Pennod 4

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0:00:27 > 0:00:30- Well, it's been - quite a journey so far.

0:00:30 > 0:00:32- After flying from Kenya - to Tanzania...

0:00:32 > 0:00:37- ..I travelled through the - amazing landscape of Ngorongoro...

0:00:37 > 0:00:39- ..and met the Maasai.

0:00:40 > 0:00:43- In the village of Samunge, - I met William Msuya.

0:00:43 > 0:00:45- He works for the diocese of Arusha.

0:00:46 > 0:00:49- The diocese runs a scheme - to support local farmers.

0:00:49 > 0:00:53- I was delighted to meet Evelyn - who has experienced great change...

0:00:54 > 0:00:56- ..since she started - to keep chickens.

0:01:02 > 0:01:07- William and I are in the fields - owned by Evelyn's husband, Charles.

0:01:07 > 0:01:11- He's ploughing a plot of land over - there. I'm going to have a go at it.

0:01:25 > 0:01:26- How are you?

0:01:27 > 0:01:31- Samunge, Iasamdito and Digodigo - are three villages near Loliondo.

0:01:31 > 0:01:35- They are part of a scheme - supported by the charity, CAFOD...

0:01:35 > 0:01:39- ..to improve living standards - in the area.

0:01:40 > 0:01:42- The Sonjo tribe lives here.

0:01:43 > 0:01:45- The tribe has been farming - for centuries.

0:01:46 > 0:01:49- But for many years, - they were at war with the Maasai.

0:01:50 > 0:01:54- Modern farming methods - only recently reached here.

0:01:58 > 0:02:02- Look at those cattle. - There aren't any like that in Wales.

0:02:03 > 0:02:04- They are Zebu cattle.

0:02:05 > 0:02:07- They have lumps on their backs.

0:02:07 > 0:02:09- They store fat in there.

0:02:09 > 0:02:14- These cattle can cope with - hot weather and lack of water.

0:02:16 > 0:02:20- When times are hard, they have - their stored fat to sustain them.

0:02:23 > 0:02:25- The earth is very hard.

0:02:26 > 0:02:29- The sun has baked it.

0:02:30 > 0:02:34- The only way to get air into it - is to turn it like this.

0:02:35 > 0:02:41- If they used hand tools, - they'd be here for weeks.

0:02:45 > 0:02:48- It was a hard job - to keep the plough in the earth.

0:02:49 > 0:02:52- But until the mid-1980s, - only hand tools were used.

0:02:52 > 0:02:56- In 1984, someone came from - the department of agriculture...

0:02:57 > 0:03:00- ..with a plough - and taught them how to use it.

0:03:00 > 0:03:03- At the time, the Sonjo tribe - was still at war with the Maasai.

0:03:04 > 0:03:07- When the official came back - a few months later...

0:03:07 > 0:03:11- ..he discovered that they'd - dismantled the plough...

0:03:11 > 0:03:13- ..and used the metal - to make weapons.

0:03:17 > 0:03:20- Tanzania is still - a developing country.

0:03:21 > 0:03:24- As we've developed the use - of machines at home...

0:03:24 > 0:03:28- ..and have fewer people - working on the land...

0:03:28 > 0:03:31- ..perhaps they'll be the same - in ten years' time.

0:03:41 > 0:03:45- Although farming methods - are still developing here...

0:03:45 > 0:03:50- ..some things are much more advanced - than ours at home.

0:03:50 > 0:03:53- They have a system - to create methane.

0:03:53 > 0:03:56- How many of these - do you see at home?

0:03:56 > 0:03:58- They make it from cow manure.

0:03:59 > 0:04:02- The manure goes in here.

0:04:03 > 0:04:05- It starts here.

0:04:06 > 0:04:11- There are two spaces - one for - the manure and one for the water.

0:04:11 > 0:04:14- They mix the water with the manure.

0:04:19 > 0:04:25- What happens is that the manure - fills that and comes up to the top.

0:04:26 > 0:04:29- But over time, it goes down.

0:04:29 > 0:04:35- The gas starts to fill - the top quarter of the tank.

0:04:36 > 0:04:40- As the gas fills the top quarter - of the cylinder...

0:04:41 > 0:04:45- ..it pushes out the rotted manure - into this chamber.

0:04:46 > 0:04:49- It comes out of a hole on this side.

0:04:50 > 0:04:53- This is then used for tillage.

0:04:53 > 0:04:57- The gas from this system is used to - cook the vegetables that grow...

0:04:58 > 0:04:59- ..out of the rotted manure.

0:05:00 > 0:05:02- It will be composted - and won't smell.

0:05:02 > 0:05:05- This system works extremely well.

0:05:05 > 0:05:07- It is a very simple process.

0:05:07 > 0:05:10- Why don't we use - something like this at home?

0:05:10 > 0:05:12- Well done, Marek.

0:05:15 > 0:05:16- Well done.

0:05:16 > 0:05:17- It's very good.

0:05:18 > 0:05:20- I'll have to have - one of these at home.

0:05:25 > 0:05:29- Learning more about keeping cattle - is also part of the scheme...

0:05:29 > 0:05:31- ..that William is working on.

0:05:31 > 0:05:34- One morning, we went to see - Nuru Samde Sebani.

0:05:35 > 0:05:39- She has seen her cattle's - milk yield increase...

0:05:39 > 0:05:41- ..since joining the project.

0:05:45 > 0:05:48- I keep goats, sheep, - cows and chickens.

0:05:49 > 0:05:52- Nothing else.

0:06:06 > 0:06:13- I usually get ten litres - per day from the cows.

0:06:13 > 0:06:19- I use about half of it at home - for drinking and cooking.

0:06:22 > 0:06:28- I swap or sell the other half - to pay bills.

0:06:38 > 0:06:42- I have to get hold of it - with just my finger and thumb.

0:06:44 > 0:06:46- I have to pull the milk down - from the udder.

0:06:53 > 0:06:56- They don't use a bucket - to hold the milk but this.

0:06:56 > 0:06:58- It's called a calabash.

0:06:58 > 0:07:01- You have to milk them - where they stand.

0:07:01 > 0:07:06- If you used a bucket, they'd kick it - over and the milk would be wasted.

0:07:09 > 0:07:12- I'm getting quite a lot of milk - from this cow.

0:07:12 > 0:07:14- They have very small teats.

0:07:15 > 0:07:18- At home, we breed them - with longer teats...

0:07:18 > 0:07:23- ..so that we can get our hands - right around them.

0:07:26 > 0:07:30- With a family of seven children - and another on the way...

0:07:30 > 0:07:33- ..selling the milk - is very important for Nuru.

0:07:33 > 0:07:37- While we were there, her friend, - Zephaniah, came to buy some.

0:07:38 > 0:07:40- He had brought his own calabash.

0:07:46 > 0:07:50- William and I were invited to the - house of Zephaniah and his wife.

0:07:52 > 0:07:55- They are also participating - in the scheme in Iasamdito.

0:08:00 > 0:08:02- COCK CROWS

0:08:11 > 0:08:17- We have nine children - aged between 22 and 6 years old.

0:08:17 > 0:08:24- We grow crops and keep chickens.

0:08:24 > 0:08:33- Our income derives from selling - our crops and hens' eggs.

0:08:33 > 0:08:37- We are also church leaders.

0:08:37 > 0:08:41- My husband is a minister.

0:08:50 > 0:08:56- We've been keeping chickens - since 2009.

0:09:00 > 0:09:05- We started with two chickens - in one small shed.

0:09:05 > 0:09:11- Then we were given a bigger shed by - the project and increased our stock.

0:09:12 > 0:09:18- Now we have a lot of chickens - and we sell eggs and chickens too.

0:09:30 > 0:09:34- Winfreida has asked us - to help her...

0:09:34 > 0:09:40- ..repair and heighten the fence - around the chickens.

0:09:41 > 0:09:44- She says that the chickens - are escaping...

0:09:44 > 0:09:48- ..where this wire meets the fence.

0:09:50 > 0:09:52- She doesn't want them to escape.

0:09:57 > 0:10:02- We have managed to pay school fees - for three of our children.

0:10:02 > 0:10:05- We buy items such as sugar, tea, - salt and cooking oil...

0:10:06 > 0:10:08- ..with what we make - from the chickens.

0:10:18 > 0:10:19- This is quite an old cockerel.

0:10:20 > 0:10:23- He has a bit of a cold.

0:10:23 > 0:10:25- You can hear his chest wheezing.

0:10:27 > 0:10:31- The trouble is - there are too many cockerels.

0:10:31 > 0:10:33- Look at his head - - it's all bloody.

0:10:34 > 0:10:35- He's been fighting.

0:10:39 > 0:10:41- He's been fighting too much, - this one.

0:10:43 > 0:10:45- Look at the mess on his face.

0:10:48 > 0:10:50- There are too many cockerels - for the hens.

0:10:51 > 0:10:56- I did my best to persuade Winfreida - to get rid of some of the cockerels.

0:10:56 > 0:10:58- For the sake of the hens.

0:10:59 > 0:11:02- Later on, I hope to get rid of one.

0:11:02 > 0:11:02- .

0:11:17 > 0:11:19- 888- - 888

0:11:25 > 0:11:28- William and I have come to the - market in the village of Digodigo...

0:11:28 > 0:11:32- ..where Winfreida and Zephaniah - are selling eggs.

0:11:32 > 0:11:35- And yes, we have one - of the cockerels with us.

0:11:39 > 0:11:40- There's one over there.

0:11:42 > 0:11:48- Winfreida has just sold the eggs - for 4,000 shilling, around 2.00.

0:11:49 > 0:11:50- That's for fifty eggs.

0:11:51 > 0:11:54- They're now trying - to get rid of the cockerel.

0:11:54 > 0:11:57- I'm not sure how much - she'll get for it. Let's find out!

0:12:09 > 0:12:14- Winfreida has sold the cockerel - for 10,000 shilling - about 5.00.

0:12:14 > 0:12:17- The eggs have all gone too.

0:12:19 > 0:12:23- This market is considerably smaller - than the one I visited in Kenya.

0:12:23 > 0:12:26- But it's busy enough!

0:12:27 > 0:12:31- Digodigo is part of the scheme - supported by CAFOD.

0:12:32 > 0:12:36- I was thrilled to hear how - the three villages have developed.

0:12:42 > 0:12:47- A year ago, there was only - one shop in Samunge.

0:12:47 > 0:12:52- But now, the place is thriving and - houses are being built everywhere.

0:12:52 > 0:12:57- More children now go to school and - the standard of living is improving.

0:12:59 > 0:13:03- The scheme teaches people - to do things for themselves...

0:13:03 > 0:13:06- ..and to work together - as a community.

0:13:06 > 0:13:12- By using more modern methods, - things are improving year on year.

0:13:13 > 0:13:16- But there's still room - for some of the older methods.

0:13:17 > 0:13:20- Before leaving, - I was fortunate enough...

0:13:20 > 0:13:23- ..to see honey being collected - from a beehive in the woods.

0:13:28 > 0:13:33- Wild bees often make a home - in an old, rotten tree trunk.

0:13:33 > 0:13:36- These men have moved the trunk - up the tree...

0:13:37 > 0:13:39- ..so that it isn't disturbed.

0:13:41 > 0:13:46- They blow smoke into the trunk - to keep the bees busy...

0:13:46 > 0:13:50- ..while they collect the honey.

0:13:50 > 0:13:53- The bees think their home - is in danger of burning down...

0:13:54 > 0:13:57- ..so they try to eat all the honey.

0:13:57 > 0:13:59- They're so preoccupied doing that...

0:13:59 > 0:14:02- ..they're not interested - in stinging anyone.

0:14:05 > 0:14:09- But I don't think they're wise - doing this without wearing a suit.

0:14:11 > 0:14:17- Wherever you are in the world, - bees are a gardener's best friend.

0:14:17 > 0:14:22- They help to pollinate plants - to ensure they grow fruit.

0:14:26 > 0:14:30- I didn't want to get any closer - while they collected the honey...

0:14:30 > 0:14:33- ..but nothing's going to stop me - trying it!

0:14:42 > 0:14:43- Thank you.

0:14:53 > 0:14:55- Very good.

0:15:05 > 0:15:08- This has made my trip to Africa - worthwhile!

0:15:09 > 0:15:11- It's very sweet.

0:15:11 > 0:15:13- Fresh from the beehive!

0:15:15 > 0:15:18- The population of bees throughout - the world is in decline.

0:15:18 > 0:15:22- It's important we do whatever we can - to protect them.

0:15:22 > 0:15:25- I was glad to see that the Sonjo - had so much respect for them.

0:15:29 > 0:15:33- Although I was very happy in the - company of the local people...

0:15:33 > 0:15:36- ..I must admit, I was ready - for the next part of the trip.

0:15:40 > 0:15:42- I was on my way home...

0:15:42 > 0:15:47- ..and thinking about returning - to Rhosgadfan to Jen and Bleddyn.

0:15:47 > 0:15:52- But before leaving Tanzania, there - were a few things to see on the way.

0:15:52 > 0:15:55- The first was Lake Natron.

0:16:00 > 0:16:03- Lake Natron is quite a lake!

0:16:04 > 0:16:07- It lies at the most southerly point - of the Rift Valley.

0:16:07 > 0:16:11- But 500 years ago, - it covered this entire area.

0:16:13 > 0:16:16- The water is very salty - - almost pure ammonia.

0:16:20 > 0:16:22- But it's perfect - for one particular animal.

0:16:25 > 0:16:28- They say there's a pot of gold - at the end of every rainbow...

0:16:29 > 0:16:31- ..but for me, there are birds.

0:16:31 > 0:16:33- Over there, there are flamingos.

0:16:34 > 0:16:38- Lake Natron is the world's - most important breeding site...

0:16:38 > 0:16:40- ..for the flamingo.

0:16:40 > 0:16:44- Around two million of them - are bred here every year.

0:16:44 > 0:16:47- Their pink feathers and legs...

0:16:47 > 0:16:50- ..have formed - because of the algae they eat.

0:16:50 > 0:16:54- There's plenty of that - in salty water.

0:16:54 > 0:16:57- But although there are - plenty of them here...

0:16:57 > 0:17:00- ..the flamingo is under threat.

0:17:00 > 0:17:03- Recently, an Indian company - tried to get permission...

0:17:04 > 0:17:08- ..to build a factory that would - extract salt from the water.

0:17:08 > 0:17:13- But the reaction from the RSPB - has been enough to keep them at bay.

0:17:47 > 0:17:49- As the flamingos fly away...

0:17:49 > 0:17:53- ..it's almost time - for me to fly home.

0:17:54 > 0:17:56- But I fancy a cuppa - before leaving...

0:17:56 > 0:17:59- ..and what would be better - than some local coffee.

0:18:00 > 0:18:05- Arabica coffee is grown - on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro.

0:18:05 > 0:18:09- I'm going to the village - of Msuni for my cuppa.

0:18:10 > 0:18:15- The local coffee growing association - arranges trips for tourists.

0:18:16 > 0:18:21- Today, I'm welcomed on the farm - of Rafael and Flora Msuki.

0:18:24 > 0:18:28- The Chagga tribe has been - growing coffee for years.

0:18:28 > 0:18:31- They learned from their fathers - how to work with nature...

0:18:32 > 0:18:34- ..and respect the trees.

0:18:35 > 0:18:38- They plant the coffee shrubs - in between banana trees...

0:18:38 > 0:18:40- ..to give them shade.

0:18:41 > 0:18:47- This is a coffee plant. - The berries are ready to be picked.

0:18:54 > 0:18:59- Don't pick the yellow ones, - just the red ones.

0:18:59 > 0:19:04- The red ones are ripe.

0:19:07 > 0:19:10- The harvest season lasts six months.

0:19:10 > 0:19:14- From October to March, - Flora and Rafael...

0:19:15 > 0:19:18- ..are busy picking and drying - the coffee before selling it.

0:19:18 > 0:19:25- 75% of the family's income - comes from growing coffee.

0:19:25 > 0:19:30- Since 2000, local farmers - have turned to organic methods.

0:19:30 > 0:19:33- Although the plants - are prone to more diseases...

0:19:34 > 0:19:37- ..they get a far better price - for their coffee.

0:19:44 > 0:19:46- This machine crushes the berries.

0:19:47 > 0:19:49- This is usually the man's job.

0:19:50 > 0:19:52- After picking the berries...

0:19:52 > 0:19:56- ..we place them in the machine - and turn the handle.

0:19:57 > 0:20:05- The seeds come out in the front - and the pulp comes out in the back.

0:20:12 > 0:20:16- Flora has now separated the coffee - seeds from the coffee berries...

0:20:16 > 0:20:18- ..and has washed them.

0:20:18 > 0:20:22- We're now ready for the next process - of drying the seeds.

0:20:23 > 0:20:27- They dry out the coffee - for five hours a day...

0:20:27 > 0:20:30- ..and cover it - for the rest of the time.

0:20:30 > 0:20:35- Too much sun makes the coffee - lose water and taste.

0:20:35 > 0:20:38- After around four to five days...

0:20:38 > 0:20:41- ..they carry the coffee - to the association's building...

0:20:42 > 0:20:44- ..where it's stored - before going to the market.

0:20:45 > 0:20:49- Fairtrade companies throughout - the world buy coffee from this area.

0:20:50 > 0:20:53- They share part of their profits - with the farmers.

0:20:54 > 0:20:58- They give a share of the profits - back to the farmers.

0:20:59 > 0:21:01- In the language of Chagga, - we call this "Baki"...

0:21:02 > 0:21:03- ..a gift that gives hope.

0:21:04 > 0:21:08- When fairtrade companies come back, - we're happy to sell them our coffee.

0:21:12 > 0:21:14- Part of the coffee tour - for tourists...

0:21:15 > 0:21:18- ..is seeing some of the fresh coffee - being roasted and crushed...

0:21:19 > 0:21:20- ..to make a cuppa.

0:21:21 > 0:21:23- I was looking forward - to tasting one.

0:21:29 > 0:21:31- They're starting to turn brown now.

0:21:42 > 0:21:45- They smell fantastic.

0:21:52 > 0:21:55- It's been an interesting process.

0:21:55 > 0:21:58- I've enjoyed seeing - where our coffee at home comes from.

0:21:58 > 0:22:00- There's a wonderful taste to it.

0:22:01 > 0:22:06- It's been worth every step - to come and taste this coffee.

0:22:07 > 0:22:09- Iechyd da!

0:22:12 > 0:22:15- Yes, it was "Iechyd da" - and farewell...

0:22:15 > 0:22:18- ..as I turned around and made - my way back to Arusha airport...

0:22:19 > 0:22:21- ..to catch my flight back - to dear Rhosgadfan.

0:22:22 > 0:22:28- I'll have plenty of stories - to tell Bledd for years to come!

0:22:48 > 0:22:49- Hello!

0:22:51 > 0:22:53- Hello, cutie.

0:22:54 > 0:22:58- It's nice to be back home - with Jen and Bleddyn.

0:23:00 > 0:23:07- Africa has made me look - at things from a different angle.

0:23:07 > 0:23:10- I'm looking forward to the season.

0:23:26 > 0:23:28- S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.