0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:29 > 0:00:32- I've come to the hills of Llanddewi.
0:00:33 > 0:00:36- I'm visiting Aberdeuddwr Farm.
0:00:36 > 0:00:39- Its name means - 'confluence of two rivers'...
0:00:39 > 0:00:44- ..the Brefi and the Dulas, which - join and flow down to Llanddewi.
0:00:45 > 0:00:49- Dafydd Davies and his brother, Huw, - were raised at this farm.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53- Huw lives here, - and Dafydd often helps him.
0:00:53 > 0:00:59- Dafydd is well-known as one - of Europe's best stickmakers.
0:00:59 > 0:01:02- He makes his sticks - at his home in Llanddewi...
0:01:03 > 0:01:06- ..but I think he's around here, - somewhere.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18- It's a fine day.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25- Aberdeuddwr Farm is located - up the Brefi Valley...
0:01:25 > 0:01:30- ..three miles from the village - of Llanddewi Brefi, near Tregaron.
0:01:30 > 0:01:35- Dafydd Davies's career is very - different from his brother's.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39- His main interest - is making shepherd's crooks.
0:01:40 > 0:01:44- But he's always ready - to help Huw on the farm.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48- You've been lending - a helping hand, Dafydd.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51- Yes, I get involved, - every now and then.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53- Where does this road lead?
0:01:53 > 0:01:58- It's a dead end, giving access - to Brynambor on one side...
0:01:58 > 0:02:01- ..and Ty Cornel Youth Hostel - on the other.
0:02:01 > 0:02:05- But there's a track - to Nant-llwyd and Soar y Mynydd...
0:02:05 > 0:02:09- ..that's accessible - to four-by-four vehicles.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12- This is a difficult area - to fence.
0:02:12 > 0:02:16- If it was beside the road, - we'd use a machine...
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- ..but we're above the road, - so we have to do it by hand.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22- It's a breath of fresh air...
0:02:22 > 0:02:26- ..for you to leave your shed - and its sawdust...
0:02:26 > 0:02:28- ..to give a helping hand.
0:02:28 > 0:02:29- I help from time to time.
0:02:30 > 0:02:33- During lambing, - I'm here for three or four weeks.
0:02:33 > 0:02:38- I also help when the sheep are - brought down from the mountain.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40- Mankind's first crafts.
0:02:40 > 0:02:45- Your father and your uncle - were known as the Aberdeuddwr boys.
0:02:45 > 0:02:46- Is that Aberdeuddwr?
0:02:46 > 0:02:48- Is that Aberdeuddwr?- - Yes, that's Aberdeuddwr Farm.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52- The farm extends - as far as the forest.
0:02:52 > 0:02:56- It's all a single holding - that also includes Carnau Farm...
0:02:57 > 0:03:01- ..Maen-yr-allor Farm and Cwm Brefi - Farm, and it covers 1,200 acres.
0:03:02 > 0:03:06- Huw, Dafydd's brother, keeps a - fine flock of Welsh Mountain sheep.
0:03:07 > 0:03:09- Like their predecessors...
0:03:09 > 0:03:14- ..the brothers know the importance - of constant improvement.
0:03:17 > 0:03:18- She's a useful dog, Huw.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22- She's alright - - she's still quite young.
0:03:22 > 0:03:24- Does she understand Welsh?
0:03:24 > 0:03:28- Yes, that's usually the case - in this area.
0:03:28 > 0:03:29- Are these the rams for next year?
0:03:29 > 0:03:30- Are these the rams for next year?- - A few, perhaps.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32- They look strong.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34- They're Welsh Mountain sheep.
0:03:34 > 0:03:35- They're Welsh Mountain sheep.- - Yes, most of them.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39- We cross older ewes with Bluefaceds - to produce Mules.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42- You've done a lot - to improve the land.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46- You're not involved - in stickmaking, are you?
0:03:46 > 0:03:49- No - I just supply the horns.
0:03:49 > 0:03:52- That's an important job too.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59- The brothers breed rams in the - shadow of Aberdeuddwr farmhouse.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03- A few will be sold soon, - and the others will be kept.
0:04:07 > 0:04:08- Your rams are popular.
0:04:08 > 0:04:13- People come all the way from the - South Wales valleys to buy them.
0:04:13 > 0:04:15- They have nice white heads.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19- My father preferred - a white head rather than red.
0:04:19 > 0:04:24- A red head may indicate toughness, - but he preferred a clean head.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26- I'm the same.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29- Your father and your uncle - bought and sold sheep.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33- Yes, they worked as dealers, - selling in Brecon.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37- His grandfather's brother, - old Uncle Sam...
0:04:37 > 0:04:41- ..was the last drover in our area - to walk his sheep to Brecon.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45- They had a pitch - at the market in Brecon...
0:04:45 > 0:04:48- ..a pitch that they rented - from the council.
0:04:49 > 0:04:53- They sold ewe lambs and ewes - to farmers from South Wales.
0:04:53 > 0:04:58- Of course, the most important thing - you're looking for in any ram...
0:04:58 > 0:05:01- ..is a good horn for stickmaking.
0:05:01 > 0:05:06- Yes, I look among the older rams, - the ones that have lost their teeth.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10- The horns need to have matured - to their full strength.
0:05:10 > 0:05:16- I use modern presses in the workshop - to bend and shape the horns.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19- It means I can produce - better sticks.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- Was stickmaking - something you always wanted to do?
0:05:23 > 0:05:26- You've produced hundreds of sticks.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30- I was interested - in producing furniture, initially.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34- Then it occurred to me - that I could sell sticks as well.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38- The stickmaking business took over - from the furniture business.
0:05:39 > 0:05:41- Sticks are all I make, now.
0:05:42 > 0:05:46- Dafydd and his wife, Carys, - live next door to the workshop...
0:05:46 > 0:05:49- ..in the centre of Llanddewi Brefi.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52- The building looks old...
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- ..but it's full of the latest - woodworking equipment.
0:05:57 > 0:06:02- Llanddewi has won the Best Kept - Village in Wales award four times.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05- It's an ideal place to live.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12- Hello there!
0:06:12 > 0:06:16- I've never seen so much furniture, - and so many pipes!
0:06:16 > 0:06:18- Yes, it's like the Mersey Tunnel!
0:06:19 > 0:06:22- What's the purpose - of all these pipes?
0:06:22 > 0:06:24- They remove dust.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28- The machines create a lot of dust, - which is bad for the chest.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32- The pipes extend up - through workshop...
0:06:33 > 0:06:36- ..and there's a big vacuum motor - at the other end.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41- Your sticks are sold to people - all over the world.
0:06:41 > 0:06:47- Yes - the internet is the best thing - ever for selling my work.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51- I don't have to leave Wales, I don't - even have to leave the house.
0:06:52 > 0:06:57- I can sell over the internet by just - sitting down and pressing buttons.
0:06:57 > 0:07:01- But I still have to go to my - workshop and create the produce.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05- There are lots of stickmakers - in Wales.
0:07:05 > 0:07:09- But for most of them, - it's a hobby, not a business.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11- I decided to make a business of it.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15- I produce sticks - in order to sell them.
0:07:15 > 0:07:17- That was my starting point.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20- There aren't many people - who sell sticks.
0:07:20 > 0:07:24- Making a perfect, plain stick - is hard work.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27- If you're making - a more colourful stick...
0:07:27 > 0:07:31- ..decorated with the head - of a pheasant or a fish...
0:07:32 > 0:07:34- ..the decoration can hide a lot.
0:07:34 > 0:07:37- But a plain stick - is very difficult to get right.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40- I started with local trials...
0:07:40 > 0:07:45- ..and moved on to Welsh trials, - and then international trials.
0:07:45 > 0:07:49- World trials have been - an important opening for me.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- Nowadays, we have up to 27 countries - taking part.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59- My sticks sell all over the world - - to America, to Europe.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03- Four months ago, I received an order - from a man in Norway.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05- He wanted 15 sticks.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09- I have to finish that order - before Christmas...
0:08:09 > 0:08:11- ..and send them to Norway.
0:08:11 > 0:08:13- He will probably sell them on.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17- Do you make sticks solely from wood?
0:08:17 > 0:08:20- Very few sticks - are made solely from wood.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- Wooden sticks aren't as strong - as sticks made with horn.
0:08:24 > 0:08:26- A horn stick will last longer.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30- Most of my sticks - are made with Welsh rams' horns...
0:08:30 > 0:08:34- ..though I also import materials - such as buffalo horns...
0:08:35 > 0:08:36- ..things like that...
0:08:37 > 0:08:38- ..but not very often.
0:08:41 > 0:08:45- Dafydd, here we have - the raw material.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48- Without this, you'd have no sticks.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- How difficult is it - to obtain raw material?
0:08:51 > 0:08:53- It's getting more difficult.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56- I have a friend in Scotland.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- Together, we have a licence - to import horns from abroad.
0:09:00 > 0:09:04- We import horns - from places like India, Pakistan...
0:09:04 > 0:09:09- ..China, Vietnam, Africa - - all sorts of different places.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14- It's getting more difficult - to obtain horns from UK abattoirs.
0:09:15 > 0:09:18- Since the BSE - and foot and mouth crises...
0:09:18 > 0:09:21- ..there's been a clampdown - in UK abattoirs...
0:09:21 > 0:09:23- ..though it's still allowed.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28- The government has tried to apply - traceability to horn produce...
0:09:29 > 0:09:34- ..so that you record the details - of a horn's origin.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38- This is a buffalo horn - - a coloured buffalo horn.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- It's like marble - it has shades - of green, brown, blue...
0:09:42 > 0:09:44- ..and even white patches.
0:09:45 > 0:09:49- But they're very difficult - to obtain, at the moment.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52- It's not just a matter of rarity.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56- In Italy, they're popular - for making spectacle frames...
0:09:56 > 0:10:00- ..and in Japan, they're used - for making buttons for clothing.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03- So prices have been increasing.
0:10:03 > 0:10:07- Perhaps 10 or 12 years ago, - I'd pay 8 to 10 per horn...
0:10:07 > 0:10:11- ..today I pay 40 to 50 - per horn.
0:10:11 > 0:10:17- If I were to ask you - - this is an incredible display...
0:10:17 > 0:10:21- ..which type of horn - is your favourite?
0:10:21 > 0:10:23- Welsh rams' horns, every time.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25- It's a very rounded horn.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- It's the perfect horn - for making sticks...
0:10:29 > 0:10:31- ..especially shepherds' crooks.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34- The horn itself is rounded.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38- Compare it with this horn - from a Scottish Blackface ram.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40- It's a large, awkward horn.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43- It takes a lot of time - to work it into shape.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47- But the horn of a Welsh ram - is perfect.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50- When people sell horned rams...
0:10:51 > 0:10:55- ..the tips of the horns - are often trimmed.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00- When you obtain horns - where the tips have been trimmed...
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- ..would you regard them as damaged?
0:11:03 > 0:11:04- Yes.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07- There are blood vessels - inside the horn.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11- If these are damaged - and blood flows into the horn...
0:11:12 > 0:11:15- ..it acts like an acid - - it eats away at the horn.
0:11:15 > 0:11:19- This becomes evident - when you work on the horn...
0:11:19 > 0:11:21- ..there's a big hole in it.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24- When farmers trim horns, - it spoils them...
0:11:25 > 0:11:28- ..making them unsuitable - for stickmaking.
0:11:28 > 0:11:30- That's a huge one.
0:11:30 > 0:11:31- That's a huge one.- - This one?
0:11:32 > 0:11:34- It's from a Highland cow.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39- I happened to be up in Lancashire, - picking up rams' horns...
0:11:39 > 0:11:42- ..and I met a man - who kept Highland cattle.
0:11:43 > 0:11:44- It was an icy cold day.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48- A cow had got herself - stuck in a gate...
0:11:48 > 0:11:52- ..and she'd pulled this horn - completely off her head.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54- A vet was there, stitching her head.
0:11:55 > 0:11:57- She certainly had quite a headache!
0:11:57 > 0:12:01- If anyone from the National - Eisteddfod is watching...
0:12:01 > 0:12:05- ..here's a new Hirlas Horn for you, - from Llanddewi!
0:12:05 > 0:12:06- .
0:12:13 > 0:12:13- Subtitles
0:12:13 > 0:12:15- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:12:20 > 0:12:24- A mile or two from Aberdeuddwr, - in Cwm Brefi...
0:12:24 > 0:12:27- ..stands Dafydd Davies's - original home.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- Carnau Farm - is still owned by the family.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38- The farms retains its character.
0:12:38 > 0:12:40- Did you build these sheds?
0:12:41 > 0:12:44- We brought people in - to build the structures...
0:12:45 > 0:12:48- ..but it was up to us - to decide how we wanted them.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50- We did the internal work ourselves.
0:12:50 > 0:12:52- We did the internal work ourselves.- - What's the name of this farm?
0:12:52 > 0:12:54- It's called Carnau.
0:12:54 > 0:12:56- There's a cairn on the mountain.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59- It's the site of an ancient burial.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03- A pile of stones - marks the site of the burial.
0:13:03 > 0:13:07- People from Lampeter University - visit it often...
0:13:07 > 0:13:09- ..to investigate the burial.
0:13:11 > 0:13:13- The views are magnificent.
0:13:14 > 0:13:18- Yes, this land is still very open.
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- Is it your land, - as far as we can see?
0:13:22 > 0:13:26- Father always used to say, when - English people came to the farm...
0:13:27 > 0:13:29- .."As far as the eye can see."
0:13:30 > 0:13:31- What's that over there?
0:13:31 > 0:13:33- Is it an old ruin?
0:13:34 > 0:13:36- An old house - the old Cwm Brefi.
0:13:36 > 0:13:40- And then, in the distance, - the furthest mountain...
0:13:40 > 0:13:45- ..that's Cwm Brefi mountain, where - the River Brefi has its source.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48- It flows down through the village.
0:13:48 > 0:13:52- Llanddewi Brefi takes its name - from the river.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54- The river flows from the mountain.
0:13:54 > 0:13:55- The river flows from the mountain.- - Isn't there a verse?
0:13:55 > 0:14:00- "Fine Llanddewi Brefi, - where the ox bellowed nine times
0:14:00 > 0:14:03- "Until Craig y Foelallt - split in two"
0:14:03 > 0:14:07- We passed it on the way up - - there's a split down the middle.
0:14:07 > 0:14:11- According to legend, - one of the oxen fell dead...
0:14:11 > 0:14:16- ..the other ox bellowed nine times - and the rock split in two.
0:14:16 > 0:14:18- You can see it on the way back.
0:14:18 > 0:14:20- You've built lots of sheds.
0:14:21 > 0:14:22- Very tidy.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25- My father built the first shed...
0:14:25 > 0:14:29- ..then my brother decided - to put pens in the shed.
0:14:29 > 0:14:32- Lambing takes place indoors.
0:14:32 > 0:14:35- My brother and I cut some trees...
0:14:35 > 0:14:39- ..then we brought in a man - from Bala who had a mobile mill.
0:14:39 > 0:14:42- We'd cut some larch trees - from the hillside above.
0:14:43 > 0:14:45- The man sawed all the trees.
0:14:45 > 0:14:47- This was back in the '80s.
0:14:48 > 0:14:52- We used the timber - to build small pens inside the shed.
0:14:53 > 0:14:57- The quality of the wood is far - better than what we have today...
0:14:57 > 0:15:00- ..where you can push staples in - using just a finger!
0:15:01 > 0:15:06- Dafydd enjoys giving a helping hand - on the family farm.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09- But stickmaking - is still his main interest.
0:15:10 > 0:15:14- You can't keep him - out of his workshop for long.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17- He's an expert craftsman.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19- He's also a good teacher.
0:15:20 > 0:15:23- Let's see - if you're any good as a pupil.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25- Let's make a stick for you.
0:15:25 > 0:15:27- I'll show you the process.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30- I'll try to teach you - how to prepare a horn.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33- This process is called bulking.
0:15:33 > 0:15:36- The horn is worked - to make it rounded...
0:15:36 > 0:15:38- ..instead of this flat shape.
0:15:39 > 0:15:40- We're making it rounded.
0:15:41 > 0:15:42- We give it a camber.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- You can make this flat piece - rounded?
0:15:45 > 0:15:50- You heat it, and since it's fibrous, - you can manipulate it.
0:15:52 > 0:15:53- You heat the horn.
0:15:54 > 0:15:57- Not the inner part, - just the lower part.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59- Take it lower.
0:15:59 > 0:16:01- Don't go all over the place.
0:16:03 > 0:16:05- Did you ever listen at school?
0:16:05 > 0:16:08- Did you ever listen at school?
0:16:08 > 0:16:09- I said the lower part, not all over.
0:16:09 > 0:16:11- I said the lower part, not all over.- - Just the lower part?
0:16:11 > 0:16:14- Move upwards - about half an inch at a time.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16- Let's see if it moves.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18- It becomes like putty.
0:16:20 > 0:16:21- Just this spot?
0:16:21 > 0:16:24- That's right, just that part.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28- These two vices, - or whatever you call them...
0:16:28 > 0:16:32- ..that are holding the horn - - they're quite unusual.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- They're called presses.
0:16:34 > 0:16:39- The late Wil Edwards, - my brother-in-law, and I..
0:16:39 > 0:16:45- ...put our heads together - one day in the workshop...
0:16:45 > 0:16:48- ..and devised and constructed - these jigs.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52- It's taking a long time to heat.
0:16:52 > 0:16:56- It takes about 12 hours of work - to mould a whole horn.
0:16:57 > 0:17:00- People don't realise - how long it takes.
0:17:01 > 0:17:05- I like making plain sticks - - they're my ideal sticks.
0:17:05 > 0:17:10- I have a plain stick over here, - made using a Welsh ram's horn.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13- That's practically perfect.
0:17:13 > 0:17:15- Look at the horn.
0:17:15 > 0:17:17- It's clean.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20- Shaping a horn like this - is very difficult.
0:17:20 > 0:17:22- What wood is it - hazel?
0:17:22 > 0:17:23- The colour is wonderful.
0:17:23 > 0:17:24- The colour is wonderful.- - Yes, it's hazel.
0:17:25 > 0:17:26- It's multicoloured.
0:17:26 > 0:17:29- It reminds me of snakeskin.
0:17:29 > 0:17:33- There are lots of different colours - on the shank.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35- It's completely natural.
0:17:36 > 0:17:38- These trees grow in wet valleys...
0:17:38 > 0:17:43- ..where moss grows on the bark, - causing the colour to change.
0:17:43 > 0:17:48- The best place to find them these - days is under coniferous trees...
0:17:48 > 0:17:53- ..where very acid rainwater - drips on to the branches.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57- There's a lot of acidity - in coniferous trees...
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- ..and this causes the bark - to change colour.
0:18:01 > 0:18:05- They're hard to find, - but we have a few sources in Wales.
0:18:05 > 0:18:07- That's a superb stick.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10- It's won prizes at several shows.
0:18:10 > 0:18:12- It's a stick I want to keep.
0:18:12 > 0:18:17- It's won the champion stick award - several times at various shows.
0:18:18 > 0:18:21- Do you put more effort - into work for a competition?
0:18:21 > 0:18:25- Yes - you spend more time - perfecting the handle...
0:18:25 > 0:18:28- ..and the finishing, - the varnishing.
0:18:28 > 0:18:30- Everything must be perfect.
0:18:31 > 0:18:36- With sticks made for selling, I'd - usually apply two coats of varnish.
0:18:37 > 0:18:41- Sticks for competitions - need four or five coats.
0:18:42 > 0:18:46- I like to carve the animals - I see around me almost every day.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51- Of course, there are some - creatures, such as bald eagles...
0:18:51 > 0:18:53- ..that I don't see every day.
0:18:54 > 0:18:56- But it's a popular stick.
0:18:57 > 0:19:02- I make lots of these to sell to - countries like America and Canada.
0:19:02 > 0:19:04- Look at that beak!
0:19:04 > 0:19:06- Again, it's made from a single horn.
0:19:07 > 0:19:12- Nothing has been added to the horn - - it's just a single piece.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16- I heat the horn and draw the beak - to make it rounded.
0:19:17 > 0:19:21- Here's a new stick I made recently - for a local customer.
0:19:21 > 0:19:27- This woman's father, Bleddyn, - is celebrating his 60th birthday.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30- Bleddyn has working terriers.
0:19:30 > 0:19:37- But instead of carving a dog - on the handle, I've carved a fox.
0:19:38 > 0:19:43- On the other side, - I've carved his name, Bleddyn.
0:19:46 > 0:19:49- Here's a stick - that's a work in progress.
0:19:49 > 0:19:51- Here it is.
0:19:51 > 0:19:55- I'm carving the handle - to look like a red kite.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58- Most people think red kites - have red heads...
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- ..but in reality, - they have grey heads.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03- Their bodies are red.
0:20:04 > 0:20:06- So I'll be adding some red.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10- The head is grey - but there's some red in the neck.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13- I'll add more red towards the back.
0:20:14 > 0:20:19- The final element when making - a stick is placing the eyes.
0:20:19 > 0:20:22- The eyes bring the animal alive.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25- I have a golden eagle in the rack.
0:20:25 > 0:20:29- Let me show you what I've done - with the golden eagle.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31- I've put its eyes at an angle.
0:20:32 > 0:20:33- Can you see?
0:20:33 > 0:20:37- Its eyes are at an angle - so that it looks predatory.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39- You've put a lot of work into this.
0:20:40 > 0:20:42- That's where the power is.
0:20:42 > 0:20:43- It's very good.
0:20:44 > 0:20:48- Next time, I'll make one - with an open beak...
0:20:48 > 0:20:51- ..as if it's about to snatch - its prey.
0:20:52 > 0:20:57- Dafydd spends most of his time - in the workshop, making sticks.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- His wife, Carys, - has plenty to do, too.
0:21:02 > 0:21:06- This afternoon, she's polishing - shepherds' whistles...
0:21:06 > 0:21:08- ..made from sheep's horns.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- Carys, are you in charge - of the whistles?
0:21:13 > 0:21:15- I find them fascinating.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18- They make an incredible sound.
0:21:18 > 0:21:21- If you say so - - I can't get any sound from them!
0:21:22 > 0:21:27- The trouble is, plastic whistles - are formed in a mould.
0:21:27 > 0:21:31- They're rough - when they come out of the mould.
0:21:31 > 0:21:34- They're mass produced - in their thousands...
0:21:35 > 0:21:37- ..they're not made by hand.
0:21:38 > 0:21:40- But I make them all by hand.
0:21:41 > 0:21:42- They're made from horn?
0:21:42 > 0:21:44- They're made from horn?- - Yes, they're made from horn.
0:21:44 > 0:21:48- The thing about horn is that - it stays at the same temperature.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53- When you put it to your lips, - even in winter when it's freezing...
0:21:53 > 0:21:56- ..the whistle won't freeze you.
0:21:56 > 0:22:00- Freezing metal sticks to your lips - and can even draw blood.
0:22:00 > 0:22:04- Horn is always the same temperature.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06- It's an easy whistle to use.
0:22:06 > 0:22:11- You place it in your mouth and you - keep your tongue behind the whistle.
0:22:11 > 0:22:15- Then you just put the tip - of your tongue over the whistle.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19- HE WHISTLES
0:22:20 > 0:22:23- When you take a dog - out on the mountain...
0:22:24 > 0:22:27- ..it can hear this whistle - at distances up to a mile.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30- It makes a very high-pitched noise.
0:22:33 > 0:22:35- It's a very piercing sound.
0:22:36 > 0:22:40- If I sent my dog a mile away, - I'd need to give him a phone!
0:22:41 > 0:22:43- He wouldn't hear me, otherwise!
0:22:44 > 0:22:46- WHISTLING
0:22:59 > 0:23:01- Lie down, you rascal!
0:23:24 > 0:23:26- S4C subtitles by Trosol Cyf.
0:23:26 > 0:23:26- .