0:00:41 > 0:00:45MUSIC: Children Of The Revolution by T Rex
0:00:50 > 0:00:52During the past 12 months,
0:00:52 > 0:00:55the whole emphasis of violence in Northern Ireland has changed.
0:00:55 > 0:00:58The soldier's main enemy now is not the rioting mob, but the gunmen,
0:00:58 > 0:01:00the terrorist sniper.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11Did you hear us knocking on the door?
0:01:11 > 0:01:12I thought it was the bin men.
0:01:12 > 0:01:14Did you?
0:01:17 > 0:01:19I would assist internees or detainees,
0:01:19 > 0:01:22people who were held without trial, escaping.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41There is no truth at all in the rumours that I'm going to marry him.
0:01:41 > 0:01:42You saw George last evening.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44What do you think his future is in football?
0:01:44 > 0:01:45I don't know.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48I'm not a football fan.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01And he is prepared to make a gesture of good intent by agreeing to my
0:02:01 > 0:02:05suggestion that he lives in lodgings until the end of the season.
0:02:12 > 0:02:14Well, I can only talk to him like a mother.
0:02:16 > 0:02:18And I hope I am a second mum.
0:02:20 > 0:02:24MUSIC: Crazy Horses by The Osmonds
0:02:52 > 0:02:56MUSIC: In A Broken Dream by Python Lee Jackson
0:03:17 > 0:03:20LOUDSPEAKER: Please do not fire back for the moment.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37The first body I saw was that of a youth being carried out by other civilians
0:03:37 > 0:03:41with a priest in the lead, waving a bloodied handkerchief as a white flag.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19I spoke to one of their priests, Father Edward Daly,
0:04:19 > 0:04:21curate of nearby Saint Eugene's church.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26We filmed you leading the way with a white handkerchief.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29Yes. That little boy was shot when he was running away.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31- He didn't have a weapon? - It's terrible.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34No, he had nothing. He was just a young boy about 15.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36He was running, I was running too.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46Paratroopers did not go in there shooting.
0:04:46 > 0:04:49The Para battalion fired three rounds altogether,
0:04:49 > 0:04:53after they had something between ten and 20 fired at them from the area,
0:04:53 > 0:04:55the Rossville flats over there.
0:04:55 > 0:04:57They fired three rounds only?
0:04:57 > 0:05:01- My information at the moment...- I believe there are more than three dead.
0:05:01 > 0:05:03- Yes, that they fired three.- I have seen three dead myself.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06They may well not have been killed by our soldiers.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10We find ourselves with a neighbour
0:05:10 > 0:05:12practising the arts of war on our people,
0:05:12 > 0:05:17and it is a situation in which we will seek help wherever we find it to get
0:05:17 > 0:05:20the British out of Ireland.
0:05:26 > 0:05:31There were warning shouts that someone was throwing a gelignite bomb.
0:05:31 > 0:05:35EXPLOSION
0:05:35 > 0:05:39MUSIC: Look Wot You Dun by Slade
0:05:46 > 0:05:50Get them Scots Anglos out of the North!
0:05:50 > 0:05:52Let them resign!
0:06:24 > 0:06:26And it's quite true that if we go UDI,
0:06:26 > 0:06:30our people may have to tighten their belts a little.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33- Agreed.- So have the Rhodesians to do this.- And we're prepared to do this.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35But let's forget this.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38We mightn't have to tighten them that much.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42Because those who won't want the work...that's too bad for them.
0:06:42 > 0:06:44Now, when I say this...
0:06:44 > 0:06:46More money is being spent on welfare benefits,
0:06:46 > 0:06:47and who are the people who are getting the most
0:06:47 > 0:06:49of the welfare benefits in
0:06:49 > 0:06:52- Northern Ireland?- That's what I'm going to point out, you see...
0:06:52 > 0:06:53The Roman Catholics.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43This is the reality of Belfast today.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47Bombs in the city centre, so much disruption, so many explosions.
0:07:47 > 0:07:52From time to time you forget that it's become part of everyday life.
0:07:52 > 0:07:54APPLAUSE
0:07:54 > 0:07:55They call him Hurricane.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58Hurricane Higgins. A quiet man, a confident man.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03You'd never notice him in a crowd,
0:08:03 > 0:08:07but in his own twilight world, Hurricane Higgins is almost a god.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09...Alex Higgins.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19He could bring to snooker the same air of glamour and appeal that
0:08:19 > 0:08:21George Best has given to soccer.
0:09:03 > 0:09:05The Government here in London is
0:09:05 > 0:09:09obliged to take over for the time being
0:09:09 > 0:09:12full responsibility for the conduct of affairs
0:09:12 > 0:09:14in Northern Ireland.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17Many people will draw a sinister and depressing message
0:09:17 > 0:09:20from these events - that violence can pay,
0:09:22 > 0:09:24that violence does pay.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28MUSIC: Changes by David Bowie
0:09:50 > 0:09:51Ladies and gentlemen,
0:09:51 > 0:09:54Northern Ireland is not a coconut colony.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57And no coconut commission will be able to muster any vestige of
0:09:57 > 0:09:59credibility or standing.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13We, in our endeavours to provide
0:10:13 > 0:10:18just government in Ulster, have been betrayed from London.
0:10:25 > 0:10:27Don't you see the Heath Initiative
0:10:27 > 0:10:28as some sort of step forward,
0:10:28 > 0:10:31even if it is only a small one as far as you're concerned?
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Certainly not, I do not.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35Does this mean you're going to continue
0:10:35 > 0:10:37with the terror bombing of civilian targets?
0:10:40 > 0:10:44We have not engaged in terror bombing of civilian targets.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48We have engaged in sabotage against property,
0:10:48 > 0:10:53but we never set out to attack civilians in a terror form.
0:10:58 > 0:11:01MUSIC: Mama Weer All Crazee Now by Slade
0:11:30 > 0:11:33GUNFIRE
0:11:39 > 0:11:43Checkpoints, in every respect identical to those of the Army,
0:11:43 > 0:11:45guard the approach to the area that
0:11:45 > 0:11:47the republicans boast will be the nucleus of
0:11:47 > 0:11:49their newly independent state.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53Youths and men, masked and uniformed,
0:11:53 > 0:11:56armed with modern weapons patrol openly.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59They control completely entry and departure.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14Now, as the officer commanding the Derry
0:12:14 > 0:12:16part of the IRA provisional operation,
0:12:16 > 0:12:20can you say whether the bombing is likely to stop in the near future in
0:12:20 > 0:12:23response to any public demand?
0:12:23 > 0:12:27Well, we will always take into consideration the feelings of the
0:12:27 > 0:12:28people of Derry,
0:12:28 > 0:12:31and these feelings will be passed on to our GHQ in Dublin,
0:12:31 > 0:12:32you know?
0:12:32 > 0:12:36MUSIC: Rocket Man by Elton John
0:12:44 > 0:12:46If you read Lord Widgery's report,
0:12:46 > 0:12:48I think you can't help feeling that the Army
0:12:48 > 0:12:49come very well out of it indeed.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52Of course there were mistakes made,
0:12:52 > 0:12:55and of course one must regret that it ever happened,
0:12:55 > 0:12:58but I don't think that the Army has anything to be ashamed of.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00It was a case of the accused carrying out the inquiry,
0:13:00 > 0:13:01but I believe the initial reaction
0:13:01 > 0:13:03will be one of shock and then of outrage
0:13:03 > 0:13:06at the fact that there has been such a distortion of truth.
0:13:06 > 0:13:09MUSIC: School's Out by Alice Cooper
0:13:15 > 0:13:18For the first time, militant Protestants from the military wing
0:13:18 > 0:13:20of the Vanguard movement, the Ulster Defence Association,
0:13:20 > 0:13:22have been parading their forces in public.
0:13:22 > 0:13:27In the last year their organisation has grown from a loose association
0:13:27 > 0:13:32of local vigilante groups into an obviously coordinated force.
0:13:35 > 0:13:37Several of their officers have English accents.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39They obviously mean business.
0:13:39 > 0:13:42Stepping forward, and you throw up there,
0:13:42 > 0:13:43strike the vulnerable parts.
0:14:12 > 0:14:14If you live in a house, get in it now.
0:14:22 > 0:14:25This weapon is SLR, self loading.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28The Official IRA have a perfect right to do whatever they wish in
0:14:28 > 0:14:31the present situation, but as far as the Provisional IRA is concerned,
0:14:31 > 0:14:35in Derry and in Dublin, the fight will go on.
0:14:35 > 0:14:38MUSIC: Son Of My Father by Chicory Tip
0:14:56 > 0:15:00The Republican leaders will meet Mr Whitelaw at a place of his choosing,
0:15:00 > 0:15:05provided a conduct of safe passage is publicly assured.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14- I feel happy enough.- You think it's going to work?
0:15:14 > 0:15:16I wouldn't like to say that.
0:15:16 > 0:15:20- About the peace?- And?- No comment. - Why is that?
0:15:20 > 0:15:21I can't say that...
0:15:34 > 0:15:38An attempt by a group of civilians, unconnected with the UDA,
0:15:38 > 0:15:42to set up their own barricades across two streets in the Waterside
0:15:42 > 0:15:44was rudely dealt with.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46They underwent a kind of court-martial.
0:15:46 > 0:15:48Their sentences were light.
0:15:48 > 0:15:50Fatigues for the older men,
0:15:50 > 0:15:52and for the younger a punishing session
0:15:52 > 0:15:55of physical training around the barricaded Irish Street Estate.
0:16:17 > 0:16:21MUSIC: Hold Your Head Up by Argent
0:16:28 > 0:16:31General Ford, you have been negotiating for some two hours,
0:16:31 > 0:16:34- what's the outcome?- Well, the outcome, I'm delighted to say,
0:16:34 > 0:16:37is an agreement, and that we have now
0:16:37 > 0:16:41pulled back from the edge of the precipice which, to be frank,
0:16:41 > 0:16:44I think we were on about an hour and a half ago.
0:16:55 > 0:16:58Well, it wouldn't just be so bad if it were the people from the area,
0:16:58 > 0:17:00but there are people we never saw before,
0:17:00 > 0:17:02we don't even know where they're from.
0:17:02 > 0:17:04Actually as far as I know,
0:17:04 > 0:17:07there are people from an area known as the Nick,
0:17:07 > 0:17:10and even before this trouble started policemen couldn't walk through
0:17:10 > 0:17:11the Nick.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58It looked and sounded very much like the end of the ceasefire.
0:17:58 > 0:18:02The Army are up here in the middle of Lenadoon Avenue.
0:18:02 > 0:18:06GUNFIRE OBSCURES SPEECH They'd come here after an earlier confrontation...
0:18:08 > 0:18:12RESOUNDING GUNFIRE
0:18:18 > 0:18:21Tell us when you're thinking of having a go, will you?
0:18:21 > 0:18:25Mr Whitelaw, you've always said that you wouldn't talk with the gunmen.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28Why did you on this occasion?
0:18:28 > 0:18:31I decided if I were to see these people personally
0:18:31 > 0:18:34I might be able to do something to save lives.
0:18:34 > 0:18:36That's why I did it.
0:18:36 > 0:18:40I have to say, I'm amazed that he's been talking to the IRA,
0:18:40 > 0:18:44because he said so firmly before he wasn't prepared to sit around the
0:18:44 > 0:18:48table with these murderers.
0:18:48 > 0:18:51MUSIC: Virginia Plain by Roxy Music
0:19:09 > 0:19:11This is one of the Protestant no-go areas.
0:19:11 > 0:19:13Many of the Scots Orangemen will be
0:19:13 > 0:19:16on duty manning the dozens of barriers like
0:19:16 > 0:19:19this that surround the four official no-go areas in the city.
0:19:19 > 0:19:22What made you decide to come over here?
0:19:22 > 0:19:25To join the UDA to help them fight the IRA.
0:19:25 > 0:19:28And do your parents know you're here, John?
0:19:28 > 0:19:29They do, aye.
0:19:34 > 0:19:37LARGE EXPLOSION
0:19:37 > 0:19:41MUSIC: The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face by Roberta Flack
0:21:12 > 0:21:16MUSIC: Layla by Eric Clapton
0:21:18 > 0:21:21The invasion of the Bogside and Creggan estates
0:21:21 > 0:21:23began in a heavy downpour of rain at 4am.
0:21:23 > 0:21:291,500 troops in over 100 armoured personnel carriers rumbled forward
0:21:29 > 0:21:31into the area.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27The position now in Northern Ireland is,
0:22:27 > 0:22:30that anyone can go anywhere at any time
0:22:30 > 0:22:33and that's what I wanted to achieve.
0:23:15 > 0:23:17This is the one that matters.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21At 5 11 and a half, we cannot believe it.
0:23:21 > 0:23:24And she goes clear yet again! Yet again,
0:23:24 > 0:23:27she will be delighted with that.
0:23:27 > 0:23:31Rosendahl hits the tape first. Bodner second. Pollak third.
0:23:31 > 0:23:33Peters fourth. But is it enough? She's waiting for her time.
0:23:33 > 0:23:35The other three are up.
0:23:36 > 0:23:3824.08, and we make it that
0:23:38 > 0:23:43Mary Peters has beaten Rosendahl and the rest for the gold medal.
0:23:51 > 0:23:53Down in the loyalist ghettos of Belfast,
0:23:53 > 0:23:56the Paramilitary Ulster Defence Association has taken
0:23:56 > 0:23:59over much of the daily life of the community,
0:23:59 > 0:24:01even down to running discotheques for the teenagers.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10Outside the hall, the UDA's muscle
0:24:10 > 0:24:12is on open display as in so many other
0:24:12 > 0:24:16parts of the city. This is the blunt end of Ulster politics and this is
0:24:16 > 0:24:20the constituency to which William Craig and his Vanguard movement look for
0:24:20 > 0:24:25support in any showdown with the British Government.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27Did you think I didn't know you there?
0:24:27 > 0:24:30What did you think of Mr Craig's speech in London?
0:24:30 > 0:24:31Great. Great.
0:24:31 > 0:24:33- Great.- And there's a whole lot more
0:24:33 > 0:24:36- like him.- ...would stick up for him.
0:24:36 > 0:24:39- It'll be all right.- He'll have the backing, that's all he needs.
0:24:39 > 0:24:42He needs the backing.
0:24:44 > 0:24:46That's the way we feel.
0:24:46 > 0:24:51Mr Craig is simply pointing out that unless the British Government take
0:24:51 > 0:24:53their finger out of the hole, civil war is inevitable here.
0:24:55 > 0:25:00Today, the murders have achieved what all the dark months of rioting and bombing failed to do
0:25:00 > 0:25:04- they have brought real fear to the streets of the city,
0:25:04 > 0:25:06now deserted after sunset.
0:25:06 > 0:25:10They have stopped ordinary people going about their ordinary business.
0:25:10 > 0:25:14The unknown killer who strikes by night now owns
0:25:14 > 0:25:16these empty pavements.
0:25:16 > 0:25:21MUSIC: Without You by Harry Nilsson
0:25:35 > 0:25:38If MacStiofain has taken neither food nor liquid since his arrest
0:25:38 > 0:25:42ten days ago, he is putting up a remarkable performance.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45Medical opinion in Dublin has it that, by now, he should be dead.
0:25:53 > 0:25:58I shall stand by my husband even in death.
0:25:59 > 0:26:01When I said there would be death here
0:26:01 > 0:26:04in the south of Ireland if he died,
0:26:04 > 0:26:07he agreed to take some water.
0:26:46 > 0:26:49I don't think it's a good thing for the church to have a special place
0:26:49 > 0:26:51and I don't think it's a good thing for the state either
0:26:51 > 0:26:54to give the church that place.
0:26:55 > 0:26:58Dr Hendron has his practice right on the Falls Road,
0:26:58 > 0:27:00the prominent centre of the troubles.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03He is acutely aware of the unseen suffering in the area.
0:27:03 > 0:27:05You're still taking your wee tablets.
0:27:05 > 0:27:06I better give you a prescription...
0:27:06 > 0:27:08- Yes.- Just for some more of them.
0:27:08 > 0:27:12- Do you find they help you?- Oh, they do, it brings you down a wee bit.
0:27:12 > 0:27:13They calm you down a bit, you know?
0:27:13 > 0:27:15Yes, well, that's very good, obviously.
0:27:15 > 0:27:18If things were back to normal, you might be a wee bit better.
0:27:18 > 0:27:21DISTANT EXPLOSION
0:27:24 > 0:27:27- It's...- What happened just then?
0:27:27 > 0:27:29The explosion there was just behind
0:27:29 > 0:27:32College Street and its Linenhall Street.
0:27:32 > 0:27:36- Does this sort of thing happen often?- Very often, it does indeed.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39And how do you feel when you hear and see these explosions all around you?
0:27:39 > 0:27:43- Frightened.- Doctor, while we've been sitting here, there have been three explosions out there.
0:27:43 > 0:27:46Now, as far as you're concerned, what kind of effect does that have on people?
0:27:46 > 0:27:48People you see in your surgery?
0:27:48 > 0:27:52The effect is absolutely devastating.
0:27:53 > 0:27:58They hear one explosion and they're a complete bundle of nerves.
0:27:58 > 0:28:02MUSIC: Star by David Bowie
0:28:11 > 0:28:15At Willen Park married quarters, morale amongst the wives is low.
0:28:15 > 0:28:19The prospect of their husbands going back to Ulster frightens them.
0:28:19 > 0:28:21Lots of husbands doing it, lots of paras doing it.
0:28:21 > 0:28:24Some of my friends in particular, you know,
0:28:24 > 0:28:26they're just frightened themselves because of this.
0:28:26 > 0:28:29The wives are run down while they're away, all bad with the nerves.
0:28:29 > 0:28:31Most of the para wives are on nerve tablets,
0:28:31 > 0:28:33aren't they? While their husbands are away.
0:28:33 > 0:28:35And all the kids.