0:00:02 > 0:00:04I have crossed the Atlantic,
0:00:04 > 0:00:07to ride the railroads of North America
0:00:07 > 0:00:09with my reliable Appleton's guide.
0:00:12 > 0:00:14Published in the late 19th century,
0:00:14 > 0:00:17my Appleton's general guide to North America
0:00:17 > 0:00:23will direct me to all that is novel, beautiful, memorable
0:00:23 > 0:00:26and striking in the United States.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28THEY SHOUT
0:00:28 > 0:00:30As I journey across this vast continent,
0:00:30 > 0:00:34I'll discover how pioneers and cowboys conquered the West.
0:00:34 > 0:00:36GUNFIRE
0:00:36 > 0:00:39And how the railroads tied this nation together,
0:00:39 > 0:00:43helping to create the global superstate of today.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14My rail journey across the United States from north to south
0:01:14 > 0:01:20has brought me to Chicago, Illinois, the industrial hub of the Midwest.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22At the time of my guidebook,
0:01:22 > 0:01:26amongst the smoke and steam of the late 19th century,
0:01:26 > 0:01:29a new kind of city was forged.
0:01:29 > 0:01:33It expressed its exuberance by reaching for the sky
0:01:33 > 0:01:37with architecture that turned its back on Europe.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41Here was created a distinctly American metropolis.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00I'm halfway along a route that began in Minnesota
0:02:00 > 0:02:05then followed the Mississippi River as far as Wisconsin.
0:02:05 > 0:02:06Making for the Great Lakes,
0:02:06 > 0:02:09I skirted the south-west shore of Lake Michigan
0:02:09 > 0:02:12from Milwaukee to Chicago.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15From where I'll cut a swathe through rural Illinois.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19The final leg of my journey will reunite me with Old Man River
0:02:19 > 0:02:21and the city of Memphis
0:02:21 > 0:02:22on its banks.
0:02:22 > 0:02:27This time, I am exploring in and around the nation's railway hub Chicago.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30After scanning the skyline from the Chicago River,
0:02:30 > 0:02:33I'll head to the city's fire training academy,
0:02:33 > 0:02:36make my way to Joliet to play some baseball,
0:02:36 > 0:02:38before returning downtown
0:02:38 > 0:02:41to investigate Chicago's evangelical past.
0:02:44 > 0:02:47Along the way, I make a few announcements...
0:02:47 > 0:02:50258, your train's never late!
0:02:50 > 0:02:53258, your train's never late!
0:02:53 > 0:02:57Strike out in America's national game...
0:02:57 > 0:03:00Here we go. You are looking like a natural already.
0:03:00 > 0:03:02And I am blown away by the Windy City...
0:03:02 > 0:03:04Chicago at sunset.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08Surely one of the world's most stunning cities.
0:03:20 > 0:03:22According to Appleton's,
0:03:22 > 0:03:26"Chicago ranks next in commercial importance to New York among
0:03:26 > 0:03:29"the cities of the United States."
0:03:29 > 0:03:33I suspect that Chicago would resent the comparison.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37In any case, its response is constant renewal.
0:03:37 > 0:03:41New buildings and attractions appear at a dizzying rate,
0:03:41 > 0:03:45and it defies any city to match its energy.
0:03:46 > 0:03:48- MAN OVER TANNOY: - Ladies and gentlemen,
0:03:48 > 0:03:50in just a moment our next stop will be our final stop -
0:03:50 > 0:03:52Union Station, downtown Chicago.
0:03:55 > 0:03:56By the time of my guidebook,
0:03:56 > 0:04:01Chicago had emerged as the Midwest's major metropolis...
0:04:01 > 0:04:03Thank you.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06..and North America's greatest railroad centre.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14Today, Chicago's Union Station is still the hub of
0:04:14 > 0:04:18the United States' passenger rail network.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29I feel a special excitement when I'm coming to one of
0:04:29 > 0:04:32the world's great conurbations, my kind of town.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42Arriving in Chicago today,
0:04:42 > 0:04:48it's impossible not to be awed by its forest of high-rise buildings.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51This city has been an architectural innovator for
0:04:51 > 0:04:54the last 130 years.
0:04:59 > 0:05:03I'm navigating the Chicago River to admire
0:05:03 > 0:05:05the city's most striking structures,
0:05:05 > 0:05:10and I am boarding with architecture expert Jen Masengarb.
0:05:10 > 0:05:12Hello.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15Looking forward to this. After you, Jen.
0:05:24 > 0:05:28The modern skyscraper was born here in 1885
0:05:28 > 0:05:33when a metal-framed, ten-storey building was completed.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35It's no longer standing,
0:05:35 > 0:05:38but there's plenty left for architecture buffs.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43I suppose the best way to see Chicago's architecture is from the water.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47It is. The Chicago River is that sort of lifeblood of the city.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50Dominating us now seems to be a lot of glass-sided towers,
0:05:50 > 0:05:52highly reflective.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54This seems to be the big fashion these days.
0:05:54 > 0:05:58Even within that though you can see different eras in different ways
0:05:58 > 0:06:00that the glass was treated or different materials.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02One very beautiful thing about
0:06:02 > 0:06:05the amount of glass that has been used in the last few decades
0:06:05 > 0:06:09is that so much of the city is then reflected in those buildings.
0:06:09 > 0:06:15And as you pass by you get this kaleidoscope of the buildings,
0:06:15 > 0:06:17that they are all moving as you are moving.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21Yeah. One of the earliest buildings to do that is 333 West Wacker.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23For many Chicagoans, it's their favourite.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Isn't that beautiful?
0:06:26 > 0:06:29One of the sounds of the cities is the trains.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32And that sound echoes all along the river.
0:06:32 > 0:06:35Union Station is right behind these skyscrapers
0:06:35 > 0:06:38and what you see underneath here are the train tracks
0:06:38 > 0:06:40with skyscrapers built on top of them
0:06:40 > 0:06:43because Chicago developed something called air rights.
0:06:43 > 0:06:47That you can actually buy the air of your neighbour's property
0:06:47 > 0:06:51and build something on top of them next door.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55It seems that the city has remained a playground for architects
0:06:55 > 0:06:57to experiment and innovate.
0:06:57 > 0:07:01Mostly the architecture we are seeing along the river is from the 20th century
0:07:01 > 0:07:06because the land along the river is precious and what happens often is
0:07:06 > 0:07:10that the buildings are demolished to build something larger and something taller.
0:07:10 > 0:07:14A skyscraper is a building designed to make the land pay.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17In the 19th century, as today,
0:07:17 > 0:07:21the high cost of land drove lofty ideas.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25The first skyscrapers were built to cope with Chicago's growing labour force
0:07:25 > 0:07:28as job-seekers piled into the city.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32Thank you for suggesting Federal Plaza because we see here
0:07:32 > 0:07:36- a range of Chicago architecture from different vintages.- Yes.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38This lovely building behind us. Tell me about that.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41This is the Marquette Building. It was designed in 1894.
0:07:41 > 0:07:43The Marquette Building is kind of the epitome,
0:07:43 > 0:07:46a classic early Chicago skyscraper.
0:07:46 > 0:07:49About 18 to 20 stories, is kind of the typical height.
0:07:49 > 0:07:50And when you look at it,
0:07:50 > 0:07:53the Marquette Building draws our eye up.
0:07:53 > 0:07:56This is a new thought. How does the building meet the sky?
0:07:56 > 0:07:58So this generation of architects,
0:07:58 > 0:08:01they were really sort of thinking about that crown.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04Some borrowing from ancient Greece and Rome,
0:08:04 > 0:08:06some stripped of that,
0:08:06 > 0:08:09some borrowing more of kind of medieval detail.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12Was Chicago a suitable place to build tall buildings?
0:08:12 > 0:08:15I think Chicago is probably the worst place to build a skyscraper
0:08:15 > 0:08:18because Chicago has incredibly poor soil.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21It's like a clay mixture almost.
0:08:21 > 0:08:25The New York Times in 1891 likened it to a jelly cake.
0:08:25 > 0:08:29And so all the attempts through the 1880s and into the 1890s
0:08:29 > 0:08:31are to try to make the walls thinner
0:08:31 > 0:08:35and make the building lighter so that it doesn't sink so much
0:08:35 > 0:08:38- into our really poor soil. - That is absolutely extraordinary.
0:08:38 > 0:08:42I mean, look at Chicago now. It's absolutely dominated by skyscrapers.
0:08:50 > 0:08:51In the late 19th century,
0:08:51 > 0:08:55Chicago's skyscrapers were impressive feats of engineering
0:08:55 > 0:08:58that expressed the city's triumph over calamity.
0:08:59 > 0:09:03Appleton's tells me that in October 1871,
0:09:03 > 0:09:09"Chicago was the scene of one of the most destructive conflagrations in history.
0:09:09 > 0:09:12"The flames swept with resistless fury.
0:09:12 > 0:09:17"The total area destroyed was nearly 3.5 square miles."
0:09:17 > 0:09:21This water tower was one of the few buildings to survive.
0:09:21 > 0:09:23My Appleton's tells me
0:09:23 > 0:09:27the fire originated in a small barn in DeKoven Street.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32Today the city's fire academy, on that same site,
0:09:32 > 0:09:35is a working memorial to the tragedy.
0:09:35 > 0:09:37Jerry.
0:09:37 > 0:09:41I am meeting Chicago firefighter Jerry Medina.
0:09:41 > 0:09:46Jerry, my Appleton's guidebook gives a description of the fire of 1871
0:09:46 > 0:09:47of total destruction.
0:09:47 > 0:09:5098,000 homeless, 17,000 buildings destroyed.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52- Is that accurate? - Yes, very accurate.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56Sadly, unfortunately, 300 people also died as a result of that fire.
0:09:56 > 0:09:59How was it possible for a fire to do so much damage, do you think?
0:09:59 > 0:10:01Basically the fire was out of control.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03Back then everything was made of wood,
0:10:03 > 0:10:05plus there was no rain for several days.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07Everything was ready to burn.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15Whirlwinds of flame, known as fire devils,
0:10:15 > 0:10:18spread the blaze and the terror ever further.
0:10:20 > 0:10:22How long did it take to put out?
0:10:22 > 0:10:23It took about three days.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25The fire actually had to burn itself out.
0:10:25 > 0:10:27The flames eventually abated,
0:10:27 > 0:10:30leaving a city smouldering with anger.
0:10:31 > 0:10:35Rumours about how the fire began flew like cinders,
0:10:35 > 0:10:39settling on Irish immigrant Catherine O'Leary.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41It was said that as she milked her cow in the barn
0:10:41 > 0:10:43it kicked over a lantern,
0:10:43 > 0:10:47but historians have since suggested that her neighbour could have been to blame.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50As recently as about 15, 20 years ago,
0:10:50 > 0:10:53Mrs O'Leary was found to not to be the actual cause of the fire.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55Poor Mrs O'Leary.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58The fire was a very long time ago, but is it still, as it were,
0:10:58 > 0:11:00part of the culture and heritage of the city?
0:11:00 > 0:11:03You can ask a child about what happened in 1871 in Chicago?
0:11:03 > 0:11:06Right away, the first thing they will tell you -
0:11:06 > 0:11:07the Great Chicago Fire.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10So it is a huge, huge part of our history.
0:11:12 > 0:11:17Today the city is guarded by the largest fire department in the Midwest.
0:11:17 > 0:11:22Its firefighters respond to half a million emergency calls a year.
0:11:22 > 0:11:26Lieutenant Brett Snow is showing me what it takes
0:11:26 > 0:11:29to become one of Chicago's finest.
0:11:29 > 0:11:30Ready to rock and roll.
0:11:32 > 0:11:33- OK.- All right.
0:11:33 > 0:11:35Into the kneeling position.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38- Into the kneeling position. There we go.- This is kind of like...
0:11:38 > 0:11:41- using a firearm, almost, isn't it? - Yeah.- OK.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50The hose is under enormous pressure.
0:11:50 > 0:11:52I'm having to use great force just to keep it under control.
0:11:52 > 0:11:56I've got to imagine what it would be like to do this in a blaze
0:11:56 > 0:11:58or a terrible emergency,
0:11:58 > 0:12:00and think that guys from Chicago
0:12:00 > 0:12:02and all over do this every day of their lives.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05Wow! Certainly feeling the pressure, Brett,
0:12:05 > 0:12:07- it must be quite tiring, this? - Yeah, it sure is.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11If you are not holding it correctly it can really wear you out fast.
0:12:11 > 0:12:13I can see that. I'm getting tired just doing this.
0:12:13 > 0:12:14Yeah, yeah.
0:12:14 > 0:12:20And for this hose there's roughly 175 gallons in a minute coming out.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- Let's hope that deals with the fire. - Yeah.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27- Very nice.- Thank you, Brett.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- I tell you what, I had a great time. - Thank you.- You did great.
0:12:36 > 0:12:41No fire hose can dampen my enthusiasm for the Chicago skyline.
0:12:41 > 0:12:45To see it at its best, I'm making my way to the Willis Tower,
0:12:45 > 0:12:48still widely known by its former name - Sears Tower.
0:12:50 > 0:12:54For a generation, this was the tallest building in the world.
0:12:54 > 0:12:56- WOMAN OVER SPEAKER: - More than 24 feet per second.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58Eiffel Tower.
0:12:58 > 0:13:01The Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong.
0:13:01 > 0:13:071,250 feet and the Empire State Building of New York.
0:13:07 > 0:13:11103 floors, 1,350 feet in one minute.
0:13:22 > 0:13:25HE LAUGHS
0:13:34 > 0:13:36Chicago at sunset.
0:13:36 > 0:13:39Surely one of the world's most stunning cities.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12One of the most iconic sights in Chicago is
0:14:12 > 0:14:15the elevated railway or L.
0:14:15 > 0:14:16They must have saved money,
0:14:16 > 0:14:18instead of going underground they build
0:14:18 > 0:14:21the railway at first-floor level. Boy, is it noisy.
0:14:27 > 0:14:32The earliest sections of the Chicago L date back to 1892,
0:14:32 > 0:14:36making this the second-oldest metro system in the United States.
0:14:40 > 0:14:42As railroads fanned out across the United States
0:14:42 > 0:14:45they helped to create a shared culture.
0:14:45 > 0:14:49And one past-time soon emerged as the nation's favourite.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52- MAN OVER SPEAKER:- Let's play ball.
0:14:52 > 0:14:53Baseball.
0:14:58 > 0:15:00To investigate the national game,
0:15:00 > 0:15:04I'm going to strike out to Joliet, Illinois, base myself there,
0:15:04 > 0:15:07although it's not exactly on my home run.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17Today baseball is a multibillion dollar industry.
0:15:17 > 0:15:21But around the time of my guidebook, it was in need of reform.
0:15:23 > 0:15:24At the home of the Joliet Slammers,
0:15:24 > 0:15:27I'm hearing how the modern game was born
0:15:27 > 0:15:30with baseball historian David Shiner.
0:15:30 > 0:15:34David, do you have any theory as to why in the United States
0:15:34 > 0:15:38it's baseball that takes over rather than say a game-like cricket?
0:15:38 > 0:15:42Well, you know, Michael, it's seen as an American home-grown game
0:15:42 > 0:15:46and it's in the American psyche. It goes the deepest, historically.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49Baseball was a game that you could play with any amount of people
0:15:49 > 0:15:52at any time, on any kind of a field.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54A sport that was easily taken onto the frontier,
0:15:54 > 0:15:57you just needed a piece of wood and a ball, and there you go.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59MICHAEL CHUCKLES
0:15:59 > 0:16:02The first written rules for baseball date from the 1840s
0:16:02 > 0:16:07and the first professional club was established in 1869.
0:16:07 > 0:16:10Places like Chicago were no longer frontier towns,
0:16:10 > 0:16:12but busy industrial cities.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15As the game became professional,
0:16:15 > 0:16:17it became more of a game for immigrants,
0:16:17 > 0:16:20a game for people from all walks of life.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22Frankly, there were a lot more ruffians than gentlemen when
0:16:22 > 0:16:24the game became professional,
0:16:24 > 0:16:26and that lasted all through the 19th century.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29What could be done about the fact that
0:16:29 > 0:16:31it was becoming a bit of a rough and tumble game?
0:16:31 > 0:16:34Well, it had a lot of negative side effects.
0:16:34 > 0:16:38People being beaten up, a lot of gambling, a lot of roughness.
0:16:38 > 0:16:40So in 1876,
0:16:40 > 0:16:41the first league of clubs was founded
0:16:41 > 0:16:44and that was by a Chicago businessmen named William Hulbert.
0:16:44 > 0:16:46He started the notion that
0:16:46 > 0:16:49owners needed to pay for their clubs to be in the league,
0:16:49 > 0:16:52that there would be penalties if they didn't play their games
0:16:52 > 0:16:55in a fair way, and that the players, similarly,
0:16:55 > 0:16:58could be fined or suspended or even expelled from the game.
0:16:58 > 0:17:00And that was very controversial,
0:17:00 > 0:17:03but it led to the structure the National League
0:17:03 > 0:17:04that still exists 140 years later,
0:17:04 > 0:17:07so I think he has to be given a lot of credit.
0:17:07 > 0:17:11On my travels in Europe, I found that cricket and soccer, football,
0:17:11 > 0:17:13were very much stimulated by the railways.
0:17:13 > 0:17:15- Was that true of baseball? - Absolutely, Michael.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18The railroads were vital to the spread of baseball.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21When you have a team having to go from Baltimore to Chicago,
0:17:21 > 0:17:23nearly 1,000 miles, the railroads are essential.
0:17:23 > 0:17:27People who played amateur ball liked to watch professionals
0:17:27 > 0:17:30so it became a spectator sport as well as a participant sport.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33In fact, by the time of the National League, often teams would
0:17:33 > 0:17:36schedule their games around when the trains arrived.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41I'm better suited to being a spectator than a participant,
0:17:41 > 0:17:45but I'm stepping up to the plate with coach Ryan Clevenger.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50So how do I hold the bat?
0:17:50 > 0:17:52Well, you are a right-handed batter,
0:17:52 > 0:17:54so you're going to want to put your left-hand at the bottom of the bat
0:17:54 > 0:17:57and your right-hand on top of there. You want to get them close together.
0:17:57 > 0:17:59If there is any separation it is harder to swing the bat.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02You want to start with the bat on your right shoulder.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04- On my right shoulder.- And then as he's throwing the ball,
0:18:04 > 0:18:06- then you are going to start swinging.- OK.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14Oh!
0:18:16 > 0:18:18Oh! There we go.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20You're looking like a natural already.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31Enough humiliation. I'm out of here.
0:18:41 > 0:18:43After that mediocre performance,
0:18:43 > 0:18:46I was hardly expecting to see my name in lights.
0:18:52 > 0:18:57Number 99, it's time to dine. Number 98. Thank you, ma'am.
0:18:57 > 0:19:0299. 106. 108, there's no more wait, the food tastes great!
0:19:02 > 0:19:04Hello, sir. Welcome to Portillo's.
0:19:04 > 0:19:07Thank you very much. I'm on a pilgrimage.
0:19:07 > 0:19:08Portillo is my name.
0:19:08 > 0:19:12- Oh, congratulations.- Yeah, I feel I've come to my spiritual home.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14OK, good. Well, welcome. We're glad to have you.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17Tell me, what should I eat?
0:19:17 > 0:19:19- Italian beef sandwich. - That sounds good.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21- Yes, OK.- You can do that with peppers.
0:19:21 > 0:19:22So we have hot peppers or sweet peppers.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24- Hot peppers.- Hot peppers, OK.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26Would you like any cheese on that? Mozzarella or cheddar?
0:19:26 > 0:19:28- Mozzarella.- Mozzarella, OK.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30- Thank you.- Any French fries with that?
0:19:30 > 0:19:32- We have got fries with cheese.- No, I think that will be quite enough.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34- Thank you. Thank you very much.- OK.
0:19:34 > 0:19:36So, the founder was called Portillo?
0:19:36 > 0:19:38Yes, Dick Portillo.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40Wow! And how did he start out?
0:19:40 > 0:19:44In 1963 in a trailer with no running water.
0:19:44 > 0:19:45How amazing.
0:19:45 > 0:19:49221, your order it out, done! 221.
0:19:49 > 0:19:53I see that when they're calling the orders, the girls are making rhymes,
0:19:53 > 0:19:55like you do in bingo in Britain.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58That's exactly what we do. Do you want to give it a shot?
0:19:58 > 0:20:00I'd love to. Thank you very much indeed.
0:20:00 > 0:20:03You are a Portillo, no problem. We'll give it a go.
0:20:05 > 0:20:07Can I get a short steak and a chocolate shake?
0:20:07 > 0:20:10258, your train's never late.
0:20:10 > 0:20:12258, your train's never late!
0:20:12 > 0:20:15256, the train to the sticks!
0:20:15 > 0:20:18Hi, how are you?
0:20:18 > 0:20:20You enjoy that now.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24247, train to heaven.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26283, in the land of the free.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30283.
0:20:37 > 0:20:38HE CHUCKLES
0:20:38 > 0:20:41Look at this understated little number.
0:20:46 > 0:20:52It's good. Italian beef in a restaurant with a Spanish name.
0:20:52 > 0:20:53It's fundamentally American.
0:21:19 > 0:21:23At the time of my Appleton's guidebook, Chicago's architects
0:21:23 > 0:21:26were not the only ones with celestial aspirations.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33Religious fervour swept mid-19th century North America.
0:21:33 > 0:21:35In the fast-growing cities,
0:21:35 > 0:21:39there were mass conversions and congregations in the thousands.
0:21:41 > 0:21:42Here in Chicago,
0:21:42 > 0:21:45this Christian evangelism was led by two men
0:21:45 > 0:21:50who played a starring role in the heavenly revival.
0:21:50 > 0:21:51The guidebook tells me that,
0:21:51 > 0:21:54"The Great Tabernacle on Munro Street,
0:21:54 > 0:21:57"where Messrs Moody and Sankey held their meetings,
0:21:57 > 0:22:02"will see 10,000 persons and is used for sacred concerts
0:22:02 > 0:22:04"and other religious gatherings."
0:22:04 > 0:22:09This more modern church, even today, bears the name of Dwight Moody.
0:22:09 > 0:22:11And in the words of the psalm,
0:22:11 > 0:22:14I will "enter into his gates with thanksgiving."
0:22:30 > 0:22:34The tradition of sacred concerts is clearly alive
0:22:34 > 0:22:37and stomping at the Moody Church.
0:22:41 > 0:22:43CHOIR SINGS
0:22:45 > 0:22:49To discover how music helped to make Moody and Sankey household names,
0:22:49 > 0:22:52I'm meeting church member Daniel Favero.
0:23:16 > 0:23:18Choir, that was really beautiful.
0:23:18 > 0:23:21May I say an enormous thank you to you?
0:23:21 > 0:23:23That was magnificent.
0:23:23 > 0:23:29Daniel, I have come here in pursuit of Messrs Moody and Sankey.
0:23:29 > 0:23:31Who were these gentlemen?
0:23:31 > 0:23:33On the vernacular of the day, 1880,
0:23:33 > 0:23:36they were called workers in souls.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39They were polar opposites in personality and background.
0:23:39 > 0:23:44DL Moody was uneducated, he grew up in rural western Massachusetts.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47Ira Sankey was the son of a bank president in Philadelphia.
0:23:47 > 0:23:50How did two such diverse people meet?
0:23:50 > 0:23:54They were both delegates to a YMCA meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana
0:23:54 > 0:23:57in 1870 and there was a lull in the meeting,
0:23:57 > 0:23:59DL Moody was sort of unconventional -
0:23:59 > 0:24:01he hated it when it got boring,
0:24:01 > 0:24:02and he said that suddenly a man stood up
0:24:02 > 0:24:05and started singing and that was Ira Sankey.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07So DL Moody ran up to him afterwards and he said,
0:24:07 > 0:24:10"Come join my ministry in Chicago."
0:24:10 > 0:24:14What sort of ministry had Moody had until then, then?
0:24:14 > 0:24:16Well, he actually started as a Sunday school teacher
0:24:16 > 0:24:20in the neighbourhood of Chicago called Little Hell.
0:24:20 > 0:24:22It was a very rough neighbourhood. They called it Little Hell,
0:24:22 > 0:24:26they said, because there is nothing there but bad men and worse women.
0:24:27 > 0:24:30Moody hoped that Sankey's music
0:24:30 > 0:24:33could help him to reach into Chicago's slums.
0:24:35 > 0:24:37He believed that to save the inner-city poor
0:24:37 > 0:24:39the message must be accessible.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44DL Moody would speak extemporaneously,
0:24:44 > 0:24:47he would relate to the audience, but he was very unorthodox.
0:24:47 > 0:24:49He would not even preach with notes.
0:24:49 > 0:24:51He said, "If I can't keep it in my head,
0:24:51 > 0:24:53"I can't expect them to keep it in their head."
0:24:53 > 0:24:56Is it fair to think of this as being the start of that
0:24:56 > 0:24:58particular brand of American evangelism
0:24:58 > 0:25:01- that's known across the world? - I think so.
0:25:01 > 0:25:06In the past, there had been large groups of evangelistic meetings, if you will,
0:25:06 > 0:25:09but it was never planned the way these were.
0:25:09 > 0:25:10You know, with a large auditorium,
0:25:10 > 0:25:14have trained people to pray with people and they walk the aisle,
0:25:14 > 0:25:16have contemporary worship music.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19All these things were innovations of DL Moody.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24A British traveller following my guidebook
0:25:24 > 0:25:28might well have already experienced Moody and Sankey's evangelism.
0:25:29 > 0:25:30In 1873,
0:25:30 > 0:25:34the pair crossed the Atlantic on an international mission.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37They were travelling from church to church throughout England, Wales,
0:25:37 > 0:25:39- Scotland and Ireland. - By train, I hope?
0:25:39 > 0:25:42By train. They passed out flyers, saying,
0:25:42 > 0:25:44"Come hear DL Moody preach the gospel,
0:25:44 > 0:25:46"and come hear Ira Sankey sing the gospel."
0:25:46 > 0:25:49It started very small, but it grew very quickly.
0:25:49 > 0:25:53And by the time they got back to London after their two-year circuit,
0:25:53 > 0:25:55in the last seven months,
0:25:55 > 0:25:58over two million people came to hear him preach.
0:25:58 > 0:25:59Extraordinary.
0:25:59 > 0:26:03Moody and Sankey's British tour offered them both celebrity
0:26:03 > 0:26:05and inspiration.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08On a railway journey from Glasgow to Edinburgh,
0:26:08 > 0:26:11Sankey spotted a poem in the newspaper
0:26:11 > 0:26:14which sparked perhaps his best loved hymn.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16The Ninety and Nine.
0:26:16 > 0:26:20# There were ninety and nine that safely lay
0:26:20 > 0:26:25# In the shelter of the fold
0:26:25 > 0:26:29# But one was out on the hills away
0:26:29 > 0:26:35# Far off from the gates of gold
0:26:35 > 0:26:39# Away on the mountains wild and bare
0:26:39 > 0:26:46# Away from the tender Shepherd's care
0:26:50 > 0:26:54# But all through the mountains, thunder-riven
0:26:54 > 0:26:58# And up from the rocky steep
0:26:58 > 0:27:03# There arose a glad cry to the gate of heaven,
0:27:03 > 0:27:07# "Rejoice! I have found My sheep!"
0:27:07 > 0:27:12# And the angels echoed around the throne
0:27:12 > 0:27:17# "Rejoice, for the Lord brings back His own!"
0:27:17 > 0:27:25"Rejoice, for the Lord brings back His own!" #
0:27:29 > 0:27:33The moment I stepped off the train at Union Station in Chicago,
0:27:33 > 0:27:36I was aware of entering a throbbing metropolis.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39This city shrugged off a devastating fire
0:27:39 > 0:27:43and architecturally reached for the sky.
0:27:43 > 0:27:48Its expansion upwards and outwards continues apace.
0:27:48 > 0:27:52Its opulence shimmers from its glass-sided buildings,
0:27:52 > 0:27:54reflected in Lake Michigan.
0:27:54 > 0:27:59It stands proud and tall at the crossroads of America.
0:28:01 > 0:28:07Next time, I gravitate to the ultimate marshalling yard...
0:28:07 > 0:28:10So I call this the economy of motion.
0:28:10 > 0:28:12Recreate the original brownie...
0:28:12 > 0:28:13That is wicked!
0:28:13 > 0:28:15Well done, Chef.
0:28:15 > 0:28:19And discover the solution to the city's pollution...
0:28:19 > 0:28:21Imagine when you have 30,000 cubic feet per second
0:28:21 > 0:28:24of sewage coming out here. It will be beautiful.
0:28:24 > 0:28:26A great image.