0:00:05 > 0:00:09Nelson Mandela's life was dedicated to the struggle
0:00:09 > 0:00:11to set his people free.
0:00:11 > 0:00:16I think one of the attributes of a leader
0:00:16 > 0:00:20is that he must be in it not for himself.
0:00:20 > 0:00:23We're talking about a man who was threatened with death,
0:00:23 > 0:00:28he was in jail, but he would not bend and when he came out,
0:00:28 > 0:00:31he embraced grace, forgiveness...
0:00:31 > 0:00:35It's hard to be that type of human.
0:00:35 > 0:00:39In the fight against apartheid in South Africa,
0:00:39 > 0:00:42Mandela felt violence was justified.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44He was arrested on a charge of treason
0:00:44 > 0:00:47and sentenced to life imprisonment.
0:00:47 > 0:00:51For 27 years, he was cut off from the outside world.
0:00:51 > 0:00:55One of the things that is difficult for me to comprehend
0:00:55 > 0:00:57is that we spent such a long time here.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Finally, in 1990, he was set free.
0:01:01 > 0:01:02CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:01:02 > 0:01:09Today, black and white recognise that apartheid has no future.
0:01:09 > 0:01:11CHEERING
0:01:13 > 0:01:15So help me God.
0:01:15 > 0:01:20Forgiving his oppressors, Mandela led a new South Africa.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23A freedom fighter who became a symbol of peace
0:01:23 > 0:01:26and reconciliation across the world.
0:01:27 > 0:01:30Mandela represents hope over despair,
0:01:30 > 0:01:36with a particular kind of vision that the impossible can be achieved.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38'He was the father of his country.'
0:01:38 > 0:01:43He was a wise, good, great, but exceedingly shrewd and tough man
0:01:43 > 0:01:48who understood that South Africa can only go forward together.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50'Incredibly magnanimous.'
0:01:52 > 0:01:57And with a wonderful capacity for including others.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11In the summer of 2008,
0:02:11 > 0:02:16over 40,000 people gathered in London's Hyde Park...
0:02:18 > 0:02:19..for a concert.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22For Nelson Mandela, let me see your hands!
0:02:26 > 0:02:29Mandela was celebrating his birthday.
0:02:29 > 0:02:32Looking pretty good for 90!
0:02:34 > 0:02:36# La, la, la, la... #
0:02:36 > 0:02:38CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:02:45 > 0:02:51Ladies and gentlemen, the one, the only, the birthday boy,
0:02:51 > 0:02:54Nelson Mandela!
0:02:54 > 0:02:56CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:02:56 > 0:02:59Mandela was so widely loved and respected
0:02:59 > 0:03:01that he could persuade the rich,
0:03:01 > 0:03:06the famous and the world's public to support him in his campaigns.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10Tonight...
0:03:10 > 0:03:13we can stand before you free.
0:03:15 > 0:03:20But let us remind ourselves that our work is far from complete.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24Where there is poverty and sickness,
0:03:24 > 0:03:27including AIDS,
0:03:27 > 0:03:32where human beings are being oppressed,
0:03:32 > 0:03:35there is more work to be done.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38Our work...
0:03:38 > 0:03:42is for freedom for all.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:03:45 > 0:03:50Mandela's own fight for freedom took him on a remarkable journey
0:03:50 > 0:03:52that began nearly a century ago.
0:03:59 > 0:04:04He was born in 1918 in South Africa,
0:04:04 > 0:04:08a country where black people were oppressed by a white minority.
0:04:11 > 0:04:15His home was in this remote village in the region of the Transkei.
0:04:18 > 0:04:21'He invited me to join him here in 2003,
0:04:21 > 0:04:25'during the course of recording a series of interviews with him.'
0:04:26 > 0:04:30This is an opportunity for me to come back here, I do.
0:04:30 > 0:04:35Because it evokes very pleasant memories, my being here.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38What kind of memories? Of childhood.
0:04:45 > 0:04:50Raised in a large family, Mandela was only nine when his father died.
0:04:50 > 0:04:54He went to live with his uncle, a tribal leader.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58He was a hard-working boy and the first in his family to go to school.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01'At that time,
0:05:01 > 0:05:05'the government took no interest whatsoever
0:05:05 > 0:05:08'in the education of blacks.'
0:05:08 > 0:05:11It was the missionaries who bought land,
0:05:11 > 0:05:16who put up buildings, who furnished them,
0:05:16 > 0:05:20who employed and paid teachers.
0:05:20 > 0:05:24And that is how I was brought up.
0:05:24 > 0:05:26ORGAN MUSIC
0:05:26 > 0:05:30When he was 19, he was sent to study at a Methodist college,
0:05:30 > 0:05:34his introduction to a wider world.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37Here, he heard for the first time about the ANC,
0:05:37 > 0:05:40the African National Congress,
0:05:40 > 0:05:43the party which was fighting for black South Africans.
0:05:45 > 0:05:50'People were not talking so much about traditional leaders,
0:05:50 > 0:05:53'but were talking about modern leaders.'
0:05:53 > 0:05:59This opened my eyes to something totally different,
0:05:59 > 0:06:04and all that was shaping my attitude.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06TOWNSHIP SINGING
0:06:06 > 0:06:08Mandela's family expected him
0:06:08 > 0:06:12to take on the responsibilities of a tribal leader.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14But he had other ideas.
0:06:17 > 0:06:22He ran away, and that decision took Mandela for the first time
0:06:22 > 0:06:24to the great city of Johannesburg.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38Life in the city was strictly segregated.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42His lodgings were in a township reserved for black people.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45He once said he'd never seen such poverty.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55Like many new arrivals, he found a job in the gold mines,
0:06:55 > 0:06:58working as a night-watchman.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01There, he saw at first hand the indignity suffered
0:07:01 > 0:07:06by the black population, in a country dominated by white people.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08He's a little bit thin.
0:07:08 > 0:07:10HE PANTS
0:07:10 > 0:07:12Their colours are good. Yes.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17I think you'd better have an X-ray. There you are.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23The young Mandela, known as Madiba to his friends,
0:07:23 > 0:07:28was content to ignore politics and enjoy life.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32He took up boxing, hoping he might one day be a champion.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35DANCE MUSIC PLAYS
0:07:35 > 0:07:37He enjoyed dancing
0:07:37 > 0:07:40and other night-life attractions that Johannesburg offered.
0:07:43 > 0:07:48Our hero was Victor Silvester, the chap who was a ballroom champion.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53And we tried to imitate him.
0:07:53 > 0:07:59Then we did the waltz and the tango, you know? And so on.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01But I was never a champion.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04But I liked dancing.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08At one point, you were a kind of man about town.
0:08:08 > 0:08:10I mean, you got all the best girls and...
0:08:10 > 0:08:12No, that's true. It's true, is it?
0:08:12 > 0:08:16You're not ashamed to say so? Oh, no, no, no. I mean, it's history.
0:08:16 > 0:08:17Er, people know.
0:08:17 > 0:08:21We think of him now and the world thinks of him now
0:08:21 > 0:08:25as a great statesman. As an icon, practically.
0:08:25 > 0:08:27And yet, he was a young man once,
0:08:27 > 0:08:30and I knew him when he was young.
0:08:30 > 0:08:34Vibrant and warm, friendly and naughty.
0:08:37 > 0:08:43When he was 26, Mandela married. His wife Evelyn was a nurse.
0:08:43 > 0:08:44They had three children.
0:08:49 > 0:08:53Compared to most black people, Mandela was well educated.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55He enrolled as a law student.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59A senior member of the ANC spotted him
0:08:59 > 0:09:02and got him a job as a legal clerk.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05His name was Walter Sisulu
0:09:05 > 0:09:09and he became the most important influence on Mandela's life.
0:09:09 > 0:09:15He struck me at once to be the type of a man I had been looking for.
0:09:15 > 0:09:19I looked upon him as a future leader himself.
0:09:19 > 0:09:26He had qualities which I knew would be useful in our movement.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32Mandela joined the ANC in 1944.
0:09:32 > 0:09:36He helped set up a radical youth wing, determined to fight
0:09:36 > 0:09:42the growing nationalism of the main white minority, the Afrikaners.
0:09:44 > 0:09:47TRANSLATION:
0:09:55 > 0:10:00The 1948 election brought the Afrikaner Nationalists to power.
0:10:01 > 0:10:07Racism and segregation, long common practice, were now enshrined in law.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10Black people had to carry passes to be in white-only areas.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13They had to use separate entrances, separate seats,
0:10:13 > 0:10:16in effect, lead separate lives.
0:10:18 > 0:10:23Our policy is one which is called by an Afrikaans word, apartheid.
0:10:24 > 0:10:28And I'm afraid that has been misunderstood so often.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30It could just as easily
0:10:30 > 0:10:35and perhaps much better be described as a policy of good neighbourliness.
0:10:41 > 0:10:43To fight apartheid,
0:10:43 > 0:10:48Mandela joined forces with another ANC activist, Oliver Tambo.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52They founded the first black law firm in South Africa.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56I met him for the first time
0:10:56 > 0:11:01practising with Oliver Tambo, and already
0:11:01 > 0:11:06at that time, you saw this sense of even-handedness.
0:11:06 > 0:11:11I just thought he was a handsome, tall guy,
0:11:11 > 0:11:17but I didn't think that he was going to cause a great deal of a splash.
0:11:17 > 0:11:19HE CHUCKLES
0:11:19 > 0:11:21How wrong we can be, yes. Mmm.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25Much of Mandela's work was defending black people
0:11:25 > 0:11:28against the rigid pass law offences.
0:11:28 > 0:11:32But he also took the fight against injustice to the streets.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38NEWS REPORT: In Johannesburg, premier city of South Africa,
0:11:38 > 0:11:41thousands of coloured people went to attend a protest meeting
0:11:41 > 0:11:44called by the African National Congress.
0:11:44 > 0:11:47The ANC started a defiance campaign,
0:11:47 > 0:11:51refusing to cooperate with laws they considered unjust.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55By opposing the authorities, Mandela risked jail.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58But he wanted to keep the protest peaceful.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03We hated the apartheid regime.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06We didn't want to have anything to do with them.
0:12:06 > 0:12:12But our brains said, "If you don't talk to these people,
0:12:12 > 0:12:15"this country is going to go up in smoke."
0:12:15 > 0:12:17CHANTING
0:12:18 > 0:12:20SHOUTING
0:12:23 > 0:12:26The white government rejected dialogue.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30Instead, as opposition to apartheid grew,
0:12:30 > 0:12:32they tried to suppress it by force.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37Mandela was arrested with 155 others,
0:12:37 > 0:12:41charged with plotting against the state.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45The Treason Trial, as it was known, dragged on
0:12:45 > 0:12:48for four-and-a-half years.
0:12:50 > 0:12:55Outside the court room, a new face could be seen among the crowd.
0:12:55 > 0:12:59Mandela had met and fallen in love with a social worker,
0:12:59 > 0:13:01Winnie Madikizela.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04His marriage to Evelyn had ended in divorce
0:13:04 > 0:13:07and, two years into the trial, he married Winnie.
0:13:09 > 0:13:11When he met Winnie,
0:13:11 > 0:13:14it was the end of the other girlfriends, in a sense.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17He adored her. He loved her tremendously.
0:13:17 > 0:13:21Winnie was the main attraction in his life.
0:13:21 > 0:13:24But life with Winnie was never going to be easy.
0:13:26 > 0:13:31He telephoned me and jokingly told me that he had married trouble.
0:13:31 > 0:13:36His wife was up on a charge of assaulting a policeman.
0:13:36 > 0:13:40I defended her successfully. That pleased him no end
0:13:40 > 0:13:45and that started a relationship amongst the three of us.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48I think that I probably defended her about 20 times
0:13:48 > 0:13:50during a period of 20, 25 years.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56Eventually, the Treason Trial came to an end
0:13:56 > 0:14:00and the judges reached a verdict - not guilty.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02The defendants celebrated,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05determined to continue their campaign.
0:14:06 > 0:14:09But white South Africa, feeling increasingly threatened,
0:14:09 > 0:14:12prepared for the worst.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19NEWS REPORT: Demonstrations against the South African government's
0:14:19 > 0:14:23strict apartheid policies flare into shocking violence.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27March 1960. A crowd of 10,000 protested in Sharpeville.
0:14:27 > 0:14:31The police response was devastating.
0:14:31 > 0:14:35The crowd refused to disperse. Police opened fire into the crowd...
0:14:35 > 0:14:4069 were killed, many shot in the back while running away.
0:14:42 > 0:14:45The authorities were unrepentant.
0:14:47 > 0:14:52Mandela made a public display of burning his pass,
0:14:52 > 0:14:54urging others to do the same.
0:14:57 > 0:15:01The government responded by declaring a state of emergency.
0:15:01 > 0:15:03The ANC was banned.
0:15:06 > 0:15:10Now a wanted man, Mandela was forced to leave his family
0:15:10 > 0:15:13and go underground, always on the move,
0:15:13 > 0:15:15travelling in disguise.
0:15:21 > 0:15:22By this time,
0:15:22 > 0:15:27he was becoming impatient at the failure of peaceful protest.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30His thoughts were turning to other methods.
0:15:30 > 0:15:35It was quite clear that the apartheid regime did not want
0:15:35 > 0:15:37to have any discussions with us.
0:15:38 > 0:15:44And I was the man who proposed that we should take up arms.
0:15:45 > 0:15:50Did you have any doubts about crossing the Rubicon of violence?
0:15:50 > 0:15:53No, no. I was determined that the time had come.
0:15:53 > 0:15:58There are many people who feel that it is useless and futile for us
0:15:58 > 0:16:01to continue talking peace and non violence
0:16:01 > 0:16:05against a government whose reply is only savage attacks
0:16:05 > 0:16:09on an unarmed and defenceless people.
0:16:18 > 0:16:23The idea in my mind was not that we were going to win,
0:16:23 > 0:16:26but that we were going to focus
0:16:26 > 0:16:30the attention of the world on our demands.
0:16:35 > 0:16:40Mandela now established a new military wing of the ANC.
0:16:41 > 0:16:45Their targets were power supplies and government buildings.
0:16:48 > 0:16:52The aim was to avoid loss of life, but Mandela later wrote
0:16:52 > 0:16:56that if sabotage failed, he'd adopt other methods.
0:16:57 > 0:17:00You said you were starting with sabotage,
0:17:00 > 0:17:04but you said that if that didn't work, you'd consider terrorism
0:17:04 > 0:17:06and guerrilla warfare.
0:17:06 > 0:17:09How far is it right to go? We never embarked on terrorism.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12But you said you would if sabotage didn't work, didn't you?
0:17:12 > 0:17:15No, no. You wrote that you would.
0:17:15 > 0:17:21Terrorism means any individual,
0:17:21 > 0:17:26organisation or state
0:17:26 > 0:17:29that attacks innocent individuals.
0:17:29 > 0:17:33That's what terrorism is. We never did.
0:17:35 > 0:17:41In 1962, Mandela left South Africa illegally to raise funds
0:17:41 > 0:17:44and recruit fighters throughout Africa.
0:17:44 > 0:17:50We made it clear that your object is military targets.
0:17:52 > 0:17:57Part of my training was what they called demolition work.
0:17:58 > 0:18:00I was expert...
0:18:00 > 0:18:03in exploding bombs.
0:18:06 > 0:18:08When Mandela returned to South Africa,
0:18:08 > 0:18:11the intelligence services were on his trail.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14On the road to Johannesburg, he was arrested
0:18:14 > 0:18:18and charged with leaving the country without a passport.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20SIREN BLARES
0:18:23 > 0:18:27At his trial, Mandela denounced the proceedings against him,
0:18:27 > 0:18:32saying he was a black man being wrongly tried in a white man's court
0:18:32 > 0:18:36and he defiantly wore his traditional dress.
0:18:39 > 0:18:44Found guilty, he was sentenced to five years in jail.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51But the ANC continued their campaign.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55A year later, at a farmhouse in Rivonia, near Johannesburg,
0:18:55 > 0:18:59the entire top leadership was arrested.
0:18:59 > 0:19:02Police found plans for sabotage
0:19:02 > 0:19:06and guerrilla warfare which implicated Mandela.
0:19:06 > 0:19:10He and his colleagues now faced serious charges
0:19:10 > 0:19:13of plotting against the state.
0:19:13 > 0:19:16If convicted, they faced the death penalty.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23I said to our chaps,
0:19:23 > 0:19:27"We are going to die in any case.
0:19:27 > 0:19:31"Let's disappear under a cloud of glory.
0:19:31 > 0:19:35"Let's show them that we can use their platform to fight them."
0:19:36 > 0:19:38Facing the gallows,
0:19:38 > 0:19:42Mandela turned the courtroom into a political platform
0:19:42 > 0:19:45with a dramatic speech from the dock.
0:20:11 > 0:20:17After an agonising three-week delay, the judge finally gave his verdict.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20Right up to the time when the judge said,
0:20:20 > 0:20:24"Stand up for your sentence," on 12 June 1964,
0:20:24 > 0:20:26we expected the death sentence.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29There was a collective sigh of relief
0:20:29 > 0:20:32when he said, "Life imprisonment with hard labour."
0:20:36 > 0:20:39I shall never lose hope and my people shall never lose hope.
0:20:39 > 0:20:43In fact, we expect that the work will go on.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47SHOUTING
0:20:47 > 0:20:50The vast majority of the white people
0:20:50 > 0:20:52expected the death sentence to be imposed
0:20:52 > 0:20:55and they were disappointed that it was not.
0:20:55 > 0:20:57What was their view of Mandela?
0:20:57 > 0:20:58He was a terrorist.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04If you asked ten white people
0:21:04 > 0:21:08what was Mandela's occupation,
0:21:08 > 0:21:12nine would not have known that he was an attorney.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16He was just a black terrorist.
0:21:20 > 0:21:24Mandela and his co-defendants were sent to Robben Island,
0:21:24 > 0:21:28an isolated prison from which escape was impossible.
0:21:28 > 0:21:30They had avoided the death penalty,
0:21:30 > 0:21:35but faced an indeterminate sentence in jail.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45Years after he was freed, we took Mandela
0:21:45 > 0:21:48and his former colleague Kathrada back to Robben Island.
0:21:51 > 0:21:57Which was mine, now? Number four. Here we are. Uh-huh.
0:21:57 > 0:22:02Mandela's home measured 8ft by 7.
0:22:02 > 0:22:04He slept on the floor and had a bucket,
0:22:04 > 0:22:07known as a ballie, for a toilet.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12Those are not the ballies we had, remember?
0:22:12 > 0:22:16Our ballies were smaller. I see.
0:22:17 > 0:22:21One of the things that is difficult for me to comprehend
0:22:21 > 0:22:23is that we spent such a long time here.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28Of course there were painful moments
0:22:28 > 0:22:32because the apartheid regime was an expert
0:22:32 > 0:22:37in persecuting people psychologically.
0:22:41 > 0:22:43When we first arrived here,
0:22:43 > 0:22:48the warders had been indoctrinated to believe these were subhuman.
0:22:48 > 0:22:52They were trying to break us down, crush our spirits,
0:22:52 > 0:22:56so that they could have a very subservient group of prisoners.
0:23:00 > 0:23:04For 13 years, Mandela was given hard labour.
0:23:04 > 0:23:07He was forced to quarry limestone.
0:23:14 > 0:23:18Always defiant, he resisted attempts by the guards
0:23:18 > 0:23:21to humiliate and bully him.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26They use an expression which is used
0:23:26 > 0:23:28when you are driving oxen.
0:23:30 > 0:23:31In Afrikaans - haak.
0:23:33 > 0:23:35Now, we resented that.
0:23:38 > 0:23:41It was Nelson who said
0:23:41 > 0:23:44"Comrades, let's be slower than ever."
0:23:44 > 0:23:47It was clear, therefore,
0:23:47 > 0:23:50that the steps we were taking would make it impossible
0:23:50 > 0:23:53ever to reach the quarry where we were going to.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57They were compelled to negotiate with Nelson.
0:23:57 > 0:23:59MAN SPEAKS IN AFRIKAANS
0:24:01 > 0:24:05TRANSLATION: You could definitely see that Nelson Mandela was the leader.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07When he spoke to them,
0:24:07 > 0:24:11they would stop, or work, or whatever he told them.
0:24:13 > 0:24:17I watched Nelson Mandela for two hours, the way he was working.
0:24:17 > 0:24:20It took him ten minutes to lift his pickaxe,
0:24:20 > 0:24:24lift it from the ground above his head. Ten minutes!
0:24:29 > 0:24:33I charged him and he was sentenced to only receiving rice water.
0:24:41 > 0:24:46One of Mandela's heaviest burdens was being separated from Winnie.
0:24:48 > 0:24:52She was my wife. I had two children with her. I loved her.
0:24:54 > 0:25:00I thought about her very often, and that's reflected in my letters.
0:25:00 > 0:25:04But private mail was another weapon used against the prisoners.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12TRANSLATION: The head of the prison enforced the policy
0:25:12 > 0:25:16that we should try to break the prisoners down by censoring letters.
0:25:16 > 0:25:18We mixed up their correspondence,
0:25:18 > 0:25:21so they lost contact with their families.
0:25:23 > 0:25:27The prisoners knew we were burning letters
0:25:27 > 0:25:29when they picked up the butts. They were very upset.
0:25:33 > 0:25:37Family visits were severely restricted.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40Winnie was only allowed to see Mandela every six months.
0:25:40 > 0:25:46His two young daughters were refused permission to visit for ten years.
0:25:46 > 0:25:50When his son was killed in a car crash, Mandela wasn't allowed
0:25:50 > 0:25:54to the funeral, nor to his mother's when she died a year later.
0:25:56 > 0:25:59Mandela had now been in jail for 12 years,
0:25:59 > 0:26:02but the government had still not succeeded
0:26:02 > 0:26:04in crushing black opposition.
0:26:06 > 0:26:11In 1976, the black youths of a new generation
0:26:11 > 0:26:14protested against apartheid on the streets of Soweto.
0:26:17 > 0:26:19NEWS REPORT: What started as a peaceful protest,
0:26:19 > 0:26:23degenerated into a rampage which left hundreds dead
0:26:23 > 0:26:26and cost the country an estimated 50 million rand.
0:26:26 > 0:26:31The young ringleaders were arrested and sent to Robben Island.
0:26:33 > 0:26:36There they came face to face with Mandela
0:26:36 > 0:26:38and the old guard of the ANC.
0:26:38 > 0:26:41Mandela has been here with all these people.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43Are they still the same?
0:26:43 > 0:26:45That was the main question.
0:26:45 > 0:26:47Are they as revolutionary as us?
0:26:47 > 0:26:51Are they fighters? Is that spirit of freedom still alive?
0:26:51 > 0:26:54The fire in their bellies, like us?
0:26:54 > 0:26:58The newly arrived firebrands were gradually won round
0:26:58 > 0:27:01by Walter Sisulu and Mandela,
0:27:01 > 0:27:05who'd been elected leader of the ANC prisoners.
0:27:05 > 0:27:07Were you proud to be chosen?
0:27:07 > 0:27:12Proud, in the sense that that was an honour.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15At the same time,
0:27:15 > 0:27:19the impression that you are a demigod worried me.
0:27:19 > 0:27:25I wanted to be regarded just like an ordinary human being,
0:27:25 > 0:27:27with virtues and vices.
0:27:29 > 0:27:32The ANC was still outlawed.
0:27:32 > 0:27:36It was illegal even to publish its name or to refer to Mandela.
0:27:37 > 0:27:41The government hoped that the memory of him would fade.
0:27:41 > 0:27:46But his wife's defiance kept Mandela's name alive.
0:27:46 > 0:27:49We are fighting for a South Africa...
0:27:52 > 0:27:55..which can only be led by him.
0:27:55 > 0:28:00He is the only hope for this country.
0:28:00 > 0:28:04That lady made a massive contribution
0:28:04 > 0:28:06towards the struggle.
0:28:06 > 0:28:08There was one time
0:28:08 > 0:28:14when she became almost the pillar of the organisation inside the country.
0:28:14 > 0:28:20Outside South Africa, support for Mandela was growing.
0:28:21 > 0:28:26Nelson Mandela had this almost mystical impact,
0:28:26 > 0:28:29because of his power, because of his dignity,
0:28:29 > 0:28:31and that transmitted itself
0:28:31 > 0:28:34even from his incarceration in those cold cells
0:28:34 > 0:28:36in Robben Island.
0:28:36 > 0:28:38CHANTING AND SINGING
0:28:38 > 0:28:42And it gradually seeped out into schoolchildren and communities.
0:28:45 > 0:28:49By the mid-1980s, he had become this international figure.
0:28:49 > 0:28:52He became a legend, increasingly,
0:28:52 > 0:28:57so that you have roads named after him, student unions named after him.
0:28:57 > 0:29:00PROTESTORS CHANT
0:29:00 > 0:29:04He became the person who symbolised the freedom struggle.
0:29:05 > 0:29:09Some of the strongest support for the anti-apartheid movement
0:29:09 > 0:29:10came from Britain.
0:29:10 > 0:29:14PROTESTORS SHOUT
0:29:14 > 0:29:16Different interest groups in the United Kingdom
0:29:16 > 0:29:21began to ask the question, what can we do?
0:29:21 > 0:29:24And it became a classless thing.
0:29:24 > 0:29:28It wasn't just trade unions. The civil society became
0:29:28 > 0:29:33very, very conscious and, if you like, this particular blot
0:29:33 > 0:29:37on the global landscape was everybody's business.
0:29:37 > 0:29:39CHANTING: Victory to the ANC!
0:29:39 > 0:29:43In South Africa, the white government stood firm,
0:29:43 > 0:29:49ignoring protest and economic sanctions from around the world.
0:29:49 > 0:29:54Mandela had been imprisoned for 20 years and there he would stay.
0:29:54 > 0:30:00I have always been confident that we'd win, but there were times
0:30:00 > 0:30:06when the apartheid regime appeared to be stronger...
0:30:06 > 0:30:07and I had doubts.
0:30:10 > 0:30:12SCREAMING
0:30:12 > 0:30:16But the young black activists would not give in.
0:30:16 > 0:30:19Their aim was to make South Africa ungovernable.
0:30:23 > 0:30:25SCREAMING
0:30:25 > 0:30:29With the country now on the verge of social and economic collapse,
0:30:29 > 0:30:31the government needed to find a way out.
0:30:35 > 0:30:40The South African President offered Mandela his freedom,
0:30:40 > 0:30:42but with conditions attached.
0:30:42 > 0:30:48I am prepared to release Mr Mandela,
0:30:48 > 0:30:55if he would say that he rejects violence as a means to reach
0:30:55 > 0:30:58and to achieve political ends.
0:30:58 > 0:31:04Mandela's reply from prison was read out by his daughter at a rally
0:31:04 > 0:31:09in Soweto - the first time he had been quoted in public for 20 years.
0:31:09 > 0:31:16My father says, "I cannot and will not give any undertaking
0:31:16 > 0:31:20"at a time when I and you, the people, are not free.
0:31:20 > 0:31:23"Your freedom and mine cannot be separated."
0:31:23 > 0:31:24CHEERING
0:31:24 > 0:31:26"I will return. Amandla!"
0:31:26 > 0:31:29CROWD RESPONDS
0:31:29 > 0:31:31CHEERING
0:31:35 > 0:31:39Mandela's uncompromising message was welcomed by the crowd.
0:31:39 > 0:31:43Nothing less than full democracy was acceptable.
0:31:46 > 0:31:51Around the world, calls for Mandela's release intensified.
0:31:51 > 0:31:55In London, young people, many not born when Mandela
0:31:55 > 0:32:00was last seen in public, joined in a celebration of his 70th birthday.
0:32:00 > 0:32:04There was this huge feeling of support for Mandela.
0:32:04 > 0:32:07You've got this real sense that this concert was being beamed
0:32:07 > 0:32:09all over the world and somewhere in South Africa,
0:32:09 > 0:32:11there were bootleg tapes being made
0:32:11 > 0:32:15and he might see it at some point, and that was a very joyful thing.
0:32:15 > 0:32:18This show is going out to 60 different countries.
0:32:18 > 0:32:23That means at this moment in time, 200 million people are watching.
0:32:23 > 0:32:25CHEERING
0:32:25 > 0:32:28As the day progressed, you really felt
0:32:28 > 0:32:32as if there was a massive change and understanding taking place.
0:32:32 > 0:32:38It was a real point of arrival where young people said
0:32:38 > 0:32:39this is not acceptable.
0:32:39 > 0:32:42Thank you!
0:32:42 > 0:32:44CHEERING
0:32:44 > 0:32:47Our cause was now supported by the entire world
0:32:47 > 0:32:52and apartheid South Africa was a polecat of the world.
0:32:52 > 0:32:54It was completely isolated.
0:32:54 > 0:32:57I want you to scream out loud and clear
0:32:57 > 0:33:00five times - how long.
0:33:00 > 0:33:08CROWD: How long? Again!
0:33:08 > 0:33:12The following year, white South Africa elected a new President -
0:33:12 > 0:33:14FW de Klerk.
0:33:14 > 0:33:18He realised that Mandela held the key to any settlement.
0:33:18 > 0:33:22Mandela had been moved to the comfort of a prison warder's house
0:33:22 > 0:33:25near Cape Town.
0:33:25 > 0:33:27De Klerk began secret talks with him
0:33:27 > 0:33:31about a political settlement that would set him free.
0:33:31 > 0:33:35But when ANC colleagues visited Mandela, they were suspicious.
0:33:37 > 0:33:40When we reached the beautiful home,
0:33:40 > 0:33:42this is not a prison.
0:33:42 > 0:33:46Wine farming area,
0:33:46 > 0:33:47swimming pool...
0:33:49 > 0:33:53..microwaves, television sets...
0:33:53 > 0:33:54I concluded he has sold us out.
0:33:57 > 0:33:59The story went sweeping through the country
0:33:59 > 0:34:01that Mandela was selling out.
0:34:01 > 0:34:05You would hesitate to say it as a colleague of Mandela,
0:34:05 > 0:34:07but lurking there
0:34:07 > 0:34:11was the idea that when you are alone in a corner,
0:34:11 > 0:34:14they have all the resources, they'll out...
0:34:14 > 0:34:17They will bait you into a trap.
0:34:17 > 0:34:19But Mandela did not sell out.
0:34:21 > 0:34:26I was confident that when it came to argument,
0:34:26 > 0:34:30that we want all the rights of citizenship in our country,
0:34:30 > 0:34:33we're superior to them.
0:34:33 > 0:34:36At times, there were about five of them, sometimes six,
0:34:36 > 0:34:41but I was alone, so I had to prepare my case very well.
0:34:41 > 0:34:47Mandela's demands were clear. Equal rights and equal votes for everyone.
0:34:47 > 0:34:51His refusal to compromise gave the government no choice.
0:34:53 > 0:34:55It became clear to me
0:34:55 > 0:34:59that he has a pivotal role to play
0:34:59 > 0:35:01and that he WAS playing it
0:35:01 > 0:35:03irrespective of the fact that he was in jail.
0:35:06 > 0:35:12I wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a firm decision
0:35:12 > 0:35:14to release Mr Mandela unconditionally.
0:35:14 > 0:35:19I am serious about bringing this matter to finality without delay.
0:35:21 > 0:35:24February 11th 1990.
0:35:24 > 0:35:27The world waited to see Mandela's face
0:35:27 > 0:35:31for the first time in over a quarter of a century.
0:35:31 > 0:35:34He had won his freedom on HIS terms.
0:35:34 > 0:35:40NEWS REPORT: This is the hour. This is the hour the world has been waiting for.
0:35:42 > 0:35:47With friends and family at his side, Mandela prepared to walk to freedom.
0:35:52 > 0:35:54It was early on a Sunday morning
0:35:54 > 0:35:57in Arkansas. I got my daughter up, took her down,
0:35:57 > 0:36:00we turned on the television
0:36:00 > 0:36:03and we watched him walk to freedom together.
0:36:03 > 0:36:05I'll never forget it.
0:36:05 > 0:36:09NEWS REPORT: There's Mr Mandela, Mr Nelson Mandela, a free man,
0:36:09 > 0:36:14taking his first steps into a new South Africa.
0:36:15 > 0:36:17NELSON MANDELA: 'When I saw that crowd,
0:36:17 > 0:36:20'it aroused feelings of excitement
0:36:20 > 0:36:24'I couldn't control, I couldn't describe.'
0:36:24 > 0:36:28Nobody believed that they would ever live to see this day
0:36:28 > 0:36:32and we all felt that we were part of this thing.
0:36:32 > 0:36:36I felt that I was liberated.
0:36:36 > 0:36:41I felt that I was free,
0:36:41 > 0:36:45having seen this man, after so many years, free.
0:36:50 > 0:36:53Mandela made his way to Cape Town,
0:36:53 > 0:36:57where a huge crowd waited to hear him speak
0:36:57 > 0:37:00for the first time as a free man.
0:37:00 > 0:37:04Today, the majority of South Africans,
0:37:04 > 0:37:07black and white,
0:37:07 > 0:37:10recognise that apartheid has no future.
0:37:12 > 0:37:14CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:37:16 > 0:37:21CROWD SINGS: "NKOSI SIKELEL'I AFRIKA"
0:37:21 > 0:37:25Mandela was at last reunited with his wife Winnie,
0:37:25 > 0:37:29but it wasn't the happy homecoming he had longed for.
0:37:29 > 0:37:34Winnie's defiant support of her husband had come at a price.
0:37:34 > 0:37:38She too had been persecuted and imprisoned,
0:37:38 > 0:37:42but her own wayward behaviour had lost her sympathy.
0:37:44 > 0:37:47MEN CHANT
0:37:47 > 0:37:48While Mandela was in jail,
0:37:48 > 0:37:52Winnie had recruited a young gang to protect her.
0:37:52 > 0:37:56They were known as the Mandela United Football Club.
0:37:56 > 0:38:00They were implicated in the murder of a 14-year-old boy,
0:38:00 > 0:38:03and Winnie was charged with kidnap and assault.
0:38:05 > 0:38:07I feel sad about her
0:38:07 > 0:38:09because there is so much that she did...
0:38:10 > 0:38:14..and yet, when she stumbled,
0:38:14 > 0:38:20and people tried, including Madiba, to give her that support,
0:38:20 > 0:38:22she failed to respond.
0:38:22 > 0:38:23CHEERING
0:38:23 > 0:38:26Mandela stood by her during her trial
0:38:26 > 0:38:29and she escaped with a suspended sentence,
0:38:29 > 0:38:33but his loyalty was being sorely tested.
0:38:33 > 0:38:37Winnie was having an affair, and there had been allegations
0:38:37 > 0:38:40of other infidelities while he was in prison.
0:38:40 > 0:38:42Two years after he left jail,
0:38:42 > 0:38:45Mandela bowed to the inevitable.
0:38:47 > 0:38:50We have mutually agreed
0:38:50 > 0:38:54that a separation would be best for each one of us.
0:38:57 > 0:38:58Ladies and gentlemen,
0:38:58 > 0:39:01I hope you'll appreciate...
0:39:02 > 0:39:05..the pain I have gone through.
0:39:06 > 0:39:09ANGRY SHOUTING
0:39:09 > 0:39:10Mandela's release
0:39:10 > 0:39:13and the government's willingness to negotiate with him
0:39:13 > 0:39:19triggered a power struggle between the ANC and a rival political group,
0:39:19 > 0:39:21the Zulu Inkatha movement.
0:39:21 > 0:39:24Violence between the two groups
0:39:24 > 0:39:27threatened to destroy any hope of a peaceful settlement.
0:39:29 > 0:39:34Mandela urged young ANC supporters to make peace.
0:39:35 > 0:39:39Take your guns,
0:39:39 > 0:39:44your knives and your pangas
0:39:44 > 0:39:47and throw them into the sea.
0:39:48 > 0:39:50JEERING
0:39:52 > 0:39:54What was your reaction
0:39:54 > 0:39:59when you heard your words just fall on such stony ground?
0:40:01 > 0:40:03I was not surprised.
0:40:03 > 0:40:08That's why I said, "If I am your leader, you have to listen to me
0:40:08 > 0:40:12"and if you don't want to listen to me, then drop me as your leader."
0:40:13 > 0:40:17Against this background of uncertainty,
0:40:17 > 0:40:20negotiations began for the future of South Africa.
0:40:20 > 0:40:24Mandela, once considered a terrorist, was now the peacemaker.
0:40:26 > 0:40:29'The first meeting was very impressive.
0:40:29 > 0:40:33'His statement there I will never forget.'
0:40:33 > 0:40:36It was with no bitterness, no vengefulness,
0:40:36 > 0:40:39not a sign of hatred.
0:40:41 > 0:40:44At no stage did he endeavour to exploit
0:40:44 > 0:40:48or use his 27 years in prison.
0:40:48 > 0:40:51There was a statesman speaking as if he was never in prison.
0:40:51 > 0:40:55Talks were painstakingly slow,
0:40:55 > 0:40:57but an event outside the negotiating room
0:40:57 > 0:41:00brought the urgency of the task into focus.
0:41:02 > 0:41:04NEWS REPORT: The assassination of Chris Hani
0:41:04 > 0:41:07has shocked South Africa and triggered fears
0:41:07 > 0:41:10in a country where violence and retaliation are commonplace.
0:41:13 > 0:41:18Chris Hani was one of the country's most popular black politicians.
0:41:18 > 0:41:21His assassination by a white extremist
0:41:21 > 0:41:24threatened to trigger all-out race war.
0:41:26 > 0:41:29INDISTINCT SPEECH
0:41:34 > 0:41:39An outburst of rioting and looting left 70 dead.
0:41:39 > 0:41:43Only one man now had the authority to calm the country.
0:41:43 > 0:41:45They saw the urgency of the situation.
0:41:45 > 0:41:47I think everybody understood that this is it.
0:41:47 > 0:41:51So there was no argument, and that evening
0:41:51 > 0:41:55he entered the television station, for the first time live.
0:41:55 > 0:41:58We are a nation in mourning.
0:41:58 > 0:42:02Our pain and anger is real.
0:42:02 > 0:42:05Yet we must not permit ourselves
0:42:05 > 0:42:08to be provoked by those
0:42:08 > 0:42:14who seek to deny us the very thing Chris Hani gave his life for.
0:42:14 > 0:42:16This is the defining moment
0:42:16 > 0:42:19when Nelson Mandela resumed the reins
0:42:19 > 0:42:22because he had to rescue a terrible situation in the country.
0:42:24 > 0:42:27In effect, Mandela became President on that day.
0:42:33 > 0:42:38The negotiations for free elections took four years.
0:42:38 > 0:42:41But for the first time, in April 1994,
0:42:41 > 0:42:46black South Africans were given an equal vote with whites.
0:42:46 > 0:42:4923 million people went to the polls.
0:42:54 > 0:43:00We were turning a new page in the history of South Africa.
0:43:00 > 0:43:06This was in my mind as I cast that ballot paper.
0:43:11 > 0:43:14APPLAUSE
0:43:14 > 0:43:16People can't believe it
0:43:16 > 0:43:18when you say, "Hey! I'm free!
0:43:18 > 0:43:19"I'm free!"
0:43:19 > 0:43:22And you are walking tall.
0:43:22 > 0:43:25And cloud nine -
0:43:25 > 0:43:27well, that's too low.
0:43:31 > 0:43:34The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
0:43:34 > 0:43:39The ANC won power, Nelson Mandela was the new President
0:43:39 > 0:43:42and the world came to the capital, Pretoria,
0:43:42 > 0:43:48to pay tribute to the man who'd led South Africa out of its nightmare.
0:43:48 > 0:43:50# Mandela!
0:43:50 > 0:43:52# Mandela! #
0:44:10 > 0:44:17I never imagined that the world would give us the support we enjoyed
0:44:17 > 0:44:21and to be known as a miracle country,
0:44:21 > 0:44:23I had never expected that,
0:44:23 > 0:44:26but that gave us a lot of pride.
0:44:30 > 0:44:34I, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela,
0:44:34 > 0:44:41do hereby swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa.
0:44:43 > 0:44:47The election of Mandela was not a magic wand that could be waved
0:44:47 > 0:44:50to heal the wounds of old hatreds.
0:44:50 > 0:44:53Mandela realised he had to reach out to the white minority
0:44:53 > 0:44:58and he did so by embracing their powerful tribal symbol - rugby.
0:44:58 > 0:45:00It was the World Cup final,
0:45:00 > 0:45:05the South African Springboks against the New Zealand All Blacks.
0:45:05 > 0:45:08CROWD: Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!
0:45:08 > 0:45:11I went round the stadium.
0:45:12 > 0:45:16I did not expect such an ovation.
0:45:17 > 0:45:20A momentous occasion, unbelievable occasion
0:45:20 > 0:45:24and there was Madiba wearing a Springbok jumper.
0:45:24 > 0:45:29I thought, "Wow!" And in his very calm, collected way, sincere way,
0:45:29 > 0:45:31he wished the guys well.
0:45:31 > 0:45:33Then he turned around
0:45:33 > 0:45:36and when he turned around, I saw it was my number
0:45:36 > 0:45:40and I was just, that's it, you know, I was ready to run through anything
0:45:40 > 0:45:42and do whatever's necessary to win this game.
0:45:42 > 0:45:44CROWD: Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!
0:45:44 > 0:45:48Any other president in the world would have worn his best suit.
0:45:48 > 0:45:51Here comes a guy that was incarcerated
0:45:51 > 0:45:53supporting a white man's game,
0:45:53 > 0:45:56wearing a white man's jumper. Incredible.
0:45:59 > 0:46:03ALL SING: "NKOSI SIKELEL'I AFRIKA"
0:46:03 > 0:46:06I couldn't sing. I was biting my lower lip
0:46:06 > 0:46:09because I knew if I opened my mouth, I would start to cry.
0:46:09 > 0:46:13I was just so proud, unbelievably proud.
0:46:22 > 0:46:26In the closing minutes, the Springboks scored a drop goal
0:46:26 > 0:46:30and won the match and, with it, the World Cup.
0:46:34 > 0:46:38It wasn't a victory for white South Africa.
0:46:38 > 0:46:41This was a victory for all of South Africa
0:46:41 > 0:46:44and he was there, sharing it with us.
0:46:44 > 0:46:46Let's follow the detractors' route
0:46:46 > 0:46:50and say, "It was a very shrewd political move." OK, fine.
0:46:50 > 0:46:54But the way in which he carried that political move was just tremendous.
0:46:56 > 0:46:59CROWD CHEERS
0:47:04 > 0:47:10TRANSLATION: If they can just show us the bones of my child,
0:47:10 > 0:47:13I will be grateful.
0:47:13 > 0:47:17Where did they leave the bones of my child?
0:47:17 > 0:47:20Where did they take him?
0:47:20 > 0:47:23The toughest challenge Mandela faced
0:47:23 > 0:47:28was to persuade South Africa to forget the horrors of the past
0:47:28 > 0:47:31and not seek revenge. At public hearings,
0:47:31 > 0:47:35victims were encouraged to confront their aggressors,
0:47:35 > 0:47:38who escaped prosecution if they confessed.
0:47:38 > 0:47:41TRANSLATION: He took my genitals
0:47:41 > 0:47:46and Mr X shut the drawer.
0:47:50 > 0:47:52He squeezed and squeezed.
0:47:52 > 0:47:59What kind of man, listening to those moans and cries and groans,
0:47:59 > 0:48:04and taking each of those people very near to their deaths,
0:48:04 > 0:48:08what kind of man is that?
0:48:09 > 0:48:12Not only you have asked me that question.
0:48:12 > 0:48:16If we don't forgive them,
0:48:16 > 0:48:21then that feeling of bitterness and revenge will be there
0:48:21 > 0:48:26and we are saying, "Let us forget the past.
0:48:26 > 0:48:31"Let's concern ourselves with the present and the future, but to say
0:48:31 > 0:48:36"the atrocities of the past will never be allowed to happen again."
0:48:36 > 0:48:40My wife was sitting right at the door where you came in.
0:48:42 > 0:48:45VOICE BREAKING: She was wearing a long blue coat.
0:48:45 > 0:48:48Can you remember if you shot her?
0:48:54 > 0:48:58When he says, "Guys, we've got to forgive,"
0:48:58 > 0:49:02nobody could say, "You are being facile,
0:49:02 > 0:49:04"you are talking glibly about forgiveness.
0:49:04 > 0:49:08"What do you know about suffering?" 27 years, you know.
0:49:08 > 0:49:10TRANSLATION: We are sorry...
0:49:11 > 0:49:13..for what we have done.
0:49:15 > 0:49:18It was the situation in South Africa.
0:49:18 > 0:49:23BILL CLINTON: He did something almost historically unique...
0:49:23 > 0:49:26We are asking from you,
0:49:26 > 0:49:28please do forgive us.
0:49:31 > 0:49:35..which raised the prospect that people could be held accountable
0:49:35 > 0:49:39without being punished in a traditional sense.
0:49:39 > 0:49:43This is something virtually without precedent in humanity.
0:49:49 > 0:49:52..two...three!
0:49:53 > 0:49:56CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:49:56 > 0:49:58On his 80th birthday,
0:49:58 > 0:50:00Mandela married once more.
0:50:03 > 0:50:06His third wife was Graca Machel,
0:50:06 > 0:50:09widow of the President of Mozambique,
0:50:09 > 0:50:11who'd died 12 years earlier.
0:50:13 > 0:50:18The beginning of our closeness, if I can say,
0:50:18 > 0:50:21it was two people
0:50:21 > 0:50:25who had been very hurt by life.
0:50:26 > 0:50:30That sense of being lonely
0:50:30 > 0:50:36and trying to find answers for a very deep sense of pain and loss,
0:50:36 > 0:50:38I think that's what sparked our connection.
0:50:38 > 0:50:41One, two, three!
0:50:43 > 0:50:47Take off your shoes and your skirt and go and jump with them!
0:50:47 > 0:50:49LAUGHTER
0:50:49 > 0:50:53Between them, Nelson and Graca had 45 grandchildren
0:50:53 > 0:50:55and great-grandchildren.
0:50:57 > 0:51:02Madiba had very little of family life before.
0:51:04 > 0:51:07He was married, he had children,
0:51:07 > 0:51:09but because of his obligations,
0:51:09 > 0:51:13he never had time to have a normal family life.
0:51:21 > 0:51:25It was that possibility again
0:51:25 > 0:51:28of him regaining a family
0:51:28 > 0:51:33and the space where you take away all your defences
0:51:33 > 0:51:36and you are just a human being.
0:51:41 > 0:51:43# Nelson Mandela
0:51:43 > 0:51:47# Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela... #
0:51:47 > 0:51:50At the end of his five-year term as President,
0:51:50 > 0:51:53Mandela kept his promise to step down,
0:51:53 > 0:51:55but had no intention of leaving the stage.
0:51:58 > 0:52:03I'll have to get you the Sowetan. Oh, I see. I'll get it now.
0:52:03 > 0:52:07Retirement didn't change the hectic pace of his life.
0:52:07 > 0:52:11You'll get me these people too, you know, get all those. Yeah.
0:52:11 > 0:52:14And then I would like to speak to the Pope
0:52:14 > 0:52:18and then to President Putin
0:52:18 > 0:52:22and then Sukarnoputri. OK.
0:52:23 > 0:52:25MUSIC AND CHEERING
0:52:29 > 0:52:33He used his pulling power with world leaders and celebrities
0:52:33 > 0:52:36to raise millions for children, education
0:52:36 > 0:52:39and AIDS - an issue which
0:52:39 > 0:52:42he had been criticised for ignoring while President.
0:52:42 > 0:52:47He established a charity to help fight the disease,
0:52:47 > 0:52:51which claims hundreds of lives every day in South Africa.
0:52:51 > 0:52:56He called it after his prison number - 46664.
0:52:57 > 0:53:01A silent serial killer stalks the land.
0:53:01 > 0:53:04Mandela was no longer President
0:53:04 > 0:53:08and now we're looking at an elderly statesman
0:53:08 > 0:53:14who had realised that the HIV/AIDS pandemic was ravaging the country
0:53:14 > 0:53:17and the message was no longer about apartheid, obviously.
0:53:17 > 0:53:21The message was that a genocide was taking place in his country.
0:53:21 > 0:53:27Mandela's global campaign was brought home to him personally
0:53:27 > 0:53:32when Makgatho, his only surviving son, died of AIDS in 2005.
0:53:32 > 0:53:39Mandela chose to speak publicly about the cause of his death.
0:53:39 > 0:53:43It gives a very bad reflection indeed to the members of the family
0:53:43 > 0:53:47that they themselves should not come out and say bravely
0:53:47 > 0:53:51that a member of my family has died of AIDS.
0:53:51 > 0:53:55That's why we took the initiative
0:53:55 > 0:54:00to say a member of our family has died -
0:54:00 > 0:54:04in this particular case, my son.
0:54:04 > 0:54:09I was the one who told my dad about Gatho's condition, you know.
0:54:09 > 0:54:13And I know the day that I told him, how he reacted,
0:54:13 > 0:54:17you know, like any other normal parent would react.
0:54:17 > 0:54:20It was not an easy thing for him to accept.
0:54:23 > 0:54:28I think for him, who has been a role model, you know,
0:54:28 > 0:54:31in this country in many, many spheres,
0:54:31 > 0:54:34it was important for him to come out and say,
0:54:34 > 0:54:37"Look, my son also had HIV, lived through HIV and died."
0:54:39 > 0:54:43Mandela lent his support to other campaigns.
0:54:43 > 0:54:45On a winter's day, he came to London
0:54:45 > 0:54:49to ask a crowd of 20,000 to make poverty history.
0:54:49 > 0:54:51APPLAUSE
0:54:51 > 0:54:54He's hugely personable.
0:54:54 > 0:54:58He holds your hand, he just beams and lights up.
0:54:58 > 0:55:00He is properly the real deal
0:55:00 > 0:55:03and you sort of think, "Oh, my God, it's Mandela,"
0:55:03 > 0:55:04and you remember all his life,
0:55:04 > 0:55:07and then you meet him and it's that, plus.
0:55:07 > 0:55:11As long as poverty, injustice
0:55:11 > 0:55:15and gross inequality persist in our world,
0:55:15 > 0:55:18none of us can truly rest.
0:55:18 > 0:55:21CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:55:21 > 0:55:24Ladies and gentlemen, Nelson Mandela!
0:55:27 > 0:55:31Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday concert in Hyde Park
0:55:31 > 0:55:34was his last visit to London.
0:55:34 > 0:55:37THEY SING: "Free Nelson Mandela"
0:55:39 > 0:55:42The famous anthem of 20 years earlier was sung in tribute.
0:55:42 > 0:55:44# Freedom!
0:55:44 > 0:55:50# Free Nelson Mandela
0:55:50 > 0:55:51# Freedom
0:55:51 > 0:55:58# Free Nelson Mandela
0:55:58 > 0:56:00# Freedom!
0:56:00 > 0:56:08# Free Nelson Mandela! #
0:56:08 > 0:56:12CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:56:12 > 0:56:16His legacy is himself. He was a huge influence on the world.
0:56:16 > 0:56:21To see the terrible regime of apartheid be dismantled
0:56:21 > 0:56:27is an extraordinary testament to his tenacity and his strength.
0:56:28 > 0:56:31He taught us something about peace and reconciliation
0:56:31 > 0:56:36in stoically enduring 27 years of imprisonment and abuse
0:56:36 > 0:56:39and coming out on the other side of it without rancour or bitterness
0:56:39 > 0:56:42and asking people to put their anger behind.
0:56:44 > 0:56:47People need symbols.
0:56:47 > 0:56:50People need inspiration.
0:56:50 > 0:56:54What was he looking for? He's looking for freedom -
0:56:54 > 0:56:56not for himself.
0:56:56 > 0:57:00It is freedom for all of these others.
0:57:00 > 0:57:06After nearly 90 years of life,
0:57:06 > 0:57:11it is time for new hands to lift the burdens.
0:57:11 > 0:57:14It is in your hands now.
0:57:14 > 0:57:17I thank you.
0:57:22 > 0:57:26At the closing ceremony of the 2010 Football World Cup,
0:57:26 > 0:57:28with his wife Graca at his side,
0:57:28 > 0:57:32Nelson Mandela made one of his last public appearances.
0:57:34 > 0:57:3785,000 spectators rose to their feet
0:57:37 > 0:57:41to welcome Madiba, the father of their nation,
0:57:41 > 0:57:45a man who'd sacrificed his liberty for their freedom.
0:57:59 > 0:58:04If I had to live again, I would do exactly the same thing.
0:58:04 > 0:58:07As long as our people are oppressed
0:58:07 > 0:58:13and deprived of everything to make human beings happy and to enjoy life,
0:58:13 > 0:58:15it was my duty to be involved
0:58:15 > 0:58:18and I would do it over and over again.
0:58:20 > 0:58:22My family was here
0:58:22 > 0:58:26and I would like to be buried here, at home.
0:58:28 > 0:58:32But I don't want to take long about death, and so on.
0:58:32 > 0:58:34OK!
0:59:09 > 0:59:12Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd