0:00:09 > 0:00:12We share our world with some amazing animals
0:00:12 > 0:00:15and sometimes they need our help.
0:00:19 > 0:00:23When wild animals get sick it takes radical thinking,
0:00:23 > 0:00:25extraordinary medical skills
0:00:25 > 0:00:28and great bravery to treat them and save lives.
0:00:30 > 0:00:33In this programme, I'll find out how dedicated vets
0:00:33 > 0:00:36take ground-breaking medicine to animals living
0:00:36 > 0:00:38in some of the most remote places in the world.
0:00:40 > 0:00:41I know.
0:00:42 > 0:00:47And vet Steve Leonard will see how advances in human medicine
0:00:47 > 0:00:50are transforming the way we look after animals.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53This is real bionic stuff. It's amazing.
0:00:54 > 0:00:58These are stories of ingenuity, innovation and dedication.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05From giving Thandi the first ever rhino skin graft
0:01:05 > 0:01:07after poachers took her horns...
0:01:07 > 0:01:12We have to find a way that allows her to live a normal life again.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16..to restoring a blind orangutan's sight to give her back her freedom.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22This is big animal medicine as you've never seen it before.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48It's dawn in South Africa...
0:01:50 > 0:01:52..where animals are free to roam
0:01:52 > 0:01:55on millions of acres of protected wilderness.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02I'm joining a team getting ready to look for white rhino.
0:02:03 > 0:02:08This iconic animal is under threat from poachers who steal their horns.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19For one of the few survivors, specialist wildlife vet Will Fowlds
0:02:19 > 0:02:22is planning the world's first rhino skin graft.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27But right now this team is going to try to protect
0:02:27 > 0:02:28the herd on this reserve
0:02:28 > 0:02:31with a new experimental anti-poaching technique.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41We're heading off into the bush to try and flush the rhinos
0:02:41 > 0:02:45out of the trees that they're hiding in and get them into an open space.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00First, they need to dart the rhino to sedate it.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08There's a group of three just over on the right, in fact, four rhinos.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Charles has shot the dart.
0:03:21 > 0:03:23Now we've got three minutes
0:03:23 > 0:03:24before the anaesthetic takes effect
0:03:24 > 0:03:27to make sure the rhino is up in open ground.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36The pilot herds the other rhino away,
0:03:36 > 0:03:39so the vets can get on with their work
0:03:39 > 0:03:41to make the horn worthless to poachers.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46This is using the helicopter like a sheepdog.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53It's a perfect spot, really good access all around here.
0:04:03 > 0:04:05Come on. Push, push.
0:04:07 > 0:04:09As soon as the rhino is down, the team cover his eyes
0:04:09 > 0:04:12and ears to try to reduce the stress.
0:04:14 > 0:04:19One, two, three. One, two three.
0:04:23 > 0:04:25This is quite normal for them.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27They shake like this quite a bit in the beginning.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30He will settle down as soon as the drugs start to...to have an effect.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Rhino horn is an ingredient in some Eastern medicines
0:04:36 > 0:04:40and fetches more on the black market than gold,
0:04:40 > 0:04:43but it's just made of the same protein as our hair and fingernails.
0:04:47 > 0:04:49So, this is what everybody's after.
0:04:51 > 0:04:56This, some people believe, has health-improving qualities
0:04:56 > 0:04:59and they would kill an animal like this
0:04:59 > 0:05:01to get hold of...
0:05:01 > 0:05:03powdered shavings of its horn.
0:05:08 > 0:05:12This is the only desirable aspect of a rhino's horn,
0:05:12 > 0:05:15this hard keratinised area,
0:05:15 > 0:05:18so everything below that is absolutely useless to them
0:05:18 > 0:05:24and yet sadly, they come in and they hack away at their faces
0:05:24 > 0:05:27just to ensure that they get every, single piece of horn out.
0:05:29 > 0:05:33To protect this rhino, they pump red dye into his horn
0:05:33 > 0:05:34under high pressure.
0:05:37 > 0:05:40It's completely painless and the dye can't ever be removed.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45The secret formula contains a pesticide,
0:05:45 > 0:05:49which won't harm the rhino, but is poisonous for us to eat.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52This is what it looks like after it's been treated
0:05:52 > 0:05:55and it stinks. I mean, it smells very, very strong
0:05:55 > 0:05:59like, um like a really nasty paint
0:05:59 > 0:06:05or creosote and you really, really wouldn't want to eat that.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17And the dye shows up in airport scanners,
0:06:17 > 0:06:18so the poachers will be discovered
0:06:18 > 0:06:22if they try to smuggle the treated horns out of the country.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27It is so extraordinary to be with this group of people,
0:06:27 > 0:06:33who are so focused and if you care about animals, and I do,
0:06:33 > 0:06:36you feel like they're doing something that matters.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45They've been packing up the gear
0:06:45 > 0:06:47because he will be given a reversal drug
0:06:47 > 0:06:50and when he is given that drug, we have two minutes to get out of here
0:06:50 > 0:06:51before he comes round.
0:07:00 > 0:07:05More than a thousand rhino were killed by poachers last year,
0:07:05 > 0:07:09so signs will be posted to warn that these rhino have been treated.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13And that is one happy customer.
0:07:13 > 0:07:17And the team hope that these as well as word of mouth
0:07:17 > 0:07:19will help keep this herd safe.
0:07:30 > 0:07:35Few rhino survive the poachers, but to treat one who did,
0:07:35 > 0:07:39Will is attempting to bring pioneering surgery into the bush.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50He helped save a young rhino who'd been brutally attacked.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59She must be incredibly resilient just to have made it this far?
0:07:59 > 0:08:02Yeah, like, her recovery initially was nothing short of a miracle.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05You know, the state that we found her in...
0:08:05 > 0:08:07Erm, the impress...the first impressions we had
0:08:07 > 0:08:10was that she needed to be put to sleep, that's how bad she was.
0:08:13 > 0:08:16But Will managed to get Thandi through the worst
0:08:16 > 0:08:18and has been checking up on her ever since.
0:08:25 > 0:08:27There, there, see?
0:08:27 > 0:08:28- There she is.- There she is.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31They've just crossed the road. That's her.
0:08:31 > 0:08:33That's her, yeah.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36It's such a thrill when I see her, every time.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39- Look and there's a little calf. - Little baby, yeah.
0:08:39 > 0:08:40You can see how the...
0:08:40 > 0:08:42So, she's kind of palled up with another girl?
0:08:42 > 0:08:46She has, yeah. You can see, erm, just the relationship
0:08:46 > 0:08:49between the three of them, you know? They...they're really close.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53I'm so relieved that she's giving us a good look at her.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00Even though it's over a year since Thandi was attacked,
0:09:00 > 0:09:03the wound on her face is still looking raw.
0:09:05 > 0:09:09It's just a horrific thing for any human being to do...
0:09:11 > 0:09:13..to another living thing.
0:09:14 > 0:09:18To help her, Will is going to try reconstructive surgery.
0:09:20 > 0:09:24The plan now with Thandi is, erm, to do a skin graft.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27And has a skin graft ever been done on a rhino before?
0:09:27 > 0:09:30This is the first time that we will ever attempt to do a skin graft
0:09:30 > 0:09:33of this nature to a rhino's face.
0:09:33 > 0:09:34It is ground-breaking stuff.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39Will hopes that this cutting-edge operation will allow Thandi
0:09:39 > 0:09:41to live a normal rhino life
0:09:41 > 0:09:44and perhaps, one day, have a calf of her own.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48It's such an adventurous, ambitious plan
0:09:48 > 0:09:50and I just hope that it comes off
0:09:50 > 0:09:52cos it would really make a difference.
0:10:09 > 0:10:13This is America's third largest city, Chicago.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19Here, they're transferring human medicine from the hospitals
0:10:19 > 0:10:20straight into the zoos.
0:10:23 > 0:10:27Lincoln Park Zoo is at the forefront of veterinary science...
0:10:30 > 0:10:33..and I'm here to find out how the vets are protecting
0:10:33 > 0:10:36our closest relatives, chimpanzees.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43Recent research has shown that some chimps can carry
0:10:43 > 0:10:47a really nasty heart disease that can sit undetected for many years,
0:10:47 > 0:10:49but then suddenly prove to be fatal.
0:10:52 > 0:10:57That happened here. A chimpanzee died unexpectedly
0:10:57 > 0:11:00and when head vet Dr Katherine Gamble discovered
0:11:00 > 0:11:03a hidden heart disease, she was determined to find out
0:11:03 > 0:11:05what caused it.
0:11:06 > 0:11:09She started to look at the chimps' diet and exercise...
0:11:12 > 0:11:15..but she also suspected something else might be involved.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20It's not simple at all being a chimp,
0:11:20 > 0:11:23I mean this is a social structure that's very complex
0:11:23 > 0:11:27and often involves multiple males and one group of females
0:11:27 > 0:11:31and so, you know, that's going to produce some squabbling, for sure.
0:11:31 > 0:11:33Katherine wanted to find out
0:11:33 > 0:11:36if something that affects our hearts, stress,
0:11:36 > 0:11:38could be affecting theirs,
0:11:38 > 0:11:42but more than that she needed an early warning system
0:11:42 > 0:11:45to tell her if her chimps were developing heart disease.
0:11:49 > 0:11:54She had to find a way of checking their hearts all day, every day
0:11:54 > 0:11:58and she found the answer was to use heart monitors.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04Today, a new member of the troop,
0:12:04 > 0:12:0722-year-old Magadi, is about to be fitted with hers.
0:12:10 > 0:12:13This device is put under the skin.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15It's an implant and it's wireless.
0:12:15 > 0:12:18I take it this wasn't specifically designed for chimps, though?
0:12:18 > 0:12:21No, it's actually designed for humans and they use it all the time
0:12:21 > 0:12:23in people that they're monitoring their hearts,
0:12:23 > 0:12:25the exact same way we monitor chimps.
0:12:25 > 0:12:26We don't have to adjust it at all.
0:12:29 > 0:12:33Once Magadi's asleep, she's taken into theatre.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42Katherine is going to put the heart monitor into a layer of muscle
0:12:42 > 0:12:43just beneath her skin.
0:12:46 > 0:12:50We just slide that up into a muscle pocket that I've just created
0:12:50 > 0:12:51using my finger.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55OK.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05The device actually has to be programmed
0:13:05 > 0:13:07for each individual animal
0:13:07 > 0:13:11and so right now, the device is going to be programmed
0:13:11 > 0:13:14- specifically for Magadi.- Oh, wow!
0:13:15 > 0:13:18To do that, they hold a reader over the monitor.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20This will also pick up the information
0:13:20 > 0:13:24about her heart wirelessly, so it can be downloaded to a computer.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29That's incredible that it's actually in there.
0:13:29 > 0:13:30It's only been in seconds
0:13:30 > 0:13:33and it's already giving us Magadi's heartbeat.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39This is real bionic stuff. It's amazing, absolutely incredible.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44A few stitches and it's hidden.
0:13:48 > 0:13:51- I can't even see the outline of the implant here.- No.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54Considering what it's doing, it is utterly astounding
0:13:54 > 0:13:55that it's that small
0:13:55 > 0:13:58and I can barely feel it underneath the tissue, which is important
0:13:58 > 0:14:00because that means it's sort of cushioned away.
0:14:00 > 0:14:03So, if I can't really feel it, she won't be able to.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24The information recorded on the monitor
0:14:24 > 0:14:26needs to be downloaded every couple of weeks.
0:14:31 > 0:14:34The amazing thing is, it's all done voluntarily.
0:14:34 > 0:14:38They're just coaxed up and trained to present their chest
0:14:38 > 0:14:42to the reader and she does it just for fruit. It's great.
0:14:45 > 0:14:48Ultimately, this is a life-saver.
0:14:49 > 0:14:53If the vet spots something wrong, they'll now be able to act in time.
0:14:59 > 0:15:02And as more zoos around the world use heart monitors,
0:15:02 > 0:15:05they'll be able to share what they discover
0:15:05 > 0:15:08and work out which changes in lifestyle
0:15:08 > 0:15:11could make a big difference to keeping apes healthy.
0:15:29 > 0:15:32Borneo, it's home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world.
0:15:38 > 0:15:41And as unlikely as it seems, this is going to be the setting
0:15:41 > 0:15:47for specialist microsurgery to help a blind orangutan see again.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51We've been travelling for hours along the river
0:15:51 > 0:15:53deeper and deeper into the rainforest,
0:15:53 > 0:15:56now surrounded by thickness of trees and the noises of the jungle
0:15:56 > 0:15:58and we're going here to see a sanctuary
0:15:58 > 0:16:01that looks after hundreds of orangutans.
0:16:01 > 0:16:03One of them is having ground-breaking surgery,
0:16:03 > 0:16:06the sort of operation that normally only you or I would have.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14The Orangutan Foundation International Care Centre
0:16:14 > 0:16:17is set in an area of protected rainforest.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Amazing how human their faces are.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33That one on the right looks like Jeremy Clarkson, I swear.
0:16:36 > 0:16:40The Care Centre is run by orangutan expert Dr Birute Galdikas.
0:16:43 > 0:16:47As well as orphans, she takes in ill and injured animals.
0:16:47 > 0:16:51I have to wear a mask to protect these youngsters from germs.
0:16:53 > 0:16:55Hi, Joe.
0:16:56 > 0:16:59With these juveniles, are they all rescued?
0:16:59 > 0:17:01Yeah, their mothers were killed
0:17:01 > 0:17:06and they were taken as people's pets to be sold on the black market
0:17:06 > 0:17:10- and some of them come in in a terrible condition.- Really?
0:17:10 > 0:17:15Erm, so sometimes it takes a while to get them back into
0:17:15 > 0:17:20being feisty, frisky orangutan juveniles.
0:17:24 > 0:17:29Playing helps them to develop skills like foraging and nest building,
0:17:29 > 0:17:32so when they're older, they can live in the rainforest.
0:17:34 > 0:17:36It's just like being around children
0:17:36 > 0:17:39but without the noise cos there's no screaming.
0:17:39 > 0:17:40I know!
0:17:40 > 0:17:42No, no, no, you're not to be biting.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46Well, no, she's playing, that's play fighting.
0:17:55 > 0:17:58Birute and her team have released hundreds of orangutans
0:17:58 > 0:18:00into the wild over the last 40 years...
0:18:02 > 0:18:04..but one had to be brought back.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12This is Rosemary. She's developed cataracts
0:18:12 > 0:18:15and now she's virtually blind.
0:18:21 > 0:18:23It's affected not just Rosemary,
0:18:23 > 0:18:26but also her daughter, who's called Rodney.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29At seven years old, she should be getting ready to leave her mother.
0:18:31 > 0:18:34The problem is that Rosemary will not allow Rodney
0:18:34 > 0:18:39to leave the cage, so poor Rodney has been forced by her mother
0:18:39 > 0:18:41to stay with her.
0:18:41 > 0:18:46It's like Rosemary needs the security of her daughter Rodney...
0:18:46 > 0:18:48to be happy.
0:18:48 > 0:18:52Rosemary's only hope is to have a pioneering operation
0:18:52 > 0:18:54to try to restore her sight.
0:18:55 > 0:18:59Rodney is sacrificing her own freedom for her mother's freedom
0:18:59 > 0:19:02because her mother could not be free
0:19:02 > 0:19:03until she has the eye operation.
0:19:12 > 0:19:15Rosemary's surgery will be performed by animal eye surgeon
0:19:15 > 0:19:18Dr Izak Venter from South Africa.
0:19:22 > 0:19:23He's brought his team
0:19:23 > 0:19:27and all his equipment into the rainforest for tomorrow's operation.
0:19:35 > 0:19:39If he's successful, Rosemary can look forward to a future of freedom.
0:19:41 > 0:19:45If not, she'll have to spend the rest of her days in the Care Centre
0:19:45 > 0:19:47with or without her daughter Rodney.
0:20:08 > 0:20:12In South Africa, vet Will Fowlds has assembled a team to perform
0:20:12 > 0:20:15the first ever rhino skin graft on Thandi.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Today's quite an important day.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28What we're trying to do is get her face more capable
0:20:28 > 0:20:31of coping with normal rhino social behaviour.
0:20:33 > 0:20:36Rhinos use their horns as part of their courting behaviour,
0:20:36 > 0:20:38which is why her wound keeps opening up.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44Will has called in a plastic surgeon to help the vets,
0:20:44 > 0:20:46Dr Alastair Lamont.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50We make holes in people when we cut cancers out
0:20:50 > 0:20:52and we do skin grafts to patch the hole,
0:20:52 > 0:20:53so this is routine for me, you know?
0:20:53 > 0:20:55The problem is to do it on a rhinoceros.
0:21:02 > 0:21:05First, the team has to find Thandi and dart her.
0:21:32 > 0:21:34Once she's down, they'll have just one hour
0:21:34 > 0:21:36to take the skin grafts and attach them.
0:21:48 > 0:21:52Thandi's so heavy, she could crush her internal organs
0:21:52 > 0:21:54if she stays in the same position for too long.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02What we do with an animal like Thandi is, we need to keep
0:22:02 > 0:22:05her level of...levels of anaesthetic as light as possible
0:22:05 > 0:22:07and we're literally just keeping her down enough
0:22:07 > 0:22:10so that the surgeons at the front here can work with her
0:22:10 > 0:22:12without putting their lives in danger.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21Alastair and the vets are going to try
0:22:21 > 0:22:23three different kinds of skin graft today...
0:22:25 > 0:22:27..but Alastair is used to our skin
0:22:27 > 0:22:29and Thandi's is very different.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33Our dermis varies from about a fifth of a millimetre
0:22:33 > 0:22:35to three millimetres.
0:22:35 > 0:22:39The rhinoceros have five to 20 millimetres in thickness,
0:22:39 > 0:22:42so it's a massive thick bit of protective fibrous issue,
0:22:42 > 0:22:46which is very difficult to manage. It doesn't bend or yield.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51He starts by removing a very thin layer of skin
0:22:51 > 0:22:52from behind Thandi's ear.
0:22:58 > 0:23:03OK, now, stuck to the bottom of that are islands of skin, you see?
0:23:03 > 0:23:06Put that onto... Where do you want the graft, guys?
0:23:06 > 0:23:10He hopes that these little pieces of skin will start to grow
0:23:10 > 0:23:12and in time, join up with each other.
0:23:13 > 0:23:16His second technique is to transplant
0:23:16 > 0:23:18a single thicker piece of Thandi's skin.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22This is better quality skin. If it takes, it'll give much better cover.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25The final graft is made using some of the tougher skin
0:23:25 > 0:23:27found near the edge of her wound.
0:23:30 > 0:23:32All Will's hopes for Thandi are resting
0:23:32 > 0:23:35on the success of this operation.
0:23:38 > 0:23:40They are such gentle animals, you wouldn't believe it
0:23:40 > 0:23:42when you look at the thickness of their skins
0:23:42 > 0:23:44and...and the horns that they wear on them.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47They really are soft creatures by nature.
0:23:47 > 0:23:52And yeah, this is one very, very special lady.
0:23:52 > 0:23:54Erm, and...
0:23:54 > 0:23:58if anything had to happen to her, I...I don't know what I would do.
0:24:00 > 0:24:01Time is running out
0:24:01 > 0:24:05and Alastair's struggling to attach the final skin graft.
0:24:05 > 0:24:09Lawrence, can we just move her onto her left leg for a bit
0:24:09 > 0:24:12to get some circulation going through the right leg?
0:24:12 > 0:24:14QUIET CHATTER
0:24:14 > 0:24:16One, two, three.
0:24:16 > 0:24:19Will is so worried that Thandi's legs might be getting squashed
0:24:19 > 0:24:22that he stops the operation to reposition her.
0:24:32 > 0:24:36She's been on her legs now for just under 45 minutes,
0:24:36 > 0:24:38so we have shuffled her around a bit.
0:24:38 > 0:24:40We have stimulated the circulation,
0:24:40 > 0:24:42but we do need to get her up in the next five minutes.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47It's all very well having a human being and say to him,
0:24:47 > 0:24:49"Listen, you need to rest in bed for a few days."
0:24:49 > 0:24:52That doesn't work for rhinos. They want to get back into the mud.
0:24:52 > 0:24:54The grafts are finally in place,
0:24:54 > 0:24:58but Thandi's been asleep for a bit longer than Will hoped.
0:24:58 > 0:25:00The next five minutes are important,
0:25:00 > 0:25:02erm, and we'll only breathe a sigh of relief when she gets up
0:25:02 > 0:25:04and we can see her walking OK.
0:25:19 > 0:25:21Ah, it's amazing to see her stand.
0:25:23 > 0:25:25She's OK and her legs are working OK.
0:25:28 > 0:25:31The team will have to wait to find out which, if any,
0:25:31 > 0:25:34of the skin grafts survive Thandi's life in the bush.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Wild animals can mask symptoms that they're unwell.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57It's a survival tactic.
0:26:00 > 0:26:03If they appear weak, they're more likely to be attacked.
0:26:08 > 0:26:10This can make it very difficult
0:26:10 > 0:26:12for vets to discover exactly what's wrong.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21But nowadays, they can use hi-tech diagnostic equipment
0:26:21 > 0:26:22to help them.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32And that's exactly what Dee needs.
0:26:32 > 0:26:33Go fetch.
0:26:34 > 0:26:37She's a seven-year-old Cape fur seal
0:26:37 > 0:26:41and lives in a zoo in Pretoria, South Africa.
0:26:41 > 0:26:44In the bucket. Good girl, Dee Dee.
0:26:44 > 0:26:46Elsie Breednam has been looking after her
0:26:46 > 0:26:48for the last couple of years.
0:26:48 > 0:26:51She's like my little girl.
0:26:51 > 0:26:52She is a little girl still.
0:26:52 > 0:26:57She's a very young female and, erm, she's very special.
0:26:57 > 0:27:01Although anyone else might think that Dee is behaving normally,
0:27:01 > 0:27:03Elsie's concerned.
0:27:03 > 0:27:06She's noticed Dee has a runny nose
0:27:06 > 0:27:08and her right eye looks infected.
0:27:10 > 0:27:13No-one can work out what's causing it, so the zoo's head vet
0:27:13 > 0:27:17Adrian Tordiffe has decided to take her for a scan.
0:27:17 > 0:27:19I guess we could be a little bit carefree about this.
0:27:19 > 0:27:23You know, it's just a little bit of a discharge from the nostril.
0:27:23 > 0:27:25But the issue is that it really
0:27:25 > 0:27:27could actually be something quite severe
0:27:27 > 0:27:30and we really want to kind of nip it in the bud if we can.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34Dee needs to be sedated for the journey...
0:27:36 > 0:27:39..but seals have a very long soft palate at the roof of their mouth
0:27:39 > 0:27:44and while Dee's anaesthetised, it could collapse and suffocate her.
0:27:44 > 0:27:47OK, I need somebody to hold her, yeah?
0:27:47 > 0:27:51Adrian puts a tube directly into her windpipe to keep it open.
0:27:51 > 0:27:55He'll give her gas to breathe and keep her asleep on the way.
0:27:57 > 0:28:00If she actually holds her head in that position,
0:28:00 > 0:28:01she actually breathes a whole lot better.
0:28:05 > 0:28:07One, two, three.
0:28:09 > 0:28:13Dee's driven across town to The University Veterinary Hospital.
0:28:26 > 0:28:29It's up to vet Herot Steenkamp to find out
0:28:29 > 0:28:32exactly what Dee's mysterious illness is.
0:28:32 > 0:28:34Just get her nice and straight.
0:28:34 > 0:28:36and he can turn to the kind of equipment
0:28:36 > 0:28:39that's more at home in our hospitals, a CT scanner.
0:28:42 > 0:28:44He'll take a series of X-rays to build up
0:28:44 > 0:28:47a detailed image of the inside of her head.
0:28:50 > 0:28:54Those are the two eyes.
0:28:54 > 0:28:57As we go back...
0:28:57 > 0:28:59and that's where the brain starts, up there.
0:29:01 > 0:29:03But then he spots something.
0:29:05 > 0:29:08All of this tissue, yeah, is that normal?
0:29:08 > 0:29:10At this stage, I don't have any indication
0:29:10 > 0:29:15if this is a tumour or is it just an accumulation of mucus?
0:29:16 > 0:29:20He needs to pinpoint exactly where it is
0:29:20 > 0:29:25and to do that he builds up a 3D image of Dee's skull.
0:29:25 > 0:29:28We can rotate this all the way around
0:29:28 > 0:29:32and it's still there in the nose itself.
0:29:34 > 0:29:38There are many causes for soft tissue masses like that,
0:29:38 > 0:29:41so at this moment in time we have an idea where the problem is,
0:29:41 > 0:29:43but we don't know exactly what the problem.
0:29:45 > 0:29:47There's a chance it could be a tumour.
0:29:47 > 0:29:48Ready? One, two, three.
0:29:52 > 0:29:55The only way to find out is for Herot to take a biopsy.
0:29:58 > 0:30:01To reach the mass he uses an endoscope.
0:30:04 > 0:30:06That in the centre of the picture now
0:30:06 > 0:30:08is what I think is the mass
0:30:08 > 0:30:12at the right angle and also the right depth.
0:30:12 > 0:30:14So...
0:30:14 > 0:30:18With the endoscope's tiny cutters, he takes tissue samples,
0:30:18 > 0:30:20which will be sent off to be examined.
0:30:25 > 0:30:29While she's asleep, he checks Dee for anything else
0:30:29 > 0:30:31that could have caused the mass
0:30:31 > 0:30:36and he discovers that some of her teeth are badly decayed.
0:30:36 > 0:30:38Around this canine, the pulp's exposed,
0:30:38 > 0:30:41so I think that needs to come out.
0:30:41 > 0:30:46Decay means bacteria and that could cause a severe infection...
0:30:48 > 0:30:52..but it's the possibility of a tumour that's worrying Adrian.
0:30:52 > 0:30:55The samples that we've now collected are going to the pathologist.
0:30:55 > 0:30:58Erm, that's going to take at least two or three days
0:30:58 > 0:31:01before we get the actual results and then they will be able to tell us
0:31:01 > 0:31:05what kind of lump it is and then based on that we can then
0:31:05 > 0:31:07decide on the treatment, erm, going forward.
0:31:12 > 0:31:15It'll be an anxious wait for the team until they know
0:31:15 > 0:31:18whether Dee has an infection or something far worse.
0:31:20 > 0:31:22OK, sweetheart.
0:31:22 > 0:31:26For now, it's back to the zoo with a course of antibiotics.
0:31:42 > 0:31:47In Borneo, Rosemary the orangutan is about to undergo pioneering surgery
0:31:47 > 0:31:51to replace the lenses in her eyes and hopefully restore her sight.
0:31:53 > 0:31:59I hope that eventually, we can return her and her daughter,
0:31:59 > 0:32:02Miss Rodney, back to the forest.
0:32:02 > 0:32:04It'd be great for Rosemary,
0:32:04 > 0:32:06but it would be even better for her daughter.
0:32:18 > 0:32:20Will that work?
0:32:20 > 0:32:23Dr Izak Venter, a leading animal eye surgeon,
0:32:23 > 0:32:27has come from South Africa to treat her,
0:32:27 > 0:32:30but first he has to set up a hi-tech operating theatre
0:32:30 > 0:32:33in this remote rainforest location.
0:32:38 > 0:32:40This will be only the second time he's attempted
0:32:40 > 0:32:44to replace the lenses in an orangutan's eye.
0:32:44 > 0:32:47I hope I haven't missed anything and to hope for the best.
0:32:49 > 0:32:52Rosemary may be about to have radical microsurgery,
0:32:52 > 0:32:56but she'll be sedated in a very traditional way
0:32:56 > 0:32:58by blow pipe.
0:33:04 > 0:33:09QUIET CHATTER
0:33:14 > 0:33:18Before Izak can start the operation to replace Rosemary's lenses,
0:33:18 > 0:33:22he needs to make sure that her eyes aren't already too damaged.
0:33:24 > 0:33:26So he has to test her retinas,
0:33:26 > 0:33:29the part of her eyes which are sensitive to light.
0:33:33 > 0:33:37Could we get the lights, please, mate? Thanks.
0:33:40 > 0:33:44OK. That's fine. What we're going to do is stimulate the eye with light.
0:33:46 > 0:33:50If Rosemary's eye can be saved, they'll get a signal.
0:33:52 > 0:33:54But there's no reading.
0:33:54 > 0:33:56SHE SIGHS
0:33:56 > 0:33:59Rosemary will always be blind in this eye.
0:34:03 > 0:34:06Unless he gets a better result in her right eye,
0:34:06 > 0:34:08Izak won't be able to do the operation.
0:34:11 > 0:34:13- Yeah, the right eye looks good. - Great.
0:34:15 > 0:34:17Terrific, one eye can be done.
0:34:17 > 0:34:18ORANGUTAN SNORES
0:34:18 > 0:34:21You can snore. Jeez!
0:34:24 > 0:34:28Everything now depends on Izak's microsurgery skills
0:34:28 > 0:34:31to replace the lens in Rosemary's one good eye.
0:34:31 > 0:34:32OK.
0:34:36 > 0:34:38I can clearly see the cataract in her eye.
0:34:38 > 0:34:41The pupil should be black
0:34:41 > 0:34:44and in this case, the pupil is white and that's the opaque lens.
0:34:47 > 0:34:51He starts by making a tiny incision of just over three millimetres.
0:34:51 > 0:34:54All his instruments will have to fit into this cut
0:34:54 > 0:34:56as well as the new lens.
0:34:56 > 0:34:58Yeah, looks good.
0:34:58 > 0:35:01Next, Izak has to squeeze a new lens made of acrylic
0:35:01 > 0:35:03into Rosemary's eye.
0:35:04 > 0:35:07It's now in. Now, I'm just going to fiddle to get it in position.
0:35:10 > 0:35:11Great, that's it.
0:35:13 > 0:35:17The high precision surgery has taken just over an hour.
0:35:17 > 0:35:21Now, Rosemary can be reunited with her daughter, Rodney.
0:35:24 > 0:35:26She's probably going to be able to distinguish light
0:35:26 > 0:35:29and dark straight away, but distinct, clear vision,
0:35:29 > 0:35:31that...that may take a while.
0:35:31 > 0:35:33We don't know exactly when that will return.
0:35:43 > 0:35:45Birute will have to wait
0:35:45 > 0:35:48until Izak can come back in a few months' time to find out
0:35:48 > 0:35:51how successful Rosemary's surgery has been.
0:36:03 > 0:36:07Although a lot of human medicine can be adapted to help animals,
0:36:07 > 0:36:09when it comes to anaesthetising them,
0:36:09 > 0:36:11their different shapes and sizes
0:36:11 > 0:36:14can give vets unique challenges.
0:36:15 > 0:36:17One, two, three.
0:36:19 > 0:36:22We've seen that under an anaesthetic a rhino can crush itself
0:36:22 > 0:36:24through its own weight.
0:36:24 > 0:36:27QUIET CHATTER
0:36:28 > 0:36:32And the soft palate in a seal's mouth can relax so much,
0:36:32 > 0:36:34it can block its airway and suffocate it.
0:36:34 > 0:36:38In that position, she actually breathes a whole lot better.
0:36:38 > 0:36:41But one of the most difficult animals for vets to anaesthetise
0:36:41 > 0:36:42is the giraffe.
0:36:51 > 0:36:54Here on a game reserve in South Africa,
0:36:54 > 0:36:56one giraffe has stepped into a snare
0:36:56 > 0:37:00and the loop of wire is cutting into his swollen right front leg.
0:37:03 > 0:37:07So vet Derek Venter has been called in to try and remove it.
0:37:11 > 0:37:14That snare can cut in through the skin
0:37:14 > 0:37:18and then it can sever the nerves and the ligaments.
0:37:18 > 0:37:21If that's the case, it'll just mean the death of the animal.
0:37:25 > 0:37:28To catch the giraffe, they'll have to dart him...
0:37:30 > 0:37:32..but they can't let him fall down.
0:37:32 > 0:37:37He stands nearly six metres tall and if he hits his head on the ground,
0:37:37 > 0:37:41it could kill him, and that's not Derek's only worry.
0:37:42 > 0:37:45The big problem that we have in giraffe
0:37:45 > 0:37:47is the fact that they are vertical animals.
0:37:47 > 0:37:49They have to have a very strong heart
0:37:49 > 0:37:51to pump the blood to the brain.
0:37:51 > 0:37:54Now, if they are in a horizontal position,
0:37:54 > 0:37:56that resistance isn't there any more.
0:37:56 > 0:37:58The blood pressure goes so high,
0:37:58 > 0:38:00it causes a blood vessel to rupture in the brain.
0:38:02 > 0:38:05Adding to the danger, the anaesthetic drugs are so powerful
0:38:05 > 0:38:07that they can stop him breathing,
0:38:08 > 0:38:12so once they've darted him, they need to give him another drug
0:38:12 > 0:38:15to wake him up within three minutes or he could die.
0:38:17 > 0:38:19All right, let's do this.
0:38:24 > 0:38:28To help him, Derek has called in a specialist giraffe capture team
0:38:28 > 0:38:30run by Louis van Feck.
0:38:31 > 0:38:33Giraffe is one of those kind of animals
0:38:33 > 0:38:35that the vet can't handle alone.
0:38:35 > 0:38:38I have a capture team. We're about ten guys
0:38:38 > 0:38:41and they work with me on a daily basis.
0:38:41 > 0:38:46And we rope between 50 and 100 giraffes per season.
0:38:51 > 0:38:53First, they have to find him.
0:39:05 > 0:39:08There it is, right in front.
0:39:11 > 0:39:14The noise of the gun will scare him off,
0:39:14 > 0:39:17so Derek needs to hit his target first time.
0:39:25 > 0:39:27Keep your eyes on it. Don't lose it, don't lose it.
0:39:27 > 0:39:28Go fast with the bike.
0:39:31 > 0:39:33Now, the chase is on.
0:39:39 > 0:39:43If we lose this animal and it goes down before we get to it,
0:39:43 > 0:39:47there's a big, big chance that it might fall and injure itself
0:39:47 > 0:39:52or actually stop breathing without anybody there to intervene,
0:39:52 > 0:39:55so we really have to have our eyes on it now.
0:39:58 > 0:39:59Giraffes might be big,
0:39:59 > 0:40:03but their markings mimic the dappled light coming through the leaves
0:40:03 > 0:40:05in the trees, completely disguising them.
0:40:10 > 0:40:13This bush is so thick this time of the year.
0:40:13 > 0:40:15It's extremely difficult to catch giraffe.
0:40:15 > 0:40:17They...they are big animals,
0:40:17 > 0:40:22but they can disappear like a needle in a haystack.
0:40:26 > 0:40:28Let this other buggy come past.
0:40:31 > 0:40:35There's no sign of him, so the team split up to cover more ground.
0:40:35 > 0:40:39What started as a mission to save him could end in tragedy.
0:40:51 > 0:40:53Then, at last, they spot him.
0:40:53 > 0:40:55There he is.
0:40:55 > 0:40:57HE KNOCKS ON ROOF
0:41:16 > 0:41:20They're chasing an animal that can reach up to 35mph.
0:41:22 > 0:41:25Let's turn around. We've got to.
0:41:37 > 0:41:39Louis quickly injects the all-important drug,
0:41:39 > 0:41:42which will reverse the effects of the anaesthetic.
0:41:42 > 0:41:45We were lucky to find him walking down the road.
0:41:45 > 0:41:50It was the right time to catch. The drug was taking effect.
0:41:50 > 0:41:52He's now fully awake,
0:41:52 > 0:41:56so they rope his legs and hold his powerful neck down,
0:41:56 > 0:41:58so he can't injure himself or them.
0:42:01 > 0:42:03OK, guys, let's go, let's go.
0:42:03 > 0:42:05Bring the kit.
0:42:06 > 0:42:11It's their first chance to take a close look at his bad leg.
0:42:11 > 0:42:13The snare has been on here for quite some time,
0:42:13 > 0:42:16but Derek will have to open it up to make sure
0:42:16 > 0:42:19there's not something left in there.
0:42:19 > 0:42:21It's been rotting quite a bit.
0:42:21 > 0:42:23Here he comes.
0:42:23 > 0:42:25OK. All right.
0:42:28 > 0:42:30So, I just want to open it up a little bit,
0:42:30 > 0:42:32explore it and see what's in there.
0:42:34 > 0:42:38I suspect that there might be a piece of wire still left in here.
0:42:40 > 0:42:42Some disinfectant, yeah?
0:42:45 > 0:42:48Derek thinks the wound could be over three weeks old,
0:42:48 > 0:42:50so it's become very painful.
0:42:52 > 0:42:53Watch out.
0:42:56 > 0:42:57Hold on, guys. Hold on, guys.
0:43:03 > 0:43:04I've got it.
0:43:04 > 0:43:09This is just a topical antibiotic
0:43:09 > 0:43:14and, erm, a substance
0:43:14 > 0:43:17that also stimulates growth.
0:43:19 > 0:43:21The wound needs to be kept clean,
0:43:21 > 0:43:25but a bandage wouldn't last long in the wild.
0:43:25 > 0:43:29This is tar. It's a deterrent for flies
0:43:29 > 0:43:33and it also keeps the wound nice and dry.
0:43:33 > 0:43:37This works really well in field situations
0:43:37 > 0:43:40where you cannot follow up the animal every day.
0:43:41 > 0:43:42OK.
0:43:45 > 0:43:48All that's left is to let him go.
0:43:49 > 0:43:51Let's go, let's go. Get out of the way.
0:43:51 > 0:43:53Just give him some time to adjust.
0:44:05 > 0:44:07He's taking good weight on it
0:44:07 > 0:44:10and hopefully within two weeks
0:44:10 > 0:44:12that would have been healed up nicely now.
0:44:15 > 0:44:18I've seen it many times before.
0:44:18 > 0:44:22If you can just take out that snare without any additional treatment,
0:44:22 > 0:44:23they heal up completely.
0:44:26 > 0:44:30It went well. No-one got hurt, so...
0:44:30 > 0:44:31good day.
0:44:44 > 0:44:48At the zoo in Pretoria for most of the seals, it's life as normal.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56But Dee has been separated from the others.
0:44:56 > 0:44:59She has to go back to the hospital today.
0:44:59 > 0:45:03She had a biopsy, which showed the mass in her nose wasn't a tumour.
0:45:03 > 0:45:04OK, sweetie.
0:45:06 > 0:45:08But they still need to find out what caused it.
0:45:19 > 0:45:24I'm going with chief vet Adrian Tordiffe and keeper Elsie Breednam
0:45:24 > 0:45:26as they take Dee for more tests.
0:45:29 > 0:45:32The shorter I can have her on anaesthetic, the better.
0:45:32 > 0:45:35Yeah, but she's really settled now, by the looks of it.
0:45:35 > 0:45:36Yeah.
0:45:41 > 0:45:44First of all, Herot wants to take another scan.
0:45:48 > 0:45:51So, what's changed since the last scan, then?
0:45:51 > 0:45:53Have we seen any...any difference?
0:45:53 > 0:45:58What is very pleasing to see is that the mass in the nose
0:45:58 > 0:45:59- is a lot smaller.- Yeah.
0:45:59 > 0:46:02And the fact that that is responding to the antibiotic treatment
0:46:02 > 0:46:07tells me that it is coming from an infectious source like this canine.
0:46:08 > 0:46:12Bacteria has travelled up through the holes in her teeth,
0:46:12 > 0:46:15causing an infection, which has spread to the bone.
0:46:15 > 0:46:20What is quite remarkable is on the opposite side of the lower canine,
0:46:20 > 0:46:22you can see that big hole there.
0:46:22 > 0:46:24Yeah, that's really obvious, isn't it?
0:46:24 > 0:46:26What we saw three months ago
0:46:26 > 0:46:28and what we see today is a marked deterioration.
0:46:28 > 0:46:29A deterioration, yeah.
0:46:32 > 0:46:34This scan has convinced Herot
0:46:34 > 0:46:38that Dee's canine teeth have been causing all her trouble
0:46:38 > 0:46:41and he'll have to take them out
0:46:41 > 0:46:44once he's tackled the mass.
0:46:47 > 0:46:50It's a worrying time for Dee's keeper Elsie.
0:46:53 > 0:46:55And I have to tease it out bit by bit.
0:46:58 > 0:47:03As he suspected, the lump is full of pus and dead tissue.
0:47:04 > 0:47:07That's so satisfying seeing that finally come out of the nose
0:47:07 > 0:47:09after all those months of looking at the scans
0:47:09 > 0:47:12and not knowing what's been in Dee's nose.
0:47:15 > 0:47:17There seems to be loads of it coming out.
0:47:19 > 0:47:21Once it's all been removed,
0:47:21 > 0:47:24Herot can start to work on her decayed canine teeth.
0:47:27 > 0:47:29This is the one causing the problem
0:47:29 > 0:47:33and as you can see, the base of that root is just full of pus.
0:47:33 > 0:47:35That's looking really, really nasty.
0:47:35 > 0:47:39All the other big fangs, the other big canine teeth at the front
0:47:39 > 0:47:42are exactly the same, so they're all being removed now.
0:47:43 > 0:47:45So she'll have a very different smile,
0:47:45 > 0:47:47but she'll have a much nicer mouth.
0:48:07 > 0:48:11A few weeks later, Dee's fully recovered.
0:48:20 > 0:48:23There's just a little bit of a scar left over here, a little mark
0:48:23 > 0:48:26and it's healed all very well, yeah.
0:48:26 > 0:48:31And if you look into her mouth, this is where the canines used to be
0:48:31 > 0:48:35and up here at the top and there's no sign of infection
0:48:35 > 0:48:37and it's healed up pretty well, eh?
0:48:38 > 0:48:39Yes. Good.
0:48:39 > 0:48:40And she can eat big fish,
0:48:40 > 0:48:42she can eat small fish.
0:48:42 > 0:48:45Can eat another big fish.
0:48:45 > 0:48:46Not a problem.
0:48:52 > 0:48:55Making good use of some very hi tech equipment
0:48:55 > 0:48:59helped the team diagnose exactly what was wrong with Dee
0:48:59 > 0:49:01and nurse her back to health.
0:49:01 > 0:49:05She's a very happy, healthy little girl at the moment.
0:49:06 > 0:49:08I'm happy that it all went well.
0:49:08 > 0:49:11Erm, at the end, it was worth it.
0:49:39 > 0:49:40It's been three months
0:49:40 > 0:49:44since vets gave Thandi the first ever rhino skin graft to try
0:49:44 > 0:49:48to heal the wound where her horns were removed by poachers.
0:49:50 > 0:49:54Today, vet Will Fowlds and plastic surgeon Alastair Lamont
0:49:54 > 0:49:58will discover whether the experimental grafts are working.
0:49:59 > 0:50:03It's dramatically better, the upper part of this face has healed.
0:50:03 > 0:50:06Will and I think there's areas here where the grafts have taken
0:50:06 > 0:50:08and have survived, but this part of the face,
0:50:08 > 0:50:10which is more subject to injury,
0:50:10 > 0:50:13it looks as if the grafts either haven't taken
0:50:13 > 0:50:14or have been scraped off.
0:50:18 > 0:50:20My gut feeling is that we should do nothing now.
0:50:20 > 0:50:22Let her manage this wound herself.
0:50:22 > 0:50:23OK, fantastic.
0:50:23 > 0:50:26There's no infection. There's nothing spreading out of this wound.
0:50:26 > 0:50:28It's healing from the edges
0:50:28 > 0:50:30and to try and graft now would be pointless,
0:50:30 > 0:50:32especially if she's going to scrape it off again.
0:50:37 > 0:50:39Thandi seems to be putting the trauma
0:50:39 > 0:50:41of the poaching behind her.
0:50:45 > 0:50:50She's more confident and she's been seen mating with a bull.
0:50:53 > 0:50:58If Thandi is pregnant, it will be the most amazing news.
0:50:58 > 0:51:00It's been an emotional roller coaster,
0:51:00 > 0:51:03erm, particularly the first few months.
0:51:05 > 0:51:08To actually see her with her calf one day
0:51:08 > 0:51:13will be the most amazing ending to a very traumatic story.
0:51:25 > 0:51:29Will's hopes for Thandi have been realised.
0:51:29 > 0:51:32Blood tests show she is pregnant
0:51:32 > 0:51:34and her calf is due to be born at the end of the year.
0:51:55 > 0:51:59In Borneo, it's been a few months since Rosemary the orangutan
0:51:59 > 0:52:02had microsurgery to remove a cataract.
0:52:06 > 0:52:10And I've come to find out if the operation has been a success.
0:52:17 > 0:52:19So she doesn't pick up an eye infection,
0:52:19 > 0:52:22she and her daughter Rodney have been staying in the medical wing.
0:52:26 > 0:52:27Whoops.
0:52:33 > 0:52:37So, how do you think Rosemary is since the operation?
0:52:37 > 0:52:39Oh, she's a changed person.
0:52:39 > 0:52:41She's much calmer.
0:52:41 > 0:52:43She loves her baby more.
0:52:43 > 0:52:48She's returned to what she once was before she turned blind
0:52:48 > 0:52:52and that was a very vigorous orangutan.
0:52:52 > 0:52:54A very energetic orangutan,
0:52:54 > 0:52:58but one who was happy and not frustrated.
0:52:58 > 0:53:02Were you there... Could you see the moment that she could see?
0:53:02 > 0:53:04You know, I'm not sure the exact moment
0:53:04 > 0:53:07that she realised that she could see,
0:53:07 > 0:53:12but I was there when she looked around, saw her daughter
0:53:12 > 0:53:18and she put her arms around her and kissed her on the face.
0:53:20 > 0:53:23And in all the years of Rosemary's blindness,
0:53:23 > 0:53:26I had never seen her do anything like that before.
0:53:32 > 0:53:35Izak has also returned to check up on her.
0:53:38 > 0:53:41Hey, can you see me?
0:53:41 > 0:53:43ROSEMARY BLOWS RASPBERRIES
0:53:45 > 0:53:47I'm happy with the fact
0:53:47 > 0:53:50that she's managing to grab that mango fairly accurately
0:53:50 > 0:53:53and that's a really good sign of...of functional vision.
0:53:55 > 0:53:58Oh, good girl. Good girl.
0:54:00 > 0:54:02- Yeah, she's...- Yeah. - ..seen the light source.
0:54:02 > 0:54:04You can see the pupil's nice and black,
0:54:04 > 0:54:07so all of that means that the optic pathway to the back of the eye
0:54:07 > 0:54:10is restored and her focal length is back to normal.
0:54:10 > 0:54:14So, she's got pretty much normal vision in that eye.
0:54:14 > 0:54:15So, what's the plan now with her?
0:54:15 > 0:54:18Well, the plan is that she is going to go back to the wild
0:54:18 > 0:54:22and there's absolutely no reason why we need to keep her
0:54:22 > 0:54:26here any longer now that Dr Izak has verified what we thought we knew
0:54:26 > 0:54:28and that is that her sight is back.
0:54:33 > 0:54:36The operation was risky, but it's been successful
0:54:36 > 0:54:40and putting a lens into Rosemary's eye has changed not just her life,
0:54:40 > 0:54:43but also the life of Rodney here and very soon both of them
0:54:43 > 0:54:45will be released back into the wild
0:54:45 > 0:54:47to live the life they should be living.
0:55:00 > 0:55:05Next time, a moon bear needs brain surgery deep in the jungle.
0:55:08 > 0:55:12See if you can plug it directly into something.
0:55:12 > 0:55:14Vets have to remove an elephant's giant tusk.
0:55:17 > 0:55:22And will a prosthetic tail help Fuji the dolphin swim again?