:00:02. > :00:08.Our World. Two years on from the devastating earthquake in Haiti, we
:00:08. > :00:15.have returned to find out how the country is coping.
:00:15. > :00:24.January 12th, 2010. A powerful earthquake measuring seven on the
:00:24. > :00:34.Richter scale devastates Haiti. More than 200,000 people are killed.
:00:34. > :00:37.
:00:37. > :00:47.The heart of government is It has been painfully slow, but
:00:47. > :00:48.
:00:48. > :00:56.Haiti is starting to recover. Half the rubble has been cleared. Those
:00:56. > :01:00.made homeless are beginning to leave the camps. 80's new President,
:01:00. > :01:05.President Michel Martelly, has ambitious plans. -- Haiti's. The
:01:05. > :01:10.problems are profound. Poverty, the trauma of the earthquake, and a
:01:11. > :01:20.cholera epidemic. Yet upbeat years of political violence and natural
:01:21. > :01:42.
:01:42. > :01:47.It is late afternoon in Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince. The daily
:01:47. > :01:50.rituals of life which have been suspended by the earthquake are
:01:50. > :01:56.resuming. This park was a sea of tense immediately after the
:01:56. > :02:00.earthquake. People who have lost their homes settled here. -- tents.
:02:00. > :02:05.Now they have moved out and normal life is returning. It is a small
:02:05. > :02:13.sign of progress. As you can see her body was washed under the
:02:13. > :02:17.rubble. Talia Jacques is making headway to. We found her under the
:02:17. > :02:23.rubble, here. This is where she was nearly killed and where her sister
:02:23. > :02:32.and grandmother perish. That night, her father feared he had lost not
:02:32. > :02:36.one but two daughters. Two years on, Talia Jacques has made a
:02:36. > :02:42.spectacular recovery. Her father has moved his family to the
:02:42. > :02:52.countryside, fearing another aspect. She is going well. Life is not as
:02:52. > :03:03.
:03:03. > :03:07.great in Haiti. There are no jobs. I'm fighting. High in the hills
:03:07. > :03:12.above Port-au-Prince lose the man who is determined to revive Haiti's
:03:12. > :03:17.fortunes. -- leaves the man. It is a huge challenge in a country where
:03:17. > :03:24.80 out of ten million people do not have electricity and half of the
:03:24. > :03:29.population is illiterate. President Michel Martelly is a popular singer
:03:30. > :03:35.turned politician. He campaigned on the slogan, Tet Kale, a Creole play
:03:35. > :03:39.on words meaning both the shaven- headed one and all the way. How
:03:39. > :03:48.much progress has been made in rebuilding Haidee? Definitely not
:03:48. > :03:52.enough. -- Haiti. But since I have been in power I would say that we
:03:52. > :03:57.have shown strong signals that things are changing and moving in
:03:57. > :04:06.Haiti. We were slow to move the people out of the cab. Lately we
:04:06. > :04:11.have been able to do it. I can say that is a huge step. These can near
:04:11. > :04:16.the airport is virtually empty now. -- this can. The last few people
:04:16. > :04:20.are packing up. The government held by aid agencies is giving grants to
:04:20. > :04:27.5,000 families in the most visible camps so they can rent new homes
:04:27. > :04:31.for one year. Nearby, I meet Jessica. With the crowd of $500
:04:31. > :04:37.from the Red Cross, she has moved her five children into this tiny
:04:37. > :04:47.apartment. It is better than living in a tent, she tells me. But I
:04:47. > :04:50.
:04:50. > :04:58.don't have a job. So how will I pay my rent next year? There are still
:04:58. > :05:02.500,000 people living under canvas. This is the notorious that sank
:05:02. > :05:07.camp. The night before we filmed, and gang of criminals rate of five
:05:07. > :05:12.women here. Marie Therese longs for the day when she has the chance to
:05:12. > :05:18.move out. TRANSLATION: I live in fear every night. This place is
:05:18. > :05:23.dangerous. What do you say to those people who are living in the camps
:05:23. > :05:27.that you have not identified as a priority for moving people out of?
:05:27. > :05:37.They are a priority. The thing is not match how long must they stay
:05:37. > :05:41.
:05:41. > :05:47.there? -- the thing is... I wish I could do it. Encouraged by his
:05:47. > :05:50.leadership, Canada's government pledged $20 million to help people
:05:50. > :05:55.move out of one of the biggest cancer right to buy the
:05:55. > :06:01.presidential palace. -- biggest camps. Welcoming the announcement,
:06:01. > :06:07.the populace Haitian leader named all of the camps that have been
:06:07. > :06:16.cleared including one where aid agencies say privately people were
:06:16. > :06:23.forced out. That did not stop the President claiming it as a success.
:06:23. > :06:28.In the aftermath of the earthquake, Haitian swerve urged to build back
:06:28. > :06:32.better, to build houses that could withstand another earthquake. And
:06:32. > :06:38.one proudly shows me his new house, built with the help of US aid
:06:38. > :06:44.agencies. The concrete has been lined with steel and reinforced
:06:44. > :06:51.with Ward to absorb the shock of tremors. It is very good. I'd feel
:06:51. > :06:55.safe here. Now his focus is trying to find a job to provide for his
:06:55. > :07:00.girls. For millions of Haitians, daily life is a struggle. Just
:07:00. > :07:06.finding enough to eat is difficult, let alone finding a job. 80% of
:07:06. > :07:12.people live on less than $2 and day. Four Patients to a state is poverty
:07:12. > :07:17.they need jobs. But where are those jobs going to come from? --
:07:17. > :07:25.fascinations. Many Haitians spend their days engaged in what is
:07:25. > :07:30.called Petit Commons. Buying and selling. 70% of people here either
:07:30. > :07:34.do not have a job or are under employed. Even before the
:07:35. > :07:44.earthquake half of Haiti's children and did not go to school. The
:07:44. > :07:47.Government is trying to change this, creating 900,000 free school places.
:07:47. > :07:52.To develop Haiti you need infrastructure, roads. But we also
:07:52. > :07:59.believe it is time to reconstruct the Haitian per signer. Send out
:07:59. > :08:03.kids to school. Too many kids are on the streets. They have no access
:08:03. > :08:08.to healthcare. Once the children have left school, where can they
:08:09. > :08:13.work? Tourism is one possibility. Haiti is a beautiful Caribbean
:08:13. > :08:18.island which once had a thriving tourism industry. And there is a
:08:18. > :08:22.new industrial park in the north. The US has weighed the import --
:08:22. > :08:26.has waived the import tax on goods from here. Have you intend to
:08:26. > :08:36.create jobs? By showing the investors, whether they are Haitian
:08:36. > :08:46.for foreigners, which will really - - remote debate patience to work
:08:46. > :08:47.
:08:47. > :08:51.again. -- Haitians. Working the land... Work is what these young
:08:52. > :09:00.men in the earthquake survivors camp want. And they want to believe
:09:00. > :09:03.their circumstances will change. But they are cynical. TRANSLATION:
:09:04. > :09:10.I have never seen hope. All of the President's make promises and
:09:10. > :09:17.nothing ever happens. I do not have a job. I sit here all day, his
:09:17. > :09:21.friend tells me. A few miles away on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince,
:09:21. > :09:31.I find a dedicated group who are training for jobs that do not yet
:09:31. > :09:33.
:09:33. > :09:39.exist. Meet Haiti's volunteer Army. These enthusiastic would-be
:09:39. > :09:43.soldiers want to join the Army. There is not one right now.
:09:43. > :09:48.President Michel Martelly wants to revive the military. These young
:09:48. > :09:58.men and women pay for their own uniforms in the hope of one day
:09:58. > :10:01.
:10:01. > :10:05.been called up. Would the Army help provided jobs? 80's security is the
:10:05. > :10:11.responsible of UN peacekeepers now. A role Haitian want to provide for
:10:11. > :10:16.themselves. -- Haiti's. Why have a foreign Army? The UN peacekeepers?
:10:16. > :10:23.That is right. They can be patient. We are looking for jobs for our
:10:23. > :10:27.young people. - back Haitians. Why do we of are so many jobs to
:10:27. > :10:32.foreigners? Despite the enthusiasm of these would-be recruits the
:10:32. > :10:37.proposal to revive the Army is controversial. Because of this
:10:37. > :10:45.country's violent past. Previous rulers have used militias to cement
:10:45. > :10:50.their leadership and silence their opponents. Haiti's Army became a
:10:50. > :10:57.symbol of coercion and intimidation under the rule of Papa Doc Duvalier.
:10:57. > :11:03.I have been elected for President for Life. The Army was disbanded in
:11:03. > :11:12.1995. Critics say if it is to be revived it must be different.
:11:12. > :11:22.Army we used to have was involved in a lot of crime, Kuta and drug
:11:22. > :11:33.
:11:33. > :11:43.President Michel Martelly now says he wants to create a Haitian
:11:43. > :11:44.
:11:44. > :11:54.security force of Barker than an army. -- rather than an army. By
:11:54. > :12:06.
:12:06. > :12:12.2014, this could be for real. As if Haiti did not have enough to
:12:12. > :12:17.contend within the aftermath of the earthquake, they now have a cholera
:12:17. > :12:26.academic -- epidemic. More than 7,000 people have died since the
:12:26. > :12:36.outbreak began. We drove into the mountains north of the capital to a
:12:36. > :12:36.
:12:36. > :12:44.town where the cholera outbreak began in October, 2010. People
:12:44. > :12:53.blame UN peacekeepers from netball, where cholera is endemic, for
:12:53. > :12:58.introducing the virus. -- Nepal. My feet were sprayed with chlorine on
:12:58. > :13:04.the way into the village's, retreat and centre in an attempt to contain
:13:04. > :13:10.the epidemic. Today, there was only one patient but half a million
:13:10. > :13:14.people have been infected since the outbreak began. The disease is not
:13:14. > :13:20.gone from here by any means and when the rainy season arrives, we
:13:20. > :13:25.will see an increase in cases. does that happen? People take water
:13:25. > :13:31.from the river that is contaminated with the disease. They take water
:13:31. > :13:37.from contaminated sources. This is not a question of ignorance but of
:13:37. > :13:41.access and people do not have access to clean water. Koller will
:13:41. > :13:46.still continue to rise. The people of this village do not have clean
:13:46. > :13:51.water but they do have a brand new state-of-the-art teaching hospital,
:13:51. > :13:55.which will open soon. This was built by an American organisation
:13:55. > :14:03.dedicated to providing medical care for the poor in partnership with
:14:03. > :14:08.Haiti's government. David Walton showed me around the hospital, the
:14:08. > :14:13.first of its kind in rural Haiti. If this place had been functioning
:14:13. > :14:18.when the cholera outbreak began, what difference would it have made?
:14:18. > :14:25.There would have been less vitality is. It would not have prevented the
:14:26. > :14:34.disease from taking root but certainly people who died in the
:14:34. > :14:41.community would not have died were this hospital in operation one year
:14:41. > :14:46.ago. This village was overwhelmed by the sheer scale of the cholera
:14:46. > :14:51.epidemic. Dr Paul Phar Lap, who has worked here for almost 30 years,
:14:51. > :14:56.explained how the disease has extended its reach. Haiti has the
:14:56. > :15:01.largest, epidemic in the world today and that is staggering. But a
:15:01. > :15:05.day and, not unforeseen. If you introduce a package and like
:15:05. > :15:15.cholera into an area that is deemed the most water insecure country in
:15:15. > :15:20.
:15:20. > :15:26.the world, it will explode and it did.
:15:26. > :15:31.And missed the current troubles, it is easy to forget that Haiti has a
:15:31. > :15:37.proud history. This is the first independent nation in the Caribbean.
:15:37. > :15:41.Slaves rebelled against the French. There is no limit to what the
:15:41. > :15:47.President's government may achieve but the shadow of the past,
:15:47. > :15:51.political violence compound and by the effects of the earthquake is a
:15:51. > :15:55.long one. Opposite the presidential palace, those in this refugee camp
:15:55. > :16:03.will be leaving the only home some of them have ever known. They will
:16:03. > :16:07.be given one year's rent to move but then what? Some do not want to
:16:07. > :16:15.leave. Everybody will go back to the street to ones they cannot pay
:16:15. > :16:19.their rent. Would you rather go back to the refugee camp? Many of
:16:19. > :16:24.the aid agencies who came to help in the aftermath of the earthquake
:16:24. > :16:29.are withdrawing, moving on to other emergencies around the world. The
:16:29. > :16:36.crisis stage may be over but for the people here, there is still so
:16:36. > :16:44.much to contend with. My family was just hanging around, watching TV...
:16:44. > :16:52.Despite all he has enjoyed, astral is more optimistic. Seeing the
:16:52. > :16:59.teddy bear they used to fight over brings back memories.
:16:59. > :17:03.TRANSLATION: We would chase each other, we both wanted Fernando.
:17:03. > :17:09.hopes that Haiti finally has a government in place which will do
:17:09. > :17:18.what needs to be done. I do not know about rebuilding but the
:17:18. > :17:23.process is very slow. President Mark Kelly is doing well. -- the
:17:23. > :17:28.President is doing well. I hope that things can get done as soon as
:17:28. > :17:34.possible but he is not doing it as fast as we hoped. I do hope he is
:17:34. > :17:39.doing it. After all the turmoil and tragedy, a veteran observers of
:17:39. > :17:43.Haiti also sees signs of progress. There is a sense of momentum at the
:17:43. > :17:47.moment and the new government has focused on getting people out of
:17:48. > :17:53.these refugee camps, getting children into school and creating
:17:53. > :17:58.jobs. Those of great achievements. Could this be something of a
:17:58. > :18:03.turning point if those funds that were pledged are released? If that
:18:03. > :18:07.can be delivered and we can do the implementation side, get that here
:18:07. > :18:11.and into the projects, there will be growth in the economy, creations
:18:11. > :18:16.of hundreds of thousands of jobs. And yet the President has just
:18:16. > :18:21.suffered a setback. His prime minister abruptly resigned.
:18:21. > :18:26.Diplomats and aid agencies who thought this government was dynamic
:18:26. > :18:30.now fear that aid pledged to Haiti will not be used until a new prime
:18:30. > :18:35.minister is appointed. Some worry whether the singer turned
:18:35. > :18:40.politician could be yet another strongman in a country that has
:18:40. > :18:46.already seen too many. government has existed but never to
:18:46. > :18:52.serve the people. If the President himself is realistic about the task
:18:52. > :19:00.ahead. Haiti has a bit wound and that wind is deep. We cannot solve
:19:00. > :19:06.everything in one day. You must plant the tree before you can enjoy
:19:06. > :19:11.the shadow. You have got to let it grow, or five years, four years.
:19:11. > :19:16.Changing the country, the lives of the Haitian people, it is not going
:19:16. > :19:21.to be easy. We have so many problems, so many problems.
:19:21. > :19:27.Problems in every sector. We have got to give everyone access to
:19:27. > :19:32.healthcare. It is not easy when for the last 50 years, nobody cared. We
:19:32. > :19:36.have to rebuild the school system. It is not easy when nobody cared
:19:36. > :19:46.about it. We have got to be sustainable in terms of producing
:19:46. > :19:47.
:19:47. > :19:51.rice and coffee. We paid for our independence with coffee. Today, we
:19:51. > :19:54.import everything. How can things change overnight? Only somebody who
:19:54. > :20:04.does not understand the complexity of the situation would make
:20:04. > :20:14.
:20:14. > :20:24.promises like that. The ruins of Haiti's National
:20:24. > :20:29.Cathedral are a place for cathedral -- reflection and remembrance.