:00:16. > :00:20.Good evening. It's our last programme of the series, but we're
:00:20. > :00:26.going to finish on a high because we've got some big questions
:00:26. > :00:30.hanging over us, like will our woodpeckers fledge? That's the
:00:30. > :00:34.question. And we'll be solving the mystery of where our rabbits by the
:00:34. > :00:44.barn actually come from. Things have taken a very interesting turn
:00:44. > :01:02.
:01:02. > :01:07.deep inside our bumblebee colony. Yes, hello, and welcome to the
:01:08. > :01:11.final programme of Springwatch 2013. We have had a marvellous series
:01:11. > :01:17.here at the RSPB Reserve in Wales. The weather has been mixed. Today
:01:17. > :01:21.the rain has rolled in, leaving the hills and all of the vegetation
:01:21. > :01:25.dripping and damp. But our spirits are not dampened at all because
:01:25. > :01:27.we've got a fantastic programme coming up for you tonight with some
:01:27. > :01:34.real highlights, I promise you. If you were watching yesterday, you'll
:01:34. > :01:39.know we had a bit of a fledge-a- thon. Young birds were bursting out
:01:39. > :01:44.of their nests making their way into the wired world. There was one
:01:44. > :01:48.pair that were on the brink, thinking about it, not quite
:01:48. > :01:52.leaving - our stone chats. What have they been up to today? Here
:01:52. > :01:55.they are. There were two of them in the nest. It's hidden down in the
:01:55. > :02:00.grass, and throughout the course of the day, they have been out. They
:02:00. > :02:01.have gone back in again. They've come out, and they've gone back in
:02:01. > :02:05.again. LAUGHTER
:02:05. > :02:09.It's been damp, and we have had some quite heavy showers here today,
:02:09. > :02:13.not the ideal day to fledge if you're a ground-nesting bird like
:02:13. > :02:18.this and you're requiring insect food from your parents. I think
:02:18. > :02:21.what has been leading them out of the nest here is not a desire to
:02:22. > :02:26.fledge but to get the food first. There has been competition between
:02:26. > :02:30.these two nestlings. Here they are. They disappeared into the nest
:02:30. > :02:33.again. Let's go live to those Stonechats to see if they're still
:02:33. > :02:38.there. There's the nest hidden down to the grass, and they are still
:02:38. > :02:41.both nestled down there. It's cooling off now, and there is less
:02:42. > :02:46.feeding activity. What will happen then? My prediction is they will go
:02:46. > :02:49.if not tomorrow, the day after. Then they'll stick around that nest,
:02:49. > :02:53.hidden in the vegetation, for four or five days, probably not moving
:02:53. > :02:57.more than five metres, and in about six week's time, they'll become
:02:57. > :03:02.independent from their parents, by which stage, the parents will be on
:03:02. > :03:07.another in a clutch of eggs because they could have four broods this
:03:07. > :03:11.year if they keep themselves busy. That's your prediction, is it? I do
:03:11. > :03:15.seem to remember at the beginning of the series - was it week one or
:03:15. > :03:20.two when you said the redstarts wouldn't go in the evening, but
:03:20. > :03:30.they did. They went in the evening, and so did the grey tits, so did
:03:30. > :03:30.
:03:30. > :03:34.our blackbirds - in fact, live on 11.25am. There were four chicks.
:03:34. > :03:39.They all looked ready to go. They were doing a lot of flapping. There
:03:39. > :03:43.was a lot of activity. Then we looked at them again in the early
:03:43. > :03:49.evening. It appeared there were only three left. We must have
:03:49. > :03:53.missed one of them fledging. 7.50pm, another was thinking about going.
:03:53. > :03:59.It did fledge. Then live on the programme last night at 7.53 -
:03:59. > :04:02.because the programme started at 7.15pm last night, to our delight,
:04:02. > :04:08.both of the blackbird chicks that were left in the nest got confident
:04:09. > :04:12.enough and flew off. As I say, that was really exciting but surprising
:04:12. > :04:15.because that's not what birds normally do. They don't normally
:04:16. > :04:21.fledge in the evening, but it's a good job they did because look what
:04:21. > :04:25.happened in the early hours of this morning at 2.00am. A rat came into
:04:25. > :04:34.the nest, and you can see it's sniffing around there, and if those
:04:34. > :04:39.chicks had still been in the nest, then they would have been set upon.
:04:39. > :04:48.We set our camera man out to see if he could see the chick, but they do
:04:49. > :04:52.tend to stay very close to the nest but in thick bush. I hope he'll be
:04:52. > :04:56.all right in the bush. At this stage, the parents have divided
:04:56. > :05:01.half of the brood. The male feeding half of them, the female the other
:05:01. > :05:06.half until she has another clutch of eggs, then he'll take over. 46%
:05:06. > :05:11.survive the first year, young blackbirds. That might sound less
:05:11. > :05:18.than half, but I have to tell you that's a good survival rate. So the
:05:18. > :05:23.blackbirds are gone, but what about our woodpeckers? Let's go live to
:05:23. > :05:27.the great spotted woodpecker nest. He's always out. Every time we go
:05:27. > :05:31.live to the nest, that chick is looking out. Is it always the same
:05:31. > :05:36.one? I think it is. We have identified them by the markings on
:05:36. > :05:40.the head. That one seems the keenest to look out. It's
:05:40. > :05:45.fascinating to see how many there are. My goodness, I thought he was
:05:45. > :05:48.going to fly out. We can't be that lucky - it's not going to happen
:05:48. > :05:54.again. Let's remind ourselves of what has been happening during the
:05:54. > :05:58.day. It's him again. He's out. What's happening is the parents are
:05:58. > :06:01.coming back to the nest - there's a different one. They offer food, but
:06:01. > :06:05.they'll try, as Chris said, to tempt the chicks out by offering
:06:05. > :06:10.food, then walking backwards like that around the tree and see if
:06:10. > :06:16.they'll come out, and this one is doing a little bit of foraging for
:06:16. > :06:20.himself - pre-foraging I call that. If you slow it down, you can watch
:06:20. > :06:24.the tongue coming out maybe picking up the odd little tidbit there,
:06:24. > :06:29.learning to be an adult. Lovely. They're going to come out at any
:06:30. > :06:35.time. Hang on. Hold the front page. You're not going to tell us about
:06:35. > :06:40.the mallard? The mallard! Let's good live to the mallard. Wow.Well,
:06:40. > :06:44.we have heard - one of our wildlife cameramen was down there with her
:06:44. > :06:49.not two hours ago - a little bit longer - and he saw the eggs were
:06:49. > :06:53.starting to crack, so I - LAUGHTER
:06:53. > :07:01.I am convinced that we might see some ducklings tonight. Do you know
:07:01. > :07:09.what I am convinced of? What?You have gone quackers. If the mallard
:07:09. > :07:14.fledges tonight I'll eat my stripey cardigan. Jackie CKP has said, "I
:07:14. > :07:19.don't blame the jackdaws staying put. I would. I wouldn't go out in
:07:19. > :07:25.this rain". Lisa said, "I haven't done much at work today. I have
:07:25. > :07:32.been too busy mouthing at my computer for the jackdaw to fledge".
:07:32. > :07:37.Another says "The jackdaws are too comfortable in their nests." Stay
:07:37. > :07:45.tuned. There are around 50 minutes left. You can watch our cameras
:07:45. > :07:48.throughout the show. We'll tell you if there is any fledging.
:07:48. > :07:53.Springwatch Live is available online. You can watch that on our
:07:53. > :07:58.website. Stay tuned. Over the last three weeks we have been following
:07:58. > :08:02.the amazing story of Monty the osprey in his efforts to find a new
:08:02. > :08:11.partner in time for the breeding season. Let's catch up with the
:08:11. > :08:17.latest news. At the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Reserve, a pair of ospreys
:08:17. > :08:22.are incubating eggs. After a few fights and a succession of female
:08:22. > :08:27.admirers, the male, Monty, settled down with his third mate of the
:08:27. > :08:33.season, a massive female called Glessny. But they're breeding very
:08:33. > :08:41.late this year. Most other ospreys already have chicks, but this pair
:08:41. > :08:48.is still brooding their two eggs. Monty is an experienced father, but
:08:48. > :08:52.this is the first time Glesny has bred. Unusually, she is still
:08:52. > :08:58.catching food for herself. Females usually rely on the males bringing
:08:58. > :09:05.them food once they've paired up. She's an independent girl and even
:09:05. > :09:09.leaves Monty overnight to incubate the eggs alone. Monty and Glesny
:09:09. > :09:13.have protected the nest from a series of intruders. Crows were
:09:13. > :09:18.attracted to the nest. It's not clear whether they were just trying
:09:18. > :09:23.to steal the ospreys' fish or perhaps attack the eggs themselves.
:09:23. > :09:30.Only time will tell if the eggs were actually damaged by the crows.
:09:30. > :09:35.Over the past few weeks, lots of other ospreys have been seen around
:09:36. > :09:40.the nest. There have been at least 42 intrusions since incubation
:09:40. > :09:45.began with about 20 different ospreys passing through the area.
:09:45. > :09:49.These ospreys are unlikely to pose a threat to the nest. They're most
:09:49. > :09:54.likely to be young two-year-old birds returning from Africa for the
:09:54. > :10:01.first time and looking for potential nest sites for next year.
:10:01. > :10:06.Monty and Glesny still have their biggest challenge ahead. With luck,
:10:06. > :10:15.these two should hatch in a couple of weeks' time, and then the trials
:10:15. > :10:20.of parenthood will really begin. Monty, such a handsome bird. Don't
:10:20. > :10:23.you think, Chris? I think he's a bit scruffy. What is interesting
:10:23. > :10:27.and amazing about that is they think they have seen 20 individual
:10:27. > :10:34.birds passing through this area. If you think about it, for 400 years
:10:34. > :10:37.there were no ospreys around here, then in 1996, they saw the first
:10:37. > :10:42.ospreys back, and only a couple of years ago did they have the first
:10:42. > :10:47.breeding pair here, so that means there are 20 birds coming in
:10:47. > :10:52.looking for nest sites. Clearly there aren't enough nest sites, but
:10:52. > :10:54.it's great so many have come back. It is great, but whilst we have one
:10:54. > :10:58.pair here, the situation is fragile. If something happened to both of
:10:59. > :11:03.them, we could lose them. What we need here are a few more nesting
:11:03. > :11:09.platforms. I know what I would be doing on Sunday if I lived around
:11:09. > :11:13.here - putting up a nesting platform without shadow of a doubt.
:11:13. > :11:18.Ospreys here have greatly increased here in Wales, Scotland and England.
:11:18. > :11:23.At the same time, the population of the kestrel has been plummeting. In
:11:23. > :11:27.week one we launched our survey this year with the Hawk
:11:27. > :11:32.Conservatory Trust Kestrels Count. We wanted you to spot them and let
:11:32. > :11:35.us know. You have done brilliantly. We have had 25,000 reports of these
:11:35. > :11:39.beautiful birds from all over the country and from all sorts of
:11:39. > :11:43.people. I can tell you that traffic policeman Mark Wiebeil has reported
:11:43. > :11:47.one of these birds. His mate Julie has been working for the drugs
:11:47. > :11:52.squad. She actually saw one on a bus and reported it as well. A
:11:52. > :11:57.couple of schoolkids, James Johnson, eight, and Howie, 11, saw them
:11:57. > :12:01.while they were sat having lessons. Boys, we appreciate your sightings,
:12:02. > :12:05.but if you don't concentrate on your biology, you won't be the next
:12:06. > :12:11.Attenborough, will you? We have cholated all of these. We have this
:12:12. > :12:16.map. These show the sightings. Each red dot is a spotted red kestrel
:12:16. > :12:19.you have seen. The vart majority appear to be around England,
:12:19. > :12:23.Norfolk here, a few in Lancashire, some in Wales, but there seems to
:12:23. > :12:26.be a sparse area up in Scotland and indeed in parts of Wales around
:12:26. > :12:30.here. That doesn't necessarily mean there are no kestrels there. We
:12:30. > :12:34.have to be very careful with this data and the way we analyse it. It
:12:34. > :12:37.could be there are fewer people here looking. What we ooh also need
:12:37. > :12:47.to corroborate this is to spot areas where there are no kestrels,
:12:47. > :12:47.
:12:47. > :12:52.but let's take a look at this part of the map here. There is something
:12:52. > :12:57.about Norfolk. You can see there are lines that correspond with
:12:57. > :13:01.roads. Clearly, lots of people are spotting kestrels while they're
:13:01. > :13:06.driving. This raises a couple of questions - is it because it's a
:13:06. > :13:09.good place to spot kestrels because you can see them there or is it
:13:09. > :13:14.because the road verges is a good place for them to forage? Clearly,
:13:15. > :13:18.we need to do more work to find out more and need your help, so please
:13:18. > :13:21.keep contributing to the survey. Details are available on the
:13:21. > :13:26.website. Do think about getting more involved because if you want
:13:26. > :13:33.to, there are plenty more things you can do to contribute and let us
:13:33. > :13:38.know more about the birds. We can conserve them incredible. Well done,
:13:38. > :13:41.everybody. It has been brilliant. Those kestrels rely small mammals
:13:41. > :13:46.to feed on. We have had plenty of them in our rodentorium. Let's have
:13:46. > :13:51.a look at them now, see if anything is in there now. Nothing at the
:13:51. > :13:57.moment, but we have had quite a variety and lots of different sizes,
:13:57. > :14:03.going from the very small pigmy shrew, which was a good little spot
:14:03. > :14:09.for us, then the common shrew, a little bit bigger, going to the
:14:09. > :14:15.bank vole - you can see the slightly different sizes. Slightly
:14:15. > :14:23.bigger than that is a mouse. And then you have from the land of the
:14:23. > :14:27.giants the squirrel. Grey squirrel busted in. He's still in there
:14:27. > :14:31.apparently. Scoffed all of our bait. Of course, all of these mammals are
:14:31. > :14:34.part of a food chain. As much as we have enjoyed seeing them in our
:14:34. > :14:39.rodentorium, we have also enjoyed seeing them in the beaks of some of
:14:39. > :14:44.our Raptors too. Every now and again we have seen barn owls coming
:14:44. > :14:48.in, probably the male taking food to the female, who has a clutch of
:14:48. > :14:53.eggs. We have spotted adders out there, which will opportunistically
:14:53. > :14:57.empty small mammals' nests. We caught this fabulous view of a
:14:57. > :15:01.weasel. These things are mammal hunters par excellence. They're
:15:01. > :15:07.slim enough to fit down the burrows of voles and mice. That's what
:15:07. > :15:10.they're really after. Throughout the early part of there week, We
:15:10. > :15:13.celebrated the colonising of our cities by gulls. They were nesting
:15:13. > :15:23.on the roof, but they're not the only species of bird to have found
:15:23. > :15:34.
:15:34. > :15:44.In spring, these birds are found feeding and nesting all around the
:15:44. > :15:46.
:15:46. > :15:52.coast, but in Aberdeen, something strange is going on.
:15:52. > :16:00.Aberdeen's oystercatcher have abandoned the beach and they are
:16:00. > :16:04.choosing lofty places to rear their young. Will welcome to the
:16:04. > :16:08.penthouse suite. So why have Aberdeen's
:16:08. > :16:16.oystercatchers taken to the rooftops? Alistair Duncan used to
:16:16. > :16:21.teach at this school in the city. One day, he noticed a pair of
:16:21. > :16:26.oystercatchers nesting on the school roof. Back in the classroom,
:16:26. > :16:34.Alistair told me how this moment sparked a life-long interest.
:16:34. > :16:38.The first sighting was in 1957. Then another pair sat by the pier.
:16:38. > :16:45.Why do you think that the first pair decided to nest on the roofs?
:16:45. > :16:49.was a building booms in the 1960s. A lot of roofs were built flat. So
:16:49. > :16:53.they adopted them. The flat roofs of the new building
:16:53. > :17:03.were protected with a layer of gravel. This turned out to be
:17:03. > :17:09.
:17:09. > :17:14.In their natural habitat, oystercatchers usually lay eggs at
:17:14. > :17:23.ground level on shingle beaches. Nests are a simple scrape in the
:17:23. > :17:27.ground. These gravel-covered roofs mimic the
:17:27. > :17:31.oystercatcher's natural nesting territories on the shingle beaches,
:17:31. > :17:38.but up here they have the added bonus of being 50 feet up in the
:17:38. > :17:42.air. That means that the eggs and the chicks are safe from ground
:17:42. > :17:52.predators like foxes and cats. Because of that, high-rise nesting
:17:52. > :17:57.
:17:57. > :18:01.here in Aberdeen has really taken Remarkably, over 200 pairs of
:18:01. > :18:09.oystercatcher oystercatchers rest on to tops of roofs in the city, but
:18:09. > :18:15.over the years, Alistair has noticed that the birds favour educational
:18:15. > :18:21.buildings. This is the reason why... Playing fields are found adjacent to
:18:21. > :18:26.most city schools and colleges. They are important for the birds as they
:18:26. > :18:32.provide a plentiful and nutritious supply of food in the form of earth
:18:32. > :18:36.warms. Although the birds do occasional eat oysters they feed on
:18:36. > :18:41.many invertebrates. They have a chick-feeding strategy that is rare
:18:41. > :18:45.in wading birds. They can carry food to the chicks in the nest instead of
:18:45. > :18:53.their chicks following them to the food. So this allows them to raise
:18:53. > :19:00.their young on Aberdeen's rooftops. Oystercatchers are very territorial.
:19:00. > :19:05.Once they have found a good rooftop, they will return there every spring.
:19:05. > :19:10.Alistair has seen some birds come back to the same roofs for over 20
:19:10. > :19:15.years, but over that time things have started to change. Some of the
:19:15. > :19:20.oystercatchers returning to the city are ering problem. Over the past few
:19:20. > :19:24.years, many of the flat roofs have been resurfaced and the fashion for
:19:24. > :19:31.the pebbles has long gone. Fortunately for them, Alistair has
:19:31. > :19:40.come up with a solution. I have the trays, the seed trays
:19:40. > :19:44.from the garden centres, I half fill them with gravel and then I pop one
:19:44. > :19:49.on the roof. They are very adaptable birds, one
:19:49. > :19:54.little tray and they go in there? Yes, yes.
:19:54. > :19:59.Very adaptable birds! These oystercatchers have now accepted
:19:59. > :20:05.Alistair's trays as a substitute for the beach. Because of this ability
:20:05. > :20:09.to adapt, they are thriving, right in the heart of Aberdeen.
:20:09. > :20:13.Now there are breeding oystercatchers in towns and cities
:20:13. > :20:23.all over Europe, but we must not forget that the trend was started
:20:23. > :20:33.
:20:33. > :20:38.here in Aberdeen, more than 50 years I reckon that Yollow has become the
:20:38. > :20:43.rooftop correspondent, hasn't he? has great stories. I love the trays.
:20:43. > :20:50.I would love an oystercatcher on my roof in a tray.
:20:51. > :20:55.All of those birds to live more harmoniously than our jackdaws. We
:20:55. > :21:00.have been following two families in nest boxes, both have been attacked
:21:00. > :21:04.by intruders. Let's see how they are getting on. This is the single
:21:04. > :21:09.jackdaw chick. He is looking really bigment almost like an adult. He is
:21:09. > :21:13.is sleeping at the moment, but this is a jackdaw ready to go without a
:21:13. > :21:19.doubt. Let's have a look at what has been going on in 24 hours. Believe
:21:19. > :21:26.it or not, that is the chick. I know it looks like the adult but he has a
:21:26. > :21:31.paler bake. There is the adult -- beak, there is the adult, almost
:21:31. > :21:35.calling him, tickling his foot. Look at that, but he thinks, it is a
:21:35. > :21:38.little chilly out there. He will go back. In but look at all of that
:21:38. > :21:42.flapping. Really exercising the wings.
:21:43. > :21:48.The adult goes behind and almost tries to lead the chick out. Follow
:21:48. > :21:53.me! So he comes to the hole, has a good look. Most of the body is out.
:21:53. > :21:59.He flaps a bit. He almost seems to lose his balance... Is he going to
:21:59. > :22:04.go? Nearly out but, no, he goes back in, but I really don't think that it
:22:04. > :22:06.will be long. I think, basically, he has bought his ticket. He is in the
:22:06. > :22:09.departure lounge, the flight is delayed.
:22:10. > :22:14.Not by long. Let's have a look at our other
:22:14. > :22:17.jackdaws. There are two chicks in the nest box. They've been attacked
:22:17. > :22:23.so many times it is fantastic that they have gotten this far. There
:22:23. > :22:29.they are, they are peaking out the front of the nest box. They've also
:22:29. > :22:34.been thinking about fledging, but not quite so much activity as the
:22:34. > :22:39.single jackdaw. There they are again, looking out. The adults come.
:22:39. > :22:44.They are about the same age. They are four to five weeks old. This is
:22:44. > :22:52.the time they should go. It is not surprising, really, that the single
:22:52. > :22:57.jackdaw is bigger, stronger and certainly more third degreeic than
:22:57. > :23:01.those two. It is a single child. Spoiled. Many of you are surprised
:23:01. > :23:04.that the birds made it at all. During the first week there was a
:23:04. > :23:10.huge amount of aggression towards them from intruders, coming in,
:23:10. > :23:15.trying to steal this nest hole. They kept coming into the nest box.
:23:15. > :23:21.Whenever the adults were absent. Pecking the chicks. Occasionally
:23:21. > :23:29.being caught by the adults. Here they are in again. Hopping outside,
:23:29. > :23:32.another big fracas taking place. This went on an on. Then the birds
:23:32. > :23:38.went into the nest box with the single chick it was larger and
:23:38. > :23:44.better able to fight back. We think that this is all about a dominant
:23:44. > :23:49.hierarchy. A social hierarchy that is established in the species, where
:23:49. > :23:54.those higher up have not only the nesting sites but the best nesting
:23:54. > :24:00.sites. Yes a question from Francis
:24:00. > :24:04.Brightman who says do the jackdaws automatically inherent the social
:24:04. > :24:08.status from their parents or do they have to work their way up in the
:24:08. > :24:13.social order? They start from the bottom. When they fledge they find
:24:13. > :24:18.their meats in the second year. The female jackdaws pick males a little
:24:18. > :24:23.older than them. We can make a parallel between us
:24:23. > :24:27.and Howells. I can tell you that women pick partners, not one or two
:24:27. > :24:33.years older but typically three years older and on average seven
:24:33. > :24:37.years older. Really? Yes, this is true. The
:24:37. > :24:43.jackdaws once they find a partner, it is higher up in the social
:24:43. > :24:50.status. So they are moving up a class, the females. The bad news, if
:24:50. > :24:56.the male dies, the female goes back to the bottom. She may do so to the
:24:56. > :25:01.extent she will never find another pat ner nor breed again. Again, a
:25:01. > :25:09.bit of human social biology, in 1958, 38% of women in the UK married
:25:09. > :25:17.up their social class. By 19-77, 32% were going up their social class.
:25:17. > :25:22.Now only 16% of women in the UK marry up their social class and 28%
:25:22. > :25:29.marry lower in terms of earnings and so on and so forth. So this leaves
:25:30. > :25:36.me to a question, Michaela, how much money do you have? At the moment?I
:25:36. > :25:42.think you are richer than me... is lovely but I am taken. Funnily
:25:43. > :25:52.enough, seven years difference! I wonder what Martin is? I think he is
:25:52. > :25:57.a few years more? Now, the jackdaw society, complex, but not so as the
:25:57. > :26:03.bee society. We have been noticing interesting things going on within
:26:03. > :26:08.our beehive. Let's go inside it. Now here we can see the Queen.
:26:08. > :26:12.is bigger than the workers. Always attended to by them. We noticed that
:26:12. > :26:18.they have opened up the side of the nest to allow her to move around a
:26:18. > :26:24.bit. We think she's been laying eggs in there. She has been laying eggs
:26:24. > :26:30.but she has started to lay some very special eggs. Look down at the
:26:30. > :26:37.bottom. There is that larger white pupa down there, that is is a young
:26:37. > :26:42.Queen. That will turn into a queen. She has begun to sow the seeds of
:26:42. > :26:47.her own destruction. Because once that Queen hatches out. It may be
:26:47. > :26:54.anything between a handful up to 100 new queens, the whole of the colony
:26:54. > :26:59.will start to break down. It will become apocalyptic, post dystopia
:26:59. > :27:04.nightmare in there! We have been having to look to see whether there
:27:04. > :27:08.are signs of aggression. When it does start to break down, here they
:27:08. > :27:13.are, they are starting to squabble a little in there.
:27:13. > :27:18.So that is what is going to happen in the end. Once the new queens
:27:18. > :27:22.hatch out, that is the normal thing. They will fly off, they will meat it
:27:22. > :27:27.will start to slowly break down that is the whole purpose of the nest. It
:27:27. > :27:31.is to produce the new queens to be fertilised. So it will get messy in
:27:31. > :27:37.there, unfortunately, in the end. Will be every little bee for
:27:37. > :27:40.herself. Now those bees, they will be flying around, what they need is
:27:40. > :27:47.honey, nectar to make the honey. What they need for that is beautiful
:27:47. > :27:53.meadows. That is what Chris has been investigating.
:27:53. > :27:59.This year's late spring means that many meadows with the greatest
:27:59. > :28:06.floral divert have yet to show their true colours.
:28:06. > :28:10.But this field at the RSPB Reserve is in full bloom. Look it is a
:28:10. > :28:16.carpet of butter cups. It has not been agriculturally imfrooufd more
:28:16. > :28:22.than ten years but that said, it is not being managed specifically as a
:28:22. > :28:25.wild flower meadow. The primary use is to provide pasture for the
:28:25. > :28:31.reserve's ponies it is that and the biological properties of the butter
:28:31. > :28:35.cup that mean that it is this manage enough cent sea of yellow.
:28:35. > :28:41.There are several species of butter cups found in the fields. They have
:28:41. > :28:47.some surprise being secrets. -- surprising secrets. All contain a
:28:47. > :28:52.toxin. It is poisonous to livestock. It is said it can cause severe
:28:52. > :28:57.irritation to human skin as well. In addition to being toxic, they are
:28:57. > :29:01.also unpalatable, so the ponies do not eat them. They focus on the
:29:01. > :29:05.grasses and the edible flowering plants. This means that the butter
:29:05. > :29:15.cups are left standing whilst the other plants never get a chance to
:29:15. > :29:22.
:29:22. > :29:26.flower or produce seeds, so they getting ahead, and there are two
:29:26. > :29:30.species growing in this field here. The first one is low to the ground.
:29:30. > :29:36.It's called the creeping buttercup, and it's very clever because it
:29:36. > :29:39.spreads using these. This is what we call a stolon, so it grows out
:29:39. > :29:42.from the base of the plant this long extension, and then it
:29:42. > :29:47.produces more leaves, and if you look on the side there, just a
:29:47. > :29:51.little root, and this means it can spread throughout the field without
:29:51. > :29:56.using sexual reproduction. Furthermore, when this takes root
:29:56. > :29:59.in the soil, it depletes the sidium in the soil and discourages other
:29:59. > :30:05.plants from greeing there. Good stuff. The other species that's
:30:05. > :30:13.here is this one. It's a far-more upright plant, far more leggy. This
:30:13. > :30:16.is the meadow buttercup. Buttercups are a hugely successful group of
:30:16. > :30:20.plants. There are more than 600 species worldwide and more than 20
:30:20. > :30:30.in the UK, and the reason for this is they have been around a long
:30:30. > :30:34.time - 138 million years. Of course, the reason they're called
:30:34. > :30:43.buttercups is because of the colour, and when you look at the shiny
:30:43. > :30:47.inside of the petals, it does look like melted butter. This shiny-
:30:47. > :30:52.looking surface is created by a thin layer of just two cells with
:30:52. > :30:59.air between them, and it makes them highly visible and highly
:30:59. > :31:03.attractive to would-be pollinators, insects like beetles and aphids,
:31:03. > :31:13.and this enables buttercups to really stand out from other flowers,
:31:13. > :31:20.
:31:20. > :31:28.think one of the most uplifting to be in is a lovely speckled wild
:31:28. > :31:32.flower meadow, and yet sadly in the last 75 years we've lost 97 - yes -
:31:32. > :31:36.97% of these. There are still wild flowers out there. We'd like you to
:31:36. > :31:42.go out and survey them. If you visit our website, you can find out
:31:42. > :31:50.about a survey called Wild flowers Count. You can visit the website.
:31:50. > :31:55.You can download informs there, send off for a survey pack. You can
:31:55. > :32:00.get involved counting wild flowers. Do you know, we lose a species of
:32:00. > :32:04.wild flower from every county every two years. Unless we know where
:32:04. > :32:07.they are and what their populations are doing, we can't effectively
:32:08. > :32:12.conserve them, so do please try to get involved. It would be great if
:32:12. > :32:17.you did. Now, over the last week we have been having a bit of a fledge-
:32:17. > :32:21.a-thon with lots of our birds fledging the nest, but there is one
:32:21. > :32:24.lot of birds that definitely haven't gone. They haven't even
:32:24. > :32:28.bought their tickets yet. That's the song thrushes. Let's have a
:32:28. > :32:33.look at the chicks. There they are live. Now, what's in there? Oh,
:32:33. > :32:37.they're just sleeping. You can see they have grown. They were a little
:32:37. > :32:42.pink when we introduced them to you at the beginning of the week, and
:32:42. > :32:49.now they have got a few feathers on. They don't quite look so like alien
:32:49. > :32:54.species anymore, do they, Chris? they have fluffed up a little bit,
:32:54. > :32:57.and they have gotten three, four perhaps five days old. They have at
:32:57. > :33:01.least another nine days in the nest. I felt a bit sorry for them because
:33:01. > :33:07.it's turned chilly, and we have had a lot of rain, and there are the
:33:07. > :33:12.chicks being fed, but you can hear the rain, and there's one of the
:33:12. > :33:16.parent birds eating the faecal sacks - very tidy. In fact, they
:33:16. > :33:19.really have been very good parents. Both the male and the female are
:33:19. > :33:24.coming regularly doing feeds, and the chicks are doing well. Look at
:33:24. > :33:27.this. This is interesting. This is probably the male bird because
:33:27. > :33:30.study has shown it's usually the male bird that does this. It's got
:33:30. > :33:37.on the top of the nest, so you can still hear the rain, and look what
:33:37. > :33:41.it's doing with its wings. It's almost using them like an avian
:33:41. > :33:45.umbrella. It's shaking off the water and keeping those little
:33:45. > :33:51.chicks dry because obviously it's very important that they keep warm
:33:51. > :33:54.and dry. It's great that, though, isn't it? It's amusing, an
:33:54. > :33:58.instinctive thing as well. That male knows when it's raining, it
:33:58. > :34:02.has to make an umbrella out of its wings to keep its young dry,
:34:02. > :34:06.incredible. Let's go to our wrens because they too are too young to
:34:06. > :34:10.fledge yet, but they have been developing nicely. You can see them
:34:10. > :34:13.now nicely. Their beaks are peeping out of the nest, eagerly
:34:13. > :34:16.anticipating the return of the mother with some food, and she has
:34:16. > :34:20.been really busy throughout the course of the day bringing plenty
:34:20. > :34:24.of things in. The nest is well hidden, tucked in the ivy, and here
:34:24. > :34:28.she is coming back in. She's doing all the rearing of these youngsters.
:34:28. > :34:33.The male has gone off, probably found another female that he's got
:34:33. > :34:37.in another nest he built earlier in the spring. She's still taking the
:34:37. > :34:40.faecal sacks out trying to keep the inside of that nest clean as the
:34:40. > :34:44.birds have got plenty more time. Occasionally - and you can hear the
:34:44. > :34:50.rain again - she goes back into the nest to brood them and has a little
:34:50. > :34:53.bit of tidying up as well - a bit of OCD around the entrance - a bit
:34:53. > :34:58.of grass around the entrance out of place. I know where she's coming
:34:58. > :35:01.from. I think she's such a pretty little bird. Very special.Chris,
:35:01. > :35:05.calm yourself. Don't get too excited because we are going live
:35:05. > :35:09.to our mallards. We did have reports that the eggs were
:35:09. > :35:13.beginning to crack, but I think it's more the production lot that
:35:13. > :35:17.are beginning to crack, quite frankly, because there has been a
:35:17. > :35:22.little talk - sort of split the camp a bit, this mallard. Some
:35:22. > :35:26.people adore it. Others think it's a bit boring. Seriously, they could
:35:26. > :35:29.be hatching underneath. They could be, but we can't see them. It's
:35:29. > :35:33.going to take awhile. She could have ten eggs there. They could be
:35:33. > :35:37.hatching. She's not going to do much until they have all hatched.
:35:37. > :35:42.She has to wait for all of them to hatch and dry before she'll lead
:35:42. > :35:46.them away from that nest. I am afraid it's unlike there will be an
:35:46. > :35:52.eruption of fluffy ducklings emerging from under her breast.
:35:52. > :35:55.Some have said perhaps we should recast her. She hasn't done a good
:35:55. > :36:00.performance and we should get Donald in next year. Sll we have a
:36:00. > :36:03.look at our live cameras? The barn- cam - here we are. Not too much
:36:03. > :36:07.activity, I have to say, but we have seen plenty of rabbits out
:36:08. > :36:13.here - we saw initially two, then masses of rabbits. The big question
:36:13. > :36:17.is where were they coming from? Exactly. We had Nick Baker with us
:36:17. > :36:23.yesterday on the programme, who is good about doing a bit of tracking,
:36:23. > :36:27.so we sent him out to see where those rabbits have been coming from.
:36:27. > :36:32.Pretty much every predator we have here eats rabbits, so if you're a
:36:32. > :36:36.rabbit, you want to hide, and this barnyard is rabbit paradise, so the
:36:36. > :36:40.question is where are they coming from? We know they're here, but
:36:40. > :36:44.have they got a warrant? I don't think it's right here, but it is
:36:44. > :36:54.nearby. There is a bank behind the barn, so I'm going to go behind the
:36:54. > :36:54.
:36:54. > :36:58.barn. Look up here - rabbits have been here. That is where they wear
:36:58. > :37:03.the ground down. This is a run. This is classic rabbit science.
:37:03. > :37:07.What I am looking for is a burrow. There we go - bingo. There is a
:37:07. > :37:11.rabbit hole. Can you see that? If we move the Bracken out of the way,
:37:11. > :37:15.there is a rabbit hole. There is a rabbit run. There's more holes here,
:37:15. > :37:21.more holes that way. So Michaela, this is where the bunnys are coming
:37:21. > :37:24.from. Well done, Nick. I knew I could rely on you. Basically,
:37:24. > :37:29.that's a mystery solved, case closed. Over the last couple of
:37:29. > :37:32.weeks we have been using our cameras here to get an intimate
:37:32. > :37:36.insight into a unique species of animals, but we're not the only
:37:36. > :37:41.people doing this. Across the country people have cameras up on
:37:41. > :37:46.one of our most exciting birds, peregrines. These cameras have
:37:46. > :37:51.allowed us to find out how these birds are coping with our very
:37:51. > :37:58.unusual spring. There are thought to be around 50 pairs of peregrines
:37:58. > :38:01.living in our city's centres, and these cameras at nest in Norwich,
:38:01. > :38:08.Sheffield, Derby and Nottingham allow us unique access to behaviour
:38:08. > :38:13.that otherwise would go completely unnoticed. The harsh conditions in
:38:13. > :38:18.early spring were a real challenge. Snow arrived in March in Derby
:38:18. > :38:25.after the eggs had been laid. The parent frantically tries to reach
:38:25. > :38:35.them to incubate before they freeze. In Nottingham, this parent appears
:38:35. > :38:47.
:38:47. > :38:51.frozen to death. It's a desperate improvement in the weather ensured
:38:51. > :38:57.that eggs survived and successfully hatched. In Sheffield, it wasn't
:38:57. > :39:02.the weather, but a structural problem that almost scuppered this
:39:02. > :39:07.peregrine's chances of raising a family. But repairs came in time,
:39:07. > :39:12.and she went on to produce three healthy chicks. That's the same
:39:12. > :39:18.number as hatched in Nottingham. Nests in Derby and Norwich each had
:39:18. > :39:25.four. These cameras have been instrumental in deepening our
:39:25. > :39:29.understanding of peregrine behaviour. In Derby, 353 different
:39:29. > :39:39.species of prey have been counted, including collared dove, like this
:39:39. > :39:43.
:39:43. > :39:47.thriving. At this stage of their development, it's time for a little
:39:47. > :39:54.training. This young starling is brought into the large nest where
:39:54. > :39:58.it takes a bit of a beating. Peregrines very often choose young
:39:58. > :40:08.starlings to train their young. They make a lot of noise, and they
:40:08. > :40:16.
:40:16. > :40:24.exhausted too - death seems inevitable for this one. It makes a
:40:24. > :40:34.lucky escape. Last week, almost 70 days since the eggs were laid, the
:40:34. > :40:40.
:40:40. > :40:45.chicks at Norwich were the first to peregrines. I can't believe the one
:40:45. > :40:49.in the snow. I know, tough birds. Amazing that those chicks actually
:40:49. > :40:53.hatched. They nest quite far north above the Arctic Circle, so they're
:40:53. > :40:57.used to cold conditions. But those ones falling off the edge - what
:40:57. > :41:00.happened to those? I can tell you there is a good chance they'll
:41:00. > :41:04.survive and turn into beautiful birds. They're likely to flutter
:41:04. > :41:08.down then land on the building itself or an adjacent roof. If they
:41:08. > :41:12.don't make it there, because they're in the city centre, often
:41:12. > :41:15.they get picked up and brought back on to the roof. I have an update.
:41:15. > :41:19.One of the Sheffield birds fledged yesterday, and two have fledged
:41:19. > :41:23.today. Let's hope they do really well. It's fantastic to see them
:41:23. > :41:28.back in our city centres. They're continuing our fledging theme,
:41:28. > :41:34.aren't they? So many animals make the most of living around human
:41:34. > :41:41.activity, not just peregrines, insects, perhaps. A fair few.The
:41:41. > :41:47.Midges have enjoyed our activity, but it's not just midges, is it?
:41:47. > :41:51.am afraid it's not, Michaela. It's going to be our final visit to the
:41:51. > :41:55.micro-lab and how it has delivered. We have noticed some creatures that
:41:55. > :42:00.have been living very close to us in Springwatch headquarters. Have a
:42:00. > :42:05.look at this. Here we are. Here's one of our portacabins. Have a look
:42:05. > :42:10.at the lights on top, and at night, ieltsdz been attracting moths.
:42:10. > :42:15.There are any number of different shapes and sizes. We have about
:42:15. > :42:20.2,300 different types of moth here in the UK, and that compares with
:42:20. > :42:24.only about 59 different types of butterfly, and here it is, the
:42:24. > :42:27.perennial question - how do you tell the difference between a moth
:42:28. > :42:33.and a butterfly? There is no scientific distinction, actually.
:42:33. > :42:41.There is a common one, but let us dry and define it. Butterflies are
:42:41. > :42:46.generally brightly coloured. They have antennae that are clubbed.
:42:46. > :42:53.They generally fly during the day, and they have wings that fold down
:42:53. > :42:57.loo that. Here's a moth filmed in micro-world. Their wings are tented
:42:57. > :43:01.up. They don't hold them flat down. Look at this. Look at the antennae.
:43:01. > :43:05.They're not clubbed on the moth. This one is warming itself up prior
:43:05. > :43:09.to flying. What a bizarre face - needs a haircut, like me, some
:43:09. > :43:16.would say! Look at those antennae. You could never mistake that for a
:43:16. > :43:22.butterfly. I sent Micro-world a challenge today to film a tiny bit
:43:22. > :43:27.of a moth. It's a little bristle that goes from the back wing to the
:43:27. > :43:32.front wing, and it catches - locks them together, and only moths have
:43:32. > :43:35.that, and they managed to film that. It has been spectacular. They have
:43:35. > :43:39.achieved minor miracles down there. Sometimes they would film things
:43:39. > :43:45.that would normally take weeks - just overnight for us. Let's have a
:43:46. > :43:49.look at some of the things they have filmed. Here is the studio, a
:43:49. > :43:56.tiny studio, a fantastic caterpillar. Last night we saw this
:43:56. > :44:02.- the froghopper producing the spittle, and we saw the
:44:02. > :44:09.metamorphosis of the painted lady, the voracious predators in the pond.
:44:10. > :44:16.We have seen the metamorphosis of the tad pools changing into frogs.
:44:16. > :44:24.This is a carnivorous plant - this is one of the least favourites, but
:44:24. > :44:30.they have made good viewing - the midges hatching out on to the top,
:44:30. > :44:40.making our lives miserable! Thank you to those guys. Often it's the
:44:40. > :44:44.
:44:44. > :44:54.little things that have the big year, but finally our gardens burst
:44:54. > :45:02.
:45:02. > :45:11.appeared. Many of whom had spent months hiding away during the
:45:11. > :45:19.winter. This butterfly is a large white, often called a cabbage white,
:45:19. > :45:23.a common species, not as showy as some, and often cursed for being a
:45:23. > :45:32.gardeners' pest, but dig a little deeper, and there's more to its
:45:32. > :45:38.life than just catter pillers and cabbages. Puppy, called a chrysalis,
:45:38. > :45:41.find sheltered places to see out the winter months. This one has
:45:41. > :45:44.been hanging out under a greenhouse ledge for eight months, but this
:45:45. > :45:54.mornings temperatures are rising, and that's triggered the next stage
:45:55. > :46:01.
:46:01. > :46:07.Over a matter of minutes, its emerging as a complex creature with
:46:07. > :46:15.four wings, six legs, compound eyes and the ability to sexually
:46:15. > :46:21.reproduce. Beneath this miraculous
:46:21. > :46:28.transformation, other spring dramas are playing out in the greenhouse. A
:46:28. > :46:34.Queen wasp is chewing wood, that she will use later to build a nest.
:46:34. > :46:39.She's being watched. Zebra spiders have excellent eyesight, as well as
:46:39. > :46:43.the ability to jump. This snail has been disturbed from its daytime
:46:43. > :46:53.hiding hole it is skimming its way across the door to find another bolt
:46:53. > :46:56.
:46:56. > :47:01.hole before it gets too hot and dry. It's taken less than five minutes
:47:01. > :47:11.for the large white butterfly to break free. Its inflated its wings.
:47:11. > :47:16.
:47:16. > :47:22.It is now ready to take its very It heads straight to the border to
:47:22. > :47:28.feed on some nectar. The two block spots on her wings
:47:28. > :47:33.reveal this is a female. Although she's mainly white, the
:47:33. > :47:38.underneath of her wings is pale green, helping to camouflage her.
:47:38. > :47:47.Life will be a bit of a lottery for our butterfly and there's always
:47:47. > :47:52.trouble about. These butterflies are remarkably
:47:52. > :47:57.strong fliers. Some even journey hundreds of miles on migration. A
:47:58. > :48:03.number of the large whites, seen in our gardens, will have flown over
:48:03. > :48:10.from southern Europe. With a life-span of a matter of days,
:48:10. > :48:18.finding a meat is a priority. The large white's courtship is a flight
:48:18. > :48:26.of fancy. After meating, the female will lay her eggs in her favourite
:48:26. > :48:31.place - the vegetable patch. These yellow skittle-shaped eggs are each
:48:31. > :48:36.fixed to the leaf with a special glue. Every batch has about 40 eggs,
:48:36. > :48:40.positioned side by side to ensure permanent contact with the cabbage
:48:41. > :48:46.leaf. The reasons become clear when a few
:48:46. > :48:54.days later, they have hatched into tiny green caterpillars, a few
:48:54. > :49:01.millimetres long. After decimating their host plant and molting four
:49:01. > :49:09.times, they will pupuate, bringing our story full circle. This female
:49:09. > :49:14.large white is only a week old and yet she is about to die, but she's
:49:15. > :49:19.done her job, creating the next generation of this common, wret
:49:19. > :49:25.remarkable butterfly. -- yet. Butterflies, beautiful and
:49:25. > :49:28.fascinating if you are interested in butterflies, we have a Springwatch
:49:28. > :49:32.butterfly special coming up in July. We are filming it right now.
:49:32. > :49:38.Now I think that throughout the course of the series, if I may sob
:49:38. > :49:45.bold, we've been able to show you truly astonishing things. How about
:49:45. > :49:55.the water rail dreaming? I never thought we would get a water rail
:49:55. > :49:56.
:49:56. > :50:00.but watch this. Listen, listen. And then she wakes up, look...
:50:00. > :50:05.LAUGHTER And then, of course, having dream
:50:05. > :50:12.dreamed, as we were all dreaming ourselves, of the eggs hatching we
:50:12. > :50:17.got to see six out of seven water rail chicks. Probably a global
:50:17. > :50:21.first. A global first! I never dared dream of that. Amazing. Absolutely
:50:21. > :50:27.amazing. We have had some truly incredible things. That was
:50:27. > :50:34.adorable. This was a bit more shocking. This was the meadow
:50:34. > :50:41.pipits. We have seen this a couple of times. You can see that they
:50:41. > :50:45.hunker down as the snake comes in. Then it gets one of the chicks...
:50:45. > :50:55.There it is in its mouth by the head. Let's just watch this for a
:50:55. > :50:57.
:50:57. > :51:02.minute. It manages to slither off with just
:51:02. > :51:06.one but fortunately the rest of them got away, but it certainly was not
:51:07. > :51:11.my favourite bit. I felt sorry for the chicks but incredible behaviour
:51:11. > :51:15.to capture. Once in a lifetime. Those cameras
:51:15. > :51:21.have allowed to us catch other predators in the act, especially
:51:21. > :51:27.this weasel. Remember this nest of dunnocks? I'm afraid it is hard to
:51:27. > :51:31.waf again, look he even has a little look at the camera! Fantastic stuff.
:51:31. > :51:35.Absolutely brilliant. You could spend several life times
:51:35. > :51:40.in the field, out there with your nose in the bushes, sat in the shade
:51:40. > :51:45.of a tree and you would never get to see those things. It really is an
:51:45. > :51:52.extraordinary privilege. We have been lucky. Let's have a quick look
:51:52. > :51:59.around the cameras. Let's go to the marsh camera. There are the swans.
:51:59. > :52:04.They have not bred this year, but decorating away in their, well,
:52:04. > :52:09.decorative fashion, really. Look at this, swanking across there. And
:52:09. > :52:15.let's go live to the bishd feeder. Oh, perfect.
:52:15. > :52:19.They will regurj date the -- regurgitate the food into the mouths
:52:19. > :52:26.of their youngsters. So probably taking the seeds, crushing it into a
:52:26. > :52:35.piece and giving it to the young. Unlike many birds who forsake the
:52:35. > :52:41.boo feeders and two for the insections. Now the mallard. ---er
:52:41. > :52:48.who forsake the bird feeders and go for the insects. Now the mallard. It
:52:48. > :52:52.does not look active enough for me to have chicks underneath it
:52:52. > :53:00.Now remember, Springwatch is the start of the summer of wildlife and
:53:00. > :53:07.there is a whole lot of events across the entire BBC.
:53:07. > :53:11.The UK is home to so many amazing creatures. Who needs to go abroad to
:53:11. > :53:17.see incredible things? This summer is the time to get out there and
:53:17. > :53:22.enjoy them! # Day dream
:53:22. > :53:28.# I fell asleep amid the flowers # For a couple of hours
:53:28. > :53:32.# On a beautiful day. # The BBC's Summer of Wildlife,
:53:32. > :53:36.brings a raft of special programmes across the BBC.
:53:36. > :53:40.This country really does have the most incredible wildlife.
:53:40. > :53:46.It is a nationwide celebration of our natural history.
:53:46. > :53:50.To be able to crouch here is a dream! And the chance to get
:53:50. > :53:54.involved. Get out with your camera so we can
:53:54. > :53:59.see what wild things are living on your doorstep.
:53:59. > :54:07.Go down to the local pond... Look out for hundreds of wildlife events
:54:07. > :54:12.and a website packed full of top tips and guides.
:54:12. > :54:22.All of the advice that you need to get out and meet your extraordinary
:54:22. > :54:24.
:54:24. > :54:30.neighbours. Information and inspiration for a
:54:30. > :54:34.truly wild summer. And as part of Summer of Wildlife
:54:34. > :54:38.there will be events run by our wildlife partners across the
:54:38. > :54:43.country. The BBC are running one this weekend in Cardiff. So enjoy
:54:43. > :54:47.that. Of course the truth is, the more interested we are, the more
:54:47. > :54:51.chance there is that all of our wildlife will be conserved and
:54:51. > :55:00.looked after for generations to come if you are looking for something to
:55:00. > :55:05.do this weekend, go to the website, look on the Things To Do, and put in
:55:05. > :55:13.your postcode and you will find things to do at: The last chance to
:55:13. > :55:17.catch up with some of the birds involved in dge fledging. Let's go
:55:17. > :55:22.live to the stone chats. Are they there? Yes they are, they are
:55:22. > :55:30.sleeping that is what we want at this time of the day. What about the
:55:30. > :55:35.woodpeckers? Let's go live to them. Yes! On cue! Still peeping out. What
:55:35. > :55:40.about the jackdaws? A last look at them there. Is the single jackdaw up
:55:40. > :55:46.and about. Look at the length of the prime Aries. On the brink, I would
:55:46. > :55:51.say. Fantastic. Well, I have to say a massive vote of thanks to the RSPB
:55:51. > :55:56.and all of the staff here. We have enjoyed your hospitality and the
:55:56. > :56:00.fruits of your labours. This is a beautiful reserve, it is packed full
:56:00. > :56:04.of wildlife. We would like to thank the
:56:05. > :56:10.hard-working people behind the scenes, the people you don't see to
:56:10. > :56:16.work so hard to bring Springwatch to our screens and in particular, Ian
:56:16. > :56:21.Dewar, who is ill in hospital. All of our thoughts are with you, Ian.
:56:21. > :56:25.And a big thank you to you, the audience. For getting involved are
:56:25. > :56:30.for contributing so you are really part of our Springwatch family, but
:56:30. > :56:39.continue to get involved. Get inspired, engage with wierld life