:00:08. > :00:17.It's been a gorgeous day here at Sherborne. Chicks are thriving,
:00:18. > :00:21.gliding and our kingfishers are diving. So why not join us for the
:00:22. > :00:23.very best of British wildlife? It's Springwatch and I can promise you
:00:24. > :00:50.that it will be really... Hello and welcome to Springwatch
:00:51. > :00:54.2017. It's the penultimate day from the National Trust Sherborne Park
:00:55. > :00:58.estate in Gloucestershire and it is a fantastic evening. We have been
:00:59. > :01:03.very much enjoying our time here, we have a great mix of habitats, the
:01:04. > :01:06.Sherborne brook which runs clear and clean, full of fish and all the
:01:07. > :01:09.birds which feed upon them. You have the pasture fields with some of the
:01:10. > :01:18.most magnificent parkland trees I have seen in a long time, beautiful
:01:19. > :01:20.old oaks. Blocks of woodland with many species, particularly when you
:01:21. > :01:23.have all of this lush undergrowth. We have come here with a different
:01:24. > :01:26.mission, not a nature reserve but worked farmland and we are finding
:01:27. > :01:31.plenty of wildlife coexisting with all those practices.
:01:32. > :01:35.It is a beautiful place and it has been a beautiful day. As we are
:01:36. > :01:39.sitting here on our picnic blankets by the river, we are missing one
:01:40. > :01:43.thing, a little picnic basket with some cheesy biscuits, cashew nuts, a
:01:44. > :01:49.bottle of Chardonnay, that would be nice. Chardonnay?! Note for
:01:50. > :01:54.tomorrow! Do you not like it? About not drinking at the moment. Hot
:01:55. > :01:59.chocolate for you. Let's look at the live cameras,
:02:00. > :02:02.starting with the swallows. I think they are looking cramped. They are
:02:03. > :02:09.ready to go. They have outgrown that nest. I might stick my neck out and
:02:10. > :02:14.say fledging tomorrow. It could easily be. What about the wagtails?
:02:15. > :02:18.This is the first time we have seen them properly, their feathers are
:02:19. > :02:22.coming through, you can see their true colours, some yellow in their
:02:23. > :02:25.breast and their brows. These animals are growing very, very
:02:26. > :02:32.quickly. What about the kites? Always looking
:02:33. > :02:36.gorgeous in this light is the son comes dappling through the leaves of
:02:37. > :02:39.the tree. I know lots of you are living the kites, but let's look at
:02:40. > :02:47.what they were up to a couple of hours ago. Look at what they are
:02:48. > :02:51.eating. I am afraid to say that it is an adult stoat. We know it is an
:02:52. > :02:56.adult because it is a black tip on the end of its tail, we think it is
:02:57. > :03:04.probably carry on, probably roadkill because it was a little bit rigid.
:03:05. > :03:10.-- we think this is probably carrion. I would say, don't worry,
:03:11. > :03:15.it is not our stoat. I have nothing to prove that, nothing! Except I
:03:16. > :03:19.will keep my fingers crossed. I know they have to feeds, but we don't
:03:20. > :03:24.encourage them eating our star characters.
:03:25. > :03:29.I am not sure. Was it rigid, did it have rigor mortis? Could you imagine
:03:30. > :03:33.a kite taking a stoat? It would be a massive battle. It is most likely
:03:34. > :03:37.roadkill. Another nest we have been watching this week, you can see
:03:38. > :03:42.where it is buying me, bathed in sunlight, that beautiful Cotswold
:03:43. > :03:51.stone building, one of the Barnes has a red's nest. I should say it
:03:52. > :03:57.had, because it is empty. This afternoon, the wrens started to
:03:58. > :04:00.leave. We thought they were on the brink of fledging yesterday, they
:04:01. > :04:04.all left rather quickly, six minutes from the first to the last. If
:04:05. > :04:10.you're counting carefully you will know that only five merged. What
:04:11. > :04:14.happened to the sixth chick? We think it probably fell all fledged
:04:15. > :04:18.during the course of the night. The adult came back always confused by
:04:19. > :04:22.the fact that the young have gone, then she hears them calling, their
:04:23. > :04:27.little contact call. They have space themselves around the barn, that is
:04:28. > :04:36.the purpose of getting out of the nest, if a predator arrives it might
:04:37. > :04:43.get one and not them all in one go. This one is perilously in the open.
:04:44. > :04:46.One of them has settled on top of the roof. Michaela, I have to warn
:04:47. > :04:49.you that when I was down there the other day looking at the village,
:04:50. > :05:01.there are masses of jackdaws down there. Those little wren fledgling
:05:02. > :05:04.'s are a perfect jackdaw burger! Oh, Chris, you pour cold water on a
:05:05. > :05:09.tellers about the jackdaws explanation it is not cold water, it
:05:10. > :05:15.is reality. And the jackdaws have young as well, what about an aah
:05:16. > :05:21.about the jackdaws?! Let's look at the buzzards. We know it is a one
:05:22. > :05:27.chick, a single child. Because of that it has been doing extremely
:05:28. > :05:33.well, growing rapidly, it has had plenty of food. Let's look at it
:05:34. > :05:37.when we first met it. A lot smaller, obviously, it is being fed Wiggly
:05:38. > :05:42.worms. A nice, sticky spaghetti of worms. The rain came and had started
:05:43. > :05:50.to be fed amphibians, followed by small mammals, moles, and after the
:05:51. > :05:54.mole came something quite surprising, because that is a water
:05:55. > :06:03.shrew. We did not know for 100% whether we had them here. We never
:06:04. > :06:07.saw a water shrew, we saw the boom. That is enough! Now we know for sure
:06:08. > :06:13.that there is. As it got older it started to try to fob -- to swallow
:06:14. > :06:18.the food hole, was not always completely successful. It managed it
:06:19. > :06:27.at other times. And look bad, that as a frog in its throat! We are only
:06:28. > :06:32.five minutes in! We think that this is probably a dead pheasants.
:06:33. > :06:37.Because it is a single chick it is being fed extremely well, a huge
:06:38. > :06:41.variety. If you look at it from 15 days ago, it has developed extremely
:06:42. > :06:47.well. Great to see it grow like that. It is getting all the food
:06:48. > :06:50.itself, fairly unusual just have one buzzard, three kites, four kestrels,
:06:51. > :06:55.three barn owls. There is a lot of small mammal prey. The National
:06:56. > :06:59.Trust tellers that last year they had a mail which was servicing two
:07:00. > :07:03.females, it may well have been badgering the time, if that is the
:07:04. > :07:08.case, he was feeding two females in two nests, he was not giving them
:07:09. > :07:10.quite enough to lay enough eggs all proved them properly and they have
:07:11. > :07:16.ended up with a smaller clutch sides. Another nest we have been
:07:17. > :07:21.watching is on the other side of the stage, the blackbirds. We can go to
:07:22. > :07:25.that live. These birds are growing very rapidly as well. They are
:07:26. > :07:31.gaping. One of them has hopped onto the side of the nest. I don't think
:07:32. > :07:35.they are fledging yet. I don't see these going tomorrow. They are doing
:07:36. > :07:39.really, really well, the adults are bringing in masses of food for the
:07:40. > :07:46.five youngsters. This was the mail on Monday when we first introduced
:07:47. > :07:52.you to the nest, look at the eye, it has an injured eye. This was it
:07:53. > :07:55.yesterday, it is weeping pus at this point, clearly deteriorating. The
:07:56. > :08:01.good news is he is still coming in with plenty of food, doing his duty,
:08:02. > :08:04.desperate to get his genes into the next population because I think his
:08:05. > :08:09.time in this is probably coming to an end. A bird with one eye is not a
:08:10. > :08:12.very good idea. If a sparrowhawk passes on the right-hand side, that
:08:13. > :08:17.will be an ex-Black bird, but he has almost in his duty. I thought it
:08:18. > :08:22.looked like an old injury when we first met him, maybe I was wrong.
:08:23. > :08:29.Maybe because he is blind he knocks into twigs and it has caught it
:08:30. > :08:33.again. Picking his scabs?! May be the twigs are picking his scabs?
:08:34. > :08:39.Let's see the chaffinches, one fledged yesterday, did the other two
:08:40. > :08:43.go? On the life nest, we can see it is empty so we had a successful
:08:44. > :08:49.fledging today. Let's look at that. The second chick, spreading its
:08:50. > :08:56.wings, looking ready to jump. At eight or 6am it decided it was time
:08:57. > :09:04.to go, flapping its wings, and I call that a heli fledge. You had
:09:05. > :09:12.semi-fledging, now you have heli fledge?! It looks like a helicopter!
:09:13. > :09:24.The third chick took quite some time, it stepped out of the nest at
:09:25. > :09:30.10:27 and it fledged... Ish. It hung around on the twigs. It was
:09:31. > :09:34.stretching its wings but it was a few hours before it went any
:09:35. > :09:38.further. It is a bit of a concern about that chick, the nest watchers
:09:39. > :09:42.noticed that the adults did not come back for about four I was, it was
:09:43. > :09:49.not fed football hours. Usually they come out, the adults are there and
:09:50. > :09:57.they entice them with food. -- it was not fed for four hours. I think
:09:58. > :10:01.they must have been closed because you could hear them, it was just
:10:02. > :10:04.catching up with the other chicks. Chaffinches are easy to see, many of
:10:05. > :10:08.you will have them in the garden, they feed beneath the feeder when
:10:09. > :10:11.birds have dubbed the seed. Other birds are difficult to see and
:10:12. > :10:15.sometimes when your friend gets to see them you are pretty envious, as
:10:16. > :10:24.the cases here. A couple of weeks ago Martin went to Wales to meet
:10:25. > :10:26.Steve Roberts, a licensed bird wringer, to get his hands on
:10:27. > :10:35.something that I would have loved to have got my hands on. Oh, yes!
:10:36. > :10:43.It is that the top of this skinny pine, and old grows' nest. Lots of
:10:44. > :10:51.the branches are rotten. They are not, they are fine. One of the
:10:52. > :10:55.amazing things about working on the watchers is because of people like
:10:56. > :11:02.Steve, I really get to see things that you would never, ever see in
:11:03. > :11:06.normal life. This is a first for me. Safely in the bag. Well done eggs
:11:07. > :11:24.Umesh Mahtre only three. They are beautiful. -- well done eggs here is
:11:25. > :11:32.a rare treat, pure natural history magic. I have never seen one of
:11:33. > :11:37.these before in my life. Oh, can you see inside their?! Can you see what
:11:38. > :11:49.we have got? Do you know what those are? That is three law needs -- long
:11:50. > :11:55.eared owl chicks. But clacking noise, he's threatening me, snapping
:11:56. > :12:01.his beak. The eyes exclamation mark fantastic. Let's get them out so
:12:02. > :12:06.that they get some Allah. They are very different sizes. -- let's get
:12:07. > :12:13.them out so they get some air. This one is the biggest one, he hatched
:12:14. > :12:19.first. Over here is the next one, the medium one. This is a little
:12:20. > :12:26.one. They all look pretty good. Let's get Steve down, he can do the
:12:27. > :12:32.processing. Absolutely brilliant, mate. Aren't they amazing?! The most
:12:33. > :12:40.beautiful of all the owls! Absolutely beautiful. What a lovely
:12:41. > :12:45.owl. What will we do to them? We will ring them, we will weigh them.
:12:46. > :12:52.We will take a ring length, which tells us what age they are. -- a
:12:53. > :13:01.wing length. That halons are tremendous, plenty of poker mammal
:13:02. > :13:15.ready. -- their talons are impressive. 2.20, he will survive.
:13:16. > :13:22.248. There was always one! Troublemaker! I am amazed they can
:13:23. > :13:28.get around quite so much. When you think he has never walked before in
:13:29. > :13:34.his life... He is pretty good. If he does it again, he is going in the
:13:35. > :13:40.bag exclamation that is a threat. Crucial question, why? What is the
:13:41. > :13:45.point of putting the rings on them? You can see where it has originated
:13:46. > :13:50.from, how far it has moved. A stack of information if you get the ring
:13:51. > :13:56.back. If you get enough back to make it worthwhile. I read that a long
:13:57. > :14:01.eared owl was recovered 3300 kilometres away in Russia. It does
:14:02. > :14:06.not surprise me. They can do long-distance migration. This one is
:14:07. > :14:13.nothing but trouble. Lovely job. All done, back in the nest.
:14:14. > :14:23.That is one back in. And another. All safely back. Brilliant.
:14:24. > :14:28.Dear, oh dear! What a lucky chap, getting your hands on long eared
:14:29. > :14:33.owls, what a lucky job. I am envious. He will not be very envious
:14:34. > :14:41.of me. I have an adult long eared owl. This is quite an old bird, 13
:14:42. > :14:48.years old, called tests, it is male, I know that is confusing, but it is.
:14:49. > :14:53.-- called Tess. It has been rescued and brought in from the barn owl
:14:54. > :14:56.Centre. They are quite small owls, look at the eyes, bright orange. You
:14:57. > :15:01.can see the black markings around the face. And the tufty years,
:15:02. > :15:07.although they are not actually years. They are purely the
:15:08. > :15:13.decoration. That is why it is called the long eared owl. It only weighs
:15:14. > :15:18.about 200 grams, quite late, which I'm grateful for. Absolutely
:15:19. > :15:23.gorgeous. Stunning. We are so lucky to see it because these owls are
:15:24. > :15:27.very shy, very nocturnal, not easily seen. We are lucky to see the
:15:28. > :15:32.adults. Martin was very lucky to see the chicks. I am pleased to tell you
:15:33. > :15:39.that we know that all three of them successfully fledged and can be
:15:40. > :15:41.heard in the woods making a squeaky door call. If you don't know what
:15:42. > :15:43.that sounds like, Martin does a remarkably good impression.
:15:44. > :15:56.IMPERSONATE SQUEAKY DOOR. That does sound like a squeaky door,
:15:57. > :16:04.although actually it is more like a squeaky gate. Oh! That is a bit high
:16:05. > :16:12.pitched. My little friend Tess is not impressed. They are nocturnal
:16:13. > :16:16.and they also hunt in woodland. There are about 3500 pairs in the UK
:16:17. > :16:23.and they are scattered all across, in the north of Scotland and a few
:16:24. > :16:27.down south West. They have to find a way of separating themselves from
:16:28. > :16:35.tawny owls. First, they nest in different places and tawny owls need
:16:36. > :16:40.older trees. What we see is the long years owls in young woodland, but
:16:41. > :16:45.the tawny owls need older woodland so they have got crevices with deep
:16:46. > :16:52.holes like these, just these trees on the Sherborne Park estate. Last
:16:53. > :17:00.night during our badger can we saw a tawny owl and one of its young. Over
:17:01. > :17:04.time the fortunes in terms of the UK population of these long eared owls
:17:05. > :17:09.has gone up and down in relation to tawny owls. Basically they do not
:17:10. > :17:14.get on. When the tawny owl population was decreased in the 19th
:17:15. > :17:21.century due to persecution, the long eared owls went up. Tawny owls are
:17:22. > :17:24.much larger and it is likely they predate these birds, or certainly
:17:25. > :17:30.take the young out of their nest. There is not enough isolation for
:17:31. > :17:35.both of them to live in the same place at the same time. That is the
:17:36. > :17:40.tawny owl and the long eared owl, but what about the little owl and
:17:41. > :17:46.the barn owl? They found their niche by adapting to live alongside us.
:17:47. > :17:50.This is the little owl and we have a few on the estate, about five or six
:17:51. > :17:55.pairs. They make the most of the buildings on the farms and here you
:17:56. > :18:01.can see it hunting for worms. Barn owls also make the most of farm
:18:02. > :18:06.buildings, as you know we have them nesting in the barn. But they hunt
:18:07. > :18:12.at night and predominately on small mammals. Voles are favourite. A long
:18:13. > :18:16.association with barn owls and Barnes is how they got their name
:18:17. > :18:22.and before that they would have nested on cliffs and in hollow
:18:23. > :18:27.trees. We have got one and we can go live to its nest now. We have got
:18:28. > :18:32.three young in the nest. The largest is on the left-hand side. Huddled
:18:33. > :18:38.together in the middle is the youngest one. One is smaller than
:18:39. > :18:43.the others. The adult female bird was out for 11 hours yesterday. It
:18:44. > :18:50.came back last night as we saw. Soon after she arrived back, the chicks
:18:51. > :18:55.were ravenous. They were hissing and demanding food. Nothing for 11
:18:56. > :19:01.hours. The mail soon came in and started bringing food for the
:19:02. > :19:06.female. First there is a vole. The second largest chick gets this one.
:19:07. > :19:12.Already these birds are swallowing them whole. Please do not try this
:19:13. > :19:19.at home, not without significant lubrication! I am not sure if this
:19:20. > :19:24.is a common shrew or a pygmy shrew. The good news, is that your owl has
:19:25. > :19:31.got the perfect package when it comes to pray. . This is a
:19:32. > :19:36.practising looking at things with its head on the side. They are
:19:37. > :19:44.beginning to exercise their senses. Listing as well. Those are the hen
:19:45. > :19:50.feathers. This is telling. This is the line-up. The one on the right is
:19:51. > :19:59.the largest. Look at the difference in size between that and the
:20:00. > :20:02.smallest one in the middle. We said the other night we were offering a
:20:03. > :20:06.prediction of how many items they would need in the box every night
:20:07. > :20:14.and last night how many did they have? Was it eight? Before that they
:20:15. > :20:18.had nine and ten. They will have to keep that number up to keep them
:20:19. > :20:23.going. I do not think I have ever seen such a size difference in barn
:20:24. > :20:30.owls. That is ridiculous. As long as food comes in, it has a time. We
:20:31. > :20:35.have also got a runt in the kestrel nest. This one I am not so worried
:20:36. > :20:40.about the cause this one is a little fighter. Look at the light coming
:20:41. > :20:47.into the church. Let's have a look at it during the daytime. Every time
:20:48. > :20:55.the adult comes in, the little one is the first in line to have a bite.
:20:56. > :21:02.It is a feisty, spirited, little thing. Maybe a small owl, but it has
:21:03. > :21:08.got a big attitude. Kestrel. I was staring at my owl on my arm, so I
:21:09. > :21:14.got confused. I am not concerned about this kestrel, I think it will
:21:15. > :21:20.do OK. It is much smaller, but it will fight for every scrap it can
:21:21. > :21:25.get. We have been watching them and each time food is brought in, it has
:21:26. > :21:30.managed to get some. They may squabble during the day, but then
:21:31. > :21:34.they soon settle down. This is when you can see the size difference. It
:21:35. > :21:39.looks like Billy bunter on the right. But it looks like Billy
:21:40. > :21:47.bunter with jaundice. It is unusually yellow. I do not mean the
:21:48. > :21:52.stuff around his nose, it is the flesh which is unusual. Maybe the
:21:53. > :21:56.audience will know what it is about if you are breeding kestrels. If you
:21:57. > :22:01.see yellow on a bird's skin it is because there is fat underneath it.
:22:02. > :22:06.Let us know what is going on with our yellow kestrel. We have been
:22:07. > :22:14.following the fortunes of some egrets in Sussex and it will be
:22:15. > :22:22.interesting to see whether they can actually fledge in this weather.
:22:23. > :22:32.Spring has finally come to Somerset and the waterways are fringed with
:22:33. > :22:43.Iris while along the fields other plant stand sentinels. Height in the
:22:44. > :22:49.canopy of the home poker, amongst a rowdy rabble of grey herons and
:22:50. > :22:56.rucks lies our little egret nest. In it are four fast-growing chicks.
:22:57. > :23:03.Finding enough food for these hungry manners is a full-time job. It is
:23:04. > :23:12.time for a shift change. One parent will look after the nest whilst the
:23:13. > :23:17.other flies off in search of food. Unlike their colonial nests, feeding
:23:18. > :23:29.is a solitary pursuit for the egrets and each has their own preferred
:23:30. > :23:32.area out on the levels. They are not fussy eaters, small fish, amphibians
:23:33. > :23:49.or insects are all on the menu. It is a game of patience, skill and
:23:50. > :23:56.timing and even then Emile is not guaranteed. The favourite tactic is
:23:57. > :24:02.to slowly wade through the shallow waters looking for any sign of
:24:03. > :24:06.movement. Perhaps a bit of a foot staring might help by extending one
:24:07. > :24:09.leg forward and vibrating it for a few seconds some prey might just be
:24:10. > :24:25.lowered out. Success. But providing enough food
:24:26. > :24:45.for the hungry chicks will take more than this small snack.
:24:46. > :24:54.Back at the nest the meal is regurgitated for the chicks straight
:24:55. > :24:58.onto the nest flora. It is a relentless schedule. Every day the
:24:59. > :25:07.parents complete up to ten foraging trips, allowing the chicks to grow
:25:08. > :25:11.up to 25% larger every 24 hours. But life can be tough year. Despite
:25:12. > :25:15.their best efforts, one of the chicks has disappeared. It may have
:25:16. > :25:22.starved as the parents struggled to find food in the early spring, or it
:25:23. > :25:27.could have been a tragic accident. Chicks are known to fall from their
:25:28. > :25:35.nest. And for the three remaining chicks things are about to get
:25:36. > :25:43.worse. After one of the driest spring is on record, a storm has
:25:44. > :25:49.blown in over the colony. As the rain lashes down, the parents
:25:50. > :25:54.desperately try to cover the chicks. Their soft, downy feathers are not
:25:55. > :26:01.yet waterproof and if left exposed, the chicks could freeze. It is going
:26:02. > :26:12.to be a long night, even with the mother and father's devoted
:26:13. > :26:15.protection. Thankfully the next morning three spindly sets of legs
:26:16. > :26:25.can be seen clambering out of the nest. Storm over, it is time to dry
:26:26. > :26:30.off in front of an engrossed audience. Some stretching and a bit
:26:31. > :26:35.of flapping does the trick. Over the next few weeks these exercises
:26:36. > :26:38.become more and more important, building up the newly developed
:26:39. > :26:46.muscles and allowing the chicks a degree of freedom in the branches.
:26:47. > :26:54.At four weeks old and they still cannot fly, so one false step could
:26:55. > :27:00.be disastrous. But as the weeks pass, they become increasingly
:27:01. > :27:05.confident. For these early birds it looks like the gamble has paid off
:27:06. > :27:11.with three healthy chicks weeks ahead of the colony. They must now
:27:12. > :27:16.learn how to fly, hunt for themselves and find their own patch
:27:17. > :27:24.and maybe push the little egret colonisation of the UK one step
:27:25. > :27:30.further. The gamble for the early nest did pay off and the chicks are
:27:31. > :27:36.doing pretty good. They are still doing well, this was just last week.
:27:37. > :27:40.You can see plenty of birds in the trees in the colony. We think these
:27:41. > :27:46.are our three. It is very difficult to tell. They are less ungainly than
:27:47. > :27:52.they were. They are flapping their wings and testing those flight
:27:53. > :27:57.muscles. Even when they fledge from the trees the adults will be with
:27:58. > :28:01.them for quite awhile until they are totally capable of fishing for
:28:02. > :28:06.themselves. But great to see they are doing well. Boosting the
:28:07. > :28:11.population up to 700 pairs, something like that. There may be
:28:12. > :28:15.more next year. There are others in the colony as well and they are
:28:16. > :28:18.doing well. If you have been watching, you will
:28:19. > :28:22.know there is a great deal of variety when the egg hatches and
:28:23. > :28:30.what a chick looks like. Sometimes they are born blind, pink and
:28:31. > :28:34.helpless. We call them altricial, they are incapable of movement and
:28:35. > :28:39.not capable of looking after themselves. The word is Latin and it
:28:40. > :28:45.means the adults have to provide them with a lot of nourishment.
:28:46. > :28:48.However, other chicks are precocial and it means they are perfectly
:28:49. > :28:53.capable of moving around by themselves as soon as they hatch.
:28:54. > :28:57.That is like a precocious child that runs around a lot and is quite a
:28:58. > :29:06.show off and slightly irritating estimation mark more irritating than
:29:07. > :29:10.boring. That is true. Let's have a look at some of our altricial
:29:11. > :29:18.chicks. These are the swallows. They weigh less than two grounds. They
:29:19. > :29:24.are helpless. Naked, eyes closed and not very well developed. These are
:29:25. > :29:30.the bullfinches. Although they are active, they are largely helpless.
:29:31. > :29:37.Those are the altricial chicks. What about the precocial chicks? They are
:29:38. > :29:44.mainly water birds. We saw this last year. As soon as they come out of
:29:45. > :29:49.the eggs, they are up and about. They are in a group following both
:29:50. > :29:51.adults, these shell ducks. We have all seen them on ponds, rivers and
:29:52. > :30:00.lakes. Look at this little Good which has
:30:01. > :30:07.just come out of the egg and it is off. We saw the ring to blow the
:30:08. > :30:15.last year, it is literally out and running to the verges for cover --
:30:16. > :30:18.we saw this winged plover. The different strategies are about
:30:19. > :30:22.parental investment and when you make that. If the female bird is
:30:23. > :30:27.able to put resources into the egg so it can deliver more fully --
:30:28. > :30:32.develop more fully than it can do that, some birds cannot do that,
:30:33. > :30:37.such as swallows. If this is an altricial birds egg, the typical
:30:38. > :30:43.Birdseye, it comes with a limited amount of resources in terms of and
:30:44. > :30:48.proteins. The precocial is represented by Scotch the egg, it is
:30:49. > :30:51.the same type of egg with added value, the sausage meat, the
:30:52. > :30:58.potential extra energy and protein. Real birds don't add sausage meat,
:30:59. > :31:05.they do it by having a yard chip yoke relative to the size of the
:31:06. > :31:11.egg. It is not the size of the egg, it is the size of the yolk. 20% of
:31:12. > :31:18.starving egg is made of yolk, it is only bad that much energy to get a
:31:19. > :31:22.bird to this size. Black headed gulls, 30% is yolk. Then properly
:31:23. > :31:26.precocial birds like the tufted duck, 40%, to write as much as the
:31:27. > :31:31.Starling, meaning it can emerge from the egg and be a lot more
:31:32. > :31:40.independent. Just out of interest, this Australian species has 50% yolk
:31:41. > :31:43.in its eggs. This is quite an unusual bird, the mail looks after
:31:44. > :31:46.about 30 eggs, it cooks them in a sort of compost heap. When they
:31:47. > :31:51.hatch, they are mobile within an hour and can virtually fly within a
:31:52. > :31:57.day. They are pretty much the ultimate precocial birds. Brown
:31:58. > :32:01.Kiwis beat them, 70% yolk, when they emerge they are virtually a mini
:32:02. > :32:04.version of the adults, just a shrunken form. They come out almost
:32:05. > :32:12.perfectly, they cannot fly but looked just like an adult. That is
:32:13. > :32:16.fascinating. Being an altricial birds is a gamble when it comes to
:32:17. > :32:20.predation. This is in week one, basically you are putting all your
:32:21. > :32:27.eggs in one basket. We saw this with the Swallow nest and the jackdaw.
:32:28. > :32:33.Once a bird finds the nest, it will clean the whole thing out. It is
:32:34. > :32:40.like a Lada, those chicks are not capable of escaping. It is a Ritz --
:32:41. > :32:43.a risky strategy. Precocial birds, the Peregrine has predated on the
:32:44. > :32:49.little duckling, but because they can scatter, they are not all the
:32:50. > :32:55.eggs in one basket, although it's got the one duckling, the others
:32:56. > :33:00.probably got away. What would you be? I think I'm definitely
:33:01. > :33:06.precocial, I think you are more altricial. You are more precocious,
:33:07. > :33:09.no doubt about that. I will go more altricial, there is a loose
:33:10. > :33:13.relationship but it is a loose relationship between brain size
:33:14. > :33:17.relative to body mass and whether you are altricial or precocial. At
:33:18. > :33:21.the point of hatching, altricial birds have a smaller brain which
:33:22. > :33:24.ultimately grows larger. Precocial birds have to hatch with a more
:33:25. > :33:32.developed brain because they need to be independent and have their senses
:33:33. > :33:34.to be working, they need to hear and see and affect locomotion, they
:33:35. > :33:37.start with a bigger brain but by the time they are an adult their brain
:33:38. > :33:42.size is smaller relative to body size. I think you are right egg
:33:43. > :33:46.formation archiving your brain just seems to get bigger and bigger and
:33:47. > :33:51.bigger, and your memory, and I think my memory gets smaller and smaller
:33:52. > :33:56.as I get older. There is a fade from my curve, I had to tell you. Here at
:33:57. > :34:00.Sherborne, as we said at the beginning, there are lots of
:34:01. > :34:05.habitats such as Woods, hedges, grass and farmland, the River
:34:06. > :34:08.binders, but to get to know any of those habitats intimately you need
:34:09. > :34:13.to spend lots of time in them. What better way than to find out about
:34:14. > :34:21.what is going on in a river than to be a river keeper?
:34:22. > :34:29.The favourite time to be on the river, I think, is very early in the
:34:30. > :34:33.morning, just after daybreak. Everything is fresh, you often have
:34:34. > :34:37.the mist still hanging in the Meadows, nothing much is moving so
:34:38. > :34:54.you get true tranquillity of being on a river.
:34:55. > :35:02.I'm Rob, I am river keeper on the River Kennet at Hungerford. I have
:35:03. > :35:06.been here for 26 years now. I grew up on the banks of the Hampshire
:35:07. > :35:10.Avon, all our spare time as children was spent in the water meadows,
:35:11. > :35:15.fishing, swimming, that was the playground. It is through those
:35:16. > :35:16.early years in that environment that I grew to love rivers and all that
:35:17. > :35:30.they stand for. Trout spawn late winter, early
:35:31. > :35:37.spring. They lay their eggs in a gravel depression which they
:35:38. > :35:44.excavate with their tails. Eggs are very high in protein and
:35:45. > :35:49.they tend to be predated on by others. Trout or Grayling,
:35:50. > :35:54.particularly ducks as well. One of the strangest little creatures we
:35:55. > :35:59.have on the River lives its whole life within the river here. When
:36:00. > :36:05.they become sexually mature, they will move out onto a clean gravel
:36:06. > :36:11.area in the spring, mate, lay their eggs and then die. In spring,
:36:12. > :36:15.everything comes back to life and the river is no different. It goes
:36:16. > :36:20.from looking quite dour to actually being very colourful and very
:36:21. > :36:24.beautiful. Not only visually does the river change, but you begin to
:36:25. > :36:30.get all the birdsong of the litter -- of the returning migrants.
:36:31. > :36:37.Warblers love to nest in the reads very close here.
:36:38. > :36:42.Then you get the willow warbler is returning with their little
:36:43. > :36:50.descending song. Within a week or two Mark Rutte you go from a very
:36:51. > :36:53.quiet environment -- within a week or two, you go from a very quiet
:36:54. > :37:00.environment quite noisy one. They sit in the and chat at you. One of
:37:01. > :37:05.the most important jobs in managing the river is woodcutting. If a river
:37:06. > :37:09.gets too full of weeds, it will back up and the banks will become eroded.
:37:10. > :37:13.If you allow the banks to become eroded, the river becomes overly
:37:14. > :37:19.wide, the flow down the river is lost in the whole environment will
:37:20. > :37:24.go downhill. As we move through spring it is
:37:25. > :37:29.fascinating watching the different birds nest. The very early birds
:37:30. > :37:35.tend to be the Swan, followed by the goose and some of the ducks.
:37:36. > :37:38.Gradually you see the moorhens making their nest, the coots will be
:37:39. > :37:43.nesting, there is always something happening. One of our constant
:37:44. > :37:47.companions on the river is the work table. You will often see them
:37:48. > :37:58.perching on a rock, midstream, so that they can catch flies.
:37:59. > :38:10.The mayfly season is the absolute feast of the year on the river. When
:38:11. > :38:14.it starts, every bird, every fish in the river, is leading with abandon.
:38:15. > :38:24.They are taking everything they possibly can. There will be a rush
:38:25. > :38:30.of activity for perhaps 20 minutes, half an hour, and then the river
:38:31. > :38:38.will just go to sleep. All the fish, all the little birds are sated, they
:38:39. > :38:45.could not eat another mayfly. Learning to pause and observe is the
:38:46. > :38:51.only way you will get the true understanding of what is within this
:38:52. > :38:56.environment. Your enjoyment is from seeing a river in pristine condition
:38:57. > :39:05.and all the aquatic life that goes with it. And the birdlife around it.
:39:06. > :39:11.Learning to pause and observe, it is something we all forget to do in our
:39:12. > :39:20.busy, hectic lives. Chris, come on, let's pause and observe river. I did
:39:21. > :39:25.not quite get that right. Try again. Walk... Pause... And you observe.
:39:26. > :39:29.What are you like?! We observe the river. This is the Sherborne group,
:39:30. > :39:39.we have a live camera on the River right now. Let's see what they are
:39:40. > :39:44.seeing. Anything there? It is literally -- has literally just
:39:45. > :39:49.gone. Seconds ago, we were getting very excited about this. This is a
:39:50. > :39:56.wagtail. We actually think this is the female of our grey wagtail nest.
:39:57. > :40:00.It is very scraggly, it is quite easy to recognise. There she is,
:40:01. > :40:09.busy out foraging, getting lots of things to be able to feed her young
:40:10. > :40:13.with. Great to see. We also saw a kingfisher just stay few seconds
:40:14. > :40:18.ago. Just before we went to live. You should have been here earlier!
:40:19. > :40:24.Let's look at the live grey wagtail nest. Here it is. Not very far from
:40:25. > :40:29.where we are standing right now. In the brickwork, five little chicks.
:40:30. > :40:34.All looking rather gorgeous. Let's look at what has happened throughout
:40:35. > :40:38.the day. Things have been going pretty well for this nest. This is
:40:39. > :40:43.the mail, the female was the slightly tatty one, the male one
:40:44. > :40:49.with the Black on its throat comes in, feeds these chicks, all of them
:40:50. > :40:52.readily taking the food. They have been very diligent, both parents,
:40:53. > :40:58.the female giving a few more feeds. As soon as you stop feeding you
:40:59. > :41:01.coward down back into the nest, which is good protection. They are
:41:02. > :41:06.quite protected now because they have their figures but they are all
:41:07. > :41:12.Trisha is, of course. We have had a question, lots of people have asked,
:41:13. > :41:16.Susan wants to know wider wagtails wag and dippers dip? This is a very
:41:17. > :41:20.good question because nobody really knows. Lots of theories. I cannot
:41:21. > :41:24.give you a definitive answer but I can tell you some of the series.
:41:25. > :41:29.Wagtails might wipe their tails because they need long... This is
:41:30. > :41:33.what people say, long tails to be manoeuvrable and the rate of wiping
:41:34. > :41:37.increases when they are foraging. Let's look at the wagtail wagging.
:41:38. > :41:42.Another theory is it indicates their vigilance, they tend to wag more if
:41:43. > :41:46.they are in the presence of a predator. Could it be that they are
:41:47. > :41:50.saying I know you are there, I am working my tail? That is one theory.
:41:51. > :41:55.They are not the only birds living near fast flowing water that Bob or
:41:56. > :41:59.wag. The dipper does this, some people think it is a form of
:42:00. > :42:04.communication to other dippers. The rate of bobbing goes up when there
:42:05. > :42:08.is conflict. Others think they are peering into the water. The common
:42:09. > :42:13.sandpiper frequents fast flowing streams, this one bobs its tail.
:42:14. > :42:17.Another theory is that it is a form of camouflage. The body bouncing up
:42:18. > :42:23.and down amongst all of that turbulent water helps hide the bird.
:42:24. > :42:28.I honestly don't know, no wonders at this point, definitively knows the
:42:29. > :42:32.answer. I don't buy into the dipper doing parallax or refraction, the
:42:33. > :42:38.herring does not do that, it has adapted to see through the water. It
:42:39. > :42:43.seems like a lot of wasted energy, all the bobbing up and down and the
:42:44. > :42:47.flapping of its tail? I may complete fool of myself?! Animals do not have
:42:48. > :42:52.energy to waste, they would not do it unless there was a reason. It
:42:53. > :42:55.might be a complex of things, not one reason.
:42:56. > :42:59.Let's move on to a great piece of practical conservation, I am keen to
:43:00. > :43:05.champion this. Black tailed godwits are quite numerous in the winter, 40
:43:06. > :43:10.3000, 40 4000. They are very low inbreeding numbers, somewhere
:43:11. > :43:18.between 40 and 60. Staff at the WWT and RSPB went into the main washers
:43:19. > :43:22.and took ads the next -- eggs from the nests, incubated them at rates
:43:23. > :43:27.them in captivity. Earlier this week, things changed. It was time to
:43:28. > :43:30.release them. They had been put into an outside aviary to mature,
:43:31. > :43:40.protected from predators. This is what it is all about. The nest which
:43:41. > :43:43.they took the eggs from, all of the adults that matter it is about
:43:44. > :43:47.potentially doubling the number of godwits that we have on the Ouse
:43:48. > :43:52.Washes where they were released. There they are, flying out of the
:43:53. > :43:57.aviary. They join up with the other young godwits, you can see them, a
:43:58. > :43:59.slightly shorter bill. The hope is they will get into flocks with these
:44:00. > :44:05.birds, initially they will move to the coast of East Anglia but they
:44:06. > :44:10.are migrants, they will move down, perhaps to Portugal, some even over
:44:11. > :44:13.into North Africa, but they are site faithful, that is key, they hope
:44:14. > :44:18.these birds will come back to the Ouse Washes to breed, maybe next
:44:19. > :44:22.year. Some thought some of the females might breed in their first
:44:23. > :44:27.year or maybe even the year after. It is a great project with lots of
:44:28. > :44:31.supporters, HSBC, the European life project, they are very keen to
:44:32. > :44:35.champion them, again, the Heritage Lottery Fund. Did you know that is
:44:36. > :44:40.the biggest non-government donor to practical conservation in the UK?
:44:41. > :44:44.Remember, that is you buying more lottery tickets, if you have been
:44:45. > :44:48.buying tickets, on this occasion you have been helping godwits. Thank you
:44:49. > :45:02.very much, brilliant project. You made so many people feel good about
:45:03. > :45:04.not winning. It is not winning, it is contributing. I was being
:45:05. > :45:06.serious. In the last few weeks, in conjunction with Wellcome Collection
:45:07. > :45:08.in London, Lucy has been meeting people with fascinating stories
:45:09. > :45:11.about houses this -- specific objects connect them to nature or
:45:12. > :45:14.have inspired them to have a love for nature. For her final film she
:45:15. > :45:21.goes to Somerset to meet a passionate Burda.
:45:22. > :45:28.In woodlands and gardens throughout Britain bird boxes provide a safe
:45:29. > :45:37.haven for nesting birds. I have come to lie in court to seek a box that
:45:38. > :45:43.has given its creators so much more. Unknowingly this nest box has helped
:45:44. > :45:47.me cope with so much in life. It may be old and tatty but it has opened
:45:48. > :45:54.up a whole new world of nature for me. Paul Turner was born and bred
:45:55. > :45:59.here in the beautiful Somerset countryside. He has a huge passion
:46:00. > :46:04.for the wildlife around him, but it all started with this one special
:46:05. > :46:10.belonging. And here it is. Fantastic. It looks like it has been
:46:11. > :46:15.around for awhile. How old is it? I was eight years old and I made it
:46:16. > :46:21.and I had seen it on blue Peter. I nailed it together and into dad's
:46:22. > :46:27.Garden it went. The blue tit nested there. I would sit there for hours
:46:28. > :46:32.watching them. How did it feel to see those first birds? It felt
:46:33. > :46:37.wonderful because you were engaging with wildlife and enhancing the
:46:38. > :46:42.wildlife and helping it. With this box and because of that link with my
:46:43. > :46:49.old barn it is no longer here, so this box is really special. But all
:46:50. > :46:57.my boxes are. I do not see them as my boxes, it is their food and it is
:46:58. > :47:03.what they provide for them. They are not yours, they belong to nature?
:47:04. > :47:07.They belong to nature, but it enhances my life. Can you show me
:47:08. > :47:13.the others? Paul has since taken bird box building to the next level.
:47:14. > :47:18.He built an entire barn on his land which has housed barn owls and a
:47:19. > :47:22.pair of kestrels. But his providing of homes for nature does not stop
:47:23. > :47:27.there and some of them are quite inventive. I can see you have got a
:47:28. > :47:32.watering can. I do not think anyone is using it this year, but I have
:47:33. > :47:39.had blackbirds and robins and wagtails and in the shed there is a
:47:40. > :47:45.little can and there are wrens nesting there at the moment. I
:47:46. > :47:51.thought I saw some. Yes, they are busy in there. You were inspired by
:47:52. > :47:55.that first nest box and you have really enhanced what there is here
:47:56. > :48:00.so more nature can come in, more birds that would not normally be
:48:01. > :48:07.here. In everything I do I try to think how can I be doing this to
:48:08. > :48:14.enhance something? Whether it is insects or birdlife or plant life,
:48:15. > :48:20.nature is where my passion is. I am that kind of person in any thing I
:48:21. > :48:25.do. Sometimes Paul finds daily life challenging, but he copes by
:48:26. > :48:29.surrounding himself with wildlife. The times when I have struggled with
:48:30. > :48:34.human beings and their behaviour towards me because of how I am,
:48:35. > :48:40.being an autistic person, there are some things I cannot do. For a lot
:48:41. > :48:46.of people that is hard to understand and I get put under so much pressure
:48:47. > :48:50.and it causes stress and anxiety and depression and nature has always
:48:51. > :48:56.been there for me. It has been my backbone to life. It has been my
:48:57. > :49:04.refuge. And when Paul says refuge, he means it quite literally.
:49:05. > :49:12.Climbing up into a tree helps him to immerse himself in nature. Perch
:49:13. > :49:17.yourself, get yourself comfortable and just sit and wait and listen.
:49:18. > :49:30.Sometimes just close your eyes and take it all in and just listen.
:49:31. > :49:41.When you are up in a tree at dawn and the birdsong is truly amazing.
:49:42. > :49:45.It is also for anyone who is not experienced and a great place to
:49:46. > :49:51.spend the whole night. Have you ever done that? Yes, when I was at home I
:49:52. > :49:56.was a bit of a monkey. Each tree will make you feel differently, I
:49:57. > :50:02.can feel that in my body, and the movement with the tree. And you are
:50:03. > :50:05.connecting. He talked to me before about how you sometimes found
:50:06. > :50:09.connecting with people difficult. Have you ever found this is a way of
:50:10. > :50:14.retreating from the human world and connecting with nature more? Yes, it
:50:15. > :50:23.is very much a sanctuary. Unfortunately some of my inabilities
:50:24. > :50:30.or my behaviour can upset people and that in turn upsets me. I feel
:50:31. > :50:36.pretty lousy and then in those times I need to escape and get away from
:50:37. > :50:43.the realities of life. It gives you strength to get back to it. You
:50:44. > :50:50.recharge your batteries if you like. Get yourself up a tree! It is
:50:51. > :50:59.incredible to think that such a lifelong connection with nature was
:51:00. > :51:03.forged by a humble bird box. I like that film very much. I
:51:04. > :51:09.thought you would. What a wonderful guy. A while ago it was mental
:51:10. > :51:15.health awareness week and we put stuff on Facebook and I am going to
:51:16. > :51:19.redo some things. Nicola White wrote, on a very similar note,
:51:20. > :51:24.nature and wildlife photography has been a constant and I have been
:51:25. > :51:29.struggling with depression. Macro photography allows me to concentrate
:51:30. > :51:33.on little details and stops me being overwhelmed. Lee Cooper said, my
:51:34. > :51:37.five-year-old daughter is autistic and shows signs of anxiety. She
:51:38. > :51:43.feels relaxed when she is outside looking for snails and building them
:51:44. > :51:47.a home. Lastly, Liz says, I am a carer and both my sons are autistic
:51:48. > :51:52.and I suffer from depression when things get too much. 18 months ago I
:51:53. > :51:57.rediscovered my childhood love of nature and found the peace and
:51:58. > :52:02.serenity of nature transfers to me. We have known that being in an
:52:03. > :52:05.actual space is beneficial both mentally and physically. Healing
:52:06. > :52:09.rates in hospitals improve if you can see green spaces outside the
:52:10. > :52:15.window. There is something primal that still lurks within us which,
:52:16. > :52:19.when we enjoy that connection, it improves our physical and mental
:52:20. > :52:24.health. The Wellcome collection exhibition opens on the 22nd of June
:52:25. > :52:30.in the Museum of modern nature in London. You can go to that yourself.
:52:31. > :52:35.They are still inviting digital submissions. Details are available
:52:36. > :52:39.on our website. It is amazing how much you can go out in nature and
:52:40. > :52:45.you feel the stresses and strains of life left off you. Early in the
:52:46. > :52:51.morning I go out to the woods with the dogs. I never appreciated it
:52:52. > :52:55.before, but it calms you down. I am in contact with that environment and
:52:56. > :52:59.I am at my own pace and in my own time. It is the best thing and
:53:00. > :53:06.settled me down. What has inspired a lot of people on the live nests
:53:07. > :53:11.either Perak greens. This is a remarkable story. Let me remind you
:53:12. > :53:18.what happened. We had a remote live camera on a nest with one chick. It
:53:19. > :53:21.was on the Cathedral and the RSPB rescued three chicks from another
:53:22. > :53:27.nest where the parents were found dead and put one of the chicks into
:53:28. > :53:32.our nest as Sarah get nest. You can see the two chicks are snuggled up.
:53:33. > :53:34.The adopted one has got more feathers and is slightly older.
:53:35. > :53:41.Let's see what they have been getting up to. -- surrogates. You
:53:42. > :53:47.can see the biological chick is the one in front. But both of them I
:53:48. > :53:52.been so well looked after and it is amazing. It was only this time last
:53:53. > :53:58.week that that chick was introduced into this nest. You can see both
:53:59. > :54:02.adults totally accepted it. The other chick has totally accepted it
:54:03. > :54:08.and it all seems to be going incredibly well. What is interesting
:54:09. > :54:12.is there were three rescued and the other two were put into an nest in
:54:13. > :54:17.the Midlands. They are a bit older than that one and they are getting
:54:18. > :54:24.ready to fledge. It is amazing because you look at hours and it
:54:25. > :54:29.will need a while. What a great story that is, turning it around.
:54:30. > :54:32.You will know that the peregrine female on Salisbury Cathedral is
:54:33. > :54:37.carrying a satellite tracking device and we know where she is going. We
:54:38. > :54:40.have got an update. Salisbury Cathedral is in the middle and that
:54:41. > :54:49.is where most of the recordings are coming from. The ones in red are
:54:50. > :54:52.pre-hatching. So she is up here in an old quarry, potentially where she
:54:53. > :55:00.was roosting in the winter. After they were hatching she visited just
:55:01. > :55:03.that one bird. She is arranging further afield, perhaps helping the
:55:04. > :55:13.mail find some of the food for that one. Then the extra chick was added
:55:14. > :55:22.to the nest and we have got the yellow recordings. When we zoomed in
:55:23. > :55:27.on Google Earth we found she was foraging on feels. What is she doing
:55:28. > :55:31.out here? We do not know what is growing in those fields, but it is
:55:32. > :55:37.likely she is after pigeons. Let's see what she has been bringing in.
:55:38. > :55:43.It is difficult to ascertain because the mail delivers lots of food to
:55:44. > :55:48.the female. We are not sure if what she arrives with is something she
:55:49. > :55:52.has caught herself. They are also good at dismembering it. She is
:55:53. > :55:58.obviously going down there after something. I cannot think what else
:55:59. > :56:02.it would be except wood pigeons. Have you noticed on this programme
:56:03. > :56:07.we are obsessed with what is eating what. The mayfly are eaten by the
:56:08. > :56:12.fish, the fish are eaten by the small birds and the small birds are
:56:13. > :56:14.eaten by the big birds. But without sounding too cheesy, it is all just
:56:15. > :56:19.the circle of life. MUSIC PLAYS: "The Circle
:56:20. > :57:15.of Life" by Elton John. It is a circle of life that. What a
:57:16. > :57:21.finale. I couldn't finish like that myself. I am glad about that. We
:57:22. > :57:27.have got a live camera down on the river and we have got something on
:57:28. > :57:33.that right now. Oh, do not tell us it has just gone! Let's have a look
:57:34. > :57:37.at what was that if we can. Oh, look, there we go. A beautiful
:57:38. > :57:45.kingfisher. Lovely to see on the river. We have just about enough
:57:46. > :57:50.time to squeeze these in. We found these pictures on twitter. It is a
:57:51. > :57:58.kestrel trying to rob a vole from the barn owl here. Fantastic action
:57:59. > :58:04.pictures. I feel a little bit for the role in midair falling to the
:58:05. > :58:12.ground. Reaching terminal velocity! Great photos, even you have got to
:58:13. > :58:17.admit. That is almost it for now. We have got one more show tomorrow.
:58:18. > :58:24.Gillian and Martin will be there from the Isles of Scilly. You have
:58:25. > :58:29.got 24 hours left to check our live cameras. All of it is available
:58:30. > :58:36.online and on the red button. We can go live to our life kites. Check
:58:37. > :58:43.these out on our cameras. What about our kestrels? It is the last chance
:58:44. > :58:48.to cheer on the run to. And what about the fledgling is? Keep your
:58:49. > :58:52.eyes peeled for tomorrow. It is the last show tomorrow and an important
:58:53. > :59:02.announcement, it is 7:30pm tomorrow. What time is it? It is 7:30 p.m.. We
:59:03. > :59:03.will see you then. It is a whole Springwatch evening tomorrow. See
:59:04. > :59:31.you then. Goodbye. You'll favour me by never setting
:59:32. > :59:35.foot on Trenwith land. Sir Francis did not explicitly offer
:59:36. > :59:38.me the position of magistrate. But I can see myself
:59:39. > :59:41.dispensing justice.