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0:00:27 > 0:00:29- In January, I visited Africa...
0:00:30 > 0:00:33- ..to see how the people - live off the land.
0:00:34 > 0:00:35- Get your tomatoes here!
0:00:36 > 0:00:41- After a wonderful stay with a Kenyan - family, it was time to move on.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- The journey to Tanzania was shorter - than the one from Britain!
0:00:46 > 0:00:49- The snow-capped summit - of Kilimanjaro...
0:00:49 > 0:00:52- ..reminded me of Rhosgadfan!
0:00:54 > 0:00:57- But there was no time to feel sad.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00- Nick from the charity CAFOD met me.
0:01:00 > 0:01:05- He took me to see a project - they're supporting in Loliondo.
0:01:06 > 0:01:10- It's quite a distance from Arusha, - in the Ngorongoro District.
0:01:10 > 0:01:15- We'll need a stop or two - during the nine-hour journey.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18- We're heading off.
0:01:19 > 0:01:21- We're leaving Arusha.
0:01:24 > 0:01:28- It's one of the country's - most developed and busiest towns.
0:01:31 > 0:01:36- But we're soon in the countryside, - travelling along a long, flat road.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39- There are interesting sights to see!
0:01:40 > 0:01:44- This termite mound - is taller than me.
0:01:44 > 0:01:49- Hundreds of thousands - of tiny termites live in it.
0:01:49 > 0:01:52- They built it all - with saliva and mud.
0:01:53 > 0:01:59- It's said that they eat more grass - than any other animal in Africa.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12- In an hour and a half, we reached - the little town of Mto Wa Mbu.
0:02:12 > 0:02:18- It means mosquito river in the - language of the local Maasai tribe.
0:02:20 > 0:02:24- The Ngorongoro Conservation Area - is a World Heritage Site.
0:02:25 > 0:02:30- Many tourists stop here before going - on safari in the Serengeti...
0:02:31 > 0:02:34- ..or to see the famous - Ngorongoro Crater.
0:02:34 > 0:02:38- Fewer people head northwards.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43- We've just turned off - the tarmac road.
0:02:44 > 0:02:47- We'll be travelling - along mud tracks for a week!
0:02:48 > 0:02:50- I won't have a backside left!
0:03:13 > 0:03:17- We're travelling - through the famous Great Rift Valley.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22- It stretches 6,500 kilometres - across the African continent.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- It was created - over 30 million years ago.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33- This region is called - the Crater Highlands.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40- Dust devils are a common sight.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44- They're formed - when hot winds begin to rotate...
0:03:45 > 0:03:48- ..and move along the land, - picking up dust as they go.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57- There are dust devils everywhere!
0:03:58 > 0:04:03- This one is huge. I wouldn't like - to get caught up in one of those!
0:04:06 > 0:04:10- They rarely cause problems or injury.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14- The Maasai call them amboseli.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21- The Maasai have lived in this area - for many years.
0:04:22 > 0:04:27- They live alongside wild animals - and other dangerous phenomena!
0:04:30 > 0:04:32- This crater is an old volcano.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37- There are many - in the Crater Highlands.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41- A crater is formed - when a volcano erupts.
0:04:43 > 0:04:47- There are volcanoes here too, - and this is the region's youngest.
0:04:50 > 0:04:54- Its Maasai name is Ol Doinyo Lengai, - the Mountain of God.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59- It's almost a perfect example - of a cone-shaped volcano.
0:05:02 > 0:05:07- Footprints were discovered - near the base of the mountain.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13- It's said that these - are the world's oldest footprints.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16- They were discovered in 2007...
0:05:16 > 0:05:20- ..by a Maasai - who passed by with his camels.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26- A US geology professor examined them.
0:05:26 > 0:05:32- He discovered - that they dated back 117,000 years.
0:05:33 > 0:05:36- The footprints' origins - are a mystery.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39- They might have been - running away from that!
0:05:39 > 0:05:42- It's still active, so I'll move on!
0:05:45 > 0:05:50- The volcano and footprints - are a tourist attraction.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56- Over the years, this little town - has grown hand in hand with tourism.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05- There isn't a hotel here, - but there are camps.
0:06:08 > 0:06:11- I think this is mine. See you later.
0:06:12 > 0:06:13- OK!
0:06:16 > 0:06:17- Well...
0:06:18 > 0:06:20- ..I think this is my bed.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23- We've reached the camp.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27- I have to put my own tent up.
0:06:36 > 0:06:40- Excellent. I have a bed - and a tent to shelter me.
0:06:41 > 0:06:43- Thank you very much.
0:06:43 > 0:06:49- Local lad Tomas and his mate - are employed in the camp.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52- It's on the shores of Lake Natron.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56- It's been here on Maasai land - since 1984.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- It's part of an ecotourism scheme.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03- A percentage of the money - paid by each guest...
0:07:03 > 0:07:06- ..will go to the local village...
0:07:06 > 0:07:11- ..towards schools - and other community projects.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18- The people who work here - are from the area.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21- They're local Maasai.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33- Maasai leader
0:07:37 > 0:07:40- Local materials, - such as wood and grass...
0:07:40 > 0:07:42- ..are used in the camp.
0:07:42 > 0:07:47- The Maasai sell them to the camp.
0:07:57 > 0:08:03- Before the camp, we had to travel - five to ten kilometres for water.
0:08:04 > 0:08:09- The Ngare Sero river's water - isn't clean.
0:08:12 > 0:08:17- Now, a long pipe leads - from the waterfall to the camp.
0:08:18 > 0:08:24- The camp shares its water - with the local village.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32- So, in general...
0:08:33 > 0:08:37- ..there is no water problem here.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44- Tourism is good because it helps us.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- Yes, tourism is important - to the Maasai today.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56- But their cattle - are even more important.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59- I'm going - to Lemra's village tomorrow...
0:09:00 > 0:09:03- ..to learn more - about the old Maasai way of life.
0:09:04 > 0:09:08- So I was off for an early night - to sleep with the mosquitoes!
0:09:10 > 0:09:11- Goodnight.
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0:09:32 > 0:09:35- I've been invited - to a Maasai house.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- It reminds me of a nest.
0:09:43 > 0:09:48- They have to use whatever - is at hand to build the house.
0:09:48 > 0:09:49- Wood.
0:09:49 > 0:09:54- Cattle dung is used - to plaster the walls.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58- Importantly, - it shields them from the sun.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02- When you live in a hot country, - shade is vital.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12- Oh, thank you.
0:10:13 > 0:10:14- Thank you.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17- Iechyd da!
0:10:19 > 0:10:22- I was quite wary - of drinking the cuppa.
0:10:22 > 0:10:25- I didn't know how it would taste.
0:10:25 > 0:10:30- It's as nice as all the tea - I've drunk while I'm in Africa!
0:10:31 > 0:10:34- I'll move to Africa - just for the tea!
0:10:49 > 0:10:54- The Maasai are accustomed - to tourists like me.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58- Jewellery - is an important source of income.
0:10:59 > 0:11:01- They're made and sold - by the women...
0:11:02 > 0:11:06- ..to buy school uniforms - for their children.
0:11:06 > 0:11:11- But the tribe still sticks - to the traditional way of life.
0:11:17 > 0:11:20- The Maasai are nomadic people.
0:11:20 > 0:11:23- They travel miles - so that their cattle can graze.
0:11:23 > 0:11:29- Cattle are the most important things - in their lives.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35- Children learn to look after cattle - from an early age.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41- Once the boys are teenagers, they - learn to become warriors, or Moran.
0:11:44 > 0:11:49- I used to be a Moran.
0:11:49 > 0:11:52- Nice to meet you. Jambo, jambo!
0:11:53 > 0:11:57- My name is Russell.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06- My name is Naibala Korongoro.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09- I'm 78 years old.
0:12:10 > 0:12:12- I don't do anything nowadays!
0:12:13 > 0:12:16- I'll just drink alcohol till I die!
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- After training in the wild - to be a Moran...
0:12:26 > 0:12:30- ..the boys know - where to take the cows to graze...
0:12:30 > 0:12:32- ..and they can follow the rain.
0:12:32 > 0:12:36- They return home - every three or four months.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42- On their return, - the boys sing and dance...
0:12:42 > 0:12:46- ..to explain what has happened - since they last saw each other.
0:12:51 > 0:12:55- They pass stories on - to the youngest children.
0:12:55 > 0:13:00- The children learn from the Moran - how to do this in the future.
0:13:01 > 0:13:05- That explains - the two different age groups.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10- Dancing also enables them - to look at the girls...
0:13:10 > 0:13:13- ..for when it's time - to choose a wife.
0:13:15 > 0:13:19- It'll be years before they marry - and have children...
0:13:19 > 0:13:22- ..because they need - their own herd first.
0:13:22 > 0:13:28- Most Maasai men don't marry - until they're 40 years old.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39- Even though the Maasai - are traditionally nomadic...
0:13:39 > 0:13:43- ..they tend to settle - in one place for longer nowadays.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46- More children attend school...
0:13:46 > 0:13:49- ..and the tribe is evolving.
0:13:50 > 0:13:55- They came here in 1959 when they - were sent from the Serengeti...
0:13:55 > 0:13:58- ..after it became - a wildlife reserve.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02- That was in the days - before independence.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- But history is repeating itself.
0:14:06 > 0:14:10- The government is considering - moving the Maasai on again.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- I don't want to move. - We're close to water and grass.
0:14:17 > 0:14:20- It'll be unfair - if we're forced to move again.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24- The matter is still being discussed, - so we'll see.
0:14:24 > 0:14:28- The Maasai are firm believers - in discussion.
0:14:28 > 0:14:31- For years, they fought - against another tribe...
0:14:32 > 0:14:35- ..over cows, grazing land and water.
0:14:35 > 0:14:39- In 1995, after discussion - with the Sonjo tribe...
0:14:39 > 0:14:41- ..the war finally ended.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46- Now there's no problem - with the Sonjo.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50- We live side by side, - and we eat together.
0:14:52 > 0:14:57- We've agreed - to put an end to the fighting.
0:14:58 > 0:15:00- I was glad to hear that...
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- ..because we were heading - into Sonjo territory.
0:15:04 > 0:15:08- My poor backside - was in for another rough ride!
0:15:12 > 0:15:15- But the road and landscape - changed again.
0:15:17 > 0:15:21- It was nice to see - green and fertile land...
0:15:21 > 0:15:23- ..as we approached Samunge.
0:15:25 > 0:15:30- Very few people here understand - English, and certainly not Welsh!
0:15:31 > 0:15:37- One of the crew had a phone that had - a Swahili language programme.
0:15:43 > 0:15:45- Yes.
0:15:46 > 0:15:48- No.
0:15:50 > 0:15:52- Thank you.
0:15:53 > 0:15:55- Thank you very much.
0:15:58 > 0:16:01- My name is... Russell.
0:16:06 > 0:16:08- Doctor.
0:16:14 > 0:16:18- I think I've eaten - something that was off.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22- Diarrhoea.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- Thankfully, I didn't have to use - everything that I learnt!
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- At least I could say hello!
0:16:38 > 0:16:40- Samunge is quite developed.
0:16:41 > 0:16:45- It had a mix of new buildings - and traditional homes.
0:16:46 > 0:16:48- Nick and I met William...
0:16:49 > 0:16:54- ..from CAFOD's partner, - the Archdiocese of Arusha.
0:16:54 > 0:16:57- They run a scheme - to help local people.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01- I was shocked - by the welcome that we received!
0:17:04 > 0:17:05- Hello.
0:17:07 > 0:17:08- Hello.
0:17:09 > 0:17:11- SINGING
0:17:44 > 0:17:47- I felt quite important!
0:17:47 > 0:17:52- All special visitors are welcomed - in this way, according to William.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57- We introduced ourselves - after the singing.
0:17:57 > 0:17:58- Nick first...
0:17:59 > 0:18:00- ..and then me.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04- Hi, Samunge!
0:18:04 > 0:18:10- I'd like to thank you - for the warm welcome.
0:18:10 > 0:18:14- I look forward - to seeing how you farm.
0:18:15 > 0:18:20- Maybe we can help each other - and learn from one another.
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- The first thing I learnt - was that the village...
0:18:24 > 0:18:28- ..was prominent - in the local CAFOD scheme.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31- It's one of three local villages...
0:18:31 > 0:18:36- ..that are supported to encourage - strong, self-sufficient communities.
0:18:41 > 0:18:45- We're all going for a drink - and a bite to eat.
0:18:46 > 0:18:50- This is how they want to welcome us.
0:18:57 > 0:19:02- Evelyn is one of the villagers - who has benefited from the scheme.
0:19:06 > 0:19:11- Evelyn and her husband Charles - live in a traditional home.
0:19:13 > 0:19:15- They have three children.
0:19:17 > 0:19:18- Hello!
0:19:24 > 0:19:28- A year ago, she travelled - with a group of farmers...
0:19:28 > 0:19:32- ..to see how farmers in another part - of Tanzania kept hens.
0:19:36 > 0:19:37- On my way back...
0:19:38 > 0:19:42- ..I stopped in Moshi to buy - five chicks to bring back with me.
0:19:44 > 0:19:49- At the time, I didn't - even have a hut to keep them.
0:19:51 > 0:19:55- Then I had problems with diseases - and three hens died.
0:19:55 > 0:19:59- I was trained to treat the disease - and the rest were fine.
0:20:02 > 0:20:07- Only two survived, but one was a hen - and the other a cockerel, luckily!
0:20:08 > 0:20:12- Evelyn is a good example - of CAFOD's work in the area.
0:20:12 > 0:20:16- They show people - how to look after themselves...
0:20:17 > 0:20:20- ..with small animals - rather than large ones.
0:20:20 > 0:20:25- Large animals die faster - in a hot and arid climate.
0:20:26 > 0:20:31- But the little animals are easy - to look after when times are hard.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36- She started with a few hens, - and now she has 30!
0:20:47 > 0:20:48- Thank you.
0:20:48 > 0:20:53- Keeping hens has changed - Evelyn's life for the better...
0:20:54 > 0:20:56- ..in a short space of time.
0:20:56 > 0:21:01- She uses the extra income - to buy cooking oil and sugar.
0:21:05 > 0:21:06- Let's pray.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- They also have cattle and land.
0:21:12 > 0:21:16- The scheme has taught them - effective farming techniques.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20- Sharing the workload - between husband and wife...
0:21:21 > 0:21:24- ..means that they have more time - to enjoy as a family.
0:21:25 > 0:21:30- It's good to see people - benefiting from keeping hens.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33- People think - that they're dirty and messy...
0:21:34 > 0:21:37- ..and that they ruin gardens.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41- But they've enhanced - these people's lives.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45- I derive a lot of pleasure - from keeping hens.
0:21:46 > 0:21:50- I enjoy teaching others about them - all over the world!
0:21:51 > 0:21:54- Isn't that good? Iechyd da!
0:21:54 > 0:21:55- Iechyd da!
0:21:56 > 0:21:57- Iechyd da!
0:21:58 > 0:21:59- Iechyd da!
0:22:09 > 0:22:14- I met a woman who bought a house, - a bike and a radio by keeping hens.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18- I'm doing well, - but I want to take it further.
0:22:18 > 0:22:22- I want to build a house - and have more room for farming...
0:22:22 > 0:22:25- ..and sell ten cockerels - for 10,000Ksh each.
0:22:25 > 0:22:30- Then I'll have money - to realize the scheme.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09- We're having a traditional feast...
0:23:10 > 0:23:15- ..of rice, goat, plantain - and tomatoes, which looks lovely.
0:23:16 > 0:23:17- Iechyd da.
0:23:18 > 0:23:20- I enjoyed every morsel!
0:23:23 > 0:23:26- On the next programme, - I'll be busy ploughing...
0:23:27 > 0:23:31- ..milking, tasting honey - straight from the trees...
0:23:32 > 0:23:35- ..and seeing thousands of flamingos!
0:23:49 > 0:23:51- S4C Subtitles by Gwead
0:23:51 > 0:23:51- .