0:00:08 > 0:00:11Two different sources suggesting to me that Sunderland,
0:00:11 > 0:00:14which we expect to be for Leave, might be very,
0:00:14 > 0:00:18very clearly for Leave, but it would be very important because Sunderland
0:00:18 > 0:00:23would be an indication of how strong the Leave vote might be
0:00:23 > 0:00:24in other parts of the country.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33Let's go straight to Sunderland.
0:00:33 > 0:00:37Total number of votes cast in favour of Remain was...
0:00:38 > 0:00:42..51,930.
0:00:42 > 0:00:45There were a whole group of us watching the screen,
0:00:45 > 0:00:47and the Sunderland result came up.
0:00:47 > 0:00:51The total number of votes cast in favour of Leave was...
0:00:51 > 0:00:5282,000...
0:00:52 > 0:00:55CHEERING
0:00:56 > 0:00:58And it led to what I will always call the Sunderland roar.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00And suddenly we all thought,
0:01:00 > 0:01:03"Wow! This is unbelievable."
0:01:03 > 0:01:05CHEERING
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Well, the whole room just erupted.
0:01:10 > 0:01:13I was still actually physically shaking myself, you know,
0:01:13 > 0:01:16just with sheer excitement and surprise.
0:01:18 > 0:01:19More news about the pound, Kamal.
0:01:19 > 0:01:22Well, David, it's absolutely taken a hammering
0:01:22 > 0:01:25since that Sunderland result, which seems to suggest
0:01:25 > 0:01:27that Leave might be doing a lot better tonight.
0:01:27 > 0:01:30It's down 6%.
0:01:33 > 0:01:35A lot of pollsters had done polling saying that they thought we'd won,
0:01:35 > 0:01:38hedge funds had done models suggesting we'd won,
0:01:38 > 0:01:41so the sensation was really like walking across a path
0:01:41 > 0:01:43that appeared to be safety,
0:01:43 > 0:01:46and then dropping into quicksand, and realising there was nothing
0:01:46 > 0:01:48and nobody that was actually going to pull you out of it.
0:01:50 > 0:01:54The British people have spoken, and the answer is, "We're out."
0:02:02 > 0:02:04The British people have made a very clear decision
0:02:04 > 0:02:06to take a different path.
0:02:06 > 0:02:07And, as such,
0:02:07 > 0:02:10I think the country requires fresh leadership
0:02:10 > 0:02:13to take it in this direction.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17I love this country, and I feel honoured to have served it.
0:02:17 > 0:02:19Thank you very much.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24He finished the speech and he walked back inside and there was a lot of,
0:02:24 > 0:02:28you know, emotion at that moment, a lot of tears in people's eyes.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31And he then went with Sam inside his office and closed the door.
0:02:34 > 0:02:38The early hours of June 24th changed everything around here
0:02:38 > 0:02:42in ways that we will feel for decades to come.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45But beyond the frantic frenzy of these summer weeks,
0:02:45 > 0:02:49the referendum result has thrown up question marks about our politics,
0:02:49 > 0:02:53our economy, the like of which haven't been posed for generations.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55So how did it happen,
0:02:55 > 0:02:59and why did so few people in the establishment
0:02:59 > 0:03:01think that it actually might?
0:03:14 > 0:03:18The story of the referendum starts back in 2013.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24David Cameron is part of a coalition government
0:03:24 > 0:03:28with an election planned for two years later.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32The next Conservative manifesto in 2015
0:03:32 > 0:03:34will ask for a mandate from the British people
0:03:34 > 0:03:38for a Conservative government to negotiate a new settlement
0:03:38 > 0:03:42with our European partners in the next Parliament.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44And when we have negotiated that new settlement,
0:03:44 > 0:03:48we will give the British people a referendum.
0:03:48 > 0:03:51It will be an in-out referendum.
0:03:52 > 0:03:53I was not consulted.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55I was only a member of the Cabinet.
0:03:55 > 0:03:57I read about it in the newspaper.
0:03:57 > 0:03:58Er...
0:03:58 > 0:04:00He either heard that I was very angry,
0:04:00 > 0:04:02or I might have asked to go and see him,
0:04:02 > 0:04:05I can't remember, but we had a row about it.
0:04:05 > 0:04:06But it was a done deal.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08- Thank you very much indeed. - APPLAUSE
0:04:08 > 0:04:12I think it was the most reckless and irresponsible decision
0:04:12 > 0:04:16to announce that he was going to hold a referendum
0:04:16 > 0:04:17in a few years' time.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25But there were reasons behind the historic promise.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29A big one was called Nigel,
0:04:29 > 0:04:33whose so-called people's army was recruiting in droves.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37We now have over 30,000 members, and we're rising fast,
0:04:37 > 0:04:39and by the time of the next general election,
0:04:39 > 0:04:42we will have the third highest membership
0:04:42 > 0:04:44of any party in this country.
0:04:48 > 0:04:49You had the rise of Ukip,
0:04:49 > 0:04:52scores of Conservative MPs were rebelling on any issue
0:04:52 > 0:04:54to do with Europe,
0:04:54 > 0:04:56the Labour Party was flirting with holding a referendum,
0:04:56 > 0:04:59and more than half of the country when asked about it
0:04:59 > 0:05:01said that they also wanted to have a referendum
0:05:01 > 0:05:03on whether or not we stayed in the EU.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06So it became a huge boulder that was right in the middle of the road
0:05:06 > 0:05:07of politics and government
0:05:07 > 0:05:12that you either choose to work around or actually deal with.
0:05:12 > 0:05:16But it was a question, was it not, of political management?
0:05:16 > 0:05:19It was not something that the public was clamouring for.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21You could either deal with it now,
0:05:21 > 0:05:23or the reality is it would pop up again
0:05:23 > 0:05:25in a few months or a few years.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28But the idea that we weren't going to have a referendum on Europe,
0:05:28 > 0:05:29I think is naive.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35Promises aren't always kept in politics.
0:05:35 > 0:05:39It was never certain the referendum would happen,
0:05:39 > 0:05:42but David Cameron even surprised himself
0:05:42 > 0:05:45by winning the 2015 election.
0:05:45 > 0:05:47Are you glad to have won at last?
0:05:47 > 0:05:49Now he had to keep his word.
0:05:51 > 0:05:52I remember we had a conversation
0:05:52 > 0:05:54a few months before the last general election.
0:05:54 > 0:05:57I think we both idly mused what the outcome of the election might be,
0:05:57 > 0:06:00whether another coalition needed to be formed.
0:06:00 > 0:06:01And I said to him,
0:06:01 > 0:06:03"Look, I just can't get my head around
0:06:03 > 0:06:06"this European gamble you've taken.
0:06:06 > 0:06:08"Are you sure you know what you wish for?"
0:06:08 > 0:06:09And I remember at the time
0:06:09 > 0:06:11David Cameron sort of very breezily saying,
0:06:11 > 0:06:13"Oh, of course it'll be won, of course it'll be won."
0:06:13 > 0:06:15I said, "Well, I'm really not so sure."
0:06:15 > 0:06:18While the Prime Minister enjoyed what felt like a surprise win...
0:06:22 > 0:06:26..those set on beating him in a much bigger contest
0:06:26 > 0:06:28were getting down to work...
0:06:29 > 0:06:34..watching from across the river, planning and plotting to win.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38When we walked into this room, it was concrete floor,
0:06:38 > 0:06:41there was builders' rubble around, the ceiling wasn't up,
0:06:41 > 0:06:43so it was literally an empty shell,
0:06:43 > 0:06:46and we built it from scratch.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51Alongside Matthew Elliott, Dominic Cummings.
0:06:51 > 0:06:54A spiky and cerebral former adviser
0:06:54 > 0:06:55to the Cabinet minister Michael Gove.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00Their conversations, the early moments of the campaign
0:07:00 > 0:07:02that became Vote Leave.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05I remember thinking, "Right, what should the slogan be?"
0:07:05 > 0:07:09I think initially we thought of "Vote Leave, Get Change."
0:07:09 > 0:07:11But then Dom was sitting there, and based on all his experience,
0:07:11 > 0:07:14he thought, right, "Vote Leave, Take Control."
0:07:14 > 0:07:18"Take control" was a perfect way of describing
0:07:18 > 0:07:21the concepts of sovereignty and accountability
0:07:21 > 0:07:23which all perhaps seem a bit airy-fairy to people,
0:07:23 > 0:07:27but a concrete way of saying it is "take back control."
0:07:31 > 0:07:35At the same time, in an office in the City of London,
0:07:35 > 0:07:39Will Straw was assembling a cross-party pro-EU campaign.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44And just like Vote Leave, they needed a name.
0:07:44 > 0:07:48Well, we did a lot of polling around what we thought the big issues
0:07:48 > 0:07:51were going to be in the election, and some of the resonant phrases.
0:07:51 > 0:07:53And of those phrases,
0:07:53 > 0:07:55the idea of British strength
0:07:55 > 0:07:59was the most resonant with the public.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02And of course, it was important to signal what this was all about,
0:08:02 > 0:08:05so the longer name was Britain Stronger In Europe,
0:08:05 > 0:08:08but Stronger In was the sort of shorthand that we used,
0:08:08 > 0:08:10so a very inclusive phrase
0:08:10 > 0:08:12that people can could say, you know, "I'm in."
0:08:17 > 0:08:19No-one knew when the vote would be,
0:08:19 > 0:08:21and first, David Cameron had a plan
0:08:21 > 0:08:24to get a new deal with the rest of the EU.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29It meant that the team was often flying off around Europe
0:08:29 > 0:08:30and visiting countries.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32The Prime Minister visited countries
0:08:32 > 0:08:36that no British Prime Minister has visited in a century.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39There were months of angst, and hope of big changes,
0:08:39 > 0:08:41especially on immigration.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43The Prime Minister wanted to cut the number
0:08:43 > 0:08:46of EU workers coming to the UK.
0:08:46 > 0:08:47Hi, good afternoon.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50Well, we've got some important work to do today and tomorrow,
0:08:50 > 0:08:52and it's going to be hard.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54REPORTERS CLAMOUR
0:08:57 > 0:09:00After a final draining few days in Brussels,
0:09:00 > 0:09:02the Prime Minister did gain some ground.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07For example, tighter rules on EU workers claiming benefits.
0:09:07 > 0:09:08But no limit on numbers.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11His EU counterparts wouldn't budge.
0:09:11 > 0:09:13It's no wonder that a club of 27,
0:09:13 > 0:09:16dealing with huge issues of their own -
0:09:16 > 0:09:19the migration crisis, the economic problems in the eurozone -
0:09:19 > 0:09:23were not in a mood to sort of provide a sweetheart deal
0:09:23 > 0:09:27to a leader of a Conservative Party who, from their point of view,
0:09:27 > 0:09:29appeared simply to be demanding things
0:09:29 > 0:09:33to satisfy the editor of the Daily Mail and his backbenchers,
0:09:33 > 0:09:37rather than doing so in the interests of Europe as a whole.
0:09:38 > 0:09:41Isn't the problem with the renegotiation,
0:09:41 > 0:09:43what you got was very meaningful
0:09:43 > 0:09:46to people who know a lot about the European Union.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48There were not measures that most voters
0:09:48 > 0:09:50would be able to look at a piece of paper and go,
0:09:50 > 0:09:53"Oh, wow, the EU's going to be completely different. Sign me up!"?
0:09:53 > 0:09:55I'm not sure I accept your point.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58Immigration, and not having those pull factors,
0:09:58 > 0:10:02not giving people £1,000 a month in terms of benefits
0:10:02 > 0:10:03in order to come to this country
0:10:03 > 0:10:06is obviously going to have a huge difference to people.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10If you're saying to me that the European Union is a very complex,
0:10:10 > 0:10:14complicated thing that requires a lot of information to explain it,
0:10:14 > 0:10:18and is subtle and nuanced and difficult, yes, it is.
0:10:24 > 0:10:25Good afternoon.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28Three years ago, I committed to the British people
0:10:28 > 0:10:32that I would renegotiate our position in the European Union,
0:10:32 > 0:10:35and hold an in-out referendum.
0:10:35 > 0:10:37Now, I am delivering on that commitment.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41You will decide, and whatever your decision,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44I will do my best to deliver it.
0:10:44 > 0:10:45Don't be in any doubt -
0:10:45 > 0:10:48this is one of the biggest political moments for years.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52He's putting at stake our membership of the European Union,
0:10:52 > 0:10:57the unity of his party and, indeed, his own political future.
0:10:58 > 0:11:02CHEERING
0:11:02 > 0:11:06Within minutes, the Leave campaign revealed their big names -
0:11:06 > 0:11:08five of David Cameron's own cabinet.
0:11:10 > 0:11:13At their head, the Justice Secretary, Michael Gove...
0:11:14 > 0:11:16..a long-time friend of the Prime Minister,
0:11:16 > 0:11:18and well-known Euro-sceptic.
0:11:18 > 0:11:22And Gove had also revealed himself to be a fan
0:11:22 > 0:11:24of the TV series Game of Thrones.
0:11:28 > 0:11:33Yes, an endless saga of bloodthirsty power struggles and betrayals.
0:11:33 > 0:11:37Makes you wonder if he knew what was coming.
0:11:37 > 0:11:39My favourite character in Game of Thrones
0:11:39 > 0:11:42is undoubtedly Tyrion Lannister.
0:11:42 > 0:11:43And the moment I love most
0:11:43 > 0:11:46is when he leads what's apparently a hopeless charge of his troops
0:11:46 > 0:11:50in defence of King's Landing against the forces of Stannis Baratheon,
0:11:50 > 0:11:53and you see there that this misshapen dwarf,
0:11:53 > 0:11:55reviled throughout his life,
0:11:55 > 0:11:58thought in the eyes of some to be a toxic figure,
0:11:58 > 0:12:03can at last rally a small band of loyal followers.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06When Michael Gove announced that he was joining Vote Leave,
0:12:06 > 0:12:08was the Prime Minister surprised?
0:12:08 > 0:12:09Was he hurt by that?
0:12:09 > 0:12:11I don't think he's ever been surprised
0:12:11 > 0:12:12that Michael Gove's a Euro-sceptic.
0:12:12 > 0:12:15He's made a number of speeches over the years
0:12:15 > 0:12:17making very clear his opinion.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19I think what he was surprised by
0:12:19 > 0:12:23was that he thought that Michael had given him the impression
0:12:23 > 0:12:26that he would not play a very significant role in Vote Leave,
0:12:26 > 0:12:29and when it was announced that he was in fact the chairman
0:12:29 > 0:12:31of Vote Leave, that was a moment of surprise.
0:12:32 > 0:12:35Gove was a big name for the Leave campaign,
0:12:35 > 0:12:38but both sides were desperate for the resident
0:12:38 > 0:12:41of this smart London address to join their gang.
0:12:41 > 0:12:43Good afternoon, everybody.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45I thought I'd better come out and say something,
0:12:45 > 0:12:47because I could see that you were all in a great mass here.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50In terms of Boris Johnson,
0:12:50 > 0:12:52is it true that he only texted the Prime Minister
0:12:52 > 0:12:55a couple of minutes before he made his announcement outside his house?
0:12:55 > 0:12:57I'm not sure if it was a couple of minutes,
0:12:57 > 0:13:00but I know that the Prime Minister felt that he was only finally clear
0:13:00 > 0:13:04within the last quarter of an hour before it happening.
0:13:04 > 0:13:06I've decided, after a huge amount of heartache,
0:13:06 > 0:13:11because I did not want to do anything - the last thing I wanted
0:13:11 > 0:13:15was to go against David Cameron or the Government -
0:13:15 > 0:13:17but after a great deal of heartache,
0:13:17 > 0:13:19I don't think there's anything else I can do.
0:13:19 > 0:13:22I will be advocating Vote Leave,
0:13:22 > 0:13:27because I want a better deal for the people of this country.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29Thank you very much. Thank you very much.
0:13:29 > 0:13:31Anyone would think he likes the attention.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34Love him or loathe him, you can't ignore him.
0:13:34 > 0:13:36Boris Johnson has just taken a huge political jump
0:13:36 > 0:13:39that could change this campaign.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41Do I think it changed the result? I'm not sure.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43I had a colleague the other day who said to me,
0:13:43 > 0:13:46Boris Johnson must have been worth 2-3% on that vote,
0:13:46 > 0:13:49but I think what it certainly did is give credibility,
0:13:49 > 0:13:50cos there was a leader.
0:13:50 > 0:13:51Boris was critical.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55That was a killer blow for Remain.
0:13:55 > 0:13:56Killer blow.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Real problem.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00I think we could have...
0:14:00 > 0:14:02We could have just about coped with Michael Gove,
0:14:02 > 0:14:07but to have Boris join Leave was devastating.
0:14:07 > 0:14:09Stop and think about it, you know -
0:14:09 > 0:14:13without Boris and without Michael Gove, who would they have had?
0:14:13 > 0:14:17When Boris announced on that Sunday
0:14:17 > 0:14:21that he was joining the Leave campaign, I jumped for joy.
0:14:21 > 0:14:22I jumped for joy,
0:14:22 > 0:14:25because it was pretty clear there was a specific audience out there
0:14:25 > 0:14:29that Boris appealed to, just as there's an audience I appeal to,
0:14:29 > 0:14:32and, you know...
0:14:32 > 0:14:36You cannot win a referendum from one particular position
0:14:36 > 0:14:39on the political spectrum.
0:14:42 > 0:14:47Johnson and Gove gave Leave its political star and Tory brainpower.
0:14:50 > 0:14:52Or was it a bumbling action hero...
0:14:55 > 0:14:58..and some intellectual credibility?
0:14:58 > 0:15:01But they were building backing from parts of the press
0:15:01 > 0:15:04with astonishing stories up their sleeve -
0:15:04 > 0:15:07The Sun claiming the Queen backed Brexit,
0:15:07 > 0:15:12quoting an alleged conversation with Nick Clegg in 2012.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15Michael Gove was suspected of being the source.
0:15:15 > 0:15:16As I've said before,
0:15:16 > 0:15:18I don't know how The Sun got all its information,
0:15:18 > 0:15:21and I don't think it's really worth my adding anything
0:15:21 > 0:15:23to what's already been said about this story.
0:15:23 > 0:15:24What actually happened?
0:15:24 > 0:15:27It just didn't happen. So Michael Gove obviously communicated...
0:15:27 > 0:15:30Well, in fact, I KNOW he did communicate this to The Sun...
0:15:30 > 0:15:33- You know he leaked it? - Yes, I know, I know.
0:15:33 > 0:15:36So he did that, and I can see why he might think
0:15:36 > 0:15:38that's an interesting thing to do,
0:15:38 > 0:15:41to try and drag the Queen into it, but it didn't happen.
0:15:41 > 0:15:45I mean, the idea that the Queen, of all people,
0:15:45 > 0:15:49would even bother to give, you know, someone as insignificant
0:15:49 > 0:15:51as a here-today-gone-tomorrow Deputy Prime Minister
0:15:51 > 0:15:56a tongue-lashing about Europe, I just think is so preposterous.
0:15:56 > 0:15:57So it was not true,
0:15:57 > 0:16:01it was a very mendacious thing to say, and it doesn't surprise me
0:16:01 > 0:16:04that Buckingham Palace took this very unusual step
0:16:04 > 0:16:07of actually complaining about the decision themselves.
0:16:07 > 0:16:10I think it was very, very, very disrespectful of Michael Gove
0:16:10 > 0:16:11to have done that.
0:16:11 > 0:16:16Michael Gove has consistently said he did not give The Sun the story.
0:16:25 > 0:16:29Meanwhile, the Stronger In campaign was also up and running...
0:16:30 > 0:16:32..with politicians from different parties
0:16:32 > 0:16:34jostling alongside each other,
0:16:34 > 0:16:37a coalition with unions, and business, too,
0:16:37 > 0:16:39unlike Leave's tight-knit band.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41It's David Cameron calling.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44I'm calling from the Stronger In campaign.
0:16:44 > 0:16:46But as the campaign got underway,
0:16:46 > 0:16:49David Cameron began to call the shots.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52We had created the campaign vehicle,
0:16:52 > 0:16:55but were, in effect, waiting for the Prime Minister
0:16:55 > 0:16:59to jump into the driving seat and take us off.
0:16:59 > 0:17:03What became clear was that he didn't want any back-seat drivers,
0:17:03 > 0:17:07he didn't want anyone sort of grabbing the steering wheel, and...
0:17:08 > 0:17:11..I think many of us didn't realise that would actually mean
0:17:11 > 0:17:15we would be left at the roadside as he drove off in the campaign,
0:17:15 > 0:17:17but that's effectively what happened.
0:17:19 > 0:17:20APPLAUSE
0:17:20 > 0:17:22Good morning, everyone.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24And as the big arguments began,
0:17:24 > 0:17:28Remain was counting on a traditional truth.
0:17:28 > 0:17:33It's about guaranteeing our economic security here in the United Kingdom.
0:17:33 > 0:17:37Brits normally vote for their economic interests,
0:17:37 > 0:17:39so it was Remain's relentless focus.
0:17:39 > 0:17:43This could cost families £4,300.
0:17:43 > 0:17:45£4,300.
0:17:45 > 0:17:46£4,300.
0:17:46 > 0:17:52And that means that Britain would be poorer by £4,300 per household.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55That is £4,300 worse off every year,
0:17:55 > 0:18:00a bill paid year after year by the working people of Britain.
0:18:00 > 0:18:02Did you feel comfortable
0:18:02 > 0:18:05with what David Cameron and George Osborne were doing?
0:18:05 > 0:18:07Well, I felt, in retrospect,
0:18:07 > 0:18:10that there was perhaps a spurious specificity to some of the claims
0:18:10 > 0:18:12that we were making.
0:18:12 > 0:18:13That's a very polite way of saying
0:18:13 > 0:18:15that they were exaggerating the hell out of it.
0:18:15 > 0:18:16Well, I'll use my own words,
0:18:16 > 0:18:19but I think there were perhaps one or two moments
0:18:19 > 0:18:22where things went a bit far, so, you know,
0:18:22 > 0:18:26you mentioned the 4,300 number, which was very specific.
0:18:26 > 0:18:28It certainly did get headlines,
0:18:28 > 0:18:31whereas perhaps a more nuanced approach wouldn't have done.
0:18:31 > 0:18:33We'll never know.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35In the end, I suspect we may have lost the public on that,
0:18:35 > 0:18:38when a more explanatory approach would have been better.
0:18:38 > 0:18:43Every week, we send £350,000,000 to Brussels.
0:18:43 > 0:18:45Money that's wasted.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49Vote Leave were playing their own numbers game.
0:18:53 > 0:18:56Disputed, and endlessly repeated.
0:18:59 > 0:19:02You know very well that you used it
0:19:02 > 0:19:06in a way that can only really be described as quite misleading.
0:19:06 > 0:19:09You know very well lots of that money doesn't go to Brussels
0:19:09 > 0:19:10in the first place,
0:19:10 > 0:19:12you know very well lots of that money comes back from Brussels,
0:19:12 > 0:19:16yet you used it as your headline campaign figure.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20I think we were always clear when it came to the actual campaign
0:19:20 > 0:19:23about these issues if you started talking about them,
0:19:23 > 0:19:24so we were always clear that...
0:19:24 > 0:19:26"If you started talking about them."
0:19:26 > 0:19:28It wasn't very clear from the side of your bus or your posters.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30You had that figure out there
0:19:30 > 0:19:32precisely because you wanted people to talk about it.
0:19:32 > 0:19:35I think actually it was our opponents who were wrong in this,
0:19:35 > 0:19:39in saying that we were sort of lying about this figure, or what have you.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42The 350 million figure is correct, so we stand by it.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44Isn't it really the case, actually,
0:19:44 > 0:19:47it suited you very well to use a figure that was then debated,
0:19:47 > 0:19:49disputed and created lots of controversy?
0:19:49 > 0:19:51Cos it meant people were then talking about
0:19:51 > 0:19:53how much money we spend in the EU.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55We were very pleased that people talked
0:19:55 > 0:19:57about how much we spend in the EU,
0:19:57 > 0:20:00cos of course it's a major part of the debate.
0:20:00 > 0:20:01Wasn't that cynical, though?
0:20:01 > 0:20:03I don't think so.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05Look at what was on the side of the bus.
0:20:05 > 0:20:06Look at what they said.
0:20:06 > 0:20:08Look at what they're claiming,
0:20:08 > 0:20:11and look at how those claims disappeared in a puff of smoke
0:20:11 > 0:20:14two or three days after the campaign.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17Why did they disappear in a puff of smoke? Because they're not true.
0:20:21 > 0:20:23When the fight really got going,
0:20:23 > 0:20:26most of the polling numbers put Remain in front.
0:20:28 > 0:20:31And in April, a roll call of big names
0:20:31 > 0:20:33came calling to hammer home their message.
0:20:37 > 0:20:40First up, the American president,
0:20:40 > 0:20:44with a warning about doing business after Brexit.
0:20:45 > 0:20:47I think it's fair to say that...
0:20:47 > 0:20:49maybe some point down the line,
0:20:49 > 0:20:51there might be a...
0:20:51 > 0:20:54UK-US trade agreement, but it's not going to happen any time soon,
0:20:54 > 0:20:59because our focus is on negotiating with a big bloc, the European Union,
0:20:59 > 0:21:02to get a trade agreement done.
0:21:02 > 0:21:03And the UK is going to be...
0:21:04 > 0:21:06..in the back of the queue.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10We knew from our activists talking to people on the doorstep,
0:21:10 > 0:21:12and also from our focus groups and what have you,
0:21:12 > 0:21:15that people really hated that moment,
0:21:15 > 0:21:18because how dare the President of the US say that to Britain,
0:21:18 > 0:21:21when we've been the first in the queue, the first in line,
0:21:21 > 0:21:25when it's come to military action in Iraq and Afghanistan
0:21:25 > 0:21:26and what have you.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29We've got, you know, a special relationship with the US,
0:21:29 > 0:21:30so how dare the President of the US
0:21:30 > 0:21:32come over here and insult us like that,
0:21:32 > 0:21:35and intervene in our referendum like that?
0:21:35 > 0:21:37So that... That backfired.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42But Remain did not shift.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44The warnings kept coming.
0:21:44 > 0:21:49The head of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, was next to join in.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53A vote to depart the EU would be costly in the long run,
0:21:53 > 0:21:57even after this uncertainty has been resolved.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59And in the short term,
0:21:59 > 0:22:04there is also a risk of an adverse market reaction to a Leave vote,
0:22:04 > 0:22:07the implications of which could be particularly severe.
0:22:08 > 0:22:11And then the Governor of the Bank of England.
0:22:11 > 0:22:13The recent behaviour of the foreign exchange market
0:22:13 > 0:22:16suggests that were the UK to vote to leave the EU,
0:22:16 > 0:22:19sterling's exchange rate would fall further,
0:22:19 > 0:22:20perhaps sharply.
0:22:25 > 0:22:30The Remain camping was banking on a tried and tested political rule -
0:22:30 > 0:22:31that for more than 100 years,
0:22:31 > 0:22:35the British public has normally voted with its wallet.
0:22:35 > 0:22:39As things began, that strategy seemed to be working well.
0:22:39 > 0:22:44But inside the Remain team, as the weeks wore on, doubts crept in.
0:22:44 > 0:22:46There was concern that the British public
0:22:46 > 0:22:51somehow hadn't read the script, or worse, didn't want to listen.
0:22:57 > 0:23:01The Labour Party was backing Remain, but around the country,
0:23:01 > 0:23:04voters who'd been behind the party for decades
0:23:04 > 0:23:07just weren't on board, and time and again,
0:23:07 > 0:23:10MPs were warned off on the doorstep.
0:23:11 > 0:23:14It's just sort of like the elites talking to elites, saying,
0:23:14 > 0:23:17"It's in your best interests to do this,"
0:23:17 > 0:23:21and people weren't listening to that, and people didn't know...
0:23:21 > 0:23:24"What's the IMF? What's that got to do with my life?"
0:23:24 > 0:23:28You know, "What's the OECD? What's that got to do with me?"
0:23:28 > 0:23:31You know, "They're bound to say that, aren't they?"
0:23:31 > 0:23:35And it wasn't something that was real for them in their communities.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40The referendum campaign was exposing the gap
0:23:40 > 0:23:45between the Westminster-focused political class and Britain beyond.
0:23:46 > 0:23:47Like in Sunderland,
0:23:47 > 0:23:51where Eddie, Barry, Jimmy and Hilton were watching.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57I don't think them in Westminster
0:23:57 > 0:24:00know where we are up here in the North,
0:24:00 > 0:24:04because they get as far as Watford,
0:24:04 > 0:24:06and from Watford down, as far as they're concerned,
0:24:06 > 0:24:09I'm sure we didn't exist.
0:24:09 > 0:24:10When did they come to see us?
0:24:10 > 0:24:12When does any of the big politicians
0:24:12 > 0:24:14come into South Shields or into Sunderland?
0:24:14 > 0:24:15Maybe Newcastle.
0:24:15 > 0:24:17They forget that the working class people
0:24:17 > 0:24:20is throughout the whole country, man.
0:24:20 > 0:24:23It's working class in general that they're not working for, Jim,
0:24:23 > 0:24:26not just the working class up here.
0:24:26 > 0:24:28It's not just us that feel like this.
0:24:28 > 0:24:30In the north-west, on the Mersey, on the Wirral,
0:24:30 > 0:24:33they've got exactly the same feelings about Westminster
0:24:33 > 0:24:36as we have - that Westminster is for London.
0:24:36 > 0:24:40You see these politicians now, they come straight out of university,
0:24:40 > 0:24:43they haven't had a job, they haven't worked on a shop floor,
0:24:43 > 0:24:46they haven't worked on the building sites, anything like that.
0:24:46 > 0:24:49They step into, like...
0:24:49 > 0:24:51helping a politician,
0:24:51 > 0:24:53and that's their career for the rest of their lives,
0:24:53 > 0:24:56and then eventually they get picked to stand as MP somewhere.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59What knowledge have they got of the working class
0:24:59 > 0:25:00and everything like that?
0:25:02 > 0:25:04People were told time and again of the risks.
0:25:06 > 0:25:09There were even direct messages from big employers
0:25:09 > 0:25:12in this part of the world, like Nissan and Hitachi.
0:25:15 > 0:25:17But they just were not getting through.
0:25:19 > 0:25:22I met people on the street who did depend on trade with Europe,
0:25:22 > 0:25:24and you would explain it to them,
0:25:24 > 0:25:27and they just said, "No, we'll be all right."
0:25:30 > 0:25:32It was... They became the experts.
0:25:32 > 0:25:36With the financial crisis in '07/'08,
0:25:36 > 0:25:38the effect that that had
0:25:38 > 0:25:41was to actually undermine the standing of the banks
0:25:41 > 0:25:44and big multinational companies and what have you,
0:25:44 > 0:25:47so whereas prior to the financial crisis,
0:25:47 > 0:25:49people would often look up to business leaders
0:25:49 > 0:25:51who ran those organisations,
0:25:51 > 0:25:54afterwards, I think most voters looked to them and felt,
0:25:54 > 0:25:57"Well, you're just really in it for yourselves.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59"When you say it's good for the British economy,
0:25:59 > 0:26:02"are you saying it's good for the British economy and good for me,
0:26:02 > 0:26:03"or really just good for your company?"
0:26:03 > 0:26:06We've had everything thrown at us - all the threats from, you know,
0:26:06 > 0:26:07big international banks,
0:26:07 > 0:26:10the political leadership of all parties down here.
0:26:10 > 0:26:12And I was really proud of the fact that, you know,
0:26:12 > 0:26:14the good people of East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire
0:26:14 > 0:26:17looked at all this and thought, "No, we're not having that.
0:26:17 > 0:26:20We're going to go with our hearts and with our guts."
0:26:20 > 0:26:22APPLAUSE
0:26:24 > 0:26:28I think the people in this country have had enough of experts with...
0:26:28 > 0:26:30- They've had enough of experts? - ..from acronyms, saying...
0:26:30 > 0:26:34The people of this country have had enough of experts?! What do you mean by that?
0:26:34 > 0:26:37..from organisations with acronyms saying they know what is best,
0:26:37 > 0:26:39and getting it consistently wrong, because unelected,
0:26:39 > 0:26:40unaccountable elites...
0:26:40 > 0:26:44I'm afraid it's time to say, "You're fired."
0:26:44 > 0:26:46CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:26:47 > 0:26:51With tried and tested messages failing to get through,
0:26:51 > 0:26:54the Remain camp wanted bold direction
0:26:54 > 0:26:56from one man -
0:26:56 > 0:26:57the Labour leader.
0:26:57 > 0:27:01On the 23rd, there is a crucial choice that people have to make.
0:27:02 > 0:27:07Labour had decided to run its own campaign, Labour In For Britain.
0:27:07 > 0:27:12The idea was, it would work closely with the Stronger In group.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14But it was very much harder
0:27:14 > 0:27:16to work with Jeremy Corbyn.
0:27:16 > 0:27:20It took me six months to get a meeting with one of his advisors.
0:27:20 > 0:27:21Six months?
0:27:21 > 0:27:22Six months to get a meeting.
0:27:22 > 0:27:26So, the Labour leadership was not working with you, despite being...
0:27:26 > 0:27:29No, they didn't want to work with us,
0:27:29 > 0:27:32despite the fact that I'd been a candidate for the Labour Party
0:27:32 > 0:27:34at the 2015 election.
0:27:34 > 0:27:37What does that tell you, or what did you conclude
0:27:37 > 0:27:38about Jeremy Corbyn's attitude, then,
0:27:38 > 0:27:40to the whole question of being in the EU?
0:27:40 > 0:27:42He was lukewarm about it.
0:27:42 > 0:27:46Vote to Remain in order to defend investment, defend jobs,
0:27:46 > 0:27:48defend workers' rights.
0:27:48 > 0:27:51There was a moment caught on camera,
0:27:51 > 0:27:53I think at the launch of the Labour In bus,
0:27:53 > 0:27:55where he was reading notes off a piece of paper
0:27:55 > 0:27:57rather than something that he just felt comfortable...
0:27:57 > 0:28:00You know, as most senior politicians would in that situation,
0:28:00 > 0:28:04just sort of saying what they felt about Europe.
0:28:04 > 0:28:05I'm looking forward to this campaign,
0:28:05 > 0:28:10and I believe it will be successful, and I believe that, er...
0:28:10 > 0:28:14a Labour Government participating in Europe from 2020 onwards
0:28:14 > 0:28:15will protect us against...
0:28:15 > 0:28:18It was very difficult to know
0:28:18 > 0:28:21what Jeremy Corbyn's motives were.
0:28:21 > 0:28:25I mean, did he just sort of get out of bed the wrong side every day,
0:28:25 > 0:28:28and not feel in a very, sort of, friendly, happy mood,
0:28:28 > 0:28:31and want to help us, or was there something deeper?
0:28:31 > 0:28:35Did he simply not want to find himself on the same side
0:28:35 > 0:28:39as, you know...the Prime Minister and the Government?
0:28:39 > 0:28:41Erm...
0:28:41 > 0:28:43Or perhaps he just, deep down,
0:28:43 > 0:28:46actually doesn't think we SHOULD remain in the European Union.
0:28:46 > 0:28:47Who knows?
0:28:47 > 0:28:48APPLAUSE
0:28:48 > 0:28:51I think that all leading members of the Labour Party
0:28:51 > 0:28:53were out actively campaigning,
0:28:53 > 0:28:55and Jeremy played his part in that collective effort
0:28:55 > 0:28:57by doing a lot of media appearances,
0:28:57 > 0:29:01by doing a lot of meetings up and down the country.
0:29:01 > 0:29:03He played his part, and we all played our part
0:29:03 > 0:29:05in campaigning for that.
0:29:05 > 0:29:06I think that we are now
0:29:06 > 0:29:09going through a fractious time in the Labour Party, clearly,
0:29:09 > 0:29:12but I don't think that it's appropriate
0:29:12 > 0:29:14for people to try to blame one individual.
0:29:17 > 0:29:21Vote Leave took any and every opportunity to pounce.
0:29:24 > 0:29:27CHEERING
0:29:27 > 0:29:30The minute you left the M25 ring,
0:29:30 > 0:29:36there was a real groundswell of people who wanted to leave,
0:29:36 > 0:29:40which was something the London-centric metropolitan elite
0:29:40 > 0:29:42simply had not recognised.
0:29:42 > 0:29:47People were coming up and it was like revealing an unpleasant secret.
0:29:47 > 0:29:50- SHE WHISPERS:- "I'm voting Leave,"
0:29:50 > 0:29:51and even worse,
0:29:51 > 0:29:54"I'm a Labour Party member and I'm voting Leave."
0:29:54 > 0:30:00And it was that unravelling of the Labour heartlands not feeling
0:30:00 > 0:30:02that the Labour Party was representing them,
0:30:02 > 0:30:04I think was a real problem.
0:30:05 > 0:30:07Why was your bus red?
0:30:07 > 0:30:09Why was everything red?
0:30:09 > 0:30:12We wanted to show that, actually,
0:30:12 > 0:30:14the Labour Party's divided,
0:30:14 > 0:30:15and actually having red
0:30:15 > 0:30:19was another signal that we weren't a Tory campaign.
0:30:19 > 0:30:21We're a cross-party campaign
0:30:21 > 0:30:24including senior politicians from the Labour side of the spectrum.
0:30:24 > 0:30:28So if people had seen your battle bus driving into their town,
0:30:28 > 0:30:30looked at it, seen that it was red and thought,
0:30:30 > 0:30:33"Oh, that's probably something to do with the Labour Party,"
0:30:33 > 0:30:36- that was what you were trying to achieve.- Precisely.
0:30:37 > 0:30:41Vote Leave deliberately set out to hoover up support in Labour areas
0:30:41 > 0:30:46and appealing to those who hadn't cast a ballot for years,
0:30:46 > 0:30:49presenting themselves as the champions of the everyday man
0:30:49 > 0:30:52- against the Establishment. - Good afternoon, everybody.
0:30:52 > 0:30:54It is a stitch-up. It is a stitch-up.
0:30:54 > 0:31:01Indeed, it is the biggest stitch-up since the Bayeux Tapestry.
0:31:01 > 0:31:06I must say, it's slightly ridiculous that a Leave campaign
0:31:06 > 0:31:10fronted by a combination of Tory toffs
0:31:10 > 0:31:15and people with well-heeled backgrounds lecturing everyone else
0:31:15 > 0:31:19about the Establishment and how the elite are riding roughshod over
0:31:19 > 0:31:22the interests of the country.
0:31:22 > 0:31:25Why did they get away with it?
0:31:25 > 0:31:27Partly because of the sheer nerve,
0:31:27 > 0:31:31the sheer chutzpah that they employed in doing so.
0:31:33 > 0:31:37In the Remain camp, there was pressure to try to take them out.
0:31:38 > 0:31:42All the time, we were being held back because the Prime Minister
0:31:42 > 0:31:45just simply didn't want - and I completely understand why -
0:31:45 > 0:31:51to deepen the chasm that had broken out in his own party.
0:31:51 > 0:31:55He thought that at the end of the day, after he'd won the referendum,
0:31:55 > 0:31:57he would have to bring everyone together
0:31:57 > 0:32:01and he didn't want to sort of poison the atmosphere any more.
0:32:01 > 0:32:03So I said to George Osborne,
0:32:03 > 0:32:06"We feel like sometimes we're taking a spoon to a knife fight!"
0:32:09 > 0:32:13Despite divisions and doubts aplenty inside Remain,
0:32:13 > 0:32:16most expectations were that they were ahead.
0:32:16 > 0:32:18Then this...
0:32:19 > 0:32:22Tonight at ten, net migration to the UK
0:32:22 > 0:32:25rises to the second-highest level on record.
0:32:25 > 0:32:28The difference between those coming to live here
0:32:28 > 0:32:31and those leaving reached more than 330,000 last year,
0:32:31 > 0:32:34roughly half of them from other EU countries.
0:32:37 > 0:32:41That figure was more than three times the Government's target.
0:32:41 > 0:32:44David Cameron had promised to slash immigration
0:32:44 > 0:32:47to the tens of thousands.
0:32:52 > 0:32:56Now, Leave offered the country a points-based system
0:32:56 > 0:32:59where all immigrants would be judged on what they can offer,
0:32:59 > 0:33:01not where they're from.
0:33:01 > 0:33:05What we're saying is have a system whereby the UK Government has
0:33:05 > 0:33:09to take responsibility and agree the numbers.
0:33:12 > 0:33:14There was a decisive moment in this campaign.
0:33:14 > 0:33:19It was the morning that Michael Gove and Boris Johnson said,
0:33:19 > 0:33:22"We now want an Australian-style points system
0:33:22 > 0:33:24"and limited immigration controls
0:33:24 > 0:33:26"for who can come into this country,"
0:33:26 > 0:33:31and that was a song that I'd been singing since 2004, on my own,
0:33:31 > 0:33:35nobody else in British politics was daring to talk about such things
0:33:35 > 0:33:37and suddenly two leading figures in politics
0:33:37 > 0:33:39had decided to go on that issue.
0:33:39 > 0:33:41That's when I thought, "We can do this,"
0:33:41 > 0:33:44and that was the day the polls started to change.
0:33:44 > 0:33:47Could I have a show of hands for Out, please?
0:33:47 > 0:33:50The number one priority is immigration.
0:33:50 > 0:33:52We're overrun by people.
0:33:52 > 0:33:55It's about time England took England back.
0:33:55 > 0:33:58You know, they don't call us Great Britain for nothing, do they?
0:33:58 > 0:34:00I'm with Boris.
0:34:00 > 0:34:03- You're with Boris? - Yes, we're with Boris.
0:34:04 > 0:34:08For years, concerns about immigration had been underplayed
0:34:08 > 0:34:10in polite political circles.
0:34:14 > 0:34:16Ukip had been the outsiders.
0:34:18 > 0:34:21But the referendum changed all of that.
0:34:24 > 0:34:26I think main reason is this immigration
0:34:26 > 0:34:28and the immigrants that's coming in.
0:34:28 > 0:34:30I mean, nobody likes to mention that.
0:34:30 > 0:34:34The vote up here was carried on the big immigration issue.
0:34:34 > 0:34:37We want to stop immigration in general in the country.
0:34:37 > 0:34:40I think that's a big feeling.
0:34:40 > 0:34:43We couldn't stop it while we were in the EU,
0:34:43 > 0:34:47so that's why we wanted to get out of it so we can say,
0:34:47 > 0:34:50"Fair enough if you want to come here
0:34:50 > 0:34:51"for you to put something into it -
0:34:51 > 0:34:55"doctors, nurses or whatever, like what Australia does."
0:34:55 > 0:34:58You're not accepted into the country unless it's something they need
0:34:58 > 0:35:01and you don't get any benefits, but here,
0:35:01 > 0:35:03it just seems you can walk in and go,
0:35:03 > 0:35:04"All right, I'm going to come in,"
0:35:04 > 0:35:06and you can claim everything that's on the go."
0:35:06 > 0:35:08So if we remained in Europe,
0:35:08 > 0:35:12if we get more and more countries that don't actually contribute anything
0:35:12 > 0:35:17but labour, manual labour - Romanians, Bulgarians, Poles,
0:35:17 > 0:35:20Slavic countries - who'll work for less than a British lad.
0:35:20 > 0:35:23But only manual labour. They're not bringing in anything skilled.
0:35:23 > 0:35:28I think it's more the fear of them than the actual at this moment.
0:35:28 > 0:35:30When it comes to an issue like immigration
0:35:30 > 0:35:31and people feel threatened by it,
0:35:31 > 0:35:33if they're looking for identity,
0:35:33 > 0:35:35ultimately what it comes down to,
0:35:35 > 0:35:40a lot of people can just find identity in the colour of their skin
0:35:40 > 0:35:43so what therefore happens is that immigration becomes a big issue,
0:35:43 > 0:35:46even though in this area, it isn't an issue.
0:35:46 > 0:35:5098.5% white British in Sedgfield.
0:35:50 > 0:35:53For people telling everybody about the benefits of the single market
0:35:53 > 0:35:55and all the rest of it and how all this unlimited immigration has
0:35:55 > 0:35:58been really good for the country economically,
0:35:58 > 0:36:00well, they're not competing for their jobs,
0:36:00 > 0:36:03they're not living on a council estate in the north of England
0:36:03 > 0:36:08going after a zero hours contract job, or even if it's not zero hours,
0:36:08 > 0:36:10still one that's very low paid.
0:36:11 > 0:36:16The Leave campaign had no hesitation in ramping up the rhetoric.
0:36:17 > 0:36:20The evidence is that the British Government and the European Union
0:36:20 > 0:36:25are actively working towards Turkey joining the European Union
0:36:25 > 0:36:27and Turkish citizens being able to travel throughout the EU.
0:36:27 > 0:36:30You're scaring people to vote to leave the EU
0:36:30 > 0:36:32because I tell you this, you're telling lies.
0:36:32 > 0:36:37Turkey is not set to join the EU. Turkey is not set to join the EU.
0:36:37 > 0:36:40I should have a say in what happens with my country.
0:36:40 > 0:36:42We don't want the Syrians, we don't want the IS in here.
0:36:42 > 0:36:44Go back to London with all your yuppie friends.
0:36:44 > 0:36:46Where are these refugees going to go?
0:36:46 > 0:36:48Where are they going to go?
0:36:48 > 0:36:51The Remain camp was worried.
0:36:51 > 0:36:57The contest was turning into a question of immigration and identity versus prosperity.
0:36:57 > 0:37:00You could talk until the cows came home about
0:37:00 > 0:37:04the fact that for every pound a migrant might get in terms of money,
0:37:04 > 0:37:06they pay £10 out in taxes.
0:37:06 > 0:37:09But there was this feeling there was no control over the country
0:37:09 > 0:37:11and no control over our future
0:37:11 > 0:37:15when people could kind of just come and go in large numbers from the European Union.
0:37:15 > 0:37:18And I'd be saying, "EU referendum - in or out?"
0:37:18 > 0:37:20And they'd go, "I'm out, I'm out.
0:37:20 > 0:37:21"Get these immigrants out."
0:37:21 > 0:37:25And people were shouting, "Get these immigrants out!"
0:37:26 > 0:37:32And I think that was late May, early June, and that's when I thought,
0:37:32 > 0:37:36"Oh, my goodness me, this is really, seriously, dangerously bad."
0:37:38 > 0:37:41One night in early June in Downing Street,
0:37:41 > 0:37:44David Cameron felt the agenda was slipping away.
0:37:46 > 0:37:49The Prime Minister had watched the Ten O'Clock News
0:37:49 > 0:37:51and he had felt that
0:37:51 > 0:37:55the programme had been full of Leave lies
0:37:55 > 0:37:57that hadn't been properly rebutted, so people were saying,
0:37:57 > 0:38:00"There's going to be an EU army and Britain's going to be a member,
0:38:00 > 0:38:05"that Turkey's going to join the EU and millions of people are going to come to this country,"
0:38:05 > 0:38:06and all of those things, we felt,
0:38:06 > 0:38:09they're simply not true as a straightforward matter of fact
0:38:09 > 0:38:13and that the Prime Minister wanted to say, "You are being misled."
0:38:13 > 0:38:18This campaign is based upon lies and it needs to be called out.
0:38:19 > 0:38:23David Cameron called an emergency press conference the very next day.
0:38:26 > 0:38:30A Leave campaign resorting to total untruths to con people
0:38:30 > 0:38:34into taking a leap in the dark. It is irresponsible,
0:38:34 > 0:38:38it is wrong and it's time that the Leave campaign was called out
0:38:38 > 0:38:40on the nonsense that they are peddling.
0:38:40 > 0:38:44Isn't it rather extraordinary that you've called a press conference this morning
0:38:44 > 0:38:49to say that some of your senior colleagues are basically lying to the public?
0:38:49 > 0:38:52You sound like you're pleading with voters this morning
0:38:52 > 0:38:55to listen to you, not some of your own Cabinet colleagues.
0:38:55 > 0:38:57Are you worried you're losing?
0:38:57 > 0:39:00Not at all. What I'm worried about, what I'm concerned about
0:39:00 > 0:39:03is that people are being told things that aren't correct
0:39:03 > 0:39:08and I don't know of any better mechanism than to call a press conference
0:39:08 > 0:39:11and simply make those points.
0:39:13 > 0:39:18He was worried and eager, if not quite desperate,
0:39:18 > 0:39:20to get back onto the economics.
0:39:21 > 0:39:25The mistake we made was that we did fear on the economy -
0:39:25 > 0:39:27keep talking about the economy, which was right,
0:39:27 > 0:39:31but not all the way over it because people got bored
0:39:31 > 0:39:34and tired with that. It was like we kind of made and won that argument,
0:39:34 > 0:39:36so then the vacuum appeared and - bang!
0:39:36 > 0:39:39In they came with their killer card, which was immigration,
0:39:39 > 0:39:41and we refused to engage in it.
0:39:41 > 0:39:42That's the point...
0:39:42 > 0:39:44Forgive me, that's the point,
0:39:44 > 0:39:50that Stronger In/Remain refused to engage on immigration.
0:39:50 > 0:39:54That was a terrible, terrible mistake.
0:39:54 > 0:39:57Would suddenly making a speech about immigration in the final days of
0:39:57 > 0:39:59the campaign essentially change your message,
0:39:59 > 0:40:03have been a sensible strategy or looked like panic
0:40:03 > 0:40:06or looked like you were changing what you'd said all along?
0:40:06 > 0:40:11Part of a campaign is deciding on your message and sticking to it.
0:40:11 > 0:40:15But with it slipping, the decks were cleared for a strong
0:40:15 > 0:40:19and direct Labour version of the message.
0:40:19 > 0:40:25MUSIC: Lap dance by N.E.R.D
0:40:33 > 0:40:35Showtime! Let's go.
0:40:37 > 0:40:41I'm not a, erm, huge fan of the European Union.
0:40:41 > 0:40:45What I believe is this is a practical decision that we take
0:40:45 > 0:40:47in order to try to get better conditions across
0:40:47 > 0:40:49the whole continent for everybody.
0:40:49 > 0:40:51On a scale of one to ten,
0:40:51 > 0:40:54where one is, "Couldn't really care less about the EU,"
0:40:54 > 0:40:57and ten is, "I'm jumping on the couch like Tom Cruise on Oprah",
0:40:57 > 0:41:00how passionate are you about staying in the EU?
0:41:00 > 0:41:04Oh, I'd put myself in the upper half of the five to ten so we're looking
0:41:04 > 0:41:07- at seven, seven and a half. - Ooh!- Maybe seven.
0:41:07 > 0:41:12Oh, we were greatly damaged by Jeremy Corbyn's stance,
0:41:12 > 0:41:14no doubt at all about that.
0:41:14 > 0:41:20I mean, not only was he most of the time absent from the battle,
0:41:20 > 0:41:24but he was holding back the efforts of Alan Johnson
0:41:24 > 0:41:26and the Labour In Campaign.
0:41:26 > 0:41:28I mean, they felt undermined.
0:41:28 > 0:41:32At times, they felt actually their efforts were being sabotaged by
0:41:32 > 0:41:35Jeremy Corbyn and the people around him.
0:41:35 > 0:41:38The thing about Jeremy is that he is authentic.
0:41:38 > 0:41:40He's an honest guy,
0:41:40 > 0:41:45and in giving the EU seven or seven and a half out of ten,
0:41:45 > 0:41:48he was speaking on behalf of an awful lot of people.
0:41:48 > 0:41:51I've met very few people who would give the EU 100%,
0:41:51 > 0:41:53and I think that that authenticity,
0:41:53 > 0:41:57that real voice was an important one.
0:41:57 > 0:42:01With just two weeks to go, Jeremy Corbyn did increase the visibility,
0:42:01 > 0:42:04the intensity of the Labour campaign.
0:42:04 > 0:42:07There was some good moments in the campaign.
0:42:07 > 0:42:11I thought that the day that all of the Shadow Cabinet came together
0:42:11 > 0:42:16was a really good image and was a good message as well, but by then,
0:42:16 > 0:42:19with just a couple of weeks to go,
0:42:19 > 0:42:22there were far too many people who didn't know Labour's position on
0:42:22 > 0:42:25the referendum and I think that was because of a
0:42:25 > 0:42:28lack of concerted campaigning by the leadership
0:42:28 > 0:42:30over many months leading up to that point.
0:42:30 > 0:42:33So, their leader let you down, really?
0:42:33 > 0:42:35I felt, er...let down, yes.
0:42:42 > 0:42:45- RADIO:- It's eight o'clock on Wednesday the 15th of June.
0:42:45 > 0:42:47The headlines - the Chancellor says if Britain left the EU,
0:42:47 > 0:42:50there would have to be an emergency Budget with tax rises
0:42:50 > 0:42:52and spending cuts.
0:42:54 > 0:42:58The job of the Chancellor is to restore stability to
0:42:58 > 0:43:00the public finances if we quit the EU
0:43:00 > 0:43:04and that would mean there would have to be an emergency Budget.
0:43:04 > 0:43:06And the moment where I really thought
0:43:06 > 0:43:11things were going pear-shaped was when I woke up and I heard this,
0:43:11 > 0:43:14to my mind, ludicrous announcement from George Osborne
0:43:14 > 0:43:17to sort of threaten the country with a punishment Budget
0:43:17 > 0:43:20if they had the temerity to disagree with him.
0:43:20 > 0:43:25Now, you can do it by raising taxes, you can do it by cutting spending.
0:43:25 > 0:43:27Almost certainly, you'd have to do both.
0:43:27 > 0:43:30I intuitively knew as a campaigning politician,
0:43:30 > 0:43:33having spoken to thousands of my own constituents,
0:43:33 > 0:43:37that simply brandishing ever more threatening statistics
0:43:37 > 0:43:41at a browbeaten public was going to lose the emotional case
0:43:41 > 0:43:42and, at the end of the day,
0:43:42 > 0:43:45most elections most of the time are won by the heart,
0:43:45 > 0:43:49not the head and I got in touch with David Cameron on that day and said,
0:43:49 > 0:43:52"Look, this is not going to go right.
0:43:52 > 0:43:58"You're conceding the emotional argument to the Brexit camp."
0:43:58 > 0:44:00Did they reply to you when you raised that concern with them?
0:44:00 > 0:44:02- Yeah, yeah.- What did they say?
0:44:03 > 0:44:07He... As he's perfectly entitled, he said, "Yes, well, thanks,
0:44:07 > 0:44:10"but I think we're going to carry on with our
0:44:10 > 0:44:12"central refrain of don't risk it."
0:44:14 > 0:44:17Nick Clegg was not the only one to flag concern.
0:44:19 > 0:44:23Several Cabinet ministers told me they thought the campaign was too negative,
0:44:23 > 0:44:27and at a wider meeting of Remain cabinet ministers,
0:44:27 > 0:44:29others aired their doubts.
0:44:31 > 0:44:32One of my colleagues had said that
0:44:32 > 0:44:35they were very worried that it was all Project Fear
0:44:35 > 0:44:38and there should be more positivity, and that was dismissed
0:44:38 > 0:44:39and I said, on two occasions,
0:44:39 > 0:44:42"I'm really worried about the Labour vote."
0:44:42 > 0:44:45And it was, "Yeah, whatever." It wasn't taken seriously.
0:44:45 > 0:44:48"THE GREAT ESCAPE" THEME MUSIC PLAYS
0:44:49 > 0:44:52With only a week to go, Nigel Farage
0:44:52 > 0:44:56was unashamedly making more warnings on immigration.
0:44:58 > 0:45:01I thought that Nigel Farage's poster was disgusting.
0:45:01 > 0:45:05We have a responsibility as politicians not to play the race card
0:45:05 > 0:45:10and Nigel Farage is irresponsible and was attempting to divide people up even more
0:45:10 > 0:45:15and trying to get the debate about Europe to be just about immigration
0:45:15 > 0:45:18and about fear, and it should not have been about that.
0:45:18 > 0:45:20I think that poster was unforgivable.
0:45:22 > 0:45:25Are you proud of standing in front of a poster
0:45:25 > 0:45:28that featured a picture of thousands of refugees
0:45:28 > 0:45:31that had "breaking point" written on it?
0:45:31 > 0:45:33Why did you show it on the BBC news last year?
0:45:33 > 0:45:36Why did every national newspaper put it on their front pages?
0:45:36 > 0:45:38The EU has failed us all is what that poster said
0:45:38 > 0:45:41and I do think that what Mrs Merkel did last year
0:45:41 > 0:45:44frankly was catastrophic for the European Union.
0:45:44 > 0:45:48Many people on your side of the argument felt that that poster just went too far,
0:45:48 > 0:45:52felt that it either was racist or bordered on racism,
0:45:52 > 0:45:54and at the very least,
0:45:54 > 0:46:00it was an extremely provocative way to use images of refugees
0:46:00 > 0:46:02to tie that to the issue of European immigration,
0:46:02 > 0:46:04of people who've come to make their lives in the UK.
0:46:04 > 0:46:07Well, you say refugees. Do you mean economic migrants as well?
0:46:07 > 0:46:09It's quite important that we have this debate.
0:46:09 > 0:46:12There are people out there who since 2004,
0:46:12 > 0:46:15when I first started talking about the immigration issue,
0:46:15 > 0:46:19have tried to shout me down, have tried to close me down,
0:46:19 > 0:46:21have tried to say,
0:46:21 > 0:46:26"This is outside the bounds of reasonable discourse,"
0:46:26 > 0:46:30but ultimately this referendum was won by people saying,
0:46:30 > 0:46:33"We have got to get back control of our borders and a saner,
0:46:33 > 0:46:37"better immigration system into Britain."
0:46:40 > 0:46:44On the same day, the campaign clock was suddenly stopped.
0:46:44 > 0:46:48A terrible act of violence that no-one could've foreseen.
0:46:48 > 0:46:51Just before one o'clock today,
0:46:51 > 0:46:53Jo Cox, MP for Batley and Spenborough,
0:46:53 > 0:46:56was attacked in Market Street, Birstall.
0:46:56 > 0:46:59It was just a devastating afternoon.
0:47:01 > 0:47:03We got the news,
0:47:03 > 0:47:05and then as the afternoon went on,
0:47:05 > 0:47:08it became clear that she wasn't going to survive.
0:47:08 > 0:47:11I'm now very sad to have to report that she has died
0:47:11 > 0:47:14as a result of her injuries.
0:47:15 > 0:47:19We made a very quick decision to suspend the campaign,
0:47:19 > 0:47:22and it just put everything into perspective, as well.
0:47:24 > 0:47:28Made you realise how trivial everything in politics can seem
0:47:28 > 0:47:30when a moment like that, um, that happens.
0:47:46 > 0:47:48Thank you very much!
0:47:50 > 0:47:55When campaigning resumed, there were only four days to go.
0:47:55 > 0:47:59Winston Churchill decided in May 1940 to fight on against Hitler,
0:47:59 > 0:48:02he didn't quit on Europe, he didn't quit on European democracy,
0:48:02 > 0:48:03he didn't quit on European freedom.
0:48:03 > 0:48:06We want to fight for those things today.
0:48:07 > 0:48:11They say we have no choice but to bow down to Brussels.
0:48:11 > 0:48:15We say they are woefully underestimating this country
0:48:15 > 0:48:17and what it can do.
0:48:17 > 0:48:19CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:48:20 > 0:48:23You're being asked to make a decision that's irreversible,
0:48:23 > 0:48:25we can't change it, if we wake up on Friday, we don't like it,
0:48:25 > 0:48:28we're being sold it on a lie, because they lied about the cost of Europe,
0:48:28 > 0:48:32they lied about Turkey's entrance to Europe, and it's not good enough.
0:48:32 > 0:48:34You deserve the truth.
0:48:34 > 0:48:36You deserve the truth!
0:48:36 > 0:48:39Jobs here are dependent on us being in Europe.
0:48:39 > 0:48:41Have we got the message?
0:48:42 > 0:48:44It's not over yet.
0:48:44 > 0:48:46We've got 24 hours to sort this thing out.
0:48:50 > 0:48:55Right until the end, most pundits expected the status quo would win.
0:49:01 > 0:49:05But the Out campaign had the energy, and the enthusiasm on their side.
0:49:05 > 0:49:07Thank you very much. Thank you.
0:49:07 > 0:49:11Winning was in their grasp, getting new voters out,
0:49:11 > 0:49:13their not-so-secret weapon.
0:49:13 > 0:49:17There was a huge motivation of people who wouldn't normally vote
0:49:17 > 0:49:19to get out there and vote.
0:49:19 > 0:49:20I was having people coming up to me
0:49:20 > 0:49:21who had never voted before,
0:49:21 > 0:49:23asking how you actually vote,
0:49:23 > 0:49:25what is a ballot, what do you do?
0:49:30 > 0:49:33As the polls closed on referendum night,
0:49:33 > 0:49:36the bookies still favoured Remain.
0:49:36 > 0:49:39I got 11th hour nerves, and I thought at ten o'clock,
0:49:39 > 0:49:42"Oh, you know, they registered two million voters."
0:49:42 > 0:49:45I didn't know, I mean, I was prepared for anything.
0:49:46 > 0:49:52I had felt the day before the referendum that we probably were
0:49:52 > 0:49:54going to do it and then on the day itself,
0:49:54 > 0:49:56I thought we probably weren't going to do it!
0:49:59 > 0:50:01I know people in Number Ten
0:50:01 > 0:50:04and different polling agencies and what have you
0:50:04 > 0:50:06and you have lots of banter on text
0:50:06 > 0:50:09about what's going on and teasing and that sort of thing.
0:50:09 > 0:50:12So certainly I know the feeling that night in Number Ten
0:50:12 > 0:50:15was that they'd won and they'd won big.
0:50:15 > 0:50:17And then of course during the night,
0:50:17 > 0:50:19as the results started coming through,
0:50:19 > 0:50:21and I started replying to some of these texts,
0:50:21 > 0:50:24there was sort of radio silence there, shall we say?
0:50:26 > 0:50:30The results were coming in above what we required for 50-50,
0:50:30 > 0:50:34and it was kind of the map of the north-east and the north-west
0:50:34 > 0:50:37which made me think,
0:50:37 > 0:50:39"We know London's going to go a different way,
0:50:39 > 0:50:43"but it won't be enough to counterbalance this."
0:50:48 > 0:50:52We knew we would then need some big scores in places like London
0:50:52 > 0:50:54and Scotland, and of course those came as well,
0:50:54 > 0:50:58so it wasn't until results like Sheffield and Birmingham came in a
0:50:58 > 0:51:03little bit later in the night, places that we thought we might win,
0:51:03 > 0:51:07when they went against us, I knew we were in real trouble.
0:51:09 > 0:51:16Well, at 4:40 we can now say the decision taken in 1975 by this country
0:51:16 > 0:51:23to join the Common Market has been reversed by this referendum to leave the EU.
0:51:28 > 0:51:33Nigel Farage arriving at the headquarters of his part of the Leave campaign.
0:51:35 > 0:51:36Dare to dream!
0:51:38 > 0:51:43The dawn is breaking on an independent United Kingdom.
0:51:43 > 0:51:45CHEERING
0:51:45 > 0:51:51Let June the 23rd go down in our history as our Independence Day!
0:51:56 > 0:51:58I did feel emotional about it.
0:51:58 > 0:52:03I felt this was an extraordinary, historic moment and I thought about,
0:52:03 > 0:52:08you know, all the ups and downs over maybe 25 years
0:52:08 > 0:52:11of taking on this battle, and I thought,
0:52:11 > 0:52:14"It's all been worth it." And I still do.
0:52:21 > 0:52:22Didn't think it was going to be Out.
0:52:22 > 0:52:24It was just sort of a protest vote,
0:52:24 > 0:52:26that they'll see it as a lot of people unhappy,
0:52:26 > 0:52:31things will have to change, and I think the shock was how big it was a vote.
0:52:31 > 0:52:34I think it was our way of turning round and telling our MP,
0:52:34 > 0:52:39all them MPs, "Hey, listen to us and listen to what we're saying."
0:52:39 > 0:52:43Now that we've had our vote and we've done this,
0:52:43 > 0:52:45no matter our feelings hurt,
0:52:45 > 0:52:48they've got to start coming and listening to us, man.
0:52:48 > 0:52:50I think they got a big shock.
0:52:50 > 0:52:52They did, exactly. Now we'll see what will happen,
0:52:52 > 0:52:54whether there's going to be major change
0:52:54 > 0:52:56or will it just go with the flow with the lying,
0:52:56 > 0:52:59cheating politicians, and forget about the working class.
0:52:59 > 0:53:01When you vote yes or no, every vote counts.
0:53:01 > 0:53:03Cos it's one vote.
0:53:03 > 0:53:05That's my opinion. So, I think it's...
0:53:05 > 0:53:09A yes or no vote is much easier and much more democratic.
0:53:13 > 0:53:18The image of Sam Adamson celebrating in Sunderland captured the night.
0:53:19 > 0:53:22For her, the message was totally clear.
0:53:23 > 0:53:27I definitely feel about the working class people got their voice heard
0:53:27 > 0:53:31in the fact that it shook our then Prime Minister, David Cameron,
0:53:31 > 0:53:32it shook the Labour Party
0:53:32 > 0:53:35and everybody else who just believed that it was...
0:53:35 > 0:53:37we were never going to leave,
0:53:37 > 0:53:39we were always going to remain in the EU.
0:53:39 > 0:53:42And I think for the working class people it was like,
0:53:42 > 0:53:45"Yeah, now you've heard us, now do something about it."
0:53:51 > 0:53:55In Westminster, it felt like everything was changing,
0:53:55 > 0:53:58and no-one was in charge.
0:53:58 > 0:54:03The Prime Minister resigned, and then the hero of the Out campaign,
0:54:03 > 0:54:06Boris Johnson, gave up his chance of moving into Number Ten.
0:54:07 > 0:54:12That is the agenda for the next Prime Minister of this country.
0:54:13 > 0:54:18But I must tell you, my friends, that person cannot be me.
0:54:19 > 0:54:21And so did Michael Gove.
0:54:21 > 0:54:22- REPORTER:- Why have you lost, Mr Gove?
0:54:22 > 0:54:24Why have you come third?
0:54:25 > 0:54:28Good afternoon, lovely to see you all, thank you very much.
0:54:28 > 0:54:31Thank you very much. Can I get into the meeting, please?
0:54:31 > 0:54:34And a huge Labour rebellion against Jeremy Corbyn
0:54:34 > 0:54:37plunged it into a new leadership race.
0:54:37 > 0:54:39Thank you so much. Really nice of you.
0:54:39 > 0:54:42Just 21 days after the vote,
0:54:42 > 0:54:45a new Prime Minister was installed with no election.
0:54:45 > 0:54:49In her first speech, Theresa May tried to address many voters
0:54:49 > 0:54:53who'd chosen Out who feel left behind.
0:54:53 > 0:54:55If you're from an ordinary working class family,
0:54:55 > 0:54:59life is much harder than many people in Westminster realise.
0:54:59 > 0:55:01I know you're working around the clock,
0:55:01 > 0:55:07I know you're doing your best, and I know that sometimes, life can be a struggle.
0:55:07 > 0:55:11The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of
0:55:11 > 0:55:15the privileged few, but by yours.
0:55:15 > 0:55:20We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives.
0:55:24 > 0:55:29Carrying on just as before at Westminster doesn't seem an option.
0:55:30 > 0:55:34The referendum exposed the differences among us.
0:55:35 > 0:55:39Three million people who hadn't voted in a number of elections
0:55:39 > 0:55:41going back voted this time
0:55:41 > 0:55:44and the vast majority of them voted to leave.
0:55:44 > 0:55:47Pollsters, people who understand politics,
0:55:47 > 0:55:49say these people won't vote,
0:55:49 > 0:55:51they won't be part of it,
0:55:51 > 0:55:54but they were and they had a huge say in the final result.
0:55:56 > 0:56:00Given how alienated and left behind these people feel already,
0:56:00 > 0:56:02if we don't come up with some answers to
0:56:02 > 0:56:05the challenge that they have laid down for us,
0:56:05 > 0:56:07what kind of country will we become?
0:56:09 > 0:56:12I'm a democrat, the result was clear,
0:56:12 > 0:56:16but we mustn't shirk from the uncomfortable truth
0:56:16 > 0:56:19that this was a democratic decision
0:56:19 > 0:56:23taken in which older voters basically overwhelmed
0:56:23 > 0:56:26the stated preferences of what young people in this country want.
0:56:29 > 0:56:31The sniffy and patronising way in which
0:56:31 > 0:56:34the liberal middle-class elite in London has just looked at the votes
0:56:34 > 0:56:36of people in my patch and said,
0:56:36 > 0:56:39"These people are either too stupid too Northern, too working-class,
0:56:39 > 0:56:43"too poor, too old, and they didn't really know what they were voting for,"
0:56:43 > 0:56:45I think it's just deeply offensive.
0:56:47 > 0:56:51It requires politicians with a bit of historic perspective and
0:56:51 > 0:56:56understanding of the dynamics on how we got to this point,
0:56:56 > 0:56:58and quite frankly, right now,
0:56:58 > 0:57:00I don't really see many of them around.
0:57:03 > 0:57:06The result wasn't solely about Europe,
0:57:06 > 0:57:09it was about ways in which the world had changed,
0:57:09 > 0:57:12the people who'd been left behind,
0:57:12 > 0:57:15and a ferocious dislike of the Establishment,
0:57:15 > 0:57:18and the political class in particular.
0:57:23 > 0:57:26The referendum was not just a political soap opera
0:57:26 > 0:57:28full of anxiety and ambition.
0:57:28 > 0:57:32Our choice will change our place in the world,
0:57:32 > 0:57:34our politics and our economics.
0:57:34 > 0:57:36In a way, it was an orderly revolution.
0:57:36 > 0:57:41It certainly was two fingers up to this place from voters around the country,
0:57:41 > 0:57:44some of whom felt they had just been ignored, and for too long.
0:57:44 > 0:57:46But it was more than that -
0:57:46 > 0:57:50it was a coup by a small band of dedicated campaigners
0:57:50 > 0:57:53who were willing to take advantage of a Prime Minister
0:57:53 > 0:57:56fresh from a victory, who thought he could win again,
0:57:56 > 0:58:00a Labour Party in disarray, and who together outfoxed
0:58:00 > 0:58:03and outfought the political establishment.
0:58:03 > 0:58:07I've never known a story like it, and this is just the start.