0:00:06 > 0:00:09In '60s Wales, a new generation of teenagers
0:00:09 > 0:00:14broke the old chapel taboos on sex before marriage as never before.
0:00:15 > 0:00:18Sunday afternoon in my father's pub in the back room,
0:00:18 > 0:00:22my mum and dad were upstairs and me and her downstairs bonking.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27I didn't consider getting pregnant,
0:00:27 > 0:00:29that actually didn't come into my head
0:00:29 > 0:00:32because we hadn't been told how you get pregnant.
0:00:34 > 0:00:37If I'd got pregnant that would have been the end of everything.
0:00:37 > 0:00:40I'd have had to get married because the whole attitude at the time to sex
0:00:40 > 0:00:44was that it only happened within marriage, which was a complete lie.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49This is the story of a very Welsh sexual revolution
0:00:49 > 0:00:52driven by the younger generation.
0:01:02 > 0:01:06At the beginning of the decade, many communities in Wales
0:01:06 > 0:01:09still lived by the rigid chapel morals of Victorian times.
0:01:11 > 0:01:13Sex education was a taboo subject.
0:01:14 > 0:01:18Parents and teachers regarded the issue as the other's responsibility.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22As a result, teenagers were often incredibly ignorant
0:01:22 > 0:01:24about the facts of life.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29Joy King grew up in Morriston.
0:01:29 > 0:01:33You didn't have sex education in school in those days
0:01:33 > 0:01:37and it wasn't anything you spoke about, you didn't talk about it.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40Parents and families, you didn't talk about it.
0:01:46 > 0:01:50Singer Heather Jones grew up in the Heath in North Cardiff.
0:01:50 > 0:01:54I don't think, well, I know my parents never ever told me
0:01:54 > 0:01:56anything about sex.
0:01:56 > 0:02:00I thought you had to be 25 and married to have a baby.
0:02:04 > 0:02:07Annie Haden went to Glanmor Grammar School in Swansea
0:02:07 > 0:02:11where sex education was banned in schools throughout the '60s.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14When I went to school, the subject of the reproductive organs
0:02:14 > 0:02:19of a rabbit came up, as they do.
0:02:19 > 0:02:23And we were all given letters to take back to our parents
0:02:23 > 0:02:27to ask their permission for us to be able to be taught
0:02:27 > 0:02:31about the reproductive organs of rabbits.
0:02:32 > 0:02:37And when I gave the letter to my mother she said,
0:02:37 > 0:02:40"Well, I would think you know all about that."
0:02:42 > 0:02:44From the beginning of the decade
0:02:44 > 0:02:47attitudes to sex in Britain began to change.
0:02:47 > 0:02:50A relaxing of the laws of obscenity
0:02:50 > 0:02:54cleared the way for the publication of Lady Chatterley's Lover.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57However, there was resistance in parts of Wales
0:02:57 > 0:03:00where the power of chapel morals remained strong.
0:03:01 > 0:03:05Writer Howard Marks grew up near Bridgend.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07DH Lawrence's book, Lady Chatterley's Lover,
0:03:07 > 0:03:12everyone knew it was a dirty book so of course everyone my age bought it.
0:03:12 > 0:03:16Every young teenager, possibly every teenager, tried to get it.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19But in Swansea you had to personally order it,
0:03:19 > 0:03:22they wouldn't have it on the shelves.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25Cardiganshire was banned completely.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29You couldn't get it at any book shop in Cardiganshire, you know.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32This is a book that, yes, it's OK, the law of the land
0:03:32 > 0:03:36says it's all right, it's OK, it's literature, you can read it.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39# Girl, you really got me going
0:03:39 > 0:03:42# You got me so I don't know what I'm doing now... #
0:03:42 > 0:03:45Pop music and fashion also became more explicitly sexual.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49Yet, in many communities there remained an innocence
0:03:49 > 0:03:52to the age-old ritual of boy meets girl.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56# There she was just a-walking down the street
0:03:56 > 0:03:59# Singing do-wah diddy, diddy, dum, diddy-do... #
0:04:01 > 0:04:05At weekends, teenagers from outlying villages flocked to towns
0:04:05 > 0:04:07in search of the opposite sex.
0:04:07 > 0:04:09- # He looked good - Yeah, yeah
0:04:09 > 0:04:11- # He looked fine - Yes, he did
0:04:11 > 0:04:14# He looked good, he looked fine And I nearly lost mind... #
0:04:14 > 0:04:18Aberdare in the Cynon Valley holds fond memories
0:04:18 > 0:04:21for politician Kim Howells who grew up in Penywaun,
0:04:21 > 0:04:22a couple of miles away.
0:04:25 > 0:04:29As a teenager in Aberdare, we wanted to be in the Sherper's Cafe
0:04:29 > 0:04:32by ten o'clock on a Saturday morning
0:04:32 > 0:04:36because that's where everybody was, that's where the life was.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39And I learned that, very early on,
0:04:39 > 0:04:42this was also a good way of getting girlfriends.
0:04:46 > 0:04:50The first girlfriend that I can remember as a kind of serious girlfriend,
0:04:50 > 0:04:54I remember my parents being very shocked
0:04:54 > 0:04:59at having a 16-year-old girl in our house.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01I don't think there'd ever been one...
0:05:01 > 0:05:05There'd hardly been any girls in the house, let alone somebody who had
0:05:05 > 0:05:09this skin that was unlike a boy's,
0:05:09 > 0:05:12who wore a skirt, who had legs.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16You know, it was just completely different!
0:05:16 > 0:05:20# Picked her up on a Friday night
0:05:20 > 0:05:22# Sha-la-la-la-nee... #
0:05:22 > 0:05:27Cafes gave boys and girls from the many single sex schools a chance to meet.
0:05:30 > 0:05:33Heather Jones went to Cathays High School in Cardiff.
0:05:33 > 0:05:36I had fallen in love with a boy from the boy's school.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39He was a beautiful boy and he wrote beautiful poetry,
0:05:39 > 0:05:41and we fell madly in love.
0:05:41 > 0:05:46He was 15 and I was 16, and he inspired me because he wrote poetry.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48He used to write poetry about me,
0:05:48 > 0:05:51he'd send me these poems through the post and they were wonderful.
0:05:51 > 0:05:54But the word "sex" was completely taboo.
0:05:54 > 0:05:59There was no sex, there might have been a lot of kissing and cuddling but there was nothing like that.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Image was everything for fashionable '60s teenagers,
0:06:05 > 0:06:07when choosing who to go out with.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12# I can go any way I choose
0:06:12 > 0:06:15# I can live any how, win or lose
0:06:15 > 0:06:19# I can go anywhere for something new
0:06:19 > 0:06:22# Anyway, anyhow, anywhere I choose. #
0:06:22 > 0:06:24The Mods were slick.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28And I think all the good looking blokes were the Mods.
0:06:28 > 0:06:34There was one particular bloke that was so absolutely stunning
0:06:34 > 0:06:37and he had a Vespa.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40And he was the one I was aiming my sights on.
0:06:40 > 0:06:45But what I actually ended up doing was going out with somebody
0:06:45 > 0:06:46who had a Morgan.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49The guy with the Morgan wasn't as good looking
0:06:49 > 0:06:54but he was acceptable and the Morgan so outstripped the Vespa.
0:06:54 > 0:06:57# Don't do it!
0:06:57 > 0:06:59# Don't break my heart
0:06:59 > 0:07:01# Please, don't do it... #
0:07:01 > 0:07:05The Top Rank dance halls in Cardiff and Swansea were hugely popular.
0:07:05 > 0:07:10This is where many a young teenage couple began to get physical.
0:07:10 > 0:07:14# ..With a little bit of soul now...
0:07:14 > 0:07:17# Before you ask some girl for her hand now
0:07:17 > 0:07:20# Keep your freedom for as long as you can... #
0:07:20 > 0:07:22The stocking top
0:07:22 > 0:07:26was the point where boys stopped touching your leg.
0:07:27 > 0:07:29That was the boundary.
0:07:30 > 0:07:34Which helped both the boys and the girls, I think.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36# Finding a good man, girls
0:07:36 > 0:07:39# Is like finding a needle in a haystack
0:07:39 > 0:07:41# What did I say, girl?
0:07:41 > 0:07:42# Needle in a haystack. #
0:07:45 > 0:07:47Boys usually made the running.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51Miner Tyrone O'Sullivan grew up in the Cynon Valley.
0:07:51 > 0:07:55For a valleys girl she worked in Cardiff in the pools,
0:07:55 > 0:08:00Littlewoods pools, that made Elaine a different sort of girl.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02She dressed Cardiff.
0:08:02 > 0:08:04She wore Cardiff.
0:08:04 > 0:08:06So when she walked through Abercwmboi you could hear
0:08:06 > 0:08:09the tut-tut and the whispers, until you got to know her.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13I remember, if ever I got too forceful,
0:08:13 > 0:08:18I remember Elaine ripping my tie off and losing the badge off of me,
0:08:18 > 0:08:23you know, because I got a bit fresh on the line up to her house.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26But, yeah, I mean, it's a constant battle..
0:08:27 > 0:08:28..to have sex.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32That was natural.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34GIRLS SCREAM
0:08:39 > 0:08:42# Speed, bonnie boat
0:08:42 > 0:08:46# Like a bird on the wing
0:08:46 > 0:08:50# Onwards, the sailors cry... #
0:08:50 > 0:08:55From the moment Tom Jones burst onto the national pop scene in 1965,
0:08:55 > 0:08:58many teenage girls were even more likely to reject
0:08:58 > 0:09:01the sexual restraint preached by the chapels.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05The old guard had no chance of winning
0:09:05 > 0:09:09with TV performances like this being piped into living rooms all over Wales.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15# Loud the winds roar
0:09:15 > 0:09:18# Thunderclouds rend the air... #
0:09:21 > 0:09:25Pop music's central message was permissiveness
0:09:25 > 0:09:28and it encouraged many a teenage couple to go all the way.
0:09:34 > 0:09:38Broadcaster Owen Money took full advantage of being lead singer
0:09:38 > 0:09:41in rock'n'roll band, The Bystanders.
0:09:42 > 0:09:47Well, losing your virginity is something special,
0:09:47 > 0:09:49especially on the side of the Brecon Beacons.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55We went up the Glyn, they call it, in Merthyr.
0:09:55 > 0:09:56It was a beautiful summer.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00We went for a walk in the glades and all that
0:10:00 > 0:10:03and started having a kiss and a touch.
0:10:03 > 0:10:07And the next thing, Bob's your uncle.
0:10:07 > 0:10:09It happened.
0:10:09 > 0:10:12My God, it didn't last very long, I've got to be honest,
0:10:12 > 0:10:15I was so overcome with emotion, it was about a minute.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20Annie Haden, seen here with her mother,
0:10:20 > 0:10:23was another teenager who lost her virginity.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28I had sex for the first time when I was 16.
0:10:28 > 0:10:32And I liked the petting bit, the petting bit was lovely,
0:10:32 > 0:10:33that was great.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35But the next bit wasn't so hot.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39That was excruciatingly painful
0:10:39 > 0:10:43and didn't leave me with a very good memory of sex.
0:10:43 > 0:10:47But even though that happened, my virginity was lost,
0:10:47 > 0:10:50I didn't consider getting pregnant.
0:10:50 > 0:10:54That...that actually didn't come into my head.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Because we hadn't been told how you get pregnant.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03WELSH HYMN SINGING
0:11:09 > 0:11:14In the '60s it seemed the chapels were fighting a losing battle.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Attendances were dropping, especially amongst teenagers.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21Many ministers tried to connect with the new generation
0:11:21 > 0:11:23by setting up youth clubs.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27But what seemed like a good idea could go horribly wrong.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35Howard Marks was an active member of the chapel community in Bridgend.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41They opened up a youth club in the chapel that I attended on Sundays.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45We'd go there, we'd dance to rock'n'roll, we'd go outside,
0:11:45 > 0:11:48smoke cigarettes together, we'd get drunk.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50It was like, proper. You know.
0:11:50 > 0:11:52A good enjoyable evening.
0:11:53 > 0:11:56And because I was a regular chapel-goer...
0:11:57 > 0:12:01..a reluctant one but, nevertheless, a regular chapel-goer,
0:12:01 > 0:12:06I was made secretary, I think, or treasurer of the youth club,
0:12:06 > 0:12:10so that I had the keys to it.
0:12:10 > 0:12:13And it was quite difficult in those days,
0:12:13 > 0:12:16if you were lucky enough to get a girlfriend,
0:12:16 > 0:12:18to know where to take her.
0:12:18 > 0:12:22But I thought, well, I could use the chapel.
0:12:22 > 0:12:24It was terrible, I know.
0:12:24 > 0:12:26But I took...
0:12:26 > 0:12:31I only did it once, I think, took a girl there.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33Switched on the organ, showed off a bit
0:12:33 > 0:12:36by playing some rock'n'roll on the organ
0:12:36 > 0:12:39and then made love to her.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43And I never felt bad about it, really, I've never felt bad.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46I don't like showing off with these sort of things
0:12:46 > 0:12:49but I've never actually felt bad about it.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52# And mothers and fathers throughout the land
0:12:52 > 0:12:58# Don't criticise what you can't understand
0:12:58 > 0:13:02# Your sons and your daughters are beyond your command
0:13:02 > 0:13:06# Your old role is rapidly ageing
0:13:06 > 0:13:11# Please get out of the new one if you can't lend your hand
0:13:11 > 0:13:14# The times they are a-changing. #
0:13:17 > 0:13:20In the hedonistic '60s, many courting couples
0:13:20 > 0:13:24followed their passions through to sexual intercourse.
0:13:24 > 0:13:28However, there was often scant regard for contraception.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31They had little understanding of the importance of protection
0:13:31 > 0:13:33against pregnancy.
0:13:33 > 0:13:38# The line it is drawn, the curse, it is cast.. #
0:13:38 > 0:13:40I met my lover.
0:13:40 > 0:13:44We started to have a long-term relationship
0:13:44 > 0:13:46and thought we were the new people.
0:13:46 > 0:13:50We were the ones that were sticking two fingers up at society
0:13:50 > 0:13:53and saying, it's us from now on.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56We would follow the Bob Dylan songs, the Joan Baez songs,
0:13:56 > 0:13:58all the songs that were going round,
0:13:58 > 0:14:01and we believed it, I think, in our own small way.
0:14:01 > 0:14:05But the only time you could get any help with contraception
0:14:05 > 0:14:08was by trolleying down and buying some French letters.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14Using the term "French letters" instead of condoms
0:14:14 > 0:14:17for male contraception was common in those days.
0:14:17 > 0:14:21Explicit references to sexual matters were to be avoided.
0:14:22 > 0:14:26But this could also hide a great deal of ignorance.
0:14:26 > 0:14:29Former boxer George Evans grew up in Merthyr Tydfil.
0:14:29 > 0:14:32We used to go to a barber in them days,
0:14:32 > 0:14:35and the barber would cut your hair.
0:14:35 > 0:14:39And then he'd say to the chap on the chair,
0:14:39 > 0:14:41"Something for the weekend, Mr Jones?"
0:14:41 > 0:14:43"Oh, yes, OK, thank you."
0:14:43 > 0:14:47And there'd be a packet wrapped in paper, newspaper.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52"That's an extra £3."
0:14:52 > 0:14:56That's the way it was then, nobody spoke about contraception.
0:14:56 > 0:14:58I didn't use a condom.
0:15:00 > 0:15:03I'd heard of them and I knew what they were
0:15:03 > 0:15:05but I didn't use one at all, I don't think.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16I was 17, she was 18.
0:15:16 > 0:15:19Sunday afternoon in my father's pub in the back room,
0:15:19 > 0:15:22we'd go downstairs to listen to the records.
0:15:22 > 0:15:24We didn't listen to many records.
0:15:24 > 0:15:27They were on but we never listened to them, we were doing other things.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30I just thought I'm too young to have a baby,
0:15:30 > 0:15:33probably my sperm wasn't fertile enough.
0:15:42 > 0:15:44# Now all you good looking women
0:15:46 > 0:15:47# Stand in line
0:15:50 > 0:15:52# I can make love to you, baby... #
0:15:53 > 0:15:56For most of the decade, female contraception
0:15:56 > 0:15:59was all a matter of whether you were married or not.
0:15:59 > 0:16:01The Family Planning Association
0:16:01 > 0:16:05operated just a few specialist clinics across Wales.
0:16:05 > 0:16:09And the contraception they provided was for married women only.
0:16:15 > 0:16:18Margaret Lloyd, who had four children of her own,
0:16:18 > 0:16:20worked at a clinic in Merthyr.
0:16:21 > 0:16:27If there was a clinic, you had to be recommended to these clinics
0:16:27 > 0:16:29and it was very secret.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35The health visitor would recommend you, almost, for it
0:16:35 > 0:16:38so everything was done to make you feel
0:16:38 > 0:16:41as if you were being very naughty.
0:16:53 > 0:16:58The contraceptive pill was introduced in 1961
0:16:58 > 0:17:02but it only became available in clinics a few years later.
0:17:02 > 0:17:05Also, the law limited GPs to prescribe the pill
0:17:05 > 0:17:07just for married women.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12It was not until 1967
0:17:12 > 0:17:15that the pill was legally made available to single women.
0:17:16 > 0:17:20Yet in Wales, the reality was that the change in law
0:17:20 > 0:17:23made little difference to many unmarried teenage girls.
0:17:26 > 0:17:30'The pill transformed women's lives.
0:17:31 > 0:17:38'But single women coming into the surgery, well,'
0:17:38 > 0:17:40it's admitting that they were having sex, you know,
0:17:40 > 0:17:42and it's very hard...
0:17:42 > 0:17:46When a procedure is new it's very hard for people to overcome
0:17:46 > 0:17:48the prejudices.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51It's only when it's acceptable that everyone says,
0:17:51 > 0:17:52"Oh, I'm on the pill."
0:17:52 > 0:17:54Before that, you wouldn't tell anybody.
0:18:03 > 0:18:07I wasn't married, and your doctor knew you,
0:18:07 > 0:18:10he knew your family and straightaway he would probably
0:18:10 > 0:18:14have mentioned it to your family upon passing anyway.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16So you were more or less admitting
0:18:16 > 0:18:19that you were having sex outside of marriage.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24# We skipped the light fandango... #
0:18:24 > 0:18:28We didn't consider contraception, didn't enter our minds
0:18:28 > 0:18:33because contraception wasn't readily available for single women.
0:18:34 > 0:18:37Single women weren't encouraged to protect themselves.
0:18:37 > 0:18:42In fact, single women who were having sex were considered as tarts.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45But the boys who were having sex that weren't married
0:18:45 > 0:18:47were considered a bit of a boy.
0:18:50 > 0:18:54For single girls in a sexual relationship without contraception
0:18:54 > 0:18:58it was often only a matter of time before she fell pregnant.
0:18:58 > 0:19:02There would then be family pressure to avoid the disgrace
0:19:02 > 0:19:04of being an unmarried mother.
0:19:05 > 0:19:09In over two thirds of all marriages of girls under 20 in '60s Wales,
0:19:09 > 0:19:11the bride was pregnant.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14Shotgun weddings could be tense affairs.
0:19:17 > 0:19:20# People were standing
0:19:20 > 0:19:22# All around
0:19:22 > 0:19:25# At a shotgun wedding here in this town... #
0:19:27 > 0:19:31I think everybody was terrified of being made pregnant
0:19:31 > 0:19:33or making someone pregnant.
0:19:33 > 0:19:37Because that would have put the kibosh on everything.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40You'd have to get married, and some of my friends did,
0:19:40 > 0:19:43even at the age of 16 or 17.
0:19:43 > 0:19:45And my mother would always tell us boys,
0:19:45 > 0:19:49"Now, remember now, just one minute of pleasure
0:19:49 > 0:19:52"and you've got misery for the rest of your life."
0:19:55 > 0:19:56# Ah-a
0:19:56 > 0:19:58# Oh, yeah
0:19:58 > 0:20:01# Somebody please, somebody... #
0:20:01 > 0:20:04Actor Sharon Morgan grew up in Carmarthen.
0:20:04 > 0:20:08I wanted to go on the pill because if I'd got pregnant
0:20:08 > 0:20:10that would have been the end of everything.
0:20:10 > 0:20:12I would have had to get married
0:20:12 > 0:20:15because the whole attitude at the time to sex was that it only
0:20:15 > 0:20:19happened within marriage, which was a complete lie and always had been.
0:20:19 > 0:20:22There was this tremendous respectability about that
0:20:22 > 0:20:25and it would have been the end of my education,
0:20:25 > 0:20:28the end of independence, earning my own living, having a career,
0:20:28 > 0:20:29whatever that was going to be.
0:20:31 > 0:20:36# I want to spend my life with a girl like you
0:20:36 > 0:20:38# Ba-ba, ba-ba, ba-ba... #
0:20:38 > 0:20:42Now, the thought of getting married was far from my mind,
0:20:42 > 0:20:43I was never going to get married.
0:20:43 > 0:20:46And we'd been going together for four years
0:20:46 > 0:20:52and after four years I finally said it's OK, it'll be OK.
0:20:52 > 0:20:55I can't get pregnant because I'm only four foot ten
0:20:55 > 0:21:00and I'm too young, and you have to be married to get pregnant.
0:21:00 > 0:21:01And I really believed that.
0:21:01 > 0:21:06And I would say we had sex twice and the second time I got pregnant.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10Mother knew, I think.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12I had to tell my father and he sat in the chair
0:21:12 > 0:21:14and he just burst into tears.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18I still feel awful about that today, you know.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25I'll never forget that horrible feeling of, I feel so ashamed,
0:21:25 > 0:21:29I'm so ashamed that I'm pregnant, and I tried to hide it.
0:21:29 > 0:21:32The first thing we did, we arranged the marriage.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35We got married within four weeks, I think, of knowing.
0:21:36 > 0:21:40I held my stomach in although I didn't really show at that stage.
0:21:40 > 0:21:42But we wanted to please our parents,
0:21:42 > 0:21:45we didn't want them to think we didn't love each other.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47And I think, you know, we did love each other
0:21:47 > 0:21:49but we didn't want to upset them.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52So we thought if we got married and straightened it all out
0:21:52 > 0:21:55and smoothed it all over, it would all be OK.
0:21:55 > 0:21:57BABY CRIES
0:22:05 > 0:22:09During the '60s, the annual number of illegitimate births in Wales doubled.
0:22:12 > 0:22:16Some families secretly arranged for their daughter's baby to be adopted.
0:22:16 > 0:22:20These cruel, forced adoptions reached an all-time high at this time.
0:22:22 > 0:22:27So in communities where sex education was banned, like Swansea,
0:22:27 > 0:22:30much depended on parents to teach their teenage sons and daughters
0:22:30 > 0:22:32about sexual relationships.
0:22:32 > 0:22:34Few did.
0:22:36 > 0:22:40At the age of 18, Annie Haden had a steady boyfriend,
0:22:40 > 0:22:43although she still lived with her parents.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46One day I made an appointment to go down to see the doctor
0:22:46 > 0:22:50because I was putting a lot of weight on, my bust was hurting,
0:22:50 > 0:22:54everything, and something was going wrong.
0:22:54 > 0:22:57So I went down to the doctor, and she asked me
0:22:57 > 0:23:01when I'd had my last period, so I roughly told her
0:23:01 > 0:23:03because I couldn't remember.
0:23:03 > 0:23:08And when she examined me she told me that I was in advanced pregnancy.
0:23:10 > 0:23:13Which was a little bit of a shock because I hadn't thought,
0:23:13 > 0:23:16I hadn't even considered being pregnant.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19We didn't want to get married, we were the new people,
0:23:19 > 0:23:23we were the new generation, we didn't need marriage.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26But when my parents found out about the baby
0:23:26 > 0:23:28and as soon as they found out,
0:23:28 > 0:23:31both sides decided we had to get married.
0:23:31 > 0:23:33Steven and I had to get married immediately.
0:23:35 > 0:23:39I was angry at the time because they were wrong.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43They failed, those parents.
0:23:43 > 0:23:48They failed me, they failed my husband, they failed my daughter.
0:23:48 > 0:23:53They failed because they hadn't told me about sexual education
0:23:53 > 0:23:54and things like that.
0:23:56 > 0:24:00The mindset of that generation was still,
0:24:00 > 0:24:03if you're going to have sex, don't get caught.
0:24:05 > 0:24:06Well, I got caught.
0:24:08 > 0:24:13Like a lot of girls my era got caught because we weren't prepared
0:24:13 > 0:24:17and weren't encouraged to protect ourselves.
0:24:22 > 0:24:27Although thousands of pregnancies resulted in shotgun weddings or adoptions,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30there were those that ended in termination.
0:24:30 > 0:24:35This usually meant a dangerous self-administered or backstreet abortion
0:24:35 > 0:24:38until 1967 when abortion was finally legalised.
0:24:41 > 0:24:44Owen Money had a steady girlfriend in his hometown of Merthyr.
0:24:46 > 0:24:50We made love and you weren't careful, you know,
0:24:50 > 0:24:53you didn't realise what the consequences were.
0:24:53 > 0:24:56You hadn't been told in the proper way then.
0:24:56 > 0:25:00You are like that when you're very young,
0:25:00 > 0:25:03you don't care, it's not going to happen to me.
0:25:03 > 0:25:07But it does, it does happen and it did happen to me.
0:25:08 > 0:25:10When she told me she was pregnant she said,
0:25:10 > 0:25:14"My mother won't let me have the baby and we're going to go and see about it."
0:25:14 > 0:25:16It was never discussed with me at all
0:25:16 > 0:25:18and my mum and dad never even knew about it.
0:25:18 > 0:25:20Never, nobody ever knew.
0:25:23 > 0:25:26Thing was, we did it again and about a year later the same bloody thing happened.
0:25:32 > 0:25:35However, in the late '60s, the contraceptive pill
0:25:35 > 0:25:38gave more and more unmarried girls the freedom
0:25:38 > 0:25:42to become sexually active without the risk of pregnancy.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47But even young women starting out in student life
0:25:47 > 0:25:50could find it no easy matter going on the pill.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57Sharon Morgan went to Cardiff University.
0:25:57 > 0:26:01My grandmother, who was a very puritanical religious maniac said,
0:26:01 > 0:26:05"Oh, I worry about Sharon being away there at university."
0:26:05 > 0:26:08And my mother said, this was reported to me,
0:26:08 > 0:26:12"Oh, Sharon's sensible enough, she'll go on the pill!"
0:26:12 > 0:26:15Which I thought, "Oh! She didn't say to me, 'Go on the pill.'"
0:26:15 > 0:26:18And I thought... It wasn't something that we'd discussed.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21But that is what I decided to do.
0:26:21 > 0:26:23But I would never have gone to my GP at home
0:26:23 > 0:26:27because that would have been absolutely totally embarrassing.
0:26:27 > 0:26:29So I was sharing a house with other students
0:26:29 > 0:26:31and we had a GP and I went to see him.
0:26:31 > 0:26:35You're supposed to be married and have a ring etc.
0:26:35 > 0:26:37He was great but I nearly fainted, it was just...
0:26:37 > 0:26:43The pressure was just so awful, asking for this in the first place.
0:26:43 > 0:26:48Sort of saying to somebody, I'm having sex, was just, like, huge.
0:26:50 > 0:26:53But it felt like it would have been a complete trap
0:26:53 > 0:26:56to get married and have children at that stage.
0:26:56 > 0:27:00We were the first generation, maybe, compared to our mothers,
0:27:00 > 0:27:03who'd had these opportunities to be whatever we wanted to be
0:27:03 > 0:27:06and the pill gave us that opportunity.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08# Then I saw her face
0:27:08 > 0:27:10# Now I'm a believer... #
0:27:10 > 0:27:13Nevertheless, marriage remained at the heart of society
0:27:13 > 0:27:15and young people's expectations.
0:27:16 > 0:27:20There were more marriages recorded in '60s Wales than ever before.
0:27:23 > 0:27:27And chapel morals in many communities remained strong.
0:27:27 > 0:27:29Especially towards divorce.
0:27:34 > 0:27:38Joy King lived with her parents and grandparents in Morriston.
0:27:38 > 0:27:42I was 17 and by now I had met somebody.
0:27:42 > 0:27:45And he was ten years my senior.
0:27:45 > 0:27:47He'd been previously married.
0:27:47 > 0:27:53Now this was terrible for this Welsh-speaking, Christian family
0:27:53 > 0:27:56to have a granddaughter/daughter who was going out with a young man
0:27:56 > 0:27:58who'd been married previously.
0:27:58 > 0:28:00Divorce still had a terrible stigma
0:28:00 > 0:28:03and there was a lot of taboo about it.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06People would gossip, they would talk, obviously.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10But I was young, I was in love, it was my life at the end of the day,
0:28:10 > 0:28:13so I decided I was going to leave.
0:28:13 > 0:28:15I didn't tell them I was getting married
0:28:15 > 0:28:19because there was no contact between us at all.
0:28:19 > 0:28:23So we just had a few friends and I was very happy.
0:28:23 > 0:28:27I did what I wanted to do, I did what my heart told me to do.
0:28:27 > 0:28:28I followed my heart.
0:28:32 > 0:28:35Such opposing forces of chapel and sex
0:28:35 > 0:28:39made single teenage girls vulnerable to the risk of pregnancy.
0:28:39 > 0:28:43But despite this, the very Welsh sexual revolution
0:28:43 > 0:28:46also brought the first few steps in women's liberation.
0:28:50 > 0:28:52Next time:
0:28:52 > 0:28:54We see how a rebellious new generation
0:28:54 > 0:28:57tried to create a brave new world in Wales.
0:29:01 > 0:29:04Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd