0:00:03 > 0:00:06In the 1950s, the famous newsreel company Pathe
0:00:06 > 0:00:10produced a major historical documentary series
0:00:10 > 0:00:11for British television.
0:00:13 > 0:00:18Made by the award-winning producer Peter Baylis and narrated by a line-up of celebrated actors,
0:00:18 > 0:00:21Time To Remember chronicled the social, cultural
0:00:21 > 0:00:25and political forces that shaped the first half of the 20th century.
0:00:27 > 0:00:32The two world wars are a central presence in the series.
0:00:32 > 0:00:36The human cost of those conflicts features in several episodes.
0:00:36 > 0:00:42The sacrifices made offer a humbling picture of a forbidding era.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# We don't want to lose you
0:00:51 > 0:00:55# But we think you ought to go
0:00:55 > 0:01:00# For your king and your country
0:01:04 > 0:01:07# We shall want you and miss you. #
0:01:07 > 0:01:14Things, faces, friends, places, years and moments half forgotten.
0:01:14 > 0:01:20Laughs, fears, songs, tears - memories are made of this.
0:01:43 > 0:01:48In 1914, the people of Britain were enjoying a relatively peaceful and prosperous time.
0:01:48 > 0:01:54The Boer War had ended more than a decade earlier and the Empire still extended around the globe.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59The conflict and devastation of the next 30 years, which would place millions in harm's way,
0:01:59 > 0:02:04would have been almost unimaginable to those enjoying afternoons at the races
0:02:04 > 0:02:07and their long, lazy days at the seaside.
0:02:07 > 0:02:13I remember a time when the sun was hot and the last thing to think about was the winter.
0:02:13 > 0:02:19White flannels, blazers, boating and all the other pleasures of a blazing August.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Yet even while people were enjoying them all,
0:02:23 > 0:02:26grey ships were stealing into their war base at Scapa Flow,
0:02:26 > 0:02:31instead of returning to home ports after the summer exercises.
0:02:34 > 0:02:39A peacetime when the British Navy was brought to battle readiness, as though in war,
0:02:39 > 0:02:43because a far-sighted First Lord of the Admiralty thought it ought to be.
0:02:43 > 0:02:47And in his foresight, Winston Spencer Churchill was right.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52For this was 1914,
0:02:52 > 0:02:54and the eve of Armageddon.
0:02:57 > 0:03:01The world was about to plunge into the deadliest conflict it had ever seen.
0:03:03 > 0:03:08Britain declared war on Kaiser Wilhelm's Germany to defend neutral Belgium.
0:03:08 > 0:03:12The world's great powers would be locked in combat for four bloody years.
0:03:15 > 0:03:20Britain is an island and that has always made her different, alone and secure.
0:03:23 > 0:03:28All the same, 1914 saw some pretty fast trench-digging along the coasts,
0:03:28 > 0:03:33as people remarked, "Anyone would think the Kaiser was going to invade."
0:03:33 > 0:03:35Different, alone and secure.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39Yet not for the first time in history and not for last,
0:03:39 > 0:03:43Britain sent her best to fight Europe's battles overseas.
0:03:43 > 0:03:48Within hours, the British Expeditionary Force was on its way.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52The BEF, later to be called the Old Contemptible,
0:03:52 > 0:03:57from a derogatory remark thrown out by the Kaiser himself.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00Off they went to what?
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Another brush with the Boers?
0:04:03 > 0:04:05Such had been the nature of wars to date.
0:04:05 > 0:04:11Certainly none of them realised that they were to be the first in the greatest human sacrifice in history.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14And even as they went, others rushed to follow,
0:04:14 > 0:04:17needing little encouragement from the recruiting officers.
0:04:17 > 0:04:23Soon the doors would have to be closed and unable to accept all those fearful that whatever it was,
0:04:23 > 0:04:27it would indeed be over by Christmas and they would have missed it.
0:04:31 > 0:04:36The British forces soon realised they would need more men - more volunteers.
0:04:36 > 0:04:41If you were a man between the ages of 19 and 30, taller than five foot six,
0:04:41 > 0:04:45then the Secretary of State for War wanted you.
0:04:45 > 0:04:51Lord Kitchener set about the task of building up the greatest volunteer army in the nation's history
0:04:51 > 0:04:54and his famous call to arms drew a noble response.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58They thronged the recruiting offices, queuing up to enter and marching away when they left.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05Some were given uniforms, some weren't.
0:05:05 > 0:05:11Schools were taken over to house them and as far as the kids were concerned, it was,
0:05:11 > 0:05:15"We don't want to lose you, but we think you ought to go."
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Theirs not to reason why, theirs but to do.
0:05:18 > 0:05:24As the sergeant said, "You lot have plenty to learn before you're fit to meet the Hun.
0:05:24 > 0:05:29"I know we ain't got uniforms for you all yet, but Rome wasn't built in a day,
0:05:29 > 0:05:34"and besides, still being in caps and waistcoats will help you to settle in and feel at home.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38"Nice dry tents, so much healthier than nasty damp brick walls.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41"Good nourishing food and you can always ask for more.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44"Cor, you're lucky!"
0:05:44 > 0:05:46Last-minute tattooing.
0:05:46 > 0:05:52"I love Harris." The packing of kit bags and they too were off and no army left in greater spirits.
0:05:56 > 0:06:02As the sergeant said, "You will be marched off to the station at 0800 hours.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07"At the training point there will be held a ceremonial parade
0:06:07 > 0:06:12"at which no other than Prince Arthur of Connaught himself will inspect you and wish you God's speed.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16"So I want ranks neat and straight. Get me? Straight."
0:06:17 > 0:06:20CHEERING
0:06:20 > 0:06:22"From then on, well, you'll be on your own.
0:06:22 > 0:06:26"But though I won't be with you, I'll expect you to make me proud of you.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28"Get me? Proud.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30"And the best of luck."
0:06:35 > 0:06:39And so off to war they went, those first brave thousands.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43Theirs but to do and die.
0:06:43 > 0:06:49By the end of 1914, more than a million men had signed up for Kitchener's volunteer army.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52But with casualties at the front on an unprecedented scale,
0:06:52 > 0:06:56still more soldiers were needed to face down the enemy.
0:06:56 > 0:07:01The war minister oversaw a rise in the upper age limit for recruits
0:07:01 > 0:07:03from 30 to 35 and then to 40.
0:07:03 > 0:07:08Ordinary Britons continued to come forward for king and country.
0:07:08 > 0:07:12There was a kind of quiet resignation among the people you fought alongside,
0:07:12 > 0:07:16as though you were all united by a common bond of hate.
0:07:16 > 0:07:22Not for the enemy so much, because you had a fair idea of how he must feel too.
0:07:22 > 0:07:25But for the whole miserable, murderous massacre.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28Yes, that's what it was.
0:07:30 > 0:07:37No, in 1916 there seemed no way out, no better hole for either side to find.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41For London and other British cities,
0:07:41 > 0:07:45those were the days of ambulances meeting the trains as regularly as...
0:07:45 > 0:07:47well as the trains themselves.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51The days of ambulances and the days of flags.
0:07:51 > 0:07:57"Buy a flag, mister, and help the wounded, the blinded and the maimed?"
0:07:59 > 0:08:00"Oh, yes, madam."
0:08:00 > 0:08:03"Yes, sir. It's all for a good cause."
0:08:06 > 0:08:11And for the same good cause too, the garden parties and the jumble sales and the concerts.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19Not to mention the tea parties and treats for the wounded themselves.
0:08:23 > 0:08:29The British are a quiet people, slow to reveal their inner-most emotions.
0:08:29 > 0:08:34And on Britain's conscience was the debt she owed to those fighting her battles.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40True, many had done the same before in many a war,
0:08:40 > 0:08:43but never on such a scale as this.
0:08:43 > 0:08:44And never at such a cost.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50What is the measure of a nation's conscience?
0:08:50 > 0:08:56The measure is a bitter realisation that it is giving up, for some vague objective called victory,
0:08:56 > 0:08:59not only its material wealth, but its very self,
0:08:59 > 0:09:04the flesh and blood, brains and eyes that make it a nation.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07New limbs for old.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11For the old, lost somewhere over there amid the mud and the wire.
0:09:11 > 0:09:18That was the kind of horrible new industry that two years of the Great War had brought to Britain.
0:09:18 > 0:09:21"What did you do in the Great War, Daddy?"
0:09:21 > 0:09:24"I got myself a new leg, son."
0:09:29 > 0:09:33"What did you do in the Great War, Daddy?"
0:09:35 > 0:09:39"I got myself a medal on the Somme, son."
0:09:39 > 0:09:42"Buy a flag, mister,
0:09:42 > 0:09:44"all in a good cause."
0:09:46 > 0:09:50No way out - just on to victory, come what may.
0:09:52 > 0:09:54The war was also being fought at sea.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58One of the great clashes was the Battle of Jutland in 1916,
0:09:58 > 0:10:03during which over 8,500 men lost their lives.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06Brave ships died with their crews.
0:10:06 > 0:10:11In attempting to cut off the enemy from his bases, the British rang for all steam,
0:10:11 > 0:10:13all steam.
0:10:16 > 0:10:22But in the mist, contact was lost and after fruitless searching, the battle was over.
0:10:22 > 0:10:29The German losses in men and ships were less than those of the British, but the Kaiser had had enough.
0:10:29 > 0:10:34And for the rest of the war, his fleet stayed at home.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38In keeping command of the seas, the British were the real victors of Jutland.
0:10:38 > 0:10:44Early in the action, a boy working in a gun crew was mortally wounded.
0:10:44 > 0:10:50But he continued to stay by his gun until all the rest of the crew were killed or wounded,
0:10:50 > 0:10:52until his own death.
0:10:52 > 0:10:58And that was how John Travers Cornwall won his Victoria Cross.
0:11:00 > 0:11:06At Jutland, Britain lost and killed 6,400 officers and men -
0:11:07 > 0:11:11so that once again there were memorials to be unveiled.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13This time to men in blue.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25For the ordinary millions across Europe whose homes villages, towns and cities
0:11:25 > 0:11:30were threatened by the fighting, the quest for safety meant taking to the road.
0:11:33 > 0:11:38As troops moved to the front, they met with civilians in retreat.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45Britain's finest drew off to the stations and away to France.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48Keep the home fires burning.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51First my uncle Ernie, then Uncle Harry,
0:11:51 > 0:11:55then Fred and Aunt Mable's cousin on her mother's side.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58Until the boys come home.
0:11:58 > 0:12:03If they ever did come home. By 1917, it had become something like a three to one gamble -
0:12:03 > 0:12:09well, two to one, I suppose, if you count being wounded.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12Back to Britain came a terrible steady stream.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14Uncle Fred came back three times,
0:12:14 > 0:12:19until they finally diagnosed what had hit him in the back was lumbago and not shrapnel.
0:12:19 > 0:12:24But Uncle Fred was always, well, to be kind, awkward.
0:12:26 > 0:12:29But there was plenty of work in '17. Too much for all the nurses to do.
0:12:29 > 0:12:33And for the women, war by '17 had came to mean a great deal more than just nursing.
0:12:33 > 0:12:38Enough men at the front had come to mean women taking over at the back.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58WHISTLE BLOWS
0:12:59 > 0:13:02For the British, over the top, and, this time, no stopping.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20WHISTLE BLOWS
0:13:20 > 0:13:23For the French, too, over the top and no stopping.
0:13:34 > 0:13:36SPEAKS FRENCH
0:13:38 > 0:13:40There were losses, there were wounded.
0:13:45 > 0:13:49But for you, mes amis, the war is over.
0:13:55 > 0:13:57And then, suddenly,
0:13:57 > 0:14:00quite suddenly, it was over.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07And as they came out of the dugouts and moved into the prison cages,
0:14:07 > 0:14:13perhaps for the first time in the whole war, you came to realise that this mighty military machine
0:14:13 > 0:14:18against which you'd fought for so long was made up of just men.
0:14:18 > 0:14:24Men who, like yourself, wished for nothing more than to give it all up and go home.
0:14:31 > 0:14:33CLOCK CHIMES
0:14:42 > 0:14:47They say, even after all these years, that at 11 o'clock on the 11th of November 1918,
0:14:47 > 0:14:54when the last gun had fired and its high explosive had torn open the earth for the last time,
0:14:54 > 0:14:58there was, for a brief moment, a silence.
0:14:58 > 0:15:03A silence the like of which the world had never experienced since its early ages.
0:15:03 > 0:15:09But only a brief silence, for within a moment or so,
0:15:09 > 0:15:12the birds had begun to sing again.
0:15:21 > 0:15:25And in the camps of Europe, those who'd been waiting their turn for battle,
0:15:25 > 0:15:30celebrated with an intensity of relief that no-one else could equal,
0:15:30 > 0:15:35for perhaps they, more than any others, realised what they had missed.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43Yes, that was something of the cost.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46And that figure does not include the deaths among the Russian armies,
0:15:46 > 0:15:51deaths which, to date, few have counted or even tried to asses.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57In the face of such slaughter, who wins or loses?
0:16:01 > 0:16:08And so for the world was born the first real bitter hatred of war and all that it means.
0:16:08 > 0:16:12A hatred that today makes so many pause to think twice.
0:16:12 > 0:16:14And then think twice again.
0:16:14 > 0:16:18Yes, winners or losers, they cheered them all.
0:16:18 > 0:16:26Because, deep down, they realised that mankind had faced its greatest crisis.
0:16:26 > 0:16:31And having faced it had emerged still capable of believing in the future,
0:16:31 > 0:16:36still capable of believing in the inherent decency of man,
0:16:36 > 0:16:41still capable of laughing, still capable of smiling.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44Yes, considering what they'd all been through,
0:16:45 > 0:16:48they'd come through it with flying colours.
0:16:48 > 0:16:49# There's a long, long trail
0:16:49 > 0:16:51# A-winding
0:16:51 > 0:16:56# Into the land of my dreams... #
0:17:00 > 0:17:05The First World War brought destruction on a previously unparalleled scale.
0:17:05 > 0:17:10The massive numbers of dead, injured, displaced, and heartbroken meant future generations, too,
0:17:10 > 0:17:12would be haunted by its horrors.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16For those who lived through it, the war would bring change in its wake.
0:17:16 > 0:17:22Resentment, doubt and anger meant old certainties held no longer.
0:17:22 > 0:17:25Societies shifted all round the globe.
0:17:32 > 0:17:38In Germany, a veteran of the First World War sought to build a society to last 1,000 years.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42By 1939, Adolf Hitler had become head of the German state
0:17:42 > 0:17:48and was pursuing expansionist policies that would pitch the people of Europe back into war.
0:17:56 > 0:18:00Dawn on the 1st September, 1939.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03Poland for breakfast.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08For the new German armies and the new German air force,
0:18:08 > 0:18:10a baptism of fire.
0:18:10 > 0:18:13For Poland, the terrible honour
0:18:13 > 0:18:17of being the first on the world's list to suffer the Blitzkrieg.
0:18:17 > 0:18:23And so they rolled over the frontiers towards the Vistula and Warsaw,
0:18:23 > 0:18:26setting into being the Second World War.
0:18:30 > 0:18:34London, Paris, New York, Tokyo...
0:18:34 > 0:18:36the whole world on the line.
0:18:36 > 0:18:41Too late for the morning dailies but a scoop of scoops for the early specials of the evening.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47At war with Germany.
0:18:47 > 0:18:52From stations all over a continent, reservists parting with their families.
0:18:52 > 0:18:55War is not just death on a battlefield.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58For those who have endured it, this is war.
0:18:58 > 0:19:01How long for? When will he come back?
0:19:01 > 0:19:02Will he come back?
0:19:03 > 0:19:05Who knows?
0:19:12 > 0:19:17And the continental stations weren't the only ones to witness big scale departures.
0:19:17 > 0:19:19For the second time in 25 years,
0:19:19 > 0:19:23a British Expeditionary Force leaves the shores of England for France.
0:19:23 > 0:19:28Reluctant warriors, yet full of the, "We'll see it through,"
0:19:28 > 0:19:30kind of optimism.
0:19:30 > 0:19:36In 1914, the first BEF had set out to rescue poor, gallant little Belgium.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40In 1939, the second BEF left to render aid,
0:19:40 > 0:19:42however vague and ill-defined,
0:19:42 > 0:19:47to far distant and un-get-at-able at Poland.
0:19:47 > 0:19:51Nine months into the Second World War,
0:19:51 > 0:19:53on the same day that Winston Churchill
0:19:53 > 0:19:57replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister of the UK,
0:19:57 > 0:20:00Germany invaded France, Belgium and Holland,
0:20:00 > 0:20:03and Western Europe encountered the Blitzkrieg.
0:20:03 > 0:20:09Dawn on the 10th of May, 1940. The Panzers, the Iron Fists,
0:20:09 > 0:20:11that were to hand out to the old order what was coming to him.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17Then, spurred on by dive bombers,
0:20:17 > 0:20:23cold-bloodedly but effectively, whole populations set in motion.
0:20:29 > 0:20:33The citizen who clings to his house.
0:20:33 > 0:20:36The farmer to his farm. Blast their roots and they'll take to the road.
0:20:36 > 0:20:40Run, rabbit, run.
0:20:40 > 0:20:44So that, as the British moved forward on their mission of rescue, they were
0:20:44 > 0:20:47met with streams of refugees clogging the all-important roads.
0:20:47 > 0:20:53Men, women and children in need of all the rations a soft-hearted Tommy might be tempted to give,
0:20:53 > 0:20:58although duty demanded those rations to sustain his own vital fighting power.
0:21:03 > 0:21:07On streams the flood. Down every road from the shattered front.
0:21:07 > 0:21:11And now there is no front, only deep lance-like thrusts,
0:21:11 > 0:21:15inflicting mortal wounds in the body of a nation.
0:21:17 > 0:21:22And with them, as Holland bowed her head to the invader, went the refugees.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25Those who might have stayed, yet who chose to go for reasons
0:21:25 > 0:21:31of race, religion, plain pride, or a fundamental belief in the dignity
0:21:31 > 0:21:34and necessity of personal freedom.
0:21:34 > 0:21:38And even as they went, those same hawks of war dived at their heads.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48Yet, somehow or other, they made it.
0:21:48 > 0:21:50They came to Britain,
0:21:50 > 0:21:55the persecuted, the innocent, the Jews,
0:21:55 > 0:21:58the Catholics, the Protestants.
0:21:58 > 0:22:02The unwanted, the unbelievers in the evil powers that be.
0:22:02 > 0:22:05But for those still free, there are no greater allies
0:22:05 > 0:22:11than those who have known bondage and have forsaken its chains.
0:22:13 > 0:22:18As a result of that almighty lightning strike, Germany's forces poured west,
0:22:18 > 0:22:24squeezing most of the retreating Allies into an ever-smaller corner of France and Belgium.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27Under a black shroud from burning oil tanks,
0:22:27 > 0:22:33Dunkirk and its shell-torn, bomb-wrecked beaches becomes the focus of the free world.
0:22:33 > 0:22:37Hour after hour, men wade out to the waiting ships.
0:22:37 > 0:22:41And between the shore and the larger vessels ferry the little ships.
0:22:41 > 0:22:43Each bringing but a handful.
0:22:43 > 0:22:47But each handful swelling the ranks of the rescued.
0:22:50 > 0:22:55If this luck and effort continues, who knows how many might yet escape?
0:22:58 > 0:23:03Swinging out of the black pall, each ship packed with men sets course for England.
0:23:05 > 0:23:10Sometimes the enemy is shot down, sometimes he leaves his mark.
0:23:10 > 0:23:13A bomb destroyer wallows helplessly.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15Alongside comes another craft,
0:23:15 > 0:23:20and for the men on board the damaged ship, it is all change yet again.
0:23:20 > 0:23:26But there is no panic, only the swiftness of necessity and daring improvisation.
0:23:28 > 0:23:33And then it's Dover or some other crowded port and ashore at last.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38Ashore to find waiting for them,
0:23:38 > 0:23:42train upon train, shuttling a tired army away from the ports to distant bases,
0:23:42 > 0:23:45shipload after shipload through nine days and nights.
0:23:45 > 0:23:52Infantry men, gunners, officers, sergeants, corporals, privates,
0:23:52 > 0:23:54nurses as well as men,
0:23:54 > 0:23:59most in one piece but some with lasting souvenirs of a lost battle.
0:24:01 > 0:24:06Coming ashore at the ports too, man for man with the British, the French.
0:24:06 > 0:24:11No priority, Churchill has commanded, and no priority it was.
0:24:11 > 0:24:14Tens of thousands of cousin Andres.
0:24:14 > 0:24:18When again will they see their native France?
0:24:18 > 0:24:22They called it a miracle, as miracle indeed it was.
0:24:22 > 0:24:25Instead of the expected few,
0:24:25 > 0:24:29over 300,000 men had been lifted from Dunkirk to the shores of Britain.
0:24:29 > 0:24:33And with these saved, a nation sets about building
0:24:33 > 0:24:36the armies that are destined to march from El Alamein to Berlin.
0:24:38 > 0:24:43By the end of June 1940, all British forces had withdrawn from France.
0:24:43 > 0:24:46For Germany's planned invasion of Britain to be successful,
0:24:46 > 0:24:52both sides knew that Luftwaffe would need total control of the airspace over the English coast
0:24:52 > 0:24:55to stop the RAF bombing the invasion forces as they landed.
0:24:55 > 0:24:57The stage was set.
0:24:57 > 0:25:02In the skies above South East England, the future of Britain was about to be decided.
0:25:02 > 0:25:04Summer 1940.
0:25:04 > 0:25:07Any afternoon, any day of the week.
0:25:12 > 0:25:1580-plus assembling over areas Amiens, Abbeville.
0:25:19 > 0:25:22Further 60-plus over vicinity of Dieppe.
0:25:22 > 0:25:26It looks the same as it did this morning.
0:25:26 > 0:25:27But too early to judge.
0:25:27 > 0:25:29It could be London itself.
0:25:34 > 0:25:35ALARM
0:25:44 > 0:25:46Kent and Sussex, summer 1940.
0:25:46 > 0:25:49Any afternoon, any day of the week.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59Anytime. Any day.
0:25:59 > 0:26:05Followed by any evening and any forbidding night.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14London is an open city, a city open for battle.
0:26:14 > 0:26:18Any night, any time, summer 1940.
0:26:24 > 0:26:29Fire and flame, death and destruction.
0:26:37 > 0:26:391940.
0:26:39 > 0:26:44Any morning after in London, or is it Coventry, Bristol, Portsmouth,
0:26:44 > 0:26:48Liverpool, Belfast, Birmingham, Plymouth or Glasgow?
0:26:50 > 0:26:53Yesterday was the old order of things.
0:26:53 > 0:26:57Today is different, just as tomorrow will be different. Because it has to be.
0:26:59 > 0:27:01Bombs and armaments were only one of
0:27:01 > 0:27:06the ways the Second World War would visit trauma on innocent civilians.
0:27:06 > 0:27:12The atrocities perpetrated in the Nazi camps became horrifically clear towards the end of the war
0:27:12 > 0:27:15as the allied troops liberated Europe.
0:27:15 > 0:27:18March out then, jailers of the dead and dying.
0:27:19 > 0:27:23What's this place called? Belsen.
0:27:23 > 0:27:25And your boss's name?
0:27:26 > 0:27:27Kramer.
0:27:27 > 0:27:31No, we won't forget.
0:27:31 > 0:27:33To those camps come all who can.
0:27:33 > 0:27:37Soldiers, scientists, doctors and members of parliament,
0:27:37 > 0:27:40to see for themselves and report to the world.
0:27:48 > 0:27:49To see the cages,
0:27:49 > 0:27:53the gas chambers and the ovens.
0:27:53 > 0:27:56And while the Germans themselves are made to bury the evidence,
0:27:56 > 0:28:01the world holds its nose at the stink of the Third Reich.
0:28:07 > 0:28:10The two global conflicts in the first half of the 20th century
0:28:10 > 0:28:16ended, interrupted and irrevocably changed the lives of millions.
0:28:16 > 0:28:20The human cost of the First World War was on a scale never before experienced.
0:28:20 > 0:28:23The Second World War was worse still.
0:28:23 > 0:28:26The dead, the maimed, the displaced, the grieving.
0:28:26 > 0:28:30The casualties of war suffered terrible damage.
0:28:30 > 0:28:32Damage that can never be undone.
0:28:48 > 0:28:51Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:28:51 > 0:28:54E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk