:00:08. > :00:12.It is Springwatch. We are coming to you live from Wales, and it ist end
:00:12. > :00:16.of our second week, but I can tell you we have got some very very
:00:16. > :00:22.exciting new arrivals. We will be bringing you the cutting-edge
:00:22. > :00:28.science behind a garden flower favourite. Bumble bees.
:00:28. > :00:38.We will take a close look at an iconic bird, back from the bring of
:00:38. > :00:55.
:00:55. > :01:00.extinction. It is Springwatch. Welcome to Springwatch, coming to
:01:00. > :01:04.you live from the Ynys-hir reserve in Wales. A great mixture of
:01:04. > :01:09.habitats, so a great mixture of species and we have bugged them, so
:01:09. > :01:14.ewith get close up views and insights into some of the creature's
:01:14. > :01:19.lives. It is a beautiful evening here. And for most the weather is
:01:19. > :01:26.going to get better. But let me tell you now, on Springwatch, it is just
:01:26. > :01:30.about to get better. With our water rail. Now this is a very shy,
:01:30. > :01:34.secretive bird, very rarely seen on the nest, hardly ever filmed. If you
:01:34. > :01:40.remember it had seven eggs, and we were waiting for them to hatch. At
:01:40. > :01:44.the end of the programme, yesterday, we knew that one had hatched. But we
:01:44. > :01:48.hadn't caught a glimpse of it. So what happened after that? Well there
:01:48. > :01:57.was a lot of fidgeting from the adult bird, you can see she is
:01:57. > :02:05.taking the egg out of the nest. And then, we got the first glimpse at
:02:05. > :02:10.4.30am. There is that adorable fluffy water rail chick.
:02:10. > :02:14.As the early morning went on, we saw two more little chicks, poke their
:02:14. > :02:22.heads out. And again, the adult is getting rid
:02:22. > :02:27.of the egg, tidying up. But the morning, a few more had hatched.
:02:27. > :02:36.Weren't sure how many, until the bird, the adult bird got off the
:02:36. > :02:42.nest, we could see one, two, three... Four, five chicks. And I
:02:42. > :02:48.think you have got to admit, they really are very cute little chicks.
:02:48. > :02:53.As I say, we are very privileged to see these birds. And you can see
:02:53. > :02:59.their egg tooth there, on the tiny bitle -- little bill, the adult bill
:02:59. > :03:03.is so long, so that has a lot of growing to do. We were extremely
:03:03. > :03:08.excited, when we got our first glimpse, as I am sure many of you
:03:08. > :03:13.were that were watching the live camera. Would you like the honour?
:03:13. > :03:17.Of what? Give it a rub. We have been on tenterhooks here, because they
:03:17. > :03:21.could have been predated. We have been waiting for that to happen.
:03:21. > :03:26.What a fantastic thing. It took me two years to see an adult, I never
:03:26. > :03:30.dreamed I would see some chicks. That is a story so far, what has
:03:30. > :03:34.happened during the day? Let us have a look.
:03:34. > :03:40.Here are the chicks in the nest. These chick, they behave quickly,
:03:40. > :03:45.rather like adults, they are trying to help mum and dad build the nest.
:03:45. > :03:52.There is one egg, it is not going to hatch, we don't think. Look at this.
:03:52. > :03:58.Here come mum and dad. Giving them one of their very first meals.
:03:59. > :04:04.Tiny little titbits being offered. Lovely and snug in there, both
:04:04. > :04:07.parents, working together with the chicks. And we notice the chicks
:04:07. > :04:13.quite quickly started to move round the nest, here is one again, trying
:04:13. > :04:19.to help mum do a bit of nest building. Hours old.
:04:19. > :04:21.They have this funny little red marks on their head, we didn't
:04:21. > :04:27.expect them. We notice they started to explore rather dangerously and
:04:27. > :04:34.they fell out of the nest. Here is mum picking one up. She picks up
:04:34. > :04:40.another one in a minute. Another one came tumable out. Watch
:04:40. > :04:46.carefully, that one disappear, mum has a look. But we need not have
:04:46. > :04:53.worried because again, they are so precocious, they can walk back up
:04:53. > :05:00.into the nest. As I say, only a few hours out of the egg there.
:05:00. > :05:05.They are all snuggled up in the sunlight. Another one out! And both
:05:05. > :05:11.parents very active nearby, there is a little picture of domestic bliss,
:05:11. > :05:15.one adult preening the other, just brooding those little chicks.
:05:15. > :05:18.Absolutely beautiful. We are so glad that didn't happen over the weekend,
:05:18. > :05:23.because nobody really knows how long they stay in the nest, it is thought
:05:23. > :05:27.that maybe a day, possibly two, and if that had happened tomorrow, we
:05:27. > :05:31.wouldn't be able to show you it live on television. Let us see if they
:05:31. > :05:37.are there, live, right now. Well, one of the parents is sitting
:05:37. > :05:43.down. We can't see any of the chicks. There is something I wanted
:05:43. > :05:47.to ask you Chris, why are the chicks black? All other ground nesting
:05:47. > :05:50.birds have chicks that blend into the surroundings and they stick out.
:05:51. > :05:54.It is a good question and a different one. I have been thinking
:05:54. > :05:59.about it all day and talking to researches and we have scoured the
:05:59. > :06:05.literature as it were. Some people think they are black to be
:06:05. > :06:08.camouflaged. That doesn't wore for me. . Nor me.You would think they
:06:08. > :06:14.would be brown coloured, like many ground nesting birds. I don't buy
:06:14. > :06:18.into that one. I think that these are water bird that don't get wet.
:06:18. > :06:21.These young birds don't have an active preen gland, so if they get
:06:21. > :06:25.wet they can't oil their down to keep them dry, so I reckon if they
:06:25. > :06:30.fall in the water, which as we have seen they are likely to do, they go
:06:30. > :06:35.into the sun and the black plume imagine allows them to warm up
:06:35. > :06:39.quickly, so it Stefan Koubek a thermal thing. Then there is the red
:06:39. > :06:46.spot. What is that? Again, this is something that is common in all
:06:46. > :06:49.rail, they all have moor hen, bald as a coot, it is because the
:06:50. > :06:53.youngsters have naked red heads. We think that because they have a black
:06:53. > :06:57.body, which is none December ciept, possibly because they want to stay
:06:57. > :07:04.warm if they get wet, they need a target for the parents to see when
:07:04. > :07:08.they want to feed them. So perhaps that patch on the head, is focussing
:07:08. > :07:11.the parents' attention to they had and the beak of the bird. I had
:07:11. > :07:16.another slight thought and that was, if they were in the sun and black
:07:16. > :07:20.they would get too hot, so the sparse plumes on the head, and the
:07:20. > :07:25.red colour, could be can pillories and they could be losing heat
:07:25. > :07:30.through I now we are offering pure conjecture. It is interesting, but
:07:30. > :07:34.all rails are black. What a success story, how fantastic to see these
:07:34. > :07:42.birds out. They have always been vulnerable as they are ground
:07:42. > :07:47.nesting ing, we have been saying in of the ground nest nesting species
:07:47. > :07:51.are vulnerable. Earlier today our meadow pipits were under attack. We
:07:51. > :07:56.had postulated that weasels and grass snakes were about. The chicks
:07:57. > :08:02.are active. They cower down. And look what arrives.
:08:03. > :08:08.Straight into the nest. A grass snake. And within just seconds it
:08:08. > :08:14.seizes one of the chicks. It is quite an aggressive attack and it is
:08:14. > :08:20.grasping that bird by the head. Grass snakes are not a constricting
:08:20. > :08:24.species, it won't squeeze it, to kill it. It is going to hold it in
:08:24. > :08:30.its jaws and swallow it. That is what it did. It snaked off out. The
:08:30. > :08:33.parents came back, none of the other chicks remained in the nest, we
:08:33. > :08:38.could still see the snake active. By this stage it has swallowed that
:08:38. > :08:42.chick and it is looking for the other, which have scattered into the
:08:42. > :08:47.surrounding vegetation. And the agitated adults, including a
:08:47. > :08:52.stonechat which joined in, came back to mob the snake. The snake came
:08:52. > :09:01.back, and was constantly sniffing round for about 20 minutes at least,
:09:01. > :09:05.round the nest area, looking for the other chicks.
:09:05. > :09:12.They will eat small birds if they happen across them like this, here,
:09:12. > :09:18.as the snake leaves the nest, look very carefully and you can see the
:09:18. > :09:21.tell-tale bulge in its body, where that chick is now resting.
:09:21. > :09:26.Mustn't demonise the grass snake, this snake probably needs to put on
:09:26. > :09:33.some weight because it will be laying egg, but look at this, it got
:09:33. > :09:37.very bold, and started to think about attacking the adults. As well
:09:37. > :09:43.as the youngster, that might look like a disaster, we had a whole nest
:09:43. > :09:48.full of healthy chicks and now we have none, I can tell you it wasn't
:09:48. > :09:51.a complete disaster, because they employed a strategy to protect the
:09:51. > :09:56.remainor of -- remainder of the young. The chicks have to play to
:09:56. > :10:00.win and win is survive. It certainly is. It is fascinating to watch. It
:10:00. > :10:04.looks like a disaster but it is not really. Grass snake gets that one,
:10:04. > :10:10.but watch what the others do, they are old enough now to explode out of
:10:10. > :10:14.the nest. Watch carefully now, one will leap out. It goes out
:10:14. > :10:19.backwards. Straight at the camera that one, I think there is two left
:10:19. > :10:24.in the nest now. What are, the grass snake flicks back into the nest,
:10:24. > :10:28.bashing them. One of them, boldly treads on the snake's back. One more
:10:28. > :10:32.runs out towards the camera, so luckily, they were old enough to
:10:32. > :10:34.escape, that snake will have a real job now, looking for those
:10:35. > :10:38.youngsters because they will be round the nest, but further away, it
:10:38. > :10:43.will hunt round and the parents will be able to continue feeding them. So
:10:43. > :10:46.maybe luckily they were old enough, it is not such a disaster: If they
:10:46. > :10:52.were younger and they couldn't have scattered the snake would have eaten
:10:52. > :10:59.all of them. So the adults will be going back in, they are probe spread
:10:59. > :11:02.in an area of five to six metres and they will be being fed. Amazing
:11:02. > :11:06.behaviour. You have to feel sorry for the chick that got it. You have
:11:06. > :11:12.to. It is about one of those birds perhaps surviving, that is what it
:11:12. > :11:17.is about. To see it was extraordinary. . I have waited a
:11:17. > :11:21.lifetime to see that. We will keep an eye on the live cameras tonight.
:11:21. > :11:26.For anything like that. Who knows, if anything like that happens during
:11:26. > :11:31.the programme, we will try to go to it live and see it live. And you, of
:11:31. > :11:37.course, can follow the cameras, 24 hours a day, a day and night and go
:11:37. > :11:43.hours a day, a day and night and go to our website.
:11:43. > :11:48.Or on red button, they are up all the time. We have got Iolo Williams
:11:48. > :11:54.live with us, and he is going to be looking at a fantastic bird on an
:11:54. > :11:58.extraordinary bird feeding table, he is at a farm about an hour away in
:11:58. > :12:03.is at a farm about an hour away in that direction.
:12:03. > :12:08.Welcome to the farm on a beautiful June evening. Look round me, there
:12:08. > :12:14.is hardly a cloud in the sky. This place is rightly famous, as a
:12:14. > :12:18.feeding station for Wales' national bird. The red kite. Every year, for
:12:18. > :12:23.over 20 years now, Chris Powell and his father before him have fed the
:12:23. > :12:28.birds here, at 2.00 in the afternoon in winter, 3.00 in summer.
:12:28. > :12:38.But a few days ago, for one day only, there was a new kite feeder in
:12:38. > :12:44.
:12:44. > :12:48.So what is so special about red kites? Their impressive wing span
:12:48. > :12:55.and small bodies allow them to float through the air with barely a wing
:12:55. > :13:03.beat. That forked tail, when twisted from side the side, gives them great
:13:03. > :13:09.manoeuvre rabbit. Oman noofrability.
:13:10. > :13:15.I started working for the RSPB back in 1985, if grow saw two or three
:13:15. > :13:20.kites in theary air it was a red letter day. Look at this, surrounded
:13:20. > :13:30.by kite. Some of these birds come here from
:13:30. > :13:34.
:13:34. > :13:40.over 40 miles away. They are here for one thing. Food.
:13:40. > :13:47.Look at this. Coming in to feed with probably 2 hundred kites overhead.
:13:47. > :13:53.An incredible feeling. Kits are mostly scavenger, feeding
:13:53. > :13:55.on the carrion of any small mammal or bird. Raw chicken, beef or lamb,
:13:55. > :14:01.complete with bones and skin, provides them with everything they
:14:01. > :14:08.need. What happens at this farm is not
:14:09. > :14:18.that different to natural feeding that different to natural feeding
:14:19. > :14:20.
:14:20. > :14:25.That was real treat. I reckon if this telly business doesn't work, I
:14:26. > :14:29.will get a new job there! They say not to work with children
:14:29. > :14:33.and animal, I would add tractors on the that list. The birds are fed in
:14:33. > :14:37.the afternoon, and it is the evening now of course, but we have asked
:14:37. > :14:41.Chris to put some food down in the hope we might be able to attract
:14:41. > :14:45.some later on. The history of kites throughout the UK, is like all birds
:14:45. > :14:51.of prey, a sad one, a history of persecution, you go back to the
:14:51. > :14:55.Middle Ages and they were a common bird, 100 years ago they had been
:14:56. > :15:00.hunted in England Scotland and Ireland and a mere handful survived
:15:00. > :15:06.in mid -Wales. Now they were protected, they increased slowly,
:15:06. > :15:12.painfully slow at time, and even when I joined the RSPB in 85 there
:15:13. > :15:16.were maybe 40 to 45 pairs less, left, so scientists decided it was
:15:16. > :15:21.time to rein to produce them back in to their former haunt, one of the
:15:21. > :15:31.areas was into the Chiltern, that was back in 1989 and the early 90s.
:15:31. > :15:33.
:15:33. > :15:39.I wanted to go back there, to see how the birds were getting on.
:15:39. > :15:44.Something special is happening in the skies above in Chinna. The red
:15:44. > :15:48.the skies above in Chinna. The red kite breeding season is underway.
:15:48. > :15:53.Remarkably, across the village, receipt kites are nesting in and
:15:53. > :16:01.around people's gardens. There is a pair settling in at the
:16:01. > :16:09.rektory. -- rectory. In another garden
:16:09. > :16:13.nearby, high up in the branches, a pair of receipt kites is mating.
:16:13. > :16:20.They will meat many times before laying their eggs.
:16:20. > :16:30.It is the fifth day of nesting in the tree. They stay here all year
:16:30. > :16:34.round. The male is easily identified by his left foot.
:16:35. > :16:40.-- it's dangling. With so many kites in the skies, there is a lot of
:16:40. > :16:47.competition for the nest sites. This pair has the best nest scythe in the
:16:47. > :16:54.whole village. With so many kites in town, the male
:16:54. > :17:04.bird sometimes has to defend his territory from rivals.
:17:04. > :17:09.
:17:09. > :17:14.And these sparring matches are spectacular.
:17:14. > :17:21.With talons locked, the tumbling battles sometimes end up with both
:17:21. > :17:27.birds crashing into the ground. Spectacles like this are becoming a
:17:27. > :17:32.part of every day life in this very special village.
:17:32. > :17:38.Well, now there are so many kites down in that area that they are
:17:38. > :17:44.fighting for territories. Now let's have a look at the ling. It is
:17:44. > :17:50.spectacular. What happens is two males come together, they lock
:17:50. > :17:59.talons and cartwheel down. Look at that. I remember being a kite warden
:17:59. > :18:04.in 1989, I saw two males doing this in the sky. They cartwheeled into a
:18:04. > :18:09.tall larch, all the way down through the branches and they separated only
:18:09. > :18:14.as they were about to hit the ground. It an incredible thing for
:18:14. > :18:19.me to watch. Who would have thought, way back in the RSPB days, that I
:18:19. > :18:24.would be seeing kites nesting in people's back gardens? Well, these
:18:24. > :18:30.are what I will be doing later on in the programme.
:18:30. > :18:33.What a fabulous success story, the receipt kites. -- the red kites it
:18:33. > :18:39.is fabulous to see them doing so well.
:18:39. > :18:46.It is. The most common bird then by a long
:18:46. > :18:52.way was the kestrel, but they have crashed. Last week we launched our
:18:52. > :18:58.Springwatch survey with the slogan, kestrel's count. If you go to the
:18:58. > :19:02.website, you will find a guide to kestrels. You can post your
:19:02. > :19:06.sightings. We have had a great response. Over 25,000 people have
:19:06. > :19:12.visited the website. Over 14 sightings that average at one a
:19:12. > :19:16.minute. They come from Sydney, Kazakhstan, the United States and
:19:16. > :19:22.Madagascar. All sorts of people have been posting them. A man running for
:19:22. > :19:29.a train. He missed it but spotted the kestrels and posted it. One,
:19:29. > :19:34.Tiffany, has a kestrel nesting above her bedroom. Another lady was
:19:34. > :19:39.looking out of the window while Springwatch was on, and she posted
:19:39. > :19:48.that too. Gosh! Red kites in the garden, on
:19:48. > :19:54.the window sill, how amazing? ! This week we have you to ground nesting
:19:54. > :20:00.birds, the willow warbler, the stonechat, the grasshopper warbler.
:20:00. > :20:05.If you look here, you could be forgiven for getting them confused.
:20:05. > :20:09.Let's look at the chicks. These are the grasshopper warbler. They are 11
:20:09. > :20:15.days old, there are five of them. They could fledge at the weekend.
:20:15. > :20:20.Here are the willow washlers. They are smaller but also 11 days old.
:20:20. > :20:26.They have the great tufty ears. What about the stonechat? Not sure how
:20:26. > :20:31.many chicks are in there but there is a bake poking out. They are also
:20:31. > :20:37.11 days old. A small chance that they could fledge at the weekend.
:20:37. > :20:44.Now, it is easy to get the chicks and the nests muddled up but not so
:20:44. > :20:51.easy to get the adults muddled up. The grasshopper warbler is streaky
:20:51. > :20:57.brown olive with the light marks on its oil hif-coloured chest. The will
:20:57. > :21:02.willow warbler is not as streaky, a pale yellow chest with yellow
:21:02. > :21:07.tinges, but the stonechat is much browner. The male and the female
:21:07. > :21:11.look different. You can tell them apart. I now know it is confusing
:21:11. > :21:15.when you only see the nests and the chicks.
:21:15. > :21:23.The basic structure of the nests is made of grass and they are in grass.
:21:23. > :21:28.The lining is different. There are feathers' in the stonechat's nest,
:21:28. > :21:32.but the question is that all birds are nesting on the ground, feeding
:21:32. > :21:37.on the same stuff. How do they achieve that? They have to space
:21:37. > :21:42.themselves out it is what we call niche separation. Look at this
:21:42. > :21:47.stonechat. When the bird is foraging it sits on a perch. It is
:21:47. > :21:52.nationalally about 1 metre off the ground. From here it can scan the
:21:52. > :21:58.environment for prey. It will then jump down and grab a hold of it now
:21:58. > :22:06.what about ill willow warblers? They are feeding in the same place but
:22:06. > :22:10.not same structure. They are in the trees, in the bushes. They are
:22:10. > :22:15.gleaning caterpillars here. You can see that this one has found one. So,
:22:15. > :22:18.yes, a similar diet, and yes, nesting in the same place but a
:22:18. > :22:23.different foraging environment. Look at the grasshopper warbler. This is
:22:23. > :22:30.extraordinary. Here is a bird that spends most of its time walking on
:22:30. > :22:34.the ground! It is an honourary mouse this bird. It has a bill of food
:22:34. > :22:39.there but walking around looking for a completely different set of
:22:39. > :22:44.insects. That is why they can all live here, they are catching things
:22:44. > :22:48.that are different it is stalking, even ducking under the grass. Look
:22:48. > :22:55.on the left-handside of the screen, you can see its little head peep out
:22:55. > :23:00.it is looking for grubs that the willow warbler would never find and
:23:00. > :23:06.the stonechat would only find if they came tonne the surface. That is
:23:06. > :23:10.how the niche separation is working. Well, three ground fledgeling birds,
:23:10. > :23:14.they may fledge at the weekend, but this one it is the grasshopper
:23:14. > :23:20.warbler. They don't look active there, do you they? But throughout
:23:20. > :23:26.the day we have seen the largest chick active. He has been preening,
:23:26. > :23:33.stretching, but they are sleeping now but they have had so many feeds.
:23:33. > :23:36.13 feeds between 5.00pm last night and the same between 6.00am and
:23:36. > :23:40.7.00am. I think that they will go. They are
:23:40. > :23:45.a species that leaves the nest before they can fly. Keep your eye
:23:45. > :23:52.on them over the weekend. Now, from birds to bees. It is
:23:52. > :23:58.tempting to think that we know all about the most common things around
:23:58. > :24:04.us, but as this film proves, we actually don't. On a sunny spring
:24:05. > :24:10.day, the meadows, gardens and parks are a hive of activity. Squadrons of
:24:10. > :24:14.bees going about their business. Flitting from flower-to-flower,
:24:14. > :24:19.seemingly at random, but there is method to the madness. You see bees
:24:19. > :24:26.are smarter than you might think. To us a flower inted a delightful array
:24:26. > :24:33.of colour and suss -- subtle scents, but to a bee, it is a kaleidoscope
:24:33. > :24:41.of stimuli. A highway of billboards, advertise advertising -- advertising
:24:41. > :24:46.everything that a bee may need. For over 2,000 years, since Aristotle's
:24:46. > :24:53.time, we have been grappling with the complexity of the relationship
:24:53. > :24:55.between the flowers and the insects. Here they have been unearthing
:24:55. > :25:01.supercharged secrets of the world of bees.
:25:01. > :25:05.There is a host of ways that the flooufr advertise to bees. The --
:25:05. > :25:08.that the flowers advertise to bees. There is the colour, the shape of
:25:08. > :25:12.the flower, the scent that the flower producing and also the
:25:12. > :25:16.texture of the petal. The sheens between the petals.
:25:16. > :25:20.The more that the flowers advertise themselves, the more likely that a
:25:20. > :25:25.bee will be to land on that particular species.
:25:25. > :25:33.The bees get a sugary reward of Nectar. The flower gets to transfer
:25:33. > :25:40.its pollen, to hopefully reproduce, but more recently, Heather
:25:40. > :25:48.discovered that bees can sense a queue on the flowers. She set up an
:25:49. > :25:53.experiment. A colony of bumblebees as access to a flight arena,
:25:53. > :25:58.containing ten identical flowers but there is is a difference. Five
:25:58. > :26:05.contain a sugary drink that the bees love. The other five contain a less
:26:05. > :26:09.appealing drop of quinine. We use identical flowers so that there is
:26:09. > :26:16.no ways that the bees can tell the difference between a flower
:26:16. > :26:22.containing the sugar or the flower containing the quinine. So without a
:26:22. > :26:28.stimulus, do the bees learn which has the reward? If they don't have
:26:28. > :26:35.the stimulus, they will forage randomly, and then be dismayed at
:26:35. > :26:40.the taste of the quinine. But when Heather placed a charge on
:26:40. > :26:50.half of the flowers, only the ones with the sugary reward, their
:26:50. > :26:51.
:26:51. > :26:56.behaviour changed dramatically. What we find is that then the bees
:26:56. > :27:03.start to learn which flowers are worth visiting, ie, they start to be
:27:03. > :27:08.able to learn just to visit the sugar-containing flowers and avoid
:27:08. > :27:14.the quinien flowers. So this tells us that the bee can without landing
:27:14. > :27:19.on the flower, tell whether it is charged or no.
:27:19. > :27:24.Bees' senses are sensitive and attune to floral queues, but the
:27:24. > :27:29.fact that they were this sensitive to electric fields was not known
:27:29. > :27:35.before. We repeated the experiment many times to check that this was
:27:35. > :27:40.happening. We were that surprised. So we know without a doubt that bees
:27:40. > :27:44.condetect electric fields but what does this have to do with flowers
:27:44. > :27:50.and bees? A lot. A bee is positively charged as it
:27:50. > :27:54.flies through the air. So like a car or plane it gain as positive charge.
:27:54. > :27:58.The flower is grounded in the soil but growing in the atmosphere is
:27:58. > :28:04.negatively charged. When the two charged objects meet
:28:04. > :28:08.magic happens. Back in the bee lab all is revealed.
:28:08. > :28:13.The charge passing through the flower is measured on a scope.
:28:13. > :28:18.Without bees present it remains at a constant level. When a bee
:28:18. > :28:23.approaches the flower you can see that things change.
:28:23. > :28:33.The positively charged bee causes the charge on the flower to
:28:33. > :28:33.
:28:33. > :28:39.fluctuate, but only briefly. But if the bee lands, the circuit is
:28:39. > :28:43.complete and the bee's electric field discharges on to the flower,
:28:43. > :28:48.affecting the flower's electric field for a longer period, up to a
:28:48. > :28:54.minute or two and other bees may use this information to their advantage.
:28:54. > :29:03.When a bee lands on a flower and drinks the Nectar it leaves queues
:29:03. > :29:07.to the pollinators, both scent marks and electrical queue queues that
:29:07. > :29:12.let's other pollinators know that the flower has been visited and
:29:12. > :29:18.probably does not have Nectar. So a flower with an auto charge is
:29:18. > :29:23.likely a flower without food. The savvy bees learn to fly by,
:29:23. > :29:29.optimising their foraging strategy and saving vital energy to find a
:29:29. > :29:34.more suitable flower. Now that is clever.
:29:35. > :29:38.What a fantastic bit of research. That was really clear. That shows
:29:39. > :29:43.that the bees are a handful of animals that have that electric
:29:43. > :29:50.sense, they can detect electric fields. On a personal note, I would
:29:50. > :29:55.like to say, by coincidence, my son, Alexander, works in that laboratory.
:29:55. > :30:00.Proud dad! Any way, it goes to show that there is still fascinating
:30:00. > :30:07.things to discover about even some of our most familiar creatures, like
:30:07. > :30:12.the bees. Now we all know that honey bees are in trouble, and bumblebees,
:30:12. > :30:17.but there is something you can do, especially with the bumblebee. You
:30:17. > :30:22.can build a bumblebee home. There are instructions on how to do that
:30:22. > :30:32.in this book let here. You can download the book let with the
:30:32. > :30:35.
:30:35. > :30:39.instructions from the website at: Now, back to micro world.
:30:39. > :30:45.Imagine if you will you have turned into perhaps a little newt, and you
:30:45. > :30:50.have gone in, you have plunged into this cool, watery wonned world here,
:30:50. > :30:55.and you are swimming round, how lovely it would be, but maybe not so
:30:55. > :31:01.lovely, because if you you remember, we discovered there was serious
:31:01. > :31:06.predators down there, including the dragonfly larvae. Now we saw the
:31:06. > :31:12.larva, it is voracious with an explosive jaw, and it can grab hold
:31:12. > :31:16.of things like tadpoles, and this one poor is being sucked away into
:31:16. > :31:23.oblivion. It is like an alien creature, a space creature, would
:31:23. > :31:27.you believe me, if I was to say, there is an even more arguably
:31:27. > :31:33.voracious predator in these waters? Let us have a look at it. This is
:31:33. > :31:39.the great diving beetle. It is, this is the larvae of the
:31:39. > :31:44.great Daiing beetle. Have a look at it. It has extraordinary jaws, like
:31:44. > :31:53.are like needles. It is injecting them into this poor may fly larva.
:31:53. > :31:59.And it is injecting enzymes in, digesting it and turning it into a
:31:59. > :32:03.sort of soup. Sucking it back up, drinking basically, what is the
:32:03. > :32:08.inside of the larva. You can see black dots there. When it is
:32:08. > :32:12.finished sucking out all the juices, it drops it like a crushed crisp
:32:12. > :32:18.packet. Poor thing! Now I am going to take
:32:18. > :32:22.my life in my hands. That was the larva. Here we go. Now this, is the
:32:22. > :32:28.adult great diving beetle. That is what that larva is going to turn
:32:28. > :32:32.into. Chris and I were arguing about it. We don't know whether this has
:32:32. > :32:36.just strong jaws, it could have a go at me. This can fly as well. But
:32:36. > :32:41.they generally, it is thinking about it. But they can generally fly in
:32:41. > :32:46.the evening, so I think we are fairly safe. This is the adult, very
:32:46. > :32:48.carnivorous, great diving beetle. Let us look into its life in more
:32:48. > :32:52.detail. Here we go.
:32:52. > :32:57.There it is. This is still the larva, and there it is. This time it
:32:57. > :33:02.is sucking out the juices from an unfortunate tadpole there. See those
:33:02. > :33:09.jaws again, what happens is the larva disappears out the water, it
:33:09. > :33:15.buries itself in mud, and changes into the adult. This is the adult
:33:15. > :33:20.diving beetle. It is covered in unpleasant film. It looks like
:33:20. > :33:26.mould. It makes it unplaitable to possible predators, this is a
:33:26. > :33:32.female. The stripes on her back told tell you she is female. The male is
:33:32. > :33:36.smooth on his back. You can see the leg, they are very fast. The back
:33:36. > :33:41.legs are modified into flipper, and that allows them to move incredibly
:33:41. > :33:46.quickly through the water. So there is the great diving beetle.
:33:46. > :33:50.All of that has been filmed in our macro lab, right here over the last
:33:50. > :33:57.couple of day, those guys are really delivering. More of that next week.
:33:57. > :34:02.But now, it is back to Iolo and the kites.
:34:02. > :34:08.I am making my way up into one of the many hides that have been built
:34:08. > :34:13.here to accommodate the general public, bird watchers and
:34:13. > :34:16.photographers who come to see the birds being fed. Despite the food is
:34:16. > :34:23.out, there aren't many birds in the air. That is hardly surprising, now
:34:23. > :34:28.is the time they should be settling down, go into roosts, and preen. We
:34:28. > :34:32.have our cameraman who has his lens trained on a buzzard on top of a
:34:32. > :34:36.tree at the moment. Are there any kites or just the buzzard? This is
:34:36. > :34:40.not unusual. What the birds do in the afternoon, the kites
:34:40. > :34:46.particularly, they will perch in trees and wait for the crows to come
:34:46. > :34:50.down, they will wait for the raven, rook, once they know they are
:34:50. > :34:55.feeding it is safe for them to come down. As numbers increase here, and
:34:55. > :34:59.we have huge number, some time, they are moving into new areas and you
:34:59. > :35:04.worry about how they will be accepted there. I went down to the
:35:04. > :35:13.village of Chinnor to meet one resident who is delighted with the
:35:13. > :35:17.new neighbours. There are so many kites here. You
:35:17. > :35:23.don't know where to look next. Despite the fact that I am in the
:35:23. > :35:29.middle of a housing estate, at the top of that pine tree there, is a
:35:29. > :35:33.kite's nest. How incredible is that, it is in one's back garden.
:35:33. > :35:37.-- someone. Lynn and her family moved in five years ago.
:35:37. > :35:41.They have grown used to their unusual neighbours.
:35:41. > :35:46.We are blessed aren't we, to have such wonderful creatures in the
:35:46. > :35:50.garden, so close to us. Most people look out of their window and see
:35:50. > :35:54.bluetits and black birds and sparrow, we look out and this, there
:35:54. > :35:57.is the kite again. This is the same pair of birds we
:35:57. > :36:03.filmed building their nest here earlier in spring.
:36:03. > :36:08.Something wrong with his foot or leg. I am noot sure. We have
:36:08. > :36:12.nicknamed him limpy. This year things haven't gone smoothly or
:36:12. > :36:19.Lynn's neighbours. Their clutch of eggs has failed to hatchment for
:36:20. > :36:23.them, the breeding season is over. A few days ago, we sent a licensed
:36:23. > :36:27.team up the tree to find out what went wrong and they took a couple of
:36:28. > :36:34.photos of the adult -- the egg, a peek inside the nest is very
:36:34. > :36:42.revealing. There are one or two things that
:36:42. > :36:45.belong to you. Is that your dishcloth? Yes.Is it? That is
:36:45. > :36:53.hilarious. What is worst, the second picture, look at this. What is that?
:36:53. > :36:56.Is that a cuddly toy? Yes.Is that a teddy? That is a teddy. How sweet.
:36:56. > :37:02.Best not show the girls they have their toys up there. That is
:37:02. > :37:06.fascinating. What is incredible, there are tales from 3 hundred, 400
:37:06. > :37:13.years ago of kites taking ladies underwear, taking towels and using
:37:13. > :37:17.it to line the nest. Just anything. Anything warm, wool, clothes, sock,
:37:17. > :37:23.cuddly toy. So I will have to climb the tree to get that one. You are on
:37:23. > :37:30.your own with that one. How wonderful would that be, to
:37:30. > :37:36.share your back garden with red kites, it would mean your nuthatch,
:37:36. > :37:39.great spotted woodpeckers and sparrowhawks would pale into
:37:39. > :37:43.insignificance. It is interesting to compare that with the Chilterns, the
:37:43. > :37:48.kites are confide, they are not afraid of the people. In Wales they
:37:48. > :37:52.tend to nest in the more out of the way, the more isolated woodlands,
:37:52. > :37:57.they really do avoid humans. Or maybe it is just the Welsh they
:37:57. > :38:04.don't like! Who knows? They are the come back king, to go for six pairs
:38:04. > :38:09.to over 2,500 pairs, is absolutely remarkable. They were voted the bird
:38:09. > :38:13.of the last 100 years because of this remarkable come back they have
:38:13. > :38:20.made. When you join me later on, I will be looking at whether it is
:38:20. > :38:25.their versatility that is the secret of this bird's successful
:38:25. > :38:30.A red kite nesting in the garden would be pretty smart, but a live
:38:30. > :38:34.rather wail and its chicks on TV isn't bad. This is what we have add
:38:34. > :38:39.the moment. There is a little beak there,
:38:39. > :38:46.peeping out beneath what we presume is the female's beak. She is
:38:46. > :38:50.brooding that group of chick, here we are, there they are.
:38:50. > :38:55.They are going to stay here overnight. The big question will be
:38:55. > :39:00.for those watching over the weekend, will they stay there tomorrow night?
:39:00. > :39:07.The books it says up to 48-hours before they leave. . She is getting
:39:07. > :39:11.up, we can see them. There we are. It is amazing. Fingers cross they
:39:11. > :39:17.will stay until Monday, though it is probably unlikely. They are all
:39:17. > :39:24.coming out now. Look at that. a little yawn. Water rail live on TV
:39:24. > :39:29.isn't as good as half a water rail on your T-shirt. Let us take a look
:39:29. > :39:35.live, at our jackdaw, we have been following this family of jackdaws in
:39:35. > :39:39.the barn, they are in a nest box, there are two chicks and they have
:39:39. > :39:43.been constantly attacked by these invadersers this happened today. It
:39:43. > :39:47.happened three time, in they come. They are having another go at the
:39:47. > :39:53.chicks which are fighting back. But look what happens now.
:39:53. > :39:57.One of the adults comes in, gets rid of them but it gets stuck, in some
:39:57. > :40:01.nesting material, it gets completely tangled. It is struggling to get
:40:01. > :40:06.free. If it can't get oat it is a disaster
:40:06. > :40:11.but thank goodness it escape, but if it hadn't been ab to get out and the
:40:11. > :40:18.intruder had come back in, that could have been the end. It would
:40:18. > :40:23.have been stuck. . Let us sigh what they are doing now, live.
:40:23. > :40:28.They are looking pretty good. In fact, I reckon that is the best we
:40:28. > :40:32.ooh have seen them in ages. It is probably a week before these
:40:32. > :40:40.two chicks fledge, but they are looking strong, healthy, they are
:40:40. > :40:43.feeding well, despite all those attacks. . This drama has elicited
:40:44. > :40:49.the greatest response. I had a tweet at lunchtime who suggested we get up
:40:50. > :40:54.on the roof with an air rifle and every time, I am serious, not the
:40:55. > :40:58.kill them, when they come we take a shot. I am not sure guns on the roof
:40:58. > :41:04.is the answer. If I did, I would have the police on my back. I
:41:04. > :41:09.thissing about this, it is not just this nest of jackdaws, these are
:41:09. > :41:13.highly social animal, there is another nest close to it. It is
:41:14. > :41:19.another nest box, up in the barn. Very close to the nest box which has
:41:19. > :41:25.had this constant attack, and if we go inside that, there is one chick
:41:25. > :41:28.there, being tended by the parent. Let us look at some of the activity
:41:28. > :41:32.that has been go ocean none this nest box.
:41:32. > :41:37.The adults have been in constant attendance, bringing in plenty of
:41:37. > :41:39.food for that youngster. This is when it was young and you
:41:39. > :41:44.can see they are busy visiting the nest, the extraordinary thing is it
:41:44. > :41:49.is just a few metres away, from the nest box which has been constantly
:41:49. > :41:53.Harried by those intruders, yet they have only been in here once or twice
:41:53. > :41:56.and they have only stayed a couple of seconds. You can see that that
:41:56. > :42:00.chick has grown rapidly. It is getting all the food to itself. It
:42:00. > :42:05.is well on its way to fledging. What this suggests is this pair, the one
:42:05. > :42:11.with the one chick is hiring up the social order, and those cheeky
:42:11. > :42:15.intruders don't have the temerity to turf that pair out. That is how it
:42:15. > :42:20.works in jackdaw society. But keep an eye on thompl the weekend. That
:42:20. > :42:26.one might fledge. The others will probably be there on Monday. Another
:42:26. > :42:30.Ood bird that lives in a community are the long tailed tits. They are
:42:30. > :42:39.fabulous looking birds, that build cosy nests, we are going to give you
:42:39. > :42:45.an amazing glimpse into their secret lives.
:42:45. > :42:49.It is mid-April in the valley, a few miles west of Sheffield.
:42:49. > :42:59.For 20 year, scientists from Sheffield university have been
:42:59. > :42:59.
:42:59. > :43:05.studying the secret world of a population of long tailed tits here.
:43:05. > :43:12.They have made some astonishing revelations about the lives of these
:43:12. > :43:18.little birds. As their common name suggest, they
:43:18. > :43:23.have the longest tail in proportion to their body, of any British bird.
:43:23. > :43:28.But they are tiny. Weighing barely nine grammes, which
:43:28. > :43:34.makes them very vulnerable to low temperatures.
:43:34. > :43:40.Despite the cold in the valley, one pair of long tailed tits has started
:43:40. > :43:45.building a nest in a Holly bush. This is the male. And we know he
:43:45. > :43:49.nested in the area last year. However, all his eggs were taken by
:43:49. > :43:55.predators. It is the first time he has paired
:43:55. > :44:00.one this female. She also attempted breeding last
:44:00. > :44:03.year with another partner. But her chicks died because of the cold, wet
:44:03. > :44:09.weather. This year the pressure is on to
:44:09. > :44:17.succeed. Long tailed tit nests are some of
:44:17. > :44:22.the most elaborate of any species in the UK.
:44:22. > :44:27.This pair started building about five days accuse and have created a
:44:27. > :44:33.bag like outer cases of moss and grass and this this case sheep's
:44:33. > :44:39.wool. It is a laborious process, that
:44:39. > :44:44.drains these tiny birds of energy this this cold weather.
:44:44. > :44:50.The different building materials are elab ratsly woven together with silk
:44:50. > :44:55.from spider cocoons. -- elaborately. The female using her
:44:55. > :45:05.beak to unravel the silk into stretchy strands, that act as a
:45:05. > :45:05.
:45:05. > :45:10.binder with other materials. Far from being alone in the valley,
:45:11. > :45:19.the pair is part of a population of long tailed tit, many of which are
:45:19. > :45:23.related to each other. Some of the others are further along
:45:23. > :45:28.with their nest building. They are gathering feathers to line the
:45:28. > :45:36.interior of their nest. This pair have built their nest in a bramble
:45:36. > :45:41.patch, just a metre off the ground. They are bringing in feathers by the
:45:41. > :45:45.beak fful. The male bred successfully last year after three
:45:45. > :45:52.failed attempts but the female is only a year old. It is her first
:45:52. > :45:58.breeding season. They take it in turns to gather
:45:58. > :46:08.feathers from the surrounding wood lank.
:46:08. > :46:12.-- wood lank. No easy task when they are buffeted by a chill wind. It
:46:12. > :46:19.will take up to 2,000 feathers to line the nest and properly insulate
:46:19. > :46:23.it. This is the finishing touch, by the time it is complete, a pair of
:46:23. > :46:33.long tailed tits may have flown up to 700 miles gathering materials for
:46:33. > :46:35.
:46:35. > :46:41.it! After only two weeks of building and lining, the holly tree nest is
:46:41. > :46:47.also finished and the female has laid the first of the ten eggs that
:46:47. > :46:53.will complete her clutch. It's been a Herculean task. It's been a huge
:46:53. > :46:59.expenditure of energy to get this far and yet they successfully faced
:46:59. > :47:03.their first big challenge, but there will be more.
:47:03. > :47:13.The harsh reality is that three-quarters of long tailed tit
:47:13. > :47:20.nests are destroyed by predators. This fate has befallen a nest
:47:20. > :47:27.nearby. The nest has been ripped apart and all of the eggs have been
:47:28. > :47:37.stolen away. The odds are stacked against the
:47:38. > :47:43.
:47:43. > :47:50.holly bush family. Ly. Also the bramble family in survival, but they
:47:50. > :47:53.have a unique strategy to help them cope with what lies ahead.
:47:54. > :48:00.Intimate views there and the second part of that story we will see next
:48:00. > :48:08.week. There is more. Look at this... That is amazing that nest. When you
:48:08. > :48:13.see it in the hand you can see the lychen, and the moss. There is the
:48:13. > :48:22.hole that the birds go in and out of. We have not been in this one...
:48:22. > :48:27.I will be gentle. Michaela but let's see what feathers... That is a
:48:27. > :48:33.handful. There is a pheasant feather, a male
:48:33. > :48:37.pheasant breast feather. Here is is a wood pigeon feather. This plum
:48:37. > :48:42.agenda looks like a duck feather, it could be a mallard feather. This one
:48:42. > :48:48.has been shopping around. There is a tiny blue feather, that has come
:48:48. > :48:53.from, well, that is tricky. It could have come from a duck. A great range
:48:53. > :48:58.of species in that. Up to 2,000 feters in a nest. Amazing and all
:48:58. > :49:06.bit in two weeks. Absolutely gorgeous. Let's check up
:49:06. > :49:11.on a common garden live, our common blackbird. They are doing well. They
:49:11. > :49:16.lost a chick earlier in the week but the rest are looking strong. They
:49:16. > :49:22.have grown a lot, there is a reason for that, they are being fed very
:49:22. > :49:26.well. Look at this, the male comes in it cannot get any more food in
:49:26. > :49:32.that beak. That is an astonishing amount of food! It does not know
:49:32. > :49:37.what to do with it all. The female is looking, thinking I fancy some of
:49:37. > :49:41.that myself. Take some, well, begging from the male, now she is
:49:41. > :49:50.thinking, shall I nab that for myself? Or do the right thing and
:49:50. > :49:54.give it to one of the chicks? Well, it is as the mother's know, the
:49:55. > :50:01.chick got it in the end. She did, but some birds are more
:50:01. > :50:05.equal than others, birds like red kites for instance.
:50:05. > :50:11.Welcome back to the farm here where it is a beautiful evening but the
:50:11. > :50:18.sun is about to dip below the horizon. We have been talking about
:50:18. > :50:23.the resurgence of the red kite. From over half a dozen pairs to over
:50:23. > :50:33.2,500 today. I saw a bird of prey, that is a question I am asked but
:50:33. > :50:38.what was it a bud arred or a red kite. The rule of them is, if it is
:50:38. > :50:43.a view like this it is almost a buzzard. Here are the buzzards on
:50:43. > :50:47.the floor. Here is a buzzard in the air. This is the key, the fairly
:50:47. > :50:51.long wings but the tail is short and rounded. Comparing that to the kite,
:50:51. > :50:55.here it is, very long wings, five-and-a-half feet across and the
:50:56. > :51:01.tail, the long, forked tail. What is interesting here is that the
:51:01. > :51:06.buzzards, they will land to feed. The kites will not. They come down,
:51:06. > :51:11.they skim the surface, they pick up the food and they will travel away
:51:11. > :51:14.with that, feeding on the wing or up in the trees. These kite feeding
:51:14. > :51:18.stations have been very important in kite conservation in Wales.
:51:19. > :51:24.Especially in the winter. They have helped a lot of young birds to
:51:24. > :51:28.survive the harsh where are, but with the birds increasing in areas
:51:28. > :51:38.like the Chilterns, it begs the question, then, do they still need
:51:38. > :51:38.
:51:38. > :51:42.our help today? Ian Carter was involved in the project of
:51:42. > :51:46.introducing kites to the Chilterns in the 1990s.
:51:46. > :51:51.Did did you think that the reintroduction would be this
:51:51. > :51:56.successful, Ian? No, I didn't. A lot of people were pointing to the
:51:56. > :52:00.surviving birds in Mid Wales, saying that the birds need remote wide
:52:00. > :52:05.openen spaces away from people, it turned out to be nothing of the
:52:05. > :52:10.sort. The birds are doing so well, here in a place where there are
:52:10. > :52:18.large numbers of people. So, no, we did not think that 20 years on, we
:52:18. > :52:23.would be thinking of -- talking of in ex-cress of 1,000 birds.
:52:23. > :52:29.It is not surprising that the birds are doing well here. There is a rich
:52:29. > :52:34.range of wildlife. Source of carrion is potential food for a red kite. So
:52:34. > :52:39.there is lots of natural food here for the kites, but in the Chilterns,
:52:39. > :52:43.some residents have been -- become so attached to the kites that they
:52:43. > :52:48.are feeding them every day. It is extraordinary.
:52:49. > :52:53.I can understand why people enjoy being at such close quarters with
:52:53. > :52:59.these wonderful birds but is feeding red kites in your back garden really
:52:59. > :53:02.a good idea? There are mixed views. Some are saying that is unnatural,
:53:02. > :53:07.but on the other hand, people are used to putting food out in their
:53:07. > :53:12.garden for a whole range of other species if it gives people a chance
:53:12. > :53:18.to appreciate the birds close to and bring them into the gardens, in some
:53:19. > :53:23.respects it is maybe no bad thing. Feeding red kites, whetherever you
:53:23. > :53:29.mention that it opens a can of worms. Even in Wales. People say
:53:29. > :53:35.surely it is artificial? But no it is not. Going back to the Middle
:53:35. > :53:40.Ages, red kites would scavenge over middens, picking up rats and mice
:53:40. > :53:46.and rotten meat. They are useful birds. In the Chilterns, the advice
:53:46. > :53:55.that is given is not to feed the birds, but if you do do, put out the
:53:55. > :53:59.right food. Salted meat could kill the birds. They need raw meat with
:53:59. > :54:03.feather, and also bones in there, but the one thing that feeding kites
:54:03. > :54:13.has done is to give us wonderful opportunity to use our slow motion
:54:13. > :54:53.
:54:53. > :54:57.You know what, it is only when you see them in slow motion, close up
:54:57. > :55:02.like that, that you appreciate how agendaile and how elegant that bird
:55:02. > :55:06.is. Let's have a look at that and talk you through some of the
:55:06. > :55:11.features there. Look at them, they will often dive down from a height
:55:11. > :55:17.of five to ten metres, folding back the huge wings. Then as they come
:55:17. > :55:22.down, at the last minute they fan out the wings, fan out that huge
:55:22. > :55:27.long tail. They act as air bricks. Here is one, every feather is
:55:27. > :55:31.rippling on its back. Stunning birds. The sun is shining off the
:55:31. > :55:35.rusty red tail and somehow they avoid colliding with each other.
:55:36. > :55:41.They are absolutely amazing birds. Look at that, aren't they beautiful?
:55:41. > :55:46.What is odd is that there have been so many people involved in kite
:55:46. > :55:53.conservation over 100 years, my role has been minuscule but when I see
:55:53. > :56:00.the kites recolonise, it does make fee feel incredibly proud.
:56:00. > :56:07.Lovely. Thank you very much, Jonno. One thing, we are having that very,
:56:07. > :56:11.very slow motion rar, the high-speed camera, here with us next week to
:56:11. > :56:17.try to capture some unusual behaviour. So let's go quickly now
:56:17. > :56:23.to the live cameras. Here with are with the water rail. Look at that.
:56:24. > :56:29.Snuggling down for the night underneath mum. That must abhigh
:56:29. > :56:38.light of Springwatch this series. So maizing to see.
:56:38. > :56:42.They look terribly perk perky -- That must be a height light this
:56:42. > :56:47.season, amazing to see. Now the redstart. This is a big
:56:47. > :56:53.brood. Eight chicks in there. They have been fed really well. They are
:56:53. > :56:56.growing. Amazing really. At the West end of the week we still have all of
:56:56. > :57:01.the chicks. Thinking of all of the chicks that
:57:01. > :57:07.will be fledging over the next few days, these could be the last to go.
:57:07. > :57:12.Here we are... Look that yellow gape! We have nearly come to the end
:57:12. > :57:18.of week two. We are back for week three on Monday at 8.00pm, but it
:57:18. > :57:28.has been an incredible week. A lot of excitement. Lots of drama, a few
:57:28. > :57:28.
:57:28. > :58:22.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 54 seconds
:58:22. > :58:26.surprises and a bit of science. Great. We are keeping an eagle eye
:58:26. > :58:31.on our nest over the weekend. Especially the water rail nest. What
:58:31. > :58:35.is going to happen? Hopefully they will pull through. We will learn new
:58:35. > :58:42.science by watching them. And coming up next week, we are
:58:42. > :58:47.looking at urban gulls. The city dwellers and also one of Britain's
:58:47. > :58:53.beautiful mammals by far, foxes. Keep watching the cameras online.
:58:53. > :58:57.That is the place to go. Watch for Springwatch Extra. We are back on