:00:08. > :00:15.I am We're here in Lancashire, enjoying the very best of the UK
:00:16. > :00:19.spectacles. But it's Hallowe'en, so we have a few spooky creatures for
:00:20. > :00:24.you tonight. We will also be catching up with some other nightime
:00:25. > :00:29.prowlers, our urban fox family. We have sent Martin out to explore mud,
:00:30. > :00:38.mud, glorious mud, in Morecombe Bay. It is a really rough night, that
:00:39. > :00:40.won't stop our wildlife or us it is wold wild, it's windy, it's
:00:41. > :01:03.Autumnwatch. Yes, hello and welcome to
:01:04. > :01:09.Autumnwatch 2013. Coming to you from here, the RSPB's Leyton moss reserve
:01:10. > :01:13.in the North West. I will try to perch on this wall at the
:01:14. > :01:18.appropriate altitude to be on the same level as Michaela. It is a
:01:19. > :01:22.fabulous place. Lots of Sweden bed, square kilometer of that with all
:01:23. > :01:26.the specialist species there. Open water too and on the edge of
:01:27. > :01:31.Morecombe Bay. The best thing about it is... The cafe. Earlier in the
:01:32. > :01:37.week I mentioned the orange drizzle cake, and I went in there today and
:01:38. > :01:44.tried the lemon drizzle cake and the carrot cake too, and they were both
:01:45. > :01:52.sensational. How about an impromptu cake watch, # cakewatch, let us know
:01:53. > :01:55.the best nature reserve cafe cake. It is not just about cake, it is
:01:56. > :02:02.about all the birds that live here too, every night we are treated to a
:02:03. > :02:09.remarkable spectacle. We think 30,000 starlings are murmerating
:02:10. > :02:16.here. I love the pattern in the sky. They settle down in the reads for --
:02:17. > :02:22.reeds in the morning, at 7.00 they take off again in the morning. I
:02:23. > :02:26.tell you why, as you Autumnwatch Extra starts then, you can watch it
:02:27. > :02:30.by going to the website and watching it on-line. Our cameraman will be
:02:31. > :02:36.there showing you those starlings leaving the roost. It can be equally
:02:37. > :02:44.spectacular, Euan is reporting on the action and the rest of the team.
:02:45. > :02:48.It is on from 7.00am-8.00pm. It is Hallowe'en tonight, let me
:02:49. > :02:51.tell you something rather spooky happened to us just before the show.
:02:52. > :02:54.And really it did. You know we missed out on the storm up here in
:02:55. > :02:58.the North West of England. The storm that hit much of the southern parts
:02:59. > :03:10.of the country earlier on in the week. Instead we got this... .
:03:11. > :03:14.Listen to the wind, it was really freaky because it came from nowhere
:03:15. > :03:21.and it only lasted minutes. But it did cause some damage and knocked
:03:22. > :03:27.quite a bit of our technical equipment over. Especially on the
:03:28. > :03:30.mash flats in Morecombe Bay. There are more of those freaky squalls
:03:31. > :03:34.forecast. Who knows what will happen, it is a live show, it is
:03:35. > :03:40.very calm at the moment, if the squalls hit us it could go pear
:03:41. > :03:47.shaped. It could be apocks lips now. I hope -- Apocalypse Now, I hope
:03:48. > :03:51.Martin is all right. Yes, well it is wild here, wind is building up and
:03:52. > :03:54.getting more and more. Actually we got hit really hard, it knocked all
:03:55. > :03:57.our equipment over, for a while we thought we weren't going to be able
:03:58. > :04:01.to go on air. We have another problem, have a look at this, the
:04:02. > :04:05.tide here is creeping in all the time. And Morecombe Bay legendary
:04:06. > :04:11.tides, we have to be really careful about that. But if I look behind me
:04:12. > :04:16.here, I'm about 2kms way from the studio right over there. If I look
:04:17. > :04:25.behind me I'm looking out over the whole sweep, the gigantic sweep of
:04:26. > :04:29.Morecombe Bay. That is 340 million square metres of mud. That mud is
:04:30. > :04:34.absolutely the most attractive thing to migratory waders. Let's have a
:04:35. > :04:40.daytime look at what's behind me. Here is the bay itself. And it's a
:04:41. > :04:47.perfect place, bring your binoculars down. Herons, here are the little
:04:48. > :04:51.dunlin, redshank here as well. All these birds coming into that mud.
:04:52. > :05:01.They love the mud. Look at that golden head on the Widgen. Here is
:05:02. > :05:05.the Lapwing, my dad's favourite bird. Then the lovely Curlu, the
:05:06. > :05:13.evocative sound, sweeping across there. I can hear Curlu crawling
:05:14. > :05:16.across the mud flats, just above the winds, which is getting more and
:05:17. > :05:20.more and the tide is scriping in. OK that is what is -- creeping in. OK
:05:21. > :05:23.that is what is happening during the day, what is happening out there
:05:24. > :05:27.during the night. We can have a look with our live thermal camera, let's
:05:28. > :05:33.have a look at that. We are just looking out across now. There are a
:05:34. > :05:37.few very little there, I thought the tide would be driving the birds in,
:05:38. > :05:41.because that's what's happening. Lindsay is going out to have a look
:05:42. > :05:46.there. You can see them, little, there they are, all running around.
:05:47. > :05:50.You can see. That's fascinating. Let's have a look at what Lindsay
:05:51. > :05:56.was able to film a little earlier last night. Let's have a look. Now
:05:57. > :06:01.what are they doing? They are feeding. You can see all these
:06:02. > :06:06.waders are feeding. Their lives aren't driven like ours by light, it
:06:07. > :06:10.is all about the tides. When the tide is in they can't feed on the
:06:11. > :06:13.mud. When the tide is out, even if it is in the middle of the night,
:06:14. > :06:22.then that is when they will be feeding. So, their lives are driven
:06:23. > :06:26.also by the tide, mainly. But, the thing that draws them all here is a
:06:27. > :06:31.quarter of a million waders arriving here in autumn. And it is underneath
:06:32. > :06:38.my feet. It is this stuff. This is what they come for. They want mud
:06:39. > :06:45.and sand. And I'm going to be delving into the mud in more depth
:06:46. > :06:48.in just a moment. Well I don't know, what do you
:06:49. > :06:53.think? I think we ought to look at these. Look, these are our pumpkins
:06:54. > :07:00.that we have got, because it is Hallowe'en tonight. You are nice and
:07:01. > :07:06.smiley. And I'm rack wracked with angst. It is amazing to go on the
:07:07. > :07:11.mudfields and you see tens of thousands of wading birds, then you
:07:12. > :07:16.see a predator coming in and they a rise up and it is Anne credible
:07:17. > :07:23.spectacle. Another bird of prey that we see regularly, not so much on the
:07:24. > :07:27.mudflats, it is this one. It is the marsh harrier, they have two males
:07:28. > :07:34.here and six females in the reserve. You can see the size of it. It is
:07:35. > :07:38.slightly smaller than a red kite. About 1.30m, wing-span. This one is
:07:39. > :07:42.hunting. Typically they will hunt for small mammals and birds,
:07:43. > :07:47.opportunistically they will take things like frogs and snakes and
:07:48. > :07:52.maybe even a young rabbit. But you know these marsh harriers are a good
:07:53. > :07:58.news story. Less than 40 years ago there were only four individuals
:07:59. > :08:08.left in the UK. One male and three females in Minsmere. Now there are
:08:09. > :08:12.360 pairs. Incredible, eh. Why are there so many, what happened? When I
:08:13. > :08:16.was a kid I begged my dad to take me to see those birds. I thought they
:08:17. > :08:22.were going to become extinct and I wanted them on my British list and
:08:23. > :08:27.he throve me up there that was in 1975, they have increased for a
:08:28. > :08:33.couple of reasons. Firstly, no more persecution, secondly, no pollution,
:08:34. > :08:37.and the third reason is the RSPB have done a great job of recreating
:08:38. > :08:45.reed beds which is the habitat they like. They have gone from the brink
:08:46. > :08:49.of ex-ticks back to 360. While that Harrier is prospering, another
:08:50. > :08:54.species is definitely not. The hen harrier, for the first time in a
:08:55. > :09:04.very long time, these birds failed to breed successfully in England
:09:05. > :09:09.this yearssfully in England this year. The problem is persecution.
:09:10. > :09:12.This is a female, there is the male, quartering backwards and forwards
:09:13. > :09:15.against the moorland in this instance. They are a bit like owl,
:09:16. > :09:20.they have large ears and they spend a lot of time listening for their
:09:21. > :09:23.prey amongst the reeds or the heather. How do you tell the two
:09:24. > :09:58.apart? Take a look test at this. They will mix in the winter time,
:09:59. > :10:02.because the hen harriers move off their moorland and will come down to
:10:03. > :10:06.the coastland and sites like this too. The RSPB have launched their
:10:07. > :10:11.hen harrier hot-line. They would like to hear about any sightings of
:10:12. > :10:16.hen harriers that you have. If you think you have seen one, and now you
:10:17. > :10:22.can tell them apart, do get on to our website. That will link through
:10:23. > :10:26.to the RSPB's hen harrier hot-line, we need to find out where the birds
:10:27. > :10:35.are because we need to look after them. As we have been saying, it is
:10:36. > :10:39.Hallowe'en, hence our angst-ridden and happy pumpkin faces. If you are
:10:40. > :10:44.at home with your kids hyperactive because they have eaten far too many
:10:45. > :10:50.sweets. If you want to send them to bed with images of blood-sucking
:10:51. > :10:53.creature, creatures with revolting eating habits, or creatures that
:10:54. > :11:04.creep and crawl in the dark undergrowth. ? You need to get them
:11:05. > :11:09.to watch this. Deep beneath the dead autumn leaves is a place shrouded in
:11:10. > :11:22.shadow, a minature Hallowe'en world. Full of creatures that creep and
:11:23. > :11:31.crawl. A harvestman hunts for food, unaware that he's being eaten alive.
:11:32. > :11:36.Two red ghouls are hitching a ride. These bloodsucking larvae will drink
:11:37. > :11:42.their fill before falling off and transforming into velvet soil mites.
:11:43. > :11:49.It is not just bloodsucking ghouls that live here. There are skeletons
:11:50. > :11:57.too. Down in the mulch, leaf carcasses are striped down to the
:11:58. > :12:01.veeps by minute spring tails. Each cub metre of undergrowth is seething
:12:02. > :12:10.with 100,000 of these transparent creepy crawlies. A shimmering ghost
:12:11. > :12:16.glides into view. So transparent its heart beats clearly through its
:12:17. > :12:26.shell. No surprise it is known as a glass snail. As it slips by, it
:12:27. > :12:33.gives off a whiff of Garelic. Of garlic, hoping to attract the
:12:34. > :12:37.minature vampires that stalk the world. And that is a predatory
:12:38. > :12:53.long-nose beatle. It emerges after night fall and instills terror into
:12:54. > :12:59.the heart of its victims. It skewers the snail's flesh and carries it off
:13:00. > :13:04.into the shadows. Long-nosed beatles will suck the life bloods of the
:13:05. > :13:12.snails. But first they must turn its flesh to mush. Special enzymes begin
:13:13. > :13:17.to liquify the nail's tissues. Having failed with garlic, the snail
:13:18. > :13:31.tries a second line of defence, it blows muck cuss -- mucus bubble, to
:13:32. > :13:39.no avail, there will be no escape. The weird and wonderful have made
:13:40. > :13:46.the leaf litter their home. Wood lice are the terrestrial cousins of
:13:47. > :13:51.prawns and crabs. Despite living on land, they haven't escaped their
:13:52. > :13:59.aquatic ancestry, and still need damp conditions to thrive. It's not
:14:00. > :14:06.all death and decay in this decomposing world. New lives are
:14:07. > :14:14.also being spawned. Deep in the mulch lies a clutch of slug eggs.
:14:15. > :14:25.They were laid in spring and are now beginning to hatch. As soon as the
:14:26. > :14:31.youngsters emerge, they must fend for themselves. Hidden away in the
:14:32. > :14:35.shadowy world of leaves, these tiny creatures will feed, and by next
:14:36. > :14:46.spring they will be ready to lay eggs of their own. So when you are
:14:47. > :14:59.out and about this Hallowe'en night, spare a thought for the ghoulish
:15:00. > :15:05.microworld. Beneath your feet. (Scary laughter) It is often the
:15:06. > :15:10.little stuff that's really, really interesting. If not a little bit
:15:11. > :15:15.gruesome and gory. I don't know about that, I don't like the term
:15:16. > :15:20."creepy Crawley", just because it crawls doesn't mean it is creepy.
:15:21. > :15:25.They get a bad reputation, there are too many things with bad reputation.
:15:26. > :15:30.Not just insects but plants too. What about ivy if there was ever a
:15:31. > :15:36.huge amount of misinformation about species it comes from ivy. Here are
:15:37. > :15:42.the flowers, these are incredibly valuable, they are producing a lot
:15:43. > :15:47.of late nectar, used by a whole mix of insecretary, including the red
:15:48. > :15:52.Admiral butterfly. These adult insecretaries require the nectar
:15:53. > :15:56.this time of year. Because over winter as adults they will hibernate
:15:57. > :16:00.and emerge in the spring to get going. Lots of whatsps and flies
:16:01. > :16:04.come to this. When the nectar is finished berries form, and you get
:16:05. > :16:09.lots of birds, wood pigeons stocking up on the berries. In terms of a
:16:10. > :16:13.food resource it is very, very valuable, it is not just about that.
:16:14. > :16:17.When it is growing up a tree or on a wall it is perfect shelter. A good
:16:18. > :16:21.place for bats to roost and birds to make their nest. What about the
:16:22. > :16:26.misinformation. Firstly, ivy doesn't strangle tree, it is not a parasite.
:16:27. > :16:32.It has its own roots. The only problem is in a dead tree and a lot
:16:33. > :16:36.of ivy, it can catch the wind and it might topple over. When it is
:16:37. > :16:40.growing on walls, English Heritage did a study and they looked at ivy
:16:41. > :16:45.on walls because they are concerned about that. It found in winter it
:16:46. > :16:50.kept the warm 15% warmer and in summer 36% cooler. It did no damage
:16:51. > :16:54.to the wall, it protected it from frost, salt and pollution, and it
:16:55. > :16:58.could only do damage if the wall was already damaged and the ivy got into
:16:59. > :17:03.it. No need to drag it off your wall, it is a great resource for
:17:04. > :17:07.wildlife. That was a party political broadcast on behalf of the Ivy
:17:08. > :17:12.Party. I rest my case. From celebrating the vert tos of ivy to
:17:13. > :17:17.celebrating the vert tos of mud. Yes, we are Michaela, slightly
:17:18. > :17:23.spooky being down here. Slightly spooky because we can hear this very
:17:24. > :17:28.whooshing sound, we are not sure whether it is the tide coming in on
:17:29. > :17:32.us or another storm coming in. We know that out there hidden away in
:17:33. > :17:37.all those mud flats there are thousands of birds feeding right
:17:38. > :17:44.now. Let's go on the live camera, the thermal camera and see what we
:17:45. > :17:49.can see? Yes, there it is, it is hard to see them. It looks like a
:17:50. > :17:53.couple of ducks there. They are rolling around as that tide, you can
:17:54. > :17:58.see it coming in behind them. Gosh I wish I could see them a bit more
:17:59. > :18:03.clearly, could they be my glorious, no, they are not pintails. That is
:18:04. > :18:09.beautiful. We know that they are all out there those birds, but how do
:18:10. > :18:13.they know where to feed, where are the best places out there to feed?
:18:14. > :18:17.There are some places that are better than others, have a look at
:18:18. > :18:21.this. It is all speeded up, but you will
:18:22. > :18:25.notice that they generally, all these waders they are probing at the
:18:26. > :18:31.front of the tide. Where it is coming in. As it comes in they got a
:18:32. > :18:35.bit swamped there, but they tend to be feeding near the front of the
:18:36. > :18:40.tide. And there is a very good reason for. That because when the
:18:41. > :18:44.tide goes out, and it all dries out, all the inverityrate they are after
:18:45. > :18:49.go deeper and deeper into the mud and sand, as the tide comes in and
:18:50. > :19:02.they get wet they rise up and all the waders start to probe with their
:19:03. > :19:06.billso deeper and deeper into the mud and sand, as the tide comes in
:19:07. > :19:08.and they get wet they rise up and all the waders start to probe with
:19:09. > :19:11.their bills. Their break, a more sophisticated organ than you might
:19:12. > :19:15.think. Let's have a look? This one is a great big long break, below it
:19:16. > :19:21.a red shag, a much shorter break. That will mean that they can
:19:22. > :19:30.actually delve have different parts of the mud, the godwit is feeding
:19:31. > :19:37.the beak getting right down. Here is a little dunlin, a shorter beak,
:19:38. > :19:43.feeding in the upper layers, here is the curlu, he can go right, right
:19:44. > :19:46.down. But, it is not just a matter of the length of the bill, we are
:19:47. > :19:51.going to become waders. Can you hold on to those. These bills have been
:19:52. > :20:00.prepared for me very carefully by the RSPB by Al, that could be a
:20:01. > :20:04.curlu, or the oystercatcher bill. Let's use that one. Sometimes it
:20:05. > :20:09.looks like they are just probing about like that, they are, they do
:20:10. > :20:13.that. They do that, but sometimes they will just leave the bill in
:20:14. > :20:17.there. And that, the tip of the bill, it is not just rigid like
:20:18. > :20:21.that, it can bend around. I don't know if you can see that, it can
:20:22. > :20:24.flex about like that, so they can feel about underneath the mud for
:20:25. > :20:28.things. It is even more clever than that. Because at the bill tip,
:20:29. > :20:32.sometimes they have a special sensory organ and that can sense
:20:33. > :20:37.movement, so it will just plunge it in there. And it will just leave the
:20:38. > :20:40.bill for a while, it is checking all the while like sonar in the mud
:20:41. > :20:44.there, looking for things. The bird's bill, it is a much more
:20:45. > :20:48.sophisticated and sensitive thing than you might think. I'm just being
:20:49. > :20:55.told we should go to the live camera right now. What have we got there?
:20:56. > :21:07.We have got a fox. What is a fox doing, how opportunistic is that. We
:21:08. > :21:13.have a fox out here. Extraordinary. Michaela and I, wept out earlier to
:21:14. > :21:21.look in more depth at this mud to try to find out what it is that the
:21:22. > :21:29.waders are after. I don't know if you remember on Winterwatch you said
:21:30. > :21:35.a metre of mud had the same calorific value as 14 chocolate
:21:36. > :21:41.bars. If I said it must be true. I have a challenge, prove it. I have
:21:42. > :21:54.membering measured out a cubic -- I have measured out a cubic meter, get
:21:55. > :21:58.digs -- digging, I have to eat my chocolate bars before the tide gets
:21:59. > :22:07.in. And I have to do some bird watching. This mud is so sticky. I
:22:08. > :22:14.tell you what I need a plank to stand on! Oh no. Hold on to me. I
:22:15. > :22:24.have got both hands on it. There you go! I have got a plan. Refreshments?
:22:25. > :22:31.This is to stand so you doesn't sink in the mud so much. Where didn't you
:22:32. > :22:34.get the trays? Didn't I say I brought three scientists from
:22:35. > :22:37.Lancaster University, they are going to help us with the science and
:22:38. > :22:41.analyse the mud you dig up. They are not helping me do the digging? No,
:22:42. > :22:52.I'm not getting stuck again. Keep going. But while Martin works up a
:22:53. > :23:05.sweat, our scientists set about extracting what is there.
:23:06. > :23:15.Sorry! Martin. What we have found so far is in here. That is amazing to
:23:16. > :23:19.see that. That is not looking like even one chocolate bar yet, let
:23:20. > :23:27.alone 14. What are we going to have to do, will we have to get sieving.
:23:28. > :23:32.There is a quicker way, what you can do is take a core and look at the
:23:33. > :23:38.animals in there and then scale up to a metre cubed. Don't tell Martin
:23:39. > :23:47.that, let him carry on, but that sounds like a much better idea.
:23:48. > :23:55.Brain is sometimes better than brawn! It is like a cake. Get some
:23:56. > :24:07.water on that. I Is this a good representation of
:24:08. > :24:17.what you would expect to find in the mud? Yes, you would find the lug
:24:18. > :24:27.worm, mud worm, shrinks, shrimps, most would be in the top 20cms. That
:24:28. > :24:32.would make sense because the birds' bills aren't that deep? Nearly
:24:33. > :24:36.there. You don't have to keep digging, we have taken a small
:24:37. > :24:42.sample and we will scale it up. I'm not sure I like you today! You built
:24:43. > :24:46.up a sweat. Will he be able to find the answer to this conundrum. I
:24:47. > :24:50.think so, we can get a very good estimate. What do you reckon the
:24:51. > :24:55.result was? There wasn't a lot in that mud, surprisingly little. I'm
:24:56. > :25:02.going to go for 0. 4 of a chocolate bar. Not bad, it was actually a
:25:03. > :25:07.fifth. So Martin's guess of 14 chocolate bars was a massive
:25:08. > :25:12.exaggeration. But we did learn a lot from that experiment, we obviously
:25:13. > :25:18.saw the things the birds feed on, the rag worms and cockle, what did
:25:19. > :25:21.those things, the rag worms and the cockles and the shrimps eat. If you
:25:22. > :25:27.take that into the laboratory you can see by looking through the
:25:28. > :25:35.microscope. This is what they eat, they eat nematone, millions in the
:25:36. > :25:39.mud. In turn they eat these, they are called diaton, they are
:25:40. > :25:43.single-celled plants, they are a fifth of a millimeterment you find
:25:44. > :25:48.them in the first millimeter of the mud. But they are really
:25:49. > :25:55.fascinating. If you took a metre square of that top mud, it would
:25:56. > :26:04.absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide of a metre square of
:26:05. > :26:07.tropical rainforest. That is incredible, they are not just found
:26:08. > :26:14.in the mud but the sea all over the world. If you take all of them
:26:15. > :26:18.together they produce 20% of our ox juvenility every -- our oxygen.
:26:19. > :26:24.Every fifth breath you take is all thanks to the diatoms. What I find
:26:25. > :26:29.amazing is we all know about tropical rainforests and the fact
:26:30. > :26:35.they absorb CO 2, I bet very few people know that diatoms absorb it.
:26:36. > :26:42.I'm feeling faint. Because after 20 years of knowing you, y finally got
:26:43. > :26:45.into diatoms, it has taken you 20 years to get you into the small
:26:46. > :26:49.stuff. I better take a rest. They are really interesting. I got really
:26:50. > :26:51.into them? It is not about the big and the glamorous it is all the
:26:52. > :26:55.little stuff and how all that works too. We have to say that whilst
:26:56. > :27:04.there was only 0. 2 of a chocolate bar in that square meeter of mud. 0.
:27:05. > :27:12.5. It was a fifth. 0. 5, a fifth?. That is 0. 2. 0. 2 of a chocolate
:27:13. > :27:17.bar. That doesn't mean it is the same over Morecombe Bay, it is a
:27:18. > :27:21.rich mosaic of different types of mud. Some will be packed full of
:27:22. > :27:24.worms and all sorts of things, that is what the birds are after. If you
:27:25. > :27:27.were watching yesterday, you will know that we were really pleased to
:27:28. > :27:36.have embarked upon a project with the craft of Brighton. Dr Barney
:27:37. > :27:40.Tollhurst and Dr Bernie Scott have been putting radio collars on to
:27:41. > :27:45.urban foxes. We want to find more out about how animals living
:27:46. > :27:52.alongside us. I went down to see how much progress they had made. How did
:27:53. > :28:00.the tagging go? Well, very well, we caught 13 foxes in total. However,
:28:01. > :28:04.they are all males. All the males? 13 males? We have 13 males. Why
:28:05. > :28:08.didn't you catch females, are there less of them out there, they are
:28:09. > :28:13.trap shy? We think and we don't know it may be a combination of both. Can
:28:14. > :28:17.we see the animals you have got. Who are these? These are the inner city
:28:18. > :28:25.foxes, this is where we had loads of males. We started off with silver,
:28:26. > :28:33.7. 8 canning which is a big --kg which -- 7. 8kg, which is a big fox,
:28:34. > :28:39.and we thought he was big until we caught Sam. Then we have another
:28:40. > :28:45.yearling which we called Spritz, he's 5.7kg. His homage is smaller,
:28:46. > :28:52.he's stopped by the busy roads. You can see the roads are limiting where
:28:53. > :28:56.they go. I must say I'm astonished and tremenduously excited by the
:28:57. > :29:00.amount of data you have in just two weeks. You have learned so much
:29:01. > :29:04.about these animals so quickly. But, we are looking at it in two
:29:05. > :29:07.dimension, indoors, on a computer screen. We have got to get out into
:29:08. > :29:11.the field. I need to see this, the shape of these environments to
:29:12. > :29:16.understand the real context of what these animals are doing. Shall we
:29:17. > :29:22.prowl the streets of Brighton. With the tracking data in hand, we head
:29:23. > :29:28.to the home range of the inner city foxes. Are we in Elm scuff grove
:29:29. > :29:35.now. We have turned the corner, this is his patch in there. In the heart
:29:36. > :29:39.of Silver's territory is a derelict villa, that most would consider a
:29:40. > :29:45.waste of space. But data from the tracking collars show all three
:29:46. > :29:50.foxes hide up here during the day. I caught the whiff of fox here. There
:29:51. > :29:54.might even be an animal down there at the moment. So... They have
:29:55. > :30:00.definitely been here. In spring time that would be the perfect place to
:30:01. > :30:05.give birth? Absolutely, it is an area we will be monitoring.
:30:06. > :30:12.After a concerted search, there is no sign of Silver and co. But I can
:30:13. > :30:19.see why this villa is the perfect fox hideout. This derelict building
:30:20. > :30:22.may look a mess to us with all of its graffiti, and the fact it is
:30:23. > :30:26.crumbling down. But this is fox heaven. Because it is an obey
:30:27. > :30:31.wayies, in amongst all of these buildings. And here you can see
:30:32. > :30:35.foxes lining up in the daytime, bringing food to eat it securely,
:30:36. > :30:39.and certainly, fingers crossed, in the spring time, this is a place
:30:40. > :30:44.where they would hopefully breed and raise their cubs. The satellite
:30:45. > :30:48.collars revealed after dark Silver leaves this pocket of urban jungle
:30:49. > :30:54.and heads out on to the streets to feed. So this is effectively his
:30:55. > :30:57.whole range, these are all of the contacts you have received back so
:30:58. > :31:02.far? These are all the places he has been. Let's prowl around and see
:31:03. > :31:06.what his range is made of. At the moment, with the exception of the
:31:07. > :31:12.villa, it looks really, really built up to me. You might think that wide
:31:13. > :31:17.food would be hard to find in the inner city, but there are plenty of
:31:18. > :31:22.alternatives. Especially on bin day. All sorts of stuff in here, there is
:31:23. > :31:26.some plastic container, a little bit of strawberry yoghurt in there, and
:31:27. > :31:34.the delicate tongue of a fox will have that out? Anything there he
:31:35. > :31:39.will pull it out and nick it. More food containers? The snail is there,
:31:40. > :31:45.they take invertebrates, and they are so opportunistic and they will
:31:46. > :31:51.scavange anything. They have discovered that to find food they
:31:52. > :31:55.have to travel further than suburban cousins. That is a risky business,
:31:56. > :32:00.when there are lots of roads criss-crossing their ranges. You can
:32:01. > :32:05.see how much busier it is here. It is considerably busier than 100ms up
:32:06. > :32:09.the road, it is a lot quieter. I would be scared about crossing this
:32:10. > :32:13.road, never mind a fox. But that's it, the boundaries are this road and
:32:14. > :32:17.this one, it is very clear to see why. We have discovered the critical
:32:18. > :32:22.components of the inner city territory. But there is one place
:32:23. > :32:32.that Silver goes to, at the same time every night. We're just in time
:32:33. > :32:36.to find out why. There is two of them, the one in front looks like he
:32:37. > :32:41.has a collar on. It looks like they are looking up at that window. I
:32:42. > :32:52.think they are waiting for food. I love the way he is sat down. Here we
:32:53. > :32:56.are, the window must be opening. Look at that, what a beautiful
:32:57. > :33:01.animal. This time of year they have a fatastically thick coat on for
:33:02. > :33:06.winter. The little guy is waiting for some now. He has got his foot.
:33:07. > :33:11.You can see the size difference can't you? Definitely. We have had
:33:12. > :33:15.great day, by going out into the field we have quite literally found
:33:16. > :33:19.out more. Because this big clump here, which previously we knew was a
:33:20. > :33:25.spot that the foxes were visiting we now know is all down to the people
:33:26. > :33:29.in this flat, throwing out food at 8.30 every night. So there, field
:33:30. > :33:38.observation, state-of-the-art technology, we're learning a lot
:33:39. > :33:40.more about foxes already. What could be better,
:33:41. > :33:44.state-of-the-art technology and field observation. And let's just go
:33:45. > :33:48.back to that map that Dawn had there. Feeding is something which we
:33:49. > :33:52.have immediately learned, that's humans feeding foxes is very
:33:53. > :33:57.important to these animals. Let's just recap. Here is the skanky
:33:58. > :34:01.villa, I expected to find lots of foxes in there. Over here is the
:34:02. > :34:06.feeding area you just saw where the other animals are. There is another
:34:07. > :34:10.ago gags of records from this animal just over here. We haven't explored
:34:11. > :34:15.that yet. I wouldn't mind betting that is another place where people
:34:16. > :34:18.are feeding these foxes. What is interesting about the inner city
:34:19. > :34:23.foxes is although they are bounded by these roads, on occasions they
:34:24. > :34:28.cross those roads. You can see here, where the red lines link out, this
:34:29. > :34:33.animal has dispersed, we think it is doing that to find food. There isn't
:34:34. > :34:35.a great density of food in this I can't remember, outside of those
:34:36. > :34:40.people who are providing it for them. We think they have to nip
:34:41. > :34:45.across there to find a bin or take away. When they do that, that means
:34:46. > :34:50.there is a good chance they will get run over. I tell you in stud eats,
:34:51. > :34:53.60% of foxes in urban areas are killed by cars. That is a very
:34:54. > :34:57.significant mortality. Tomorrow we're going to head north, out of
:34:58. > :35:05.the city and into the suburbs to look at some middle-class foxes and
:35:06. > :35:11.see how they live there. Dr Dawn Scott will be joining us to tell us
:35:12. > :35:15.what else they have learned. We have had a lot of autumn wildlife
:35:16. > :35:20.activity here. We have captured a lot of it on our hidden cameras
:35:21. > :35:25.around the reserve. One that's certainly not disappointed is the
:35:26. > :35:29.live otter-cam, this is the view you can see from the camera. The lights
:35:30. > :35:33.in the distance is where we are in the barn. If we just pull back a
:35:34. > :35:38.little bit and pan round, this is where we have been seeing a lot of
:35:39. > :35:42.the otter activity, and the trustee old heron is there. We have seen
:35:43. > :35:48.quite a few times. This is a live picture, nothing else at the moment.
:35:49. > :35:53.But let's have a look at what we saw just last night. We are seeing a lot
:35:54. > :35:58.of otters. It is a family of otters, the heron is there still. You can
:35:59. > :36:02.see him as he comes out of the water. He's enjoying some fish
:36:03. > :36:07.there. Remember this is in the dark. But look you have to look closely
:36:08. > :36:11.and you can see, did you see that is definitely a male. I saw what I
:36:12. > :36:17.needed to see. We have been speculating whether it is male or
:36:18. > :36:21.female, you all know now, we have highlighted it in case you missed
:36:22. > :36:26.it, it is definitely a dog, we call that a dog. It just goes to show
:36:27. > :36:29.even when you get cracking images sometimes you have to look very
:36:30. > :36:33.carefully to establish the simple things about the animal, even what
:36:34. > :36:38.sex they are. These cameras are providing us a unique opportunity of
:36:39. > :36:42.doing that. It is what you call field craft. Let's have a look at
:36:43. > :36:48.some other behaviour we got today. Look, we think that is probably the
:36:49. > :36:54.same male, the dog. At first again we speculate but we thought that he
:36:55. > :37:03.was scent marking. A lot of little noises going on. We thought maybe
:37:04. > :37:12.he's rubbing or getting rid of dirt. He's putling, my putles do --
:37:13. > :37:18.poodles do that, and because he's going back to the same spot and he's
:37:19. > :37:28.dressing himself in the spot. Why not rub somewhere else and because
:37:29. > :37:30.he's going back to the same spot and he's dressing himself in the spot.
:37:31. > :37:32.Why not rub somewhere else. We don't know, we can watch the nightime
:37:33. > :37:38.behaviour and do speculating. Let's cut live to the camera, we have a
:37:39. > :37:41.rat there. Oh, yes, look. What I ought to say is these animals are
:37:42. > :37:48.coming to this particular area, because we have put some bait down
:37:49. > :37:54.there. The RSPB have been baiting this area for the otters, for the
:37:55. > :38:00.bitton, and here you can see a rat coming in. Punching one of the fish,
:38:01. > :38:03.which is -- pinching one of the fish, which is particularly good. We
:38:04. > :38:07.have had rats for a little while, here are some of the pictures we
:38:08. > :38:15.have got. There they are on top of the mowned of fish, fresh Spratt,
:38:16. > :38:19.none of your rubbish! Rats have a terrible reputation, they are
:38:20. > :38:25.effectively a nonnative species and came here a long time ago. They are
:38:26. > :38:33.fleeing because the otter has come in. That is not surprisingeeing
:38:34. > :38:41.because the otter has come in. That is not surprising. There is the
:38:42. > :38:45.ratio of 6-1, when you are in a city you are no more than six feet from a
:38:46. > :38:50.rat. We looked at that today, the closest you should be to a rat in a
:38:51. > :38:56.city is 50ms, that should make you feel more comfortable. I wouldn't
:38:57. > :39:01.mind that. We are probably not far from one in the barn. He's have a
:39:02. > :39:07.look at the heron earlier on. It is a beautiful bird. He's posing a bit
:39:08. > :39:15.there. What I want to look at is its feet. Again I will remind you, this
:39:16. > :39:20.is in the dark, you can see he's really feeling round on this cut
:39:21. > :39:27.reed bed. You can see how massive those wading feet are. He's treading
:39:28. > :39:34.very carefully, and he flies off. But why? It is the otter again.
:39:35. > :39:40.Listen... He's not happy that he's been chased off. That is the heron.
:39:41. > :39:44.But I can't blame him that's leaving, otters will take birds, not
:39:45. > :39:51.typically as big as a heron, but they will take lots of water birds,
:39:52. > :39:58.couts, moor hens, it varies in their diets. It would have a got a it. We
:39:59. > :40:03.have been celebrating the reed beds and the mud, mud, glorious mud, we
:40:04. > :40:07.know it is vast and full of life. But it can also be treacherous.
:40:08. > :40:13.Morecombe Bay is one of the largest expanses of intertidal mudflats and
:40:14. > :40:17.sand in Britain. On the lowest tides mile upon mile are exposed,
:40:18. > :40:24.providing rich feeding grounds for bird life. Walking around Morecombe
:40:25. > :40:29.Bay it is pretty easy to see why it is so important for bird life. At
:40:30. > :40:33.low tide it is this huge expanse of nutrient-rich mud. But to get a real
:40:34. > :40:37.sense of scale and to understand the habitat, I think I should be right
:40:38. > :40:47.in the middle of the bay. I'm certainly not going to walk out
:40:48. > :40:56.there, what I need is one of these. This is the Hurley flyer, at
:40:57. > :41:03.Morecombe Bay the tide goes out so far that the RNLI needs a vessel
:41:04. > :41:14.that can cross sea and mud. Fantastic, wow.
:41:15. > :41:20.I knew these mud flats were big, but you really don't get a sense of
:41:21. > :41:26.scale until you get right in the middle of them. You can see as far
:41:27. > :41:32.as the eye can see, it is just mud. It is such an enormous area. The
:41:33. > :41:38.ever-changing nature of Morecombe Bay, though great for wildlife, has
:41:39. > :41:42.been catching people off guard for centuries. Often with tragic
:41:43. > :41:50.consequences. Commander Harry Roberts showed me the dangers out
:41:51. > :41:56.here in this dynamic habitat. If you start to move your feet around a
:41:57. > :42:02.bit, underneath it gets soft. Suns do that you begin to stick in it, it
:42:03. > :42:07.feels like cement on your boots. It sets like a cast and hardens, can
:42:08. > :42:15.you feel it? How quickly does the tide come in? It is, I will get my
:42:16. > :42:20.foot out first! If I start rescuing the RNLI that would be really funny?
:42:21. > :42:28.Rescue me! It comes in very fast, I would say fast walking pace. Since
:42:29. > :42:32.it came into service in 2002 the Hurley Flyer has rescued more than
:42:33. > :42:36.100 people. The crew's vigilance is a constant reminder of the
:42:37. > :42:43.unpredictable nature of Morecombe Bay. It may be a dangerous place for
:42:44. > :42:49.us, but a vital habitat for bird life. It gave you a real sense of
:42:50. > :42:56.scale, Chris, being right in the middle of those mudflat, but it also
:42:57. > :43:01.made you respect the see, in four hours it was covered from the tide
:43:02. > :43:07.coming in. The message from the RNLI is be safe, sensible and respect it,
:43:08. > :43:10.it is very deceptive and dangerous. Don't wander into the mudflats on
:43:11. > :43:16.your own. Think about it. Are you safe and sound? It is so flat. Half
:43:17. > :43:20.a metre of water could cover a kilometer. It comes in faster than
:43:21. > :43:24.you can walk sometimes. Very, very scary. At the beginning of the week
:43:25. > :43:28.we launched our Migrationwatch, we asked you to look out for three
:43:29. > :43:33.species of birds, the red wing, the brown wing and these birds the
:43:34. > :43:37.waxwing, they are truly exotic species. We have had a number of
:43:38. > :43:40.reports coming in from around the country. That is really good. In a
:43:41. > :43:44.typical winter we would only get maybe tens of these birds, but in
:43:45. > :43:50.the last couple of winters we have had eruptions and thousand, as many
:43:51. > :43:54.as 4,000 last winter. This is the map for what happened last week, we
:43:55. > :44:00.have had plenty up here in Orkney. A few more over here in the Western
:44:01. > :44:06.Isles, and one in Mrs Miniver's garden, down here we had one from Mr
:44:07. > :44:10.John Sergeant, in York some waxwings too, they have already spread
:44:11. > :44:17.through the country. This is a pretty good arrival of waxwings.
:44:18. > :44:21.What does it mean. We called our friends of the BTO, and there are
:44:22. > :44:26.plenty of berries in Scandinavia so they may not come in the numbers
:44:27. > :44:37.they have in the last few years. This is Chris's on than logical --
:44:38. > :44:51.ornathalogical moment! If you see these birds contact us via the
:44:52. > :44:55.website. It is not just birds that migrate, fish do, particularly eels.
:44:56. > :45:02.This year has been a bumper year for eels. Particularly elver, they have
:45:03. > :45:08.arrived here in their millions. In the River Severn, alone they had
:45:09. > :45:12.over 100 million elveres arriving. They are coming into our fresh water
:45:13. > :45:16.river, they will stay there maturing. It is when the mature eels
:45:17. > :45:20.start to make the reverse journey back down to the sea that they can
:45:21. > :45:29.get into trouble. I went out to find out more. Every autumn many of our
:45:30. > :45:33.eels set off on Anne credible journey. -- an incredible journey.
:45:34. > :45:47.They will attempt to swim over 3,000 miles to the other side of the
:45:48. > :45:49.Atlantic to mate and spawnn incredible journey. They will
:45:50. > :45:52.attempt to swim over 3,000 miles to the other side of the Atlantic to
:45:53. > :45:55.mate and spawn Before they get to the sea they have a whole host of
:45:56. > :45:59.man made obstacles to get there. Wheel, turbines block a third of
:46:00. > :46:07.waterway, killing 40% of my growth eels it is thought. Fortunately help
:46:08. > :46:13.is at hand. Dr Adam Piper from the University of Southampton is testing
:46:14. > :46:26.surprising ways to help eels pass these dangers and out to sea. First
:46:27. > :46:29.needs to catch someto sea. First he needs to catch some. We are just
:46:30. > :46:33.coming up to migration time. It is rainy nights and a drop in
:46:34. > :46:36.temperature, when the levels and the flow picks up. A combination of all
:46:37. > :46:40.these things causes this migration cue and they start migrating
:46:41. > :46:45.downstream. You so rarely see them. You see them all the time. But for
:46:46. > :46:50.me it has been years since I have seen an eel. Yes. Eels undergo a
:46:51. > :46:56.series of extraordinary physical changes as they mature. Only when
:46:57. > :47:03.they transform into full size silver eels are they ready to travel down
:47:04. > :47:08.our rivers and out to sea. The larger eel is nearly half a metre
:47:09. > :47:13.long, it looks like a female silver. Can we have a closer look at her,
:47:14. > :47:21.maybe picker up in the net? Yes, certainly. Fascinating, a lovely
:47:22. > :47:28.colour now we can see? Much better, a silver belly. Look at that. So it
:47:29. > :47:33.is not just the colour, all sorts of other things are going on inside the
:47:34. > :47:38.eel's body are they now? All sorts of mover logical changes, the eye
:47:39. > :47:53.becomes bigger, the fin and the silver colour on the outside. All
:47:54. > :47:59.sorts of things preparing her for the journey. She must be how many
:48:00. > :48:04.years old? There is a huge variation in when they migrate, one of the
:48:05. > :48:08.things we don't know. They might migrate four-to-five years after
:48:09. > :48:15.being in the river. But also they found eels years and up to 40 years
:48:16. > :48:19.of age. 40 years? The oldest ones. Adam is tagging the silvers to
:48:20. > :48:25.assess how they react to obstacles as they swim down stream. The tags
:48:26. > :48:34.give a remarkably detailed picture of the eels' behaviour. It doesn't
:48:35. > :48:38.like it at all? It has come to the fast flows and rejected and gone
:48:39. > :48:43.back up stream. Adam has found when he increases the speed of a water
:48:44. > :48:49.flow around a hazard the eel turns around and goes back up stream. He
:48:50. > :48:54.hopes to use this research to guide eels away from danger and follow
:48:55. > :49:03.safer routes tout sea. But he's not just looking at water flow. This
:49:04. > :49:08.autumn we are looking at infrasound, very low-frequency sound. Like being
:49:09. > :49:12.shouted at, "not this way"! It is more of a vibration. Anything else?
:49:13. > :49:19.All sorts of things including strobe lights, more manipulation of
:49:20. > :49:23.hydraulic, we will see how they go. If Adam can deploy effective
:49:24. > :49:27.deterrents at danger spots across the country, it will give silver
:49:28. > :49:31.eels a fighting chance. They are very lucky to have a champion like
:49:32. > :49:36.you. And one of the silver eels is luckier still. I'm going to give it
:49:37. > :49:42.a head start by we leasing it past the final barrier on its way to the
:49:43. > :49:48.sea. The time has come to send this eel on its way. And Adam always
:49:49. > :49:53.releases them in the evening so it can migrate under the cover of
:49:54. > :50:05.darkness. What a shame we can't go with t good luck.
:50:06. > :50:11.Such fascinating creatures eels, fascinating. And there are still
:50:12. > :50:17.many mysteries about their life cycle. Let's have a look at what
:50:18. > :50:23.people know so far. The eels will leave the UK and they will all go
:50:24. > :50:27.down across the Atlantic and out to the Sargasso Sea, and hear they mix
:50:28. > :50:33.around, these are -- here they mix around, these are the adult eels,
:50:34. > :50:38.they will mate, breed, and the tiny little elveres will make their way
:50:39. > :50:42.all the way back, drifting on ocean currents they will come back and
:50:43. > :50:48.populate our rivers. People aren't sure what happens in the searing
:50:49. > :50:53.goes sow sea. Epic -- Sargasso Sea. Appic migration. Not sure why they
:50:54. > :50:58.are declining, since 1983 a massive decline. We think some of it is down
:50:59. > :51:03.to the obstructions in the waterway, in the waterways there are 2,500
:51:04. > :51:14.obstructions. That is great work. Stay tuned for Sun Sprung on the --
:51:15. > :51:18.Unsprung on the red button. After that those real live eels will be
:51:19. > :51:21.released somewhere in the reserve. Let's hope they are not leased
:51:22. > :51:27.anywhere near the otters otherwise this could happen to them. This was
:51:28. > :51:31.recorded by a visitor to the reserve this week, Kate from Nottingham. You
:51:32. > :51:37.can see it is two of the kits, fighting over an eel. Two of the
:51:38. > :51:41.otter kits, fighting, a bit of a tug-of-war, one of them wins and
:51:42. > :51:49.swims off with it, the other one looks miffed and sits down to really
:51:50. > :51:54.enjoy a nice bit of eel nosh! Fantastic, thanks for that Kate. You
:51:55. > :51:57.are frowning, you don't like that? Poor old eels they have such a tough
:51:58. > :52:04.time. Yesterday we saw a really beautiful film that had been made by
:52:05. > :52:11.John, he's one of the top wildlife cameraman. Today we sent him to the
:52:12. > :52:13.River Ithan and it is place he used to know very, very well, but he
:52:14. > :52:40.hasn't been back there for 20 years. It is such a time of change here on
:52:41. > :52:47.the estuary. The geese have come for the winter, there are waders here,
:52:48. > :52:52.ducks that have come from the north. The estuary is just as vibrant and
:52:53. > :52:56.full of life as it was 20 years ago when I first came to know it. It is
:52:57. > :53:02.such a relief to find it is like this, that it hasened really
:53:03. > :53:17.changed. -- hasn't really changed. It is a tiny stuary. Small enough to
:53:18. > :53:20.know every bank and sand do you know. It is not a pristine wilder
:53:21. > :53:25.fishings that is not the point. It is a place where people live, on one
:53:26. > :53:29.side of the estuary they will come and walk their dogs and bring their
:53:30. > :53:35.kids to play in the sand. And just across the water, life goes on.
:53:36. > :53:45.These parallel lives, as do ours, the seals, the oyster catchers,
:53:46. > :53:50.getting on with their lives. There is always something going on, there
:53:51. > :53:57.is always something to notice where there's light and wildlife. Where
:53:58. > :54:04.the weather changes every moment. And this place is just full of
:54:05. > :54:15.patterns. Of ripples and sand banks and shapes in the water and shapes
:54:16. > :54:20.on the land. 20 years a long time, I expect things to have changed here,
:54:21. > :54:32.but it is like it was. The waders are doing well and the geese. But
:54:33. > :54:44.these are struggling. The eider ducks are the spirit of the place.
:54:45. > :54:55.So dapper, 1920s ducks. Like spats. They wait on the high tides further
:54:56. > :55:00.up. As the tide starts to fall it carries the ducks down to the mouth.
:55:01. > :55:11.In the mouth of the estuary there are mussel beds, and that is what
:55:12. > :55:14.they eat, mussels. They dive for them, but they have to wait for the
:55:15. > :55:27.tide. If it is moving too fast they will just get swept away. But the
:55:28. > :55:32.ducks are in trouble. There are only half as many as there were when I
:55:33. > :55:40.was here before. It might be some problem with the mussel beds. Hard
:55:41. > :55:56.to imagine the river without its eideres. Nature is so important, it
:55:57. > :56:00.should be part of everybody's lives. It is worth rembering the places you
:56:01. > :56:07.love and keeping them safe and going back to see them again and again.
:56:08. > :56:11.We're all so busy these days. The phone rings, there are e-mails,
:56:12. > :56:25.there is so much to do, there is so many demands on our time. Perhaps
:56:26. > :56:29.time doesn't have to be a fast-flowing river going in one
:56:30. > :56:35.direction, maybe the tides are a different way of seeing it. Maybe
:56:36. > :56:46.there can be renewal of interest and cycles in your life as well as that
:56:47. > :56:49.linear flow. But this river reminds me just of the simple Joyce of
:56:50. > :56:55.sitting, listening and looking at what is happening. And slowing down
:56:56. > :57:10.for a bit and spaying attention to other lives. And being in the
:57:11. > :57:14.moment. Beautiful, poignant and pert napped, I think. We have all got our
:57:15. > :57:20.patch, haven't we. We have all got places we go to, and we learn to
:57:21. > :57:24.love those places, just like John loves that estuary, what was
:57:25. > :57:29.pertinent is he said we should learn to look after them too, because in
:57:30. > :57:33.20 years time they might be gone. If you have a patch look after it.
:57:34. > :57:37.Sometimes it is down to you. No-one else will do it. Then you can love
:57:38. > :57:41.it in 20 years time and maybe your kids too. That would be a top
:57:42. > :57:45.result. It was beautiful, if you are going to love place you need to get
:57:46. > :57:50.out and enjoy it. And plenty of you do just that. Sadly that's all we
:57:51. > :57:53.have time for this week. So this week, tonight, it is not over yet,
:57:54. > :57:56.we will be back tomorrow. This is what we have coming up tomorrow. We
:57:57. > :58:01.have got a national treasure, in the form of the red squirrel, and we
:58:02. > :58:06.have hot news about conservation of this species. I will try to solve
:58:07. > :58:11.the mystery of how moths can travel under the cover of darkness from the
:58:12. > :58:18.UK all the way to the Mediterranean. We will be catching up with our
:58:19. > :58:21.majestic stags, especially our worryingly injured 14-pointer.
:58:22. > :58:27.That's all coming um tomorrow, see you at 8.00, remember you can join
:58:28. > :58:31.Nick Baker with Sun sprung on the red button and on-line. By the way,
:58:32. > :58:34.has anyone seen my broomstick, I need to go now, because it is
:58:35. > :58:41.Hallowe'en. Goodbye.