s,
0:01:47 > 0:01:50we would have been arrested for protesting like this, you know.
0:01:50 > 0:01:54Which is precisely why political plots were hatched in the boozer.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00We're heading back to the early 1800s,
0:02:00 > 0:02:04when across Britain the Industrial Revolution was in full swing.
0:02:06 > 0:02:10The nation's cities were heaving with people who'd flocked there
0:02:10 > 0:02:12to work in these new heavy industries.
0:02:12 > 0:02:14And in Manchester cotton was king,
0:02:14 > 0:02:17which explains the nickname Cottonopolis.
0:02:21 > 0:02:26Here, pubs like the Olde Boar's Head were packed to the gunnels with factory workers.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31But these folks weren't just after a quiet pint.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33They were thirsty for political change.
0:02:39 > 0:02:40Ah, The Olde Boar's Head!
0:02:40 > 0:02:44I hear that this ancient inn has played host to the odd royal
0:02:44 > 0:02:46- and even Dick Turpin.- Has it?
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Well, we should fit right in there, then, mate,
0:02:48 > 0:02:52I can see ourselves as highwaymen, robbing the rich to save the poor.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55No, mate, no, no, no, that was Robin Hood.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Dick Turpin was in fact a mercenary who got hanged for horse theft.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01- Really?- Aye.- Well, let's stick to the day jobs, then, eh?
0:03:01 > 0:03:03- Pint?- I think.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11The Olde Boar's Head is in Middleton on the northern edge of the city
0:03:11 > 0:03:14and is one of Manchester's oldest boozers.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21It was also the regular meeting place for a group of
0:03:21 > 0:03:24political activists known as the Hampden Reform Club,
0:03:24 > 0:03:27led by a man called Sam Bamford.
0:03:29 > 0:03:33'Historian Jonathan Schofield has come to the pub to tell us more.'
0:03:33 > 0:03:37- Just the man.- Hello.- Jonathan, hi. How are you? Very nice to meet you.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39- Hello, Jonathan.- Nice to see you.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42This is a fantastic pub. Can you tell us all about it?
0:03:42 > 0:03:44Well, the front part of the building is the ancient part of
0:03:44 > 0:03:47the building and these would have originally been cottages.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50But by the 1600s it becomes a boozer
0:03:50 > 0:03:52and then later on it gets an extra string to its bow
0:03:52 > 0:03:55when it becomes a court, which is a sessions court,
0:03:55 > 0:03:57which is very appropriate for a pub, I think,
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- cos it's nice to have a nice session in a pub.- Hey-hey!
0:04:00 > 0:04:02The irony of this is that, of course,
0:04:02 > 0:04:04it was held as a place of justice,
0:04:04 > 0:04:08but also that it should later on then become a centre of
0:04:08 > 0:04:11dissent and radicalism, when a man called Sam Bamford
0:04:11 > 0:04:16used to come and drink in here and talk about libertarian values.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19Yes, because at that time political protest was being,
0:04:19 > 0:04:22was being quashed, wasn't it? So what was he fighting for?
0:04:22 > 0:04:24What they wanted, from
0:04:24 > 0:04:27all the way in the early part of the 19th century
0:04:27 > 0:04:29and a little bit at the end of the 18th century,
0:04:29 > 0:04:31was simply representation, because
0:04:31 > 0:04:34during times of distress there was nobody to talk to around here,
0:04:34 > 0:04:38cos you didn't have a member of Parliament, you couldn't go to London with any distress,
0:04:38 > 0:04:40- so you wanted universal suffrage, a vote for everybody.- Yes.
0:04:40 > 0:04:43And you wanted a member of Parliament, to represent you,
0:04:43 > 0:04:46so they would meet in here and talk about these ideas.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51Pubs like The Olde Boar's Head became a magnet for
0:04:51 > 0:04:55the workers of over 100 mills when Manchester was at its peak.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02Manchester by the 1830s was probably responsible for 50% of all British exports.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- Wow!- And that's why the whole city became known as Cottonopolis.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10Wow. So Cottonopolis in essence, then, changed the whole fabric of Manchester society.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13That's the best joke I've ever heard about cotton, well done.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15- Nice pun, Kingy. Slipped out. - That's wonderful, that is.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19Yeah, yeah, I think they used cotton as a material for reform.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- But the...- Oooh!- We're getting there!- Good, this, innit?
0:05:23 > 0:05:26- He doesn't lose his thread, does he, that one?- Hey-hey!
0:05:27 > 0:05:30Joking aside, conditions in the mills were appalling.
0:05:30 > 0:05:32Working hours were unregulated,
0:05:32 > 0:05:34serious accidents were commonplace
0:05:34 > 0:05:38and wages were as low as three shillings a week.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43But it's obvious from this that change was necessary.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45Oh, absolutely. Samuel Bamford knew that,
0:05:45 > 0:05:47so he would meet in this pub, with his radicals.
0:05:47 > 0:05:51This was happening all across, and not just in Lancashire but across the country.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53It was just focused in Lancashire because there was this quite
0:05:53 > 0:05:55intellectual group of working people
0:05:55 > 0:05:57who would meet and think these things.
0:05:58 > 0:06:00It was no easy job, though.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03The ruling classes were determined to stamp out these pub politics.
0:06:05 > 0:06:08Bamford's band was becoming a real threat to the establishment.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12But as common workers became more politically aware,
0:06:12 > 0:06:14change was on the horizon.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20What's fascinating about it is they were fighting for fundamental rights
0:06:20 > 0:06:22- like, you know, a ten-hour working day.- Yeah.
0:06:22 > 0:06:26So if they're fighting for a ten-hour working day, how long did they work?
0:06:26 > 0:06:29- 12, 14, 16, 18 hours sometimes in the- mills. Exactly.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32So they were absolute just basic humanitarian rights
0:06:32 > 0:06:34that working class people were asking for
0:06:34 > 0:06:37- and the landowners...- In fact, it goes deeper than that.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40They're actually fighting for something more basic. Respect,
0:06:40 > 0:06:43dignity, all those things. And those come from
0:06:43 > 0:06:45- if you feel you've got some power through democratic vote.- Yes.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48But they weren't there to do anything
0:06:48 > 0:06:51but protest the injustice of the system at the time.
0:06:54 > 0:06:57On the 16th of August 1819,
0:06:57 > 0:07:01a terrible event would transform the political landscape.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05Sam Bamford and his followers from the Olde Boar's Head
0:07:05 > 0:07:09joined a peaceful protest at St Peter's Fields.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15Around 80,000 demonstrators illegally gathered,
0:07:15 > 0:07:18but things soon spiralled out of control.
0:07:18 > 0:07:22The authorities sent in sword-wielding cavalry
0:07:22 > 0:07:25in what became known as the Peterloo Massacre.
0:07:27 > 0:07:31Around 600 were injured and 15 killed.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37Bamford was arrested for, "Assembling with unlawful banners
0:07:37 > 0:07:41"at an unlawful meeting for the purpose of inciting discontent."
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Phew!
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Easy for you to say, mucker!
0:07:44 > 0:07:46After a year in jail,
0:07:46 > 0:07:49he turned his attention to writing political songs.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54And Jennifer Reid is keeping these broadside ballads alive.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57- Jennifer. Hello, I'm Si. - Nice to meet you.
0:07:57 > 0:08:00- Nice to meet you. How are you? - Lovely to meet you. How are you?
0:08:00 > 0:08:03Now, Jennifer, you're a musician.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07- Mm-hmm.- Can you tell us the sort of music
0:08:07 > 0:08:10and what would have gone on in Bamford's time in this pub?
0:08:10 > 0:08:12In, like, the 1800s there was
0:08:12 > 0:08:16a strong tradition of broadside ballads, so this is a tract,
0:08:16 > 0:08:20printed on a cheap piece of paper, usually from pushed ends of cotton,
0:08:20 > 0:08:22- because paper wasn't readily available.- Right.
0:08:22 > 0:08:24So they'd have to make their own paper,
0:08:24 > 0:08:26and then these were written without tunes on the paper
0:08:26 > 0:08:29and then you could buy a separate book of tunes, but that was
0:08:29 > 0:08:32generated later on, so usually people would just make them up.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34So, in the pubs specifically, they would paste up these ballads,
0:08:34 > 0:08:37these broadsheets, paste them up on the wall so that the whole
0:08:37 > 0:08:41community could learn the words to the ballad, and then the next time
0:08:41 > 0:08:44it was sung, when everyone was quite merry, then everyone could join in.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47So how important were the broadside ballads
0:08:47 > 0:08:48in spreading the political message?
0:08:48 > 0:08:52They were the main transfer of information between the 16th and 19th centuries,
0:08:52 > 0:08:55but their heyday was in the 17th when news as an item
0:08:55 > 0:08:57became more prevalent in people's lives.
0:08:57 > 0:09:01People really started to understand that they could shape politics
0:09:01 > 0:09:02and they were involved.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05All Sam Bamford's poems were really rooted politically
0:09:05 > 0:09:08and I think that's very interesting about his character.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12The brutality and injustice of Peterloo
0:09:12 > 0:09:16inspired broadside ballads by Bamford and other activists.
0:09:18 > 0:09:21They were sung in pubs the length and breadth of England,
0:09:21 > 0:09:24and Jennifer's still singing them to this day.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Here, Kingy, I think there's a chance we can travel back in time now.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30I think so. Jennifer will you sing us a song?
0:09:30 > 0:09:32Yes, I'll sing you Peterloo by Harvey Kershaw,
0:09:32 > 0:09:34a famous dialect poet from Rochdale.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37- Fantastic, thank you.- I think we should take our seats, mate. Lovely.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42# In Peter's Field in Manchester
0:09:42 > 0:09:46# In year 1-8-1-9
0:09:46 > 0:09:50# When cotton folk of Lancashire
0:09:50 > 0:09:54# In protest did combine
0:09:54 > 0:09:58# Corn laws had brought their crippling tax
0:09:58 > 0:10:02# And price of food near broke folks' backs
0:10:04 > 0:10:08# And set alight the smouldering flax
0:10:08 > 0:10:12# And bristled many a spine
0:10:12 > 0:10:16# Salute once more these men of yore
0:10:16 > 0:10:19# Who were to conscience true
0:10:19 > 0:10:23# And give their blood for common good
0:10:23 > 0:10:27# On field of Peterloo. #
0:10:27 > 0:10:29- Fantastic.- Brilliant.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31That was fantastic.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34By goodness me, that's a rousing song.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37- It sends a tingle up your spine, doesn't it?- It does, it does.
0:10:40 > 0:10:42Pub singsongs spreading the political message?
0:10:42 > 0:10:45I think that's fantastic.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48Now, don't go getting any ideas, Kingy.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51I've heard you singing after a few pints and it's not pretty!
0:10:56 > 0:11:01That's fascinating stuff, Kingy. I mean, riots, rights and pubs.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04And, by the way, do you know where the phrase "to read the Riot Act" comes from?
0:11:04 > 0:11:06I do not, mate, no.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08In 1718, the Riot Act was passed,
0:11:08 > 0:11:11which forbid meetings of more than 12 people from taking place.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14But where does the reading bit come from, though, mate?
0:11:14 > 0:11:16Ah, you see, the magistrate would turn up at the meeting,
0:11:16 > 0:11:18read them the Riot Act,
0:11:18 > 0:11:21and if you didn't budge, you got three years in jail.
0:11:21 > 0:11:22- That's a bit harsh, isn't it?- Aye.
0:11:26 > 0:11:27And that's not the only bit
0:11:27 > 0:11:29of pub trivia up our sleeves.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32Pub signs are full of fascinating facts, too,
0:11:32 > 0:11:35and here are three of our Manchester faves.
0:11:38 > 0:11:42The Sir Ralph Abercromby stands on the site of St Peter's Fields,
0:11:42 > 0:11:46and is one of the few surviving buildings from the time of the massacre.
0:11:48 > 0:11:52Unlike its namesake, a famous British Army general
0:11:52 > 0:11:54who died in 1801 in battle against the French.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58Oops. Better not order a glass of Bordeaux here, then.
0:12:00 > 0:12:05In a previous life, The Britons Protection was a recruitment centre for military service.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11Oh, a few too many pints and you'd be fighting for King and Country.
0:12:14 > 0:12:19And did you know The Peveril Of The Peak shares its name with a Sir Walter Scott novel?
0:12:20 > 0:12:24This Grade II-listed boozer's also a star of stage and screen.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28It's appeared in Corrie, Cracker and The X Factor.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31More famous than us, then!
0:12:35 > 0:12:38We're back on Manchester's mean streets
0:12:38 > 0:12:43to discover just how tough life was in 19th-century Cottonopolis.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46And how the local pubs were keen to keep up.
0:12:47 > 0:12:51Well, there may not have been a limit to the amount of hours that you could work,
0:12:51 > 0:12:54but did you realise that pubs could be open up to 18 hours a day?
0:12:54 > 0:12:57I didn't actually, Dave, but that's no surprise given the booming population,
0:12:57 > 0:13:01and a load of thirsty punters. You know what I think I might do?
0:13:01 > 0:13:03Go and find out what they were actually drinking.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05- MANCHESTER ACCENT:- Nice job.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08Well, I'm going to go back in time, to find out what was happening
0:13:08 > 0:13:10on the streets. I'm mad for it, me. Banging.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13Is that the best Mancunian accent you can do?
0:13:13 > 0:13:14It's not bad.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17MUSIC: Fools Gold by The Stone Roses
0:13:18 > 0:13:19Keep it real, mucker.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23I'm off to visit a brewery to find out more about the beer
0:13:23 > 0:13:26the working man would've been supping in the 1800s.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31And I'm hitting the streets of old Cottonopolis,
0:13:31 > 0:13:34where I'm hoping historian Suzanne Hindle
0:13:34 > 0:13:37can weave me a picture of life back then.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40- Hello, Suzanne.- Hi, Dave. - It's Dave, hello.
0:13:40 > 0:13:42- How are you? - I'm very well. Where are we?
0:13:42 > 0:13:44This is Ancoats.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48This is where the heartland of industrial Manchester, it was,
0:13:48 > 0:13:50so this was the mill district of the city.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53And what was life like in those days for the workers?
0:13:53 > 0:13:55It was difficult. I mean, Manchester in about 1801,
0:13:55 > 0:13:58the population of the city was something like 70,000.
0:13:58 > 0:14:02By about 1851 that would double to something like 300,000,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05so lots of people moving into the city.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07So you had people who were looking for work,
0:14:07 > 0:14:10so coming out from the countryside, wanting to get that,
0:14:10 > 0:14:13the sort of bright eyes and the big city, and work in those mills.
0:14:13 > 0:14:18Yes, yes. Did the working-class people have any leisure time and what did they do with it?
0:14:18 > 0:14:20Remember you're in those mills for many, many hours.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23However, there was the demon drink, of course,
0:14:23 > 0:14:25and pubs were open long hours.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28There was a pub on every corner of these working-class districts.
0:14:28 > 0:14:33That lure of drink was everywhere around us to spend your money.
0:14:35 > 0:14:37'The pubs split opinion.
0:14:37 > 0:14:41'Some viewed them as a perfectly acceptable escape for workers,
0:14:41 > 0:14:43'others saw them as a scourge.
0:14:43 > 0:14:47'What can't be disputed is the poverty in the area.
0:14:49 > 0:14:51'This building, ironically now a pub,'
0:14:51 > 0:14:55was a mission, providing refuge for the needy.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13So why was there a mission here?
0:15:13 > 0:15:17There was a mission because this was a really, really poor area.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19- Ragamuffins.- Ragamuffins!- Aw!
0:15:19 > 0:15:23Look at them with their clogs on. Poor children, with nothing.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25In here, this is where they prepared the food,
0:15:25 > 0:15:28and you would have gone through here, through a corridor,
0:15:28 > 0:15:31and it would have led you into a night shelter and they would
0:15:31 > 0:15:35have slept on the floor, and they would've been given meals as well.
0:15:35 > 0:15:36- Right.- And clothes and clogs.
0:15:36 > 0:15:39We've got some books that I can tell you a little bit about
0:15:39 > 0:15:42why it was needed and what the area was like at the time,
0:15:42 > 0:15:46so this is a book called Ten Years In The Slums by Alfred Alsop,
0:15:46 > 0:15:50our philanthropist, and he describes that the three curses of the city
0:15:50 > 0:15:52are gin shops, pawn shops and brothels.
0:15:52 > 0:15:55So he describes particularly the pubs in the area,
0:15:55 > 0:15:59which he describes as "flaring gilded palaces of Bacchus".
0:15:59 > 0:16:02Those would be the gin palaces, obviously.
0:16:02 > 0:16:06They're found on every corner with this crowd of "ragged worshipers",
0:16:06 > 0:16:08he describes people who come into the pubs,
0:16:08 > 0:16:11and he describes the landlord as "the chief priest".
0:16:13 > 0:16:16So what did the government do to sort out the gin problem?
0:16:16 > 0:16:19Well, they hiked up taxes on the spirit and made it easier
0:16:19 > 0:16:24to brew ale and, hey, presto, we became a beer-drinking nation...
0:16:30 > 0:16:32..which is why I've come to Robinsons.
0:16:32 > 0:16:38They've been making beer and running pubs in Manchester for over 175 years.
0:16:44 > 0:16:47- Watch your head. - Thanks. Thank you.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49Wow, Oliver. What a great building.
0:16:49 > 0:16:53So, look, tell me about Robinsons Brewery and the family history.
0:16:53 > 0:16:55Well, I'm sixth generation of the Robinson family and,
0:16:55 > 0:16:58it was actually my great-great-great grandfather
0:16:58 > 0:17:02who decided to start running a pub in 1826.
0:17:02 > 0:17:05He actually ran that until 1850,
0:17:05 > 0:17:07and really that's where it started. I think in those days
0:17:07 > 0:17:11most pubs brewed their own beer, and, you know, it grew from there,
0:17:11 > 0:17:14that's where it all started, going back to 1826.
0:17:14 > 0:17:17So, what was the drinking culture at the time
0:17:17 > 0:17:19when William, your ancestor, decided,
0:17:19 > 0:17:23"Right, I'm going to buy a pub and I'm going to brew some beer"?
0:17:23 > 0:17:25A lot of people drank gin,
0:17:25 > 0:17:28and certainly a lot of the poor people drank gin as well,
0:17:28 > 0:17:32and going out to the factories, they were going in drunk,
0:17:32 > 0:17:34when in actual fact the employers wanted people who were sober.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38And, it was going back really into the 1850s, if you have
0:17:38 > 0:17:41and can produce something like beer at a lower strength,
0:17:41 > 0:17:44people could still drink and have an enjoyable time,
0:17:44 > 0:17:47but perhaps they were a bit more sober to work the following day.
0:17:48 > 0:17:52These days Robinsons Brewery owns over 300 pubs
0:17:52 > 0:17:55and brews over 13 million pints a year.
0:17:55 > 0:17:59To think it all started with one little public house
0:17:59 > 0:18:03in the town of Stockport, just outside Manchester.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06Can we make a comparison, then, between
0:18:06 > 0:18:10the beers that we drink now and the beers that they drank then?
0:18:10 > 0:18:14Is there a massive difference or are they pretty similar?
0:18:14 > 0:18:18From a brewing process, not at all. You know, there are four core ingredients in beer.
0:18:18 > 0:18:22You've got your water, you've got your malt, you've got your hops and you've got your yeast.
0:18:22 > 0:18:23That's not changed over hundreds of years.
0:18:23 > 0:18:28Now, all this talk about pubs and brewing is all well and good...
0:18:28 > 0:18:31- Made you thirsty.- I am. I would slightly like to wet me whistle.
0:18:31 > 0:18:35- Let's go to the fermenting room and try some wort.- I'll follow you.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40This batch of lovely liquid is called the wort.
0:18:41 > 0:18:45'And, no, I'm not going fishing, I'm sampling a batch.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47'It hasn't finished fermenting yet
0:18:47 > 0:18:52'and still contains the sugar that will eventually turn to alcohol.'
0:18:52 > 0:18:55It's only been fermenting for about sort of three days.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58It's going to be in here for about another three days,
0:18:58 > 0:19:00so it's going to be quite... Throw that back in.
0:19:05 > 0:19:07It smells fantastic, to be fair.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10So there's still a nice sweetness on there.
0:19:13 > 0:19:16You can feel this wortiness on the back of the palate.
0:19:17 > 0:19:19Throw that back in.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21Pop the glass there, I don't want that falling in.
0:19:21 > 0:19:26' "Wortiness." I've never heard that one before, but I like it.'
0:19:26 > 0:19:28Oliver, this is fascinating.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31So, another three days, and that'll be close to the final product, then.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33Be ready, yeah.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36'And here's some Oliver prepared earlier.
0:19:36 > 0:19:38'Three days earlier, to be precise.'
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- Oh, fantastic.- There you are.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46Thank you so very, very much.
0:19:46 > 0:19:48- Look at that.- Cheers. - Cheers. Your very good health.
0:19:48 > 0:19:51It was a great pleasure to show you round the brewery.
0:19:51 > 0:19:54Well, it's been a great pleasure to be in receipt of it. Thank you.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57'And you know what great beers go hand-in-hand with?
0:19:57 > 0:19:59'Great boozers!'
0:20:00 > 0:20:03But pubs would be nothing without their passionate punters,
0:20:03 > 0:20:07so let's meet some locals who love their local,
0:20:07 > 0:20:10so much so that they bought the place!
0:20:13 > 0:20:16The Star Inn is a traditional backstreet boozer.
0:20:16 > 0:20:21It's been serving the people of Salford since 1856.
0:20:22 > 0:20:27In 2009 this band of loyal locals saved it from certain closure
0:20:27 > 0:20:31by clubbing together to buy the freehold and form a cooperative.
0:20:33 > 0:20:37A bold and brilliant venture Jim, here, was part of.
0:20:39 > 0:20:42Since about 1975 I've been coming here,
0:20:42 > 0:20:44since I was a student.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47It's got a very strong sense of community,
0:20:47 > 0:20:50probably even more so now that we've all bought it.
0:20:50 > 0:20:55When we heard it was up for sale three or four people decided to
0:20:55 > 0:21:00call a meeting to see whether there was any enthusiasm to save the pub.
0:21:00 > 0:21:01The place was packed out.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04People pledged money to bid at the auction.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11'And what a nerve-racking experience that was.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14'None of them had been to a property auction before.'
0:21:14 > 0:21:15'But guess what?
0:21:15 > 0:21:18'One tip of the hat and it was theirs for 80 grand.
0:21:18 > 0:21:20'Genius!'
0:21:21 > 0:21:25'Once theirs, the lasses, including Lorraine, were keen to fix
0:21:25 > 0:21:30'a long-standing issue of gender inequality as a matter of urgency.'
0:21:30 > 0:21:32The ladies' toilets are outside.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36It was the top priority to bring the ladies' toilets indoors,
0:21:36 > 0:21:40so we didn't have to trek out across the yard in winter, and
0:21:40 > 0:21:44we raised enough money to be able to bring the ladies' toilets inside.
0:21:44 > 0:21:49Ah, relief! The ladies loos are re-LOO-cated!
0:21:50 > 0:21:53Aye, and The Star Inn is, well, shooting for the stars.
0:21:53 > 0:21:56Hopefully it's got a bright future.
0:21:56 > 0:22:00Pubs are generally the centre of the community.
0:22:00 > 0:22:04It is where people from different walks of life come and meet and
0:22:04 > 0:22:08they wouldn't...their paths wouldn't cross unless they came to the pub.
0:22:14 > 0:22:20Manchester's locals have a long tradition of supporting the punters they serve.
0:22:20 > 0:22:23And this was especially true in the 1800s when there was
0:22:23 > 0:22:27little government help for people who fell on hard times.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31So once again Mancunians got it together...
0:22:31 > 0:22:33..down the boozer!
0:22:34 > 0:22:35The Kings Arms.
0:22:35 > 0:22:39You know, there are over 200 pubs in Britain that bear that name.
0:22:39 > 0:22:42But this Kings Arms is all about the common man.
0:22:42 > 0:22:44Yes, and I do hear, it's very...
0:22:44 > 0:22:46BOTH: Friendly.
0:22:49 > 0:22:53'The Kings Arms in Salford has been a pillar of the community
0:22:53 > 0:22:56'and a haunt for local groups since 1807.'
0:22:56 > 0:23:00'Aye, and one group, The Salford Friendly Anglers Society,
0:23:00 > 0:23:04'has been meeting here for over a century.
0:23:04 > 0:23:07'We're here to meet Adam, to find out what on earth
0:23:07 > 0:23:09'a Friendly Society is when it's at home.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12'Or, indeed, when it's down the pub.'
0:23:12 > 0:23:15- Hiya, how are you?- Good to meet you, thank you very much.
0:23:15 > 0:23:17- Good to meet you, lad. - Good to meet you, Dave.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19Thanks for coming to see us, that's brilliant.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22So this pub is the meeting place of the Salford Friendly Anglers Society.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25That's right, it has been since the 1890s.
0:23:25 > 0:23:29Can I ask you a question? What is a Friendly Society?
0:23:29 > 0:23:30It's about people coming together
0:23:30 > 0:23:35and providing a bit of financial security, in case of problems,
0:23:35 > 0:23:39and also sharing a common passion, a common interest,
0:23:39 > 0:23:42and having a focus point for that.
0:23:42 > 0:23:46So in a practical way, how does the Friendly Society help people?
0:23:46 > 0:23:48Well, back in the 19th century, you know,
0:23:48 > 0:23:50we didn't have a welfare state,
0:23:50 > 0:23:54so, one of the key roles of the Friendly Societies
0:23:54 > 0:23:57was to be like this financial security net for people.
0:23:57 > 0:24:00There was two parts, there was an angling club
0:24:00 > 0:24:02and then there was a sick club.
0:24:02 > 0:24:04Been a member of the angling club for 12 months,
0:24:04 > 0:24:07you're part of that community, you can then join the sick club.
0:24:07 > 0:24:09In the event of your death -
0:24:09 > 0:24:14which in those days, Salford, life expectancy round here was 37.
0:24:14 > 0:24:15- Gosh!- Wow!- So if you died,
0:24:15 > 0:24:19then there was a levy of one shilling on all the other members,
0:24:19 > 0:24:22which would then go to your widow, your children, your next of kin,
0:24:22 > 0:24:24so they had that safety net.
0:24:24 > 0:24:27So what did the pub have to do with it, then, Adam?
0:24:27 > 0:24:28One, as a meeting place.
0:24:28 > 0:24:33- Secondly, landlords, they were pillars of the community.- Yes.
0:24:33 > 0:24:36- Think back in those days, Victorian times...- Yes.- Yes.
0:24:36 > 0:24:39..you needed someone you could trust so you've got people chipping in the
0:24:39 > 0:24:43money, the landlord would look after that, and you had a safe centre of
0:24:43 > 0:24:47the community where they would look after the money, they would bank it
0:24:47 > 0:24:50and then when money needed paying out, they'd pay it out for you.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53It's amazing, isn't it, that from pubs, when there was a social need,
0:24:53 > 0:24:58from pubs, people met, realised that there was that need,
0:24:58 > 0:25:01and then kind of reacted to it and that's just fabulous.
0:25:01 > 0:25:04So the Anglers, still going, it's still going strong,
0:25:04 > 0:25:07so, how do you benefit your members now?
0:25:07 > 0:25:09What we do is we work with
0:25:09 > 0:25:12a whole range of stakeholders, community groups.
0:25:12 > 0:25:13It's about getting people involved.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16Cross-generational from old people right down to kids.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19We're working on some National Lottery funding at the moment,
0:25:19 > 0:25:24so that we can get kids into their wellies, into the river with a net,
0:25:24 > 0:25:27and find out actually what's in there and start to take ownership
0:25:27 > 0:25:31of their river and enjoy it, so it's not just seen as a dumping ground,
0:25:31 > 0:25:34but something that we can be proud of here in Manchester.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37It's wonderful, I think, that the pubs still play a big part in this.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40You know, the pubs promote camaraderie, talk,
0:25:40 > 0:25:42friendship, caring for one another.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46I'll drink to that!
0:25:47 > 0:25:49But it's not just anglers,
0:25:49 > 0:25:52this pub's been a meeting place for all sorts.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55From the North Of England Irish Terrier Club,
0:25:55 > 0:25:57to a sword dancing group!
0:26:00 > 0:26:04The Kings Arms knitters get together here every Monday night.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09Knitting down the boozer? That sounds like a laugh.
0:26:09 > 0:26:13Yeah, Kingy, it'll have you in stitches, all right!
0:26:13 > 0:26:17Lindsey Boothman and her band of merry knitters love it down here.
0:26:19 > 0:26:20- ALL:- Hello.
0:26:20 > 0:26:22- Hello. How are you all?- Good.
0:26:22 > 0:26:24Oh, look, it's knitting.
0:26:24 > 0:26:25I love knitting.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28- And we've got some for you to do. - Have you?- Oh, champion.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31So what is it you like about this pub?
0:26:31 > 0:26:33What is it that you like about knitting, more to the point?!
0:26:33 > 0:26:35Oh, knitting's brilliant.
0:26:35 > 0:26:38I mean, you have good company, you have a pastime, a hobby
0:26:38 > 0:26:40and then you can wear it.
0:26:40 > 0:26:42It's amazing, though, that you guys come to the local pub
0:26:42 > 0:26:45and is this your way of kind of supporting the local community?
0:26:45 > 0:26:48I mean, it's a bit of a solitary pastime, knitting.
0:26:48 > 0:26:51- Of course!- You sit at home, you do your knitting
0:26:51 > 0:26:53and you're on your own, but if you come out,
0:26:53 > 0:26:55you get to meet other knitters.
0:26:55 > 0:26:58Whether you're an expert knitter like me,
0:26:58 > 0:27:02or a novice like Kingy, everybody's welcome.
0:27:02 > 0:27:05What is it you love about this pub?
0:27:05 > 0:27:08It's a fantastic pub. There are so many, so many groups meet here.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11We meet on a Monday night, you've got a wine club meeting tonight,
0:27:11 > 0:27:13there are theatre spaces upstairs,
0:27:13 > 0:27:15it's just a really good community space.
0:27:15 > 0:27:18But I think it's nice, isn't it, because we begin to live,
0:27:18 > 0:27:21in the modern world, insular lives, don't we?
0:27:21 > 0:27:23And it's great to be able to get out, do what you do,
0:27:23 > 0:27:25and just sit and just have a craic.
0:27:25 > 0:27:28It's about having a chat with each other and meeting folk, isn't it?
0:27:28 > 0:27:30And that's what the pub's good at.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34Do you know, I think this pub sums up a lot of things I love about pubs.
0:27:34 > 0:27:36It's a completely level, egalitarian pub, isn't it?
0:27:36 > 0:27:39Doesn't matter who you are, there's something for you.
0:27:39 > 0:27:43And once you're here, you're part of a family, you never need to
0:27:43 > 0:27:45be alone when you've got a pub like this round the corner.
0:27:45 > 0:27:48And I think that's a service the pub has been providing
0:27:48 > 0:27:52for a thousand years in this country. And I'm very proud of that.
0:27:52 > 0:27:55MUSIC: Roll With It by Oasis
0:27:59 > 0:28:01Well said, mucker,
0:28:01 > 0:28:05and it certainly tightly knits the loose ends of our pub crawl.
0:28:05 > 0:28:09From politics and protests to pulling together,
0:28:09 > 0:28:13Manchester's boozers are all about the people.
0:28:16 > 0:28:19- Interesting pub fact.- What?
0:28:19 > 0:28:22The longest scarf ever made was knitted in Oslo
0:28:22 > 0:28:29and it came in at a whopping, 4,565.46 metres.
0:28:29 > 0:28:33- Really?- Yes.- How long did it take?
0:28:34 > 0:28:36Well, as long as it took.
0:28:37 > 0:28:38Dropped a stitch here.
0:28:38 > 0:28:43# I think I've got a feeling I'm lost inside
0:28:43 > 0:28:46# I think I've got a feeling I'm lost inside
0:28:46 > 0:28:50# I think I've got a feeling I'm lost inside. #