0:00:09 > 0:00:12Coast is on its biggest expedition ever.
0:00:18 > 0:00:21After exploring Britain and Europe for eight years,
0:00:21 > 0:00:24we've hopped hemispheres to an extraordinary continent.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32It's the furthest that Coast has ever travelled.
0:00:35 > 0:00:40We've come to a land so majestic and so massive, it's breathtaking.
0:00:40 > 0:00:45And makes me wonder why I haven't been here before.
0:00:45 > 0:00:48But, now, I can finally say...
0:00:48 > 0:00:51this is Coast Australia!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02It's a country, an island and a continent,
0:01:02 > 0:01:07blessed with over 60,000 kilometres for us to explore
0:01:07 > 0:01:09on our greatest adventure yet.
0:01:19 > 0:01:22For some, this is what Australia is all about -
0:01:22 > 0:01:26fantastic beaches, shimmering sands, fabulous coral reefs
0:01:26 > 0:01:29and exotic marine life.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31But that would be a disservice
0:01:31 > 0:01:33to this vast and fascinating continent,
0:01:33 > 0:01:36with the sixth longest coastline in the world,
0:01:36 > 0:01:38and a history of humankind
0:01:38 > 0:01:41that stretches backs at least 50,000 years.
0:01:47 > 0:01:52Australia is 30 times bigger than Britain.
0:01:52 > 0:01:54The Great Barrier Reef alone
0:01:54 > 0:01:57is spread over a larger area than the UK.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00The scale is astonishing.
0:02:02 > 0:02:06Our task is to capture the dazzling diversity
0:02:06 > 0:02:09of this young, modern nation but ancient land
0:02:09 > 0:02:12as we discover the secrets, the scenery
0:02:12 > 0:02:14and the stories of its people.
0:02:16 > 0:02:21With such an epic canvas, you might ask, "Where do we start?"
0:02:21 > 0:02:22From the Kimberley,
0:02:22 > 0:02:25the series features stories in seven other regions -
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Darwin and beyond, the Great Barrier Reef,
0:02:28 > 0:02:32the Gold to Sunshine Coast, Sydney, Victoria,
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Tasmania and the Coral Coast.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39I've gathered a team of experts,
0:02:39 > 0:02:41who will take us on this exciting journey.
0:02:43 > 0:02:47Writer, palaeontologist and an Australian Of The Year,
0:02:47 > 0:02:50Professor Tim Flannery is peerless in his knowledge
0:02:50 > 0:02:52of the history and formation of the continent.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56Marine ecologist Dr Emma Johnston,
0:02:56 > 0:02:59a New South Wales Scientist of the Year,
0:02:59 > 0:03:03explores the stunning biodiversity of Australian waters.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06Anthropologist Dr Xanthe Mallett
0:03:06 > 0:03:11uses her forensic experience to unravel stories of the past.
0:03:11 > 0:03:13Landscape architect Brendan Moar
0:03:13 > 0:03:16is passionate about the geography of the shoreline,
0:03:16 > 0:03:19and the folks who call it home.
0:03:19 > 0:03:23And Miriam Corowa, journalist and saltwater woman herself,
0:03:23 > 0:03:26investigates the social evolution of this dynamic coast.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33And as for me, well, I get the job of a lifetime,
0:03:33 > 0:03:35because I get to be your guide,
0:03:35 > 0:03:39and with 80% of Australians living on the coastline
0:03:39 > 0:03:42and so many stories to be told, I'd better get cracking.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08For Coast Australia's inaugural journey,
0:04:08 > 0:04:13we're in one of the world's last great wilderness areas,
0:04:13 > 0:04:14the Kimberley,
0:04:14 > 0:04:17in the north-west corner of the continent.
0:04:20 > 0:04:25Joining me in this episode, Tim Flannery trips over dinosaurs...
0:04:25 > 0:04:27And there is a pink dinosaur foot.
0:04:27 > 0:04:32..Xanthe Mallett explores a unique maritime war grave...
0:04:33 > 0:04:34This is a raft.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37If we do see a crocodile or a shark, do we have a safe word?
0:04:37 > 0:04:41..Brendan Moar takes to water on an ancient raft...
0:04:41 > 0:04:42THEY LAUGH
0:04:42 > 0:04:46..Emma Johnston dishes up the mud on migratory shore birds...
0:04:46 > 0:04:51..and I investigate Broome's glittering place in history.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54Look at that. It's like Jupiter compared to the earth.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25Our journey stretches from Eighty Mile Beach in the west,
0:05:25 > 0:05:29through Broome around the Dampier Peninsula
0:05:29 > 0:05:31and across the Buccaneer Archipelago
0:05:31 > 0:05:33to Freshwater Cove.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38The Kimberley region of Western Australia
0:05:38 > 0:05:41is three times the size of England,
0:05:41 > 0:05:43with a population of just 40,000 souls.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47So, with so few people per square kilometre,
0:05:47 > 0:05:51it's one of the most sparsely populated regions on Planet Earth.
0:05:51 > 0:05:55And so, when it comes to getting around, one of these is very useful.
0:06:02 > 0:06:06Remote and rugged, this is a land where time began.
0:06:08 > 0:06:12Ancient gorges and deep fjords fan out to magnificent bays
0:06:12 > 0:06:17dotted with primeval monoliths, endless horizons everywhere.
0:06:19 > 0:06:22I have to say, in all my travels,
0:06:22 > 0:06:24this is some of the wildest,
0:06:24 > 0:06:28most edge-of-the-world-feeling coastline I think I've ever seen.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32There's also a very strong feeling from it
0:06:32 > 0:06:35that, if you were to have been here 200 years ago
0:06:35 > 0:06:36or even 2,000 years ago...
0:06:38 > 0:06:40..it would've looked just the same.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01This is a landscape that dwarfs humanity.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03At four billion years,
0:07:03 > 0:07:07Australia features some of the oldest land forms on Earth,
0:07:07 > 0:07:10which means an endless cornucopia of history
0:07:10 > 0:07:13for palaeontologist Tim Flannery,
0:07:13 > 0:07:16who's stepping back in time to walk with dinosaurs.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28Do you know what's really special about this place?
0:07:28 > 0:07:32130 million years ago, when these rocks were laid down,
0:07:32 > 0:07:35India was just over there.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40I'm walking along what's known as the Dinosaur Coast
0:07:40 > 0:07:43on the Dampier Peninsula, just north of Broome.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Palaeontologists have recorded
0:07:50 > 0:07:54at least 15 types of dinosaur that roamed this area,
0:07:54 > 0:07:57leaving literally thousands of tracks and trackways.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00I'm really lucky to get to see these,
0:08:00 > 0:08:03because they're only exposed at a very low tide,
0:08:03 > 0:08:07for a few hours, for a very few days every year.
0:08:08 > 0:08:11Dr Steve Salisbury is a palaeontologist
0:08:11 > 0:08:15with a special interest in the biomechanics of dinosaurs,
0:08:15 > 0:08:17how they're shaped and move.
0:08:17 > 0:08:18So what have we got here?
0:08:18 > 0:08:20A dinosaur footprint.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23I reckon I've walked over hundreds of those coming to meet you.
0:08:23 > 0:08:24You probably have.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28So, Steve, I think I can see, maybe some toes here, is that...?
0:08:28 > 0:08:31- Am I looking at it right? - Yeah so it's a three-toe track.
0:08:31 > 0:08:33So there's one, two, three.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36That's the back of the footprint,
0:08:36 > 0:08:37so he's headed that way.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40So what would this dinosaur look like, you reckon?
0:08:40 > 0:08:42Well, the reason we're interested in this one
0:08:42 > 0:08:46is because this looks like tracks that, in sort of Spain and Portugal
0:08:46 > 0:08:51and then also North America, have been attributed to stegosaurs.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54Right. So stegosaurs are the guys with the big plates on the back?
0:08:54 > 0:08:55That's right.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01With the help of traditional custodian Richard Hunter
0:09:01 > 0:09:04and research assistant Nigel Clarke,
0:09:04 > 0:09:07Steve is going to make a silicon cast of the footprint
0:09:07 > 0:09:10for further museum studies.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14So, Steve, how did these tracks form? And why right here?
0:09:14 > 0:09:16Well, 130 million years ago,
0:09:16 > 0:09:20this was part of a big flood plain heading out probably into a delta.
0:09:20 > 0:09:25Back then, Australia was still part of the Gondwana supercontinent
0:09:25 > 0:09:29that included South America, Africa and India.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32Here, periodic floods would have deposited
0:09:32 > 0:09:35layers of mud on the sand bars that made up the flood plain,
0:09:35 > 0:09:39which was bordered by dense forests of cycads and ferns.
0:09:40 > 0:09:45Dinosaurs roamed the boggy terrain, leaving their imprints everywhere.
0:09:45 > 0:09:49Usually, the muddy prints would have dried up and crumbled away
0:09:49 > 0:09:53but, on the Dinosaur Coast, blankets of sand covered them
0:09:53 > 0:09:56and preserved them, a fossilised landscape.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01So, for instance, here, this bigger one you can see,
0:10:01 > 0:10:04this is his big toe, that's the second toe,
0:10:04 > 0:10:07and then the third, fourth and the fifth,
0:10:07 > 0:10:10and then there's a small track of a bi-pedal ornithopod dinosaur
0:10:10 > 0:10:13- that's overprinted it. - So sauropod - great big long neck,
0:10:13 > 0:10:15long tail - one of the classic dinosaurs.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18Yeah, yeah, brachiosaurus or diplodocus, that kind of thing.
0:10:18 > 0:10:21Footprints form all the time.
0:10:21 > 0:10:23We left a trail of them on the beach when we walked down here,
0:10:23 > 0:10:26but rarely do they get preserved in the fossil record.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29It's an incredible diversity of dinosaurs.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32Like there's not really anywhere else in the world
0:10:32 > 0:10:35that has such a level of diversity represented by tracks.
0:10:35 > 0:10:38Comes away quite cleanly, doesn't it?
0:10:40 > 0:10:42Oh, wow.
0:10:42 > 0:10:47And there is a pink dinosaur foot, of all things!
0:10:47 > 0:10:51'Today's science teaches us about our geophysical beginnings,
0:10:51 > 0:10:53'but there's a much older account
0:10:53 > 0:10:57'that emanates from the coast's indigenous Goolarabooloo people.
0:10:57 > 0:10:59'Richard has a fascinating
0:10:59 > 0:11:02'and very different reading of these ancient tracks.'
0:11:02 > 0:11:04- Yeah, I see.- They can fly...
0:11:07 > 0:11:09'A dreamtime story of Emu Man,
0:11:09 > 0:11:12'the first ancestral spirit that walked the earth.'
0:11:24 > 0:11:26So what's the name of that Emu Man?
0:11:28 > 0:11:30Marella. OK. Yeah.
0:11:30 > 0:11:33And did he bring something to the land when he came?
0:11:38 > 0:11:40'To Richard and his people,
0:11:40 > 0:11:42'Marella gave the knowledge through songs,
0:11:42 > 0:11:45'which are akin to aural heritage maps -
0:11:45 > 0:11:49'laws to sustain balance and well-being of the land
0:11:49 > 0:11:51'and its people -
0:11:51 > 0:11:53'and passed down through the generations.'
0:12:02 > 0:12:06You know, plenty of Australia's coastline is spectacular,
0:12:06 > 0:12:08but there's nothing like this.
0:12:08 > 0:12:10Price's Point is just unique,
0:12:10 > 0:12:14because it brings together Aboriginal Australia
0:12:14 > 0:12:15and European Australia
0:12:15 > 0:12:18in a way that no other place on the continent does.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20It's the origin of the dreamtime
0:12:20 > 0:12:23for Aboriginal people across a great swathe of the continent
0:12:23 > 0:12:27and, for European people, it's an incredible repository
0:12:27 > 0:12:29of ancient knowledge, a vanished world.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46The Kimberley weathers two distinct seasons -
0:12:46 > 0:12:48a searing dry
0:12:48 > 0:12:50and the surging wet,
0:12:50 > 0:12:54which floods the rivers and bays that divide the rugged plateaus.
0:12:54 > 0:13:00It's a dramatic wilderness sculpted by time, pressure and water.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05The Kimberley region has the greatest tidal range
0:13:05 > 0:13:07in the whole of the southern hemisphere.
0:13:07 > 0:13:10And the second highest in the entire world.
0:13:14 > 0:13:20The 12-metre tidal change here is magnified by the shape of the coast.
0:13:20 > 0:13:23The currents increase considerably to squeeze huge volumes
0:13:23 > 0:13:29of tidal water in and out of the bays and rivers through narrow gaps.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32I'm going to discover how this stunning coastline was formed
0:13:32 > 0:13:35with the help of a quick geology lesson
0:13:35 > 0:13:38and then wrestle with that surging tide
0:13:38 > 0:13:41at one of the greatest natural wonders of the Kimberley,
0:13:41 > 0:13:45the Horizontal Waterfalls in Talbot Bay.
0:13:53 > 0:13:55All right. Thank you.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58'Geologist Dr Ian Tyler has written the book
0:13:58 > 0:14:00'on this serene emerald setting.'
0:14:00 > 0:14:04- This is an interesting spot. - It is indeed.
0:14:04 > 0:14:08'His sandbox shows how two continental masses collided
0:14:08 > 0:14:12'to create this stunning billion-year-old vista.'
0:14:12 > 0:14:16We're compressing five million years into several minutes.
0:14:16 > 0:14:20The Horizontal Falls are in this bit of the model.
0:14:20 > 0:14:22'The creation of folds and thrusts
0:14:22 > 0:14:26'that make up the crumpled geology of Talbot Bay.
0:14:31 > 0:14:35When that was buckled, like a rug pushed up by an opening door,
0:14:35 > 0:14:37that was solid?
0:14:37 > 0:14:39It wasn't... It's not pushing in sand. It's folding rock.
0:14:39 > 0:14:43It was old enough to be solid rock when that happened.
0:14:43 > 0:14:48So it's... The pressure is enough and is held for a long enough time,
0:14:48 > 0:14:52that it starts to flow like toffee.
0:14:56 > 0:14:59Right, now that I've had my geology lesson,
0:14:59 > 0:15:02it's time to see the Horizontal Falls up close.
0:15:02 > 0:15:03Hi there.
0:15:13 > 0:15:15Right, so tell me, Adrian, what's happening here?
0:15:15 > 0:15:18Well, basically, it's what you call a tidal pinch.
0:15:18 > 0:15:21The tide's actually rising faster in this bay
0:15:21 > 0:15:23than it is in the next bay over.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26The gaps are pinching how much water it'll let through,
0:15:26 > 0:15:28so we actually go downhill.
0:15:28 > 0:15:32I think it's risen today about nine metres in the last six hours.
0:15:32 > 0:15:35One hell of a lot of water moving through there at the moment.
0:15:35 > 0:15:37It peaks at about a million litres in a second.
0:15:37 > 0:15:40The reason it can do that is it's not a normal rapid.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42It's not fast water going over the top of shallow rocks,
0:15:42 > 0:15:46it's extremely deep, 50 metres of water underneath it.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49- So it's like...- 50 metres deep?! - 50 metres deep.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52So it's, it's like a column of water powering through there.
0:15:55 > 0:16:00Time to run the first gauntlet - the 20 metres seaward-facing gap.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10That was relatively sedate
0:16:10 > 0:16:14and now onto a smaller, more powerful boat,
0:16:14 > 0:16:17and the narrower ten-metre gap.
0:16:17 > 0:16:19The water speed we're doing at the moment,
0:16:19 > 0:16:20about 30 kilometres per hour.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22Just sitting holding the boat here still.
0:16:22 > 0:16:26The sounder's reading 44 metres. So...
0:16:26 > 0:16:29- So it's about 150 feet of water. - Yeah...underneath us, yeah.
0:16:29 > 0:16:31And we should be moving forwards...
0:16:31 > 0:16:34- Yeah, yep. - ..at 30 kilometres per hour.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37Yeah and I've got the boat, you know, probably,
0:16:37 > 0:16:40you know, 600 horse power, a third throttle,
0:16:40 > 0:16:42just holding us still here.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45It's like a... It's like an ocean trying to get through a letter box,
0:16:45 > 0:16:46- isn't it?- Yeah, absolutely.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03HE LAUGHS
0:17:22 > 0:17:24The stunning colours of Australia
0:17:24 > 0:17:27are most vivid along the Kimberley Coastline -
0:17:27 > 0:17:30ochre sandstone cliffs, red pindan sand
0:17:30 > 0:17:34folding into the turquoise waters of Broome's Roebuck Bay.
0:17:34 > 0:17:37It's a unique setting
0:17:37 > 0:17:40but, as anthropologist Dr Xanthe Mallet discovers,
0:17:40 > 0:17:4370 years ago, this tranquil vista was shattered
0:17:43 > 0:17:47when the war spilled over to Australia.
0:17:47 > 0:17:49And I'm going to follow the tide out
0:17:49 > 0:17:52to see the dramatic evidence for myself.
0:17:59 > 0:18:04By early 1942, the Japanese were pushing through Indonesia,
0:18:04 > 0:18:07or the Dutch East Indies as it was known then.
0:18:09 > 0:18:13In a rush to escape, Allied military planes were commissioned
0:18:13 > 0:18:17to evacuate Dutch refugees from their colonial homes in Java.
0:18:19 > 0:18:23On the 2nd of March, they landed in Broome's Roebuck Bay to refuel.
0:18:26 > 0:18:28Given the area's large tidal movement
0:18:28 > 0:18:32and the lack of facilities to ferry more than a 100 refugees
0:18:32 > 0:18:34to and from the small port town,
0:18:34 > 0:18:37the passengers stayed on board for the night.
0:18:37 > 0:18:42At 9:20 the next morning, nine Japanese Zeroes appeared
0:18:42 > 0:18:44and couldn't believe their luck.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48Before them, 15 flying boats lay at anchor,
0:18:48 > 0:18:53each with 30 or more Dutch refugees, mostly women and children.
0:18:53 > 0:18:56With no Allied resistance, the Zeroes opened fire,
0:18:56 > 0:19:00strafing the flying boats repeatedly before turning to the airfield
0:19:00 > 0:19:03and destroying a further seven military aircraft.
0:19:07 > 0:19:09In a vain attempt to save them,
0:19:09 > 0:19:12parents threw their children into the water
0:19:12 > 0:19:15only to see it set alight by burning fuel.
0:19:17 > 0:19:20Many who didn't die in the attack were incinerated or drowned
0:19:20 > 0:19:23as they attempted to swim the kilometre back to shore.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27It was a harrowing massacre that lasted an hour,
0:19:27 > 0:19:30but lingers on today in the mudflats of Roebuck Bay.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40Dr Silvano Jung's been studying Roebuck Bay's
0:19:40 > 0:19:42unique maritime museum for two decades.
0:19:44 > 0:19:48They're the first aircraft wrecks to be heritage listed in Australia.
0:19:48 > 0:19:52And they're only exposed at a king low tide for a few days of the year.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55So which one is this?
0:19:55 > 0:19:59This is the X-23. It was Sir Rudolf Idzerda's Dornier flying boat.
0:19:59 > 0:20:03There was only one person on board at the time it was lost
0:20:03 > 0:20:05and he's still missing.
0:20:06 > 0:20:09There are six exposed at low tide
0:20:09 > 0:20:12and there's another nine in deep water.
0:20:12 > 0:20:13So nine you've never seen?
0:20:13 > 0:20:17I've seen four of them, but there's still five missing.
0:20:18 > 0:20:20So this was more exposed?
0:20:20 > 0:20:23Yeah, it was exposed right down to the keel before.
0:20:23 > 0:20:24- Was it?- Ten years ago.
0:20:24 > 0:20:27'Silvano has been surveying the wreck site
0:20:27 > 0:20:31'and returns every ten years to record the changes.'
0:20:31 > 0:20:34We're just going to take a photograph of the bow section
0:20:34 > 0:20:37- to show the amount of sedimentation over time.- Yeah.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39Can you just set up this scale?
0:20:39 > 0:20:42- All right. Where do you want it? - Just over here, I think.
0:20:42 > 0:20:44- Right.- On this side.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47Why is it important to document it?
0:20:47 > 0:20:50This is one of the most significant sites in Australia.
0:20:50 > 0:20:53There is like a battlefield here,
0:20:53 > 0:20:56so it's documenting rare flying boats
0:20:56 > 0:21:00in a way that, so they will... We'll never see these aircraft again.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05It's very important that they remain in situ,
0:21:05 > 0:21:09and it's the best conservation measure,
0:21:09 > 0:21:11- is to do nothing.- Yeah.- In a way.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14But it also feels more appropriate that they stay here.
0:21:18 > 0:21:22As there were no accurate records of passenger numbers,
0:21:22 > 0:21:26we'll never know exactly how many people lost their lives,
0:21:26 > 0:21:29but Silvano estimates more than 100.
0:21:29 > 0:21:33Husbands, mothers and children.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36Ghosts swirling in the eddies of Roebuck Bay,
0:21:36 > 0:21:41while the survivors live with the memories of war's deathly embrace.
0:21:49 > 0:21:54With just 15,000 residents, Broome is the Kimberley's big town.
0:21:54 > 0:21:59It was built on pearling, a story that can be told in two parts.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01In the beginning, it was all about the shell.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06I've come here to investigate
0:22:06 > 0:22:09how the humble oyster has come to define Broome
0:22:09 > 0:22:12and its glittering place in Australia's history.
0:22:15 > 0:22:17By the turn of the 19th Century,
0:22:17 > 0:22:20this modest settlement had global currency,
0:22:20 > 0:22:22thanks to a coastline replete
0:22:22 > 0:22:25with one of nature's most beautiful shells.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30This is Pinctada maxima
0:22:30 > 0:22:33and it was buttons like this, made from the mother of pearl,
0:22:33 > 0:22:38that made this material so valuable in the 1800s.
0:22:38 > 0:22:43But the Broome pearling industry story began much earlier than that.
0:22:46 > 0:22:51Pearl oysters were noted here during the voyage of the Beagle in 1839,
0:22:51 > 0:22:53but it wasn't until the 1860s,
0:22:53 > 0:22:56when colonists noticed Aboriginal people wearing
0:22:56 > 0:22:59and trading the distinctive mother of pearl shell,
0:22:59 > 0:23:02that the industry grew to supply international demand
0:23:02 > 0:23:06for buttons, knife handles and fascias for wristwatches.
0:23:10 > 0:23:14The settlers didn't just acknowledge that ancient indigenous custom,
0:23:14 > 0:23:17they enslaved Aborigines and worked them ruthlessly
0:23:17 > 0:23:20to harvest the shell in earnest.
0:23:22 > 0:23:27This statue is a reminder of the very worst form of exploitation.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30It often involved kidnapping.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33It almost always involved slavery.
0:23:33 > 0:23:38Aboriginal girls were forced to dive with no kit whatsoever,
0:23:38 > 0:23:41naked and with no air supply.
0:23:41 > 0:23:45Unbelievably, it was often pregnant girls,
0:23:45 > 0:23:49because the belief was that pregnant girls had greater lung capacity
0:23:49 > 0:23:53and so could hold their breath for longer.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57When slave trading - or blackbirding - was outlawed in 1869,
0:23:57 > 0:24:00Broome had to find others to dive for shell.
0:24:02 > 0:24:07In 1901, the White Australia Policy restricted non-white immigration,
0:24:07 > 0:24:12but Broome, which by 1910 was the world's largest pearl shell centre,
0:24:12 > 0:24:14was given a special exemption.
0:24:15 > 0:24:19Over the coming decades, Asian and Islander immigrants arrived
0:24:19 > 0:24:22to work in what was still a very difficult business.
0:24:24 > 0:24:27With a history of their own in pearling,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30Japanese divers were targeted as the most skilled
0:24:30 > 0:24:33and so began a long association with Broome.
0:24:34 > 0:24:39Itsuhi Shioji came here as a deckhand in 1966.
0:24:39 > 0:24:41How dangerous was it?
0:24:58 > 0:25:00It was the vulcanized canvas suits
0:25:00 > 0:25:05topped by copper helmets or hard hats and lead-weighted boots
0:25:05 > 0:25:10introduced by the Japanese that assured their place in the industry.
0:25:11 > 0:25:17To get a wee taste of all that hard history, I'm going to try it on.
0:25:17 > 0:25:19Looking at what's involved in suiting up,
0:25:19 > 0:25:22diving might have been the easy part.
0:25:22 > 0:25:25Very natty Shetland wool stockings.
0:25:30 > 0:25:31Shetland wool jumper.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39Made from fine Scottish travelling rugs by the look of things.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43This is how I dress at home, you know.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46Do you know what this is for?
0:25:46 > 0:25:48I'll leave the rest to your imagination.
0:25:48 > 0:25:50I can promise you there's not much to see.
0:25:50 > 0:25:53These are all the rage in Carnaby Street at the moment.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57This is a cushion to take the weight.
0:26:00 > 0:26:01Feels great.
0:26:03 > 0:26:08So if you imagine that a typical Japanese diver, in real life,
0:26:08 > 0:26:11in his vest and pants, probably weighed about 60 kilos.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14On the sea bed, when he was fully togged up,
0:26:14 > 0:26:18you can make that about 180 kilos.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21Lumbering about in all of this for hours at a time.
0:26:24 > 0:26:28The arrival of plastic buttons soon after World War II
0:26:28 > 0:26:31killed the pearl shell business.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34But in the mid-1950s, the industry was revitalized
0:26:34 > 0:26:38by cultured pearls, which is Broome's story today.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42By the early 1900s, Broome was supplying
0:26:42 > 0:26:4680% of the world's demand for buttons and textiles.
0:26:46 > 0:26:50In 1946, a local man, Dean Brown,
0:26:50 > 0:26:53decided to head further north to wild, uncharted territory
0:26:53 > 0:26:56in search of fresh beds of the Kimberley's
0:26:56 > 0:26:59renowned Pinctada maxima shell.
0:26:59 > 0:27:01Fortune favoured the brave.
0:27:01 > 0:27:05The prize was abundant shell in King Sound's sheltered waters,
0:27:05 > 0:27:09shallow reefs and the protected harbour of Cygnet Bay.
0:27:09 > 0:27:13But Dean Brown was still in it for shells, not pearls,
0:27:13 > 0:27:15as grandson James Brown tells me.
0:27:15 > 0:27:17- How are you doing?- G'day, Neil.
0:27:17 > 0:27:20He wouldn't have had the faintest idea about cultured pearls.
0:27:20 > 0:27:23It was a secret that was held by the Japanese
0:27:23 > 0:27:28and only used in Japan and it wasn't until ten years later
0:27:28 > 0:27:32that that technology started coming to Australia.
0:27:32 > 0:27:35And how did he go about making the transition, then,
0:27:35 > 0:27:38from just harvesting the natural shell
0:27:38 > 0:27:41to thinking about setting up a farm?
0:27:41 > 0:27:42He got the insight
0:27:42 > 0:27:46when the Japanese started running Kuri Bay.
0:27:46 > 0:27:49And that was an American-owned company.
0:27:49 > 0:27:51My grandfather ended up running the supplies up
0:27:51 > 0:27:54- for that pearling company. - Was that nearby?
0:27:54 > 0:27:57It was about 200 kilometres further up the coast.
0:27:57 > 0:28:00He managed to convince my uncle that it was a good idea
0:28:00 > 0:28:03that he come up and try some experiments.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06And so, as a young 20-year-old, my uncle did that
0:28:06 > 0:28:10and miraculously succeeded and, to this day,
0:28:10 > 0:28:13he's acknowledged as the first non-Japanese person in the world
0:28:13 > 0:28:17to figure out how to culture pearls and then to do it commercially.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22Three generations later, and the Brown family
0:28:22 > 0:28:25is still cultivating pearls at Cygnet Bay,
0:28:25 > 0:28:28the oldest pearl farm in Australia.
0:28:28 > 0:28:31I think I imagined that the oysters would just be left out here,
0:28:31 > 0:28:33doing whatever oysters do,
0:28:33 > 0:28:36but it turns out they need regular maintenance.
0:28:38 > 0:28:43The farm's 50,000 shells are cleaned once a month of marine weed
0:28:43 > 0:28:47and barnacles which hamper the oysters' ability to feed.
0:28:47 > 0:28:51Pinctada maxima grows larger than other pearl oyster species,
0:28:51 > 0:28:54which means potentially bigger pearls.
0:28:54 > 0:28:59The natural lives of these oysters are heavily influenced by science.
0:28:59 > 0:29:02Right, OK. Oh, it's like a biology class.
0:29:02 > 0:29:04Absolutely.
0:29:04 > 0:29:06What would happen naturally, in one of these big shells
0:29:06 > 0:29:10if it was just living its normal sea bed life,
0:29:10 > 0:29:12that would cause it to create a pearl
0:29:12 > 0:29:14without any interference from...?
0:29:14 > 0:29:16There's a range of things that can do it
0:29:16 > 0:29:19but, generally, it's almost an immune response,
0:29:19 > 0:29:22so something irritates it and it can't get rid of it.
0:29:22 > 0:29:24So like a grain of sand or whatever?
0:29:24 > 0:29:26Or a little bit of a crab claw might get in there
0:29:26 > 0:29:28or a worm might bore through
0:29:28 > 0:29:30so the animal will actually just start laying
0:29:30 > 0:29:31nacre down around it.
0:29:31 > 0:29:33So, wherever a little grain of sand went in,
0:29:33 > 0:29:36say it landed there, that mantle would start to
0:29:36 > 0:29:41lay down more of this shiny shell around it to make it smooth.
0:29:41 > 0:29:42Yeah, you're absolutely right.
0:29:44 > 0:29:47Culturing pearls means that we introduce
0:29:47 > 0:29:48the irritant into the oyster
0:29:48 > 0:29:51in the form of a small ball, shaped from shells,
0:29:51 > 0:29:55which the oyster then coats with its silvery-white substance,
0:29:55 > 0:29:59called nacre, to produce a lustrous, round pearl.
0:29:59 > 0:30:01Hopefully!
0:30:01 > 0:30:04- OK, Neil. Are you ready to harvest your first pearl?- OK.
0:30:04 > 0:30:05- Take a seat.- Mm-hm.
0:30:07 > 0:30:11- Now bring the shell up. Put it on the stand.- Uh-huh.
0:30:11 > 0:30:13Put that edge in.
0:30:16 > 0:30:21Oh. Oh, now I can't feel it. I've lost the baby's head!
0:30:21 > 0:30:22Oh, no.
0:30:22 > 0:30:25'Two years of hard work by the oyster and...'
0:30:26 > 0:30:28- Look at that!- Well done.
0:30:28 > 0:30:31That's-that's like a little bit of magic,
0:30:31 > 0:30:33that's like the most elaborately wrapped birthday present ever.
0:30:36 > 0:30:39Look at that, a little jewel of the sea.
0:30:39 > 0:30:43After 50 years of trialling and working,
0:30:43 > 0:30:46this is what we've managed to come up with.
0:30:46 > 0:30:49- Oh, wow! - HE LAUGHS
0:30:49 > 0:30:51Right, OK. Now what is that?
0:30:51 > 0:30:54That's the world's largest fine-quality round pearl,
0:30:54 > 0:30:58- 22.2 millimetres.- Look at that.
0:30:58 > 0:31:01- It's like... It's like Jupiter compared to the earth.- Yeah.
0:31:01 > 0:31:05So how much is this one worth, would you say?
0:31:05 > 0:31:07That'd be worth about a couple of hundred dollars
0:31:07 > 0:31:10- once we've set into a jewellery piece.- And the grandaddy?
0:31:10 > 0:31:12Well, that's possibly a couple of million dollars.
0:31:12 > 0:31:13My goodness.
0:31:15 > 0:31:17Not bad for a mollusc.
0:31:26 > 0:31:30Sharing the Dampier Peninsula, just east of Cygnet Bay,
0:31:30 > 0:31:31One Arm Point is home
0:31:31 > 0:31:35to the Saltwater Bardi people of the Kimberley.
0:31:35 > 0:31:39This is old Australia, where tribal knowledge has evolved
0:31:39 > 0:31:42from the natural cycles of the earth, particularly the tide,
0:31:42 > 0:31:44which has brought Brendan Moar here
0:31:44 > 0:31:47to discover how people used to get around
0:31:47 > 0:31:50before the arrival of boats and outboard motors.
0:31:54 > 0:31:58These waters are well known for their huge tidal movements.
0:31:58 > 0:32:01Tides up to 12 metres flow through this bay every single day.
0:32:01 > 0:32:04It's a fact that the traditional owners of this land
0:32:04 > 0:32:07acknowledge and respect.
0:32:07 > 0:32:10The local Bardi people used the power of the tides
0:32:10 > 0:32:12to move around the coast.
0:32:12 > 0:32:14I'm meeting Bardi tribesman Albert Wiggan,
0:32:14 > 0:32:16who's going to show me how they did that
0:32:16 > 0:32:18and hopefully catch some dinner too!
0:32:19 > 0:32:24- Good morning. Brendan. - Brendan, I'm Albert. How are you?
0:32:24 > 0:32:27- Very good. Very pleased to meet you. - Welcome, welcome to our country.
0:32:27 > 0:32:30Thank you. It is absolutely stunning.
0:32:30 > 0:32:33This water is something else.
0:32:33 > 0:32:35Well, this is One Arm Point, you know.
0:32:35 > 0:32:37This is the land of the Bardi people.
0:32:37 > 0:32:40We're going to be going and making a raft
0:32:40 > 0:32:42and finishing a raft
0:32:42 > 0:32:45and I'll basically show you how, in a traditional way,
0:32:45 > 0:32:48the old people used to navigate using the tides.
0:32:48 > 0:32:51What inspired the Bardi people to actually build the raft?
0:32:51 > 0:32:54If you look just straight down here. This is the foam.
0:32:54 > 0:32:56The foam sort of inspired the idea of the raft,
0:32:56 > 0:32:58because it just floats on the surface.
0:32:58 > 0:33:00Right? There's no sort of restriction.
0:33:00 > 0:33:03There's no sort of friction there between the water movement
0:33:03 > 0:33:08underneath and the raft itself, because the raft is virtually
0:33:08 > 0:33:10just gliding over the surface of the water.
0:33:13 > 0:33:15All right, Brendan.
0:33:15 > 0:33:17Here's the other half.
0:33:17 > 0:33:19Right, so this is it.
0:33:19 > 0:33:22Basically this is what you've got. This is the raft.
0:33:22 > 0:33:25Tell me about the design, like, it looks pretty simple
0:33:25 > 0:33:27but I'm sure there's more than meets the eye there.
0:33:27 > 0:33:29Obviously, it's about buoyancy,
0:33:29 > 0:33:32and obviously the thicker areas are going to be more buoyant
0:33:32 > 0:33:34than obviously the skinny part.
0:33:34 > 0:33:39So the principal is to combine both skinny ends
0:33:39 > 0:33:43so that the two fat ends are floating. You know?
0:33:43 > 0:33:46If we do see a-a crocodile or a shark, do we have a safe word?
0:33:46 > 0:33:48Nah, I'll just push you off.
0:33:48 > 0:33:51BOTH LAUGH As long as you know how to swim!
0:33:51 > 0:33:53I'm just going to get rid of this.
0:33:53 > 0:33:55I reckon I'm not going to have much use for that.
0:33:57 > 0:33:58Oh, mate.
0:33:58 > 0:34:01Now, I'm a white dugong, right?!
0:34:01 > 0:34:03Look, I reckon, yep, you sit somewhere around here.
0:34:03 > 0:34:05I'll get up the front and we'll just see how we go, eh?
0:34:05 > 0:34:08- OK.- Good luck. Oh, look. Do you know how to swim?
0:34:08 > 0:34:11- That's the main thing.- Yeah.- As long as you know how to swim, mate.
0:34:11 > 0:34:15- Is it meant to go down this much? - Not really.- Right.
0:34:15 > 0:34:18Like you said, you're the white dugong here. You're right.
0:34:18 > 0:34:20- I am the big, white dugong. - Let's go.
0:34:20 > 0:34:23What's the plan? Where are we going? What are we doing?
0:34:23 > 0:34:26So we're going to head straight over to that little sand bar over
0:34:26 > 0:34:28there, all right? There's a nice little fishing spot over there.
0:34:28 > 0:34:31There's a fair distance between here and there.
0:34:31 > 0:34:33Yeah, it's a good work-out, mate.
0:34:33 > 0:34:35Keep ya fit, find you half an hour a day, they reckon.
0:34:35 > 0:34:38THEY LAUGH
0:34:41 > 0:34:44It was designed purely and simply because of the tides.
0:34:44 > 0:34:47The main reason was obviously transportation.
0:34:47 > 0:34:49But obviously it became the main hunting tool.
0:34:53 > 0:34:57The Bardi people have been living in and around One Arm Point
0:34:57 > 0:34:59since the last ice age.
0:34:59 > 0:35:02The sea has been central to their lives as a source of food
0:35:02 > 0:35:04and spiritual significance.
0:35:04 > 0:35:07And that's basically why I build the raft, you know,
0:35:07 > 0:35:09that's why I go out and I teach people how to make spears
0:35:09 > 0:35:13and stuff and my children, you know, because I feel that's
0:35:13 > 0:35:16the legacy that our elders pass onto us young people, you know?
0:35:16 > 0:35:18All this culture,
0:35:18 > 0:35:21and it's just really... It's all you really need.
0:35:21 > 0:35:24It's our identity. I wouldn't sell it for the world.
0:35:26 > 0:35:28Paddle! Paddle, boy!
0:35:29 > 0:35:33Righto, this fish isn't going to catch itself!
0:35:33 > 0:35:36So, like the foam that inspired the idea, we've floated gently
0:35:36 > 0:35:40over to a fishing spot on the other side of the bay
0:35:40 > 0:35:42to spear ourselves some dinner.
0:36:11 > 0:36:14Spending time on the Dampier Peninsula,
0:36:14 > 0:36:15you get that overwhelming sense
0:36:15 > 0:36:19of just how beautiful the Australian coastline can be.
0:36:19 > 0:36:21How pristine it is
0:36:21 > 0:36:24and how much of it has this innate sense of spirituality.
0:36:24 > 0:36:28So much so that this place is truly timeless.
0:36:34 > 0:36:36Well, there you go, mate. That's dinner.
0:36:37 > 0:36:40Can't get it any more fresher than that.
0:36:40 > 0:36:43I want to know. Is it just too good to be true?
0:36:43 > 0:36:45Like, how much of this life is left?
0:36:45 > 0:36:49It's up to us, as indigenous people, how much is left.
0:36:49 > 0:36:52And so, as long as there are people like me who feel really strong
0:36:52 > 0:36:56and proud about being an Aboriginal,
0:36:56 > 0:37:00as long as we are alive, I think our culture will always stay alive.
0:37:16 > 0:37:19250 kilometres south-west of Broome,
0:37:19 > 0:37:22another golden crescent seemingly runs for ever.
0:37:23 > 0:37:26The splendid remoteness of Eighty Mile Beach
0:37:26 > 0:37:28is a haven for nature's migrants.
0:37:32 > 0:37:34Marine ecologist Dr Emma Johnston
0:37:34 > 0:37:37has travelled to this newly-declared marine park
0:37:37 > 0:37:40to explore why this area is a world-famous stomping ground
0:37:40 > 0:37:45for some of the planet's most adventurous travellers.
0:37:45 > 0:37:50Every year, around half-a-million migratory shore birds
0:37:50 > 0:37:52descend on Eighty Mile Beach from their breeding grounds
0:37:52 > 0:37:54in the Arctic Circle.
0:38:05 > 0:38:08Amongst a variety of shore birds, these Great Knots
0:38:08 > 0:38:12arrive here in enormous, whimsical clouds every year
0:38:12 > 0:38:15after an epic 8,000 kilometre journey.
0:38:17 > 0:38:21Dr Jutta Leyrer is part of the Global Flyaway Network,
0:38:21 > 0:38:24a scientific organisation that studies
0:38:24 > 0:38:27the ecology of migratory shore birds.
0:38:27 > 0:38:30They would have arrived here in about October, November,
0:38:30 > 0:38:34pretty much exhausted after a long trip from Siberia.
0:38:34 > 0:38:36They would have changed their feathers.
0:38:36 > 0:38:37They're pretty much worn
0:38:37 > 0:38:41after thousands of kilometre non-stop migration.
0:38:41 > 0:38:43And then by sort of February,
0:38:43 > 0:38:45they start to put on body mass again.
0:38:49 > 0:38:51As a secluded marine reserve,
0:38:51 > 0:38:55this is one of the world's richest foraging grounds.
0:38:55 > 0:38:59The birds feed undisturbed along the vast tidal mudflats
0:38:59 > 0:39:02on snails, crabs and worms.
0:39:02 > 0:39:07Long, thin bristle worms - polychaetes - that made these tubes.
0:39:08 > 0:39:13- Now THAT is good bird food. - That definitely is good bird food.
0:39:14 > 0:39:17- How much do they need to feed when they come here?- A lot.
0:39:17 > 0:39:20They basically double their body weight
0:39:20 > 0:39:22in three, to four, to five weeks.
0:39:25 > 0:39:30Mudflats are ocean meadows with invisible pastures.
0:39:30 > 0:39:33Every day, the tide comes in, bringing nutrients
0:39:33 > 0:39:36that feed tiny microscopic bacteria
0:39:36 > 0:39:40and phytoplankton on the surface of these sediments.
0:39:40 > 0:39:46This is rich, nutritious food for the invertebrates that hide beneath.
0:39:48 > 0:39:51So this is a type of marine snail.
0:39:51 > 0:39:53The snails are eating the bird poo.
0:39:53 > 0:39:56The birds are eating the snails, there's fish in the middle
0:39:56 > 0:39:58and it's such a productive ecosystem.
0:40:05 > 0:40:10Refreshed and replenished by this abundant strip of coast,
0:40:10 > 0:40:12come April, the flocks take flight
0:40:12 > 0:40:16for their arduous journey north to summer in Siberia.
0:40:23 > 0:40:25I'm flying north, too,
0:40:25 > 0:40:28but only a couple of hours from Broome to a special place,
0:40:28 > 0:40:30a window to the Dreaming -
0:40:30 > 0:40:33the sacred time in Aboriginal culture,
0:40:33 > 0:40:37when ancestral spirits created the world and rhythms of life.
0:40:39 > 0:40:43I'm heading to Freshwater Cove to see some living history...
0:40:45 > 0:40:49..the extraordinary restoration of some very old and sacred artwork.
0:40:51 > 0:40:54I'm really privileged to be welcomed into this country
0:40:54 > 0:40:57by traditional custodian and elder Donny Woolagoodja.
0:40:57 > 0:41:02- I'm Donny. Welcome to Freshwater Cove.- Thanks very much.
0:41:04 > 0:41:05It's called Freshwater Cove
0:41:05 > 0:41:07but what is this place called in your language?
0:41:19 > 0:41:23We're going to a very significant place along this dramatic coastline,
0:41:23 > 0:41:28where Donny has to perform some special maintenance.
0:41:28 > 0:41:30We're heading for Ngumbri, or Raft Point.
0:41:38 > 0:41:43I receive a ceremonial marking, which comes with a dreamtime story
0:41:43 > 0:41:46of two women who collected some honey while hunting.
0:42:04 > 0:42:06And why does it go on my face when I'm here?
0:42:14 > 0:42:16OK. Lead on.
0:42:16 > 0:42:19And up we go, accompanied by nephew and cultural apprentice Callum,
0:42:19 > 0:42:21along the red earth track.
0:42:23 > 0:42:26The Timor Sea, a shimmering backdrop
0:42:26 > 0:42:30and into a primeval art gallery.
0:42:30 > 0:42:32So, this is the place.
0:42:32 > 0:42:34- Yeah.- Ngumbri.- Yeah.
0:42:35 > 0:42:36Oh, look.
0:42:40 > 0:42:42How long have those paintings been there?
0:42:42 > 0:42:45Aw, maybe 50,000 years, maybe more.
0:42:51 > 0:42:53What can you tell me about these figures, Donny?
0:42:53 > 0:42:56Who are they and what do they mean?
0:43:04 > 0:43:06Is there one Wandjina or many?
0:43:12 > 0:43:14So all of these figures are-are Wandjina?
0:43:21 > 0:43:23Why are the Wandjina white?
0:43:26 > 0:43:27So from the spirit world?
0:43:27 > 0:43:31- Yeah. The spirit world, yeah. - And then there's obviously fish.
0:43:31 > 0:43:33- Yeah, the fish. Yeah. - You can see the fish.
0:43:42 > 0:43:44The faces are very, very simple.
0:43:44 > 0:43:47It's just two eyes and a stroke for a nose.
0:43:58 > 0:43:59Right.
0:43:59 > 0:44:01Following in his father's footsteps,
0:44:01 > 0:44:04Donny is a senior Worrorra tribal elder
0:44:04 > 0:44:06with a special responsibility -
0:44:06 > 0:44:09restoring the Wandjina artwork to keep it vivid.
0:44:14 > 0:44:19He paints with a profound sense of respect for his ancestors.
0:44:19 > 0:44:22And for me to witness this is a rare privilege indeed.
0:44:30 > 0:44:33Art and spiritual conservation,
0:44:33 > 0:44:37which Donny is training Callum to assume in time.
0:44:37 > 0:44:41First, he has to learn the stories and then he can touch the art.
0:44:44 > 0:44:48So an important part of the people coming back to the country,
0:44:48 > 0:44:51- is to maintain this.- Yeah.
0:44:58 > 0:45:02You don't need anyone to tell you that this is a special place.
0:45:02 > 0:45:03It speaks for itself.
0:45:03 > 0:45:06And then you find out that people have been coming here
0:45:06 > 0:45:11for 50,000 years... In fact, for heaven knows how long.
0:45:11 > 0:45:13And there's definitely a...
0:45:13 > 0:45:16a comfort about realising you're just one
0:45:16 > 0:45:19of a long, long line of people
0:45:19 > 0:45:22who've sat in here and looked out at the coast.
0:45:29 > 0:45:33To end what has been a spectacular day in this beautiful wilderness
0:45:33 > 0:45:37of Wijingarra Budd Budd, I must undergo a farewell ritual.
0:45:43 > 0:45:44What does the smoke do?
0:45:46 > 0:45:47Of what?
0:45:48 > 0:45:50- The spirits in the cave?- Yeah.
0:45:50 > 0:45:52So what would happen if I wasn't smoked?
0:45:54 > 0:45:56- The spirits?- Yeah.
0:45:56 > 0:45:59Right, let's get in the smoke! Do I just step into it?
0:45:59 > 0:46:03Your foot. Left foot.
0:46:04 > 0:46:08Your hands. Hands.
0:46:08 > 0:46:10Your head.
0:46:10 > 0:46:11And you smoke the smoke.
0:46:16 > 0:46:21The Wandjina of Freshwater Cove left their images on the cave walls
0:46:21 > 0:46:24before they returned to the spirit world.
0:46:24 > 0:46:27And it's the responsibility of the living, Donny,
0:46:27 > 0:46:32after his father, Sam, to repaint and maintain those images.
0:46:32 > 0:46:35I've just been cleansed to make sure
0:46:35 > 0:46:38I don't take any of the spirits with me when I go.
0:46:38 > 0:46:40And I'm glad about that,
0:46:40 > 0:46:43because enough people have left here over the years
0:46:43 > 0:46:47and I like the idea of leaving the spirits behind here,
0:46:47 > 0:46:49where they and the people belong.
0:46:53 > 0:46:57# Home sweet home, Wijingarra Budd Budd
0:47:00 > 0:47:04# Home sweet home, home sweet home
0:47:04 > 0:47:07# Home sweet home
0:47:07 > 0:47:11# Home sweet home, Wijingarra Budd Budd. #
0:47:17 > 0:47:20It's been an incredible journey through the colours
0:47:20 > 0:47:23and eternal landscapes of the Kimberley.
0:47:23 > 0:47:26Australia's last great wilderness.
0:47:44 > 0:47:47The Kimberley is a region of extremes.
0:47:47 > 0:47:51Extreme temperatures, extreme humidity, even extreme tides.
0:47:52 > 0:47:55It's not for the faint-hearted. For some, though,
0:47:55 > 0:48:00any hardships or challenges are outweighed by the rewards.
0:48:00 > 0:48:03For me, it's definitely a place best suited
0:48:03 > 0:48:05to those who've adapted to survive.
0:48:08 > 0:48:11Next time, from remote to radiant.
0:48:11 > 0:48:16The Coast team explores stunning Sydney Harbour.
0:48:16 > 0:48:19City built on blood, sweat, tears of convicts...
0:48:19 > 0:48:20and oyster shells.
0:48:20 > 0:48:23There was to be no escape...
0:48:23 > 0:48:24or was there?
0:48:24 > 0:48:27"Ready, aim, fire!"
0:48:28 > 0:48:32What a place to be quarantined. Feels more like Saint Tropez.
0:48:32 > 0:48:35Look at this underwater garden.
0:48:35 > 0:48:37This little bit there, that can be Sydney.
0:48:40 > 0:48:43Those stories and more from Sydney.
0:48:43 > 0:48:45Another day in paradise.