0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:17 > 0:00:20- Hello and welcome to Bore Da...
0:00:20 > 0:00:25- ..on Sunday morning, - 24 January.
0:00:26 > 0:00:30- This is what you can expect from now - until 11.30am.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34- Daf Wyn and the residents - of the Gwaun Valley...
0:00:34 > 0:00:36- ..wish us a happy Old New Year.
0:00:37 > 0:00:40- I'll take - a behind the scenes look...
0:00:41 > 0:00:44- ..at the popular series, - Sam ar y Sgrin.
0:00:44 > 0:00:48- There's a beef stew on the menu - in the Prynhawn Da kitchen.
0:00:48 > 0:00:53- We also visit the wonderful - Rhyd Ddu area in Snowdonia.
0:00:53 > 0:00:58- Make a cuppa, relax and stay - in our company for the next hour.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07- We start the programme by having - a look behind the scenes...
0:01:07 > 0:01:11- ..at one of S4C's - most popular series.
0:01:11 > 0:01:16- I wonder if you can guess - the programme from these clues.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18- It airs on Friday evenings...
0:01:19 > 0:01:22- ..and the presenter's name - is part of the title.
0:01:26 > 0:01:32- Today, I've come to the Tinopolis - studios at the heart of Llanelli.
0:01:32 > 0:01:36- Several programmes for S4C - are filmed at the studios...
0:01:37 > 0:01:40- ..including Heno, - Prynhawn Da and Bore Da.
0:01:41 > 0:01:46- Since 2012, it's also been home - to Aled Samuel's Sam ar y Sgrin.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- Let's take a look.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53- Sam ar y Sgrin is a programme that - looks back at the week's events...
0:01:54 > 0:01:56- ..in film and television.
0:01:56 > 0:02:00- The viewers can also share their - opinion on the week's programmes.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03- Aled Samuel is the presenter.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- That's the reason - behind the name, Sam ar y Sgrin.
0:02:07 > 0:02:11- I also present behind the scenes - items for the programme.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- Patricia, I'm naked!
0:02:14 > 0:02:15- Patricia, I'm naked!- - No, not at all!
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- This is the man himself, - Mr Aled Sam.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22- Hello, Alun.
0:02:23 > 0:02:23- Patricia, you have lots of work!
0:02:23 > 0:02:28- Patricia, you have lots of work!- - It takes hours to get him ready!
0:02:28 > 0:02:34- How does it feel to have your name - in the title of a popular programme?
0:02:34 > 0:02:37- I feel that it's about time - for me to grow up!
0:02:37 > 0:02:41- I've been in so many programmes - with my name in the title.
0:02:41 > 0:02:47- It's not a new concept but - this programme is very different.
0:02:47 > 0:02:53- We have sketches and - it's a very light-hearted programme.
0:02:55 > 0:03:00- You have an unique style - of presenting.
0:03:00 > 0:03:04- Do I? - I'm not sure if I'm that unique.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- We've had free reign - to do as we want.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11- We try to keep the programme - as fresh as possible.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14- The series has been running - since 2012.
0:03:14 > 0:03:18- Four years is a long time.
0:03:19 > 0:03:21- At the start...
0:03:21 > 0:03:25- ..we were stuffed between the - weather and Sunday's online bingo!
0:03:25 > 0:03:29- Now, we even have our own set!
0:03:29 > 0:03:32- The series is going - from strength to strength.
0:03:32 > 0:03:38- It's rumoured that it's something to - do with another handsome presenter!
0:03:39 > 0:03:41- I don't remember his name.
0:03:43 > 0:03:45- I have no idea!
0:03:46 > 0:03:47- No.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57- Here we are. This is the set.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59- Aled is ready to record.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01- Welcome to my world!
0:04:01 > 0:04:03- The set is quite small.
0:04:04 > 0:04:05- It's compact and bijou.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08- What is there to see?
0:04:08 > 0:04:12- There's a sofa, a working phone...
0:04:12 > 0:04:15- ..a pouffe...
0:04:16 > 0:04:20- ..and I can even welcome a guest.
0:04:20 > 0:04:22- You've never had - a guest on the show.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26- The set is falling apart!
0:04:26 > 0:04:29- It only happens when it senses - someone it doesn't like.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32- I sense that it's my cue to leave!
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- Good luck.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44- Don't forget to watch - Sam ar y Sgrin on Friday.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- You can also follow the programme - on Twitter, @SgrinSam
0:04:48 > 0:04:53- You can watch that item again - on the Dal Ati app.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56- On 1 January...
0:04:56 > 0:05:01- ..people normally wish one another - a Happy New Year.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04- However, in the Gwaun Valley - in Pembrokeshire...
0:05:05 > 0:05:10- ..there's a tradition of celebrating - the New Year on 13 January.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14- This celebration is called - Hen Galan or the Old New Year.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17- According to the old - Julian Calendar...
0:05:17 > 0:05:19- ..it was the first day of the year.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- During the programme, - keep an eye on the Dal Ati app...
0:05:23 > 0:05:28- ..the app will assist you with - the wonderful Pembrokeshire dialect.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32- It's a dismal January morning - and despite the wind and rain...
0:05:32 > 0:05:37- ..the residents of the Gwaun Valley - are celebrating the Old New Year.
0:05:38 > 0:05:42- Listen carefully as you might hear - the children collecting some money.
0:05:43 > 0:05:48- This group is visiting - local homes and farms...
0:05:48 > 0:05:51- ..to celebrate the new year.
0:05:51 > 0:05:55- Five mothers and ten children - are travelling around the area...
0:05:56 > 0:06:00- ..and singing from door to door - so I hope we get some fine weather.
0:06:01 > 0:06:04- What do you like - about the Old New Year?
0:06:04 > 0:06:06- The sweets.
0:06:06 > 0:06:07- Do you get some money too?
0:06:07 > 0:06:08- Do you get some money too?- - Yes.
0:06:09 > 0:06:13- When do you learn the special song?
0:06:13 > 0:06:17- We learn it at school...
0:06:17 > 0:06:21- ..and sing it outside - people's homes.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24- How many groups - are you expecting to see?
0:06:24 > 0:06:27- I'll probably see about 30.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- You've made a feast for them.
0:06:31 > 0:06:37- We've been singing...
0:06:38 > 0:06:40- ..and enjoying some sweets.
0:06:41 > 0:06:47- # Happy New Year to you - and to everyone in the house #
0:06:47 > 0:06:54- It has changed since my husband and - older generations went out singing.
0:06:54 > 0:06:58- However, - the children still go out singing.
0:06:59 > 0:07:04- In the past, we would have parties - in the houses at night.
0:07:04 > 0:07:10- These days, we go to - Gellifawr House or Bessie's.
0:07:11 > 0:07:17- We'd either walk or go on our bikes - and not have a lift from parents.
0:07:17 > 0:07:19- Things have changed now.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21- The children enjoy going out.
0:07:22 > 0:07:27- The school teaches them - about the tradition.
0:07:27 > 0:07:32- At the foot of the valley, - Gwaun Valley residents...
0:07:32 > 0:07:37- ..are entertained at an iconic local - building, Dyffryn Arms or Bessie's.
0:07:38 > 0:07:42- What's your favourite thing - about the Old New Year, Alaw?
0:07:42 > 0:07:47- I like seeing everyone's homes - and meeting different people.
0:07:47 > 0:07:49- What have you been singing?
0:07:50 > 0:07:55- Mae Dydd Calan Wedi Gwawrio, Plant - Bach Cymru and Blwyddyn Newydd Dda.
0:07:55 > 0:08:00- The locals have been generous - and we've collected a lot of money.
0:08:00 > 0:08:05- It's small but big when you start - at 8.30am and finish at 5.30pm!
0:08:05 > 0:08:11- My son says that we'd be quicker - if I stopped chatting.
0:08:11 > 0:08:15- I like seeing the children...
0:08:15 > 0:08:19- ..and I expect to see them - every year.
0:08:19 > 0:08:25- You're waiting with your Welshcakes - and coins.
0:08:26 > 0:08:31- Ysgol Llanychllwydog in Pontfaen - is also welcoming the Old New Year.
0:08:31 > 0:08:36- All the children are singing - and there's only four in school.
0:08:36 > 0:08:40- The school encourages - the children to go singing.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43- It's vital to maintain - the tradition.
0:08:43 > 0:08:49- We've been reminding the children - of the songs to sing.
0:08:49 > 0:08:55- We've travelled around the valley - and singing at people's homes.
0:08:55 > 0:08:57- What sort of treats - have you received?
0:08:58 > 0:09:02- We've had sweets, money and cakes.
0:09:02 > 0:09:08- I enjoy the Old New Year - because we sing at people's homes.
0:09:08 > 0:09:10- And we get money.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14- I can hear the change - jingling in your pocket.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16- What songs have you been singing?
0:09:16 > 0:09:21- We sing Blwyddyn Newydd Dda - and Plant Bach Cymru...
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- ..and I can't remember - the other song.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- Do you prefer new year - on 1 January or 13 January?
0:09:31 > 0:09:37- No contest, it's 13 January - as we don't see anyone on 1 January.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- It's great - that the tradition continues...
0:09:41 > 0:09:45- ..and that the school allows the - children to maintain the tradition.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48- Happy New Year!
0:09:48 > 0:09:53- Happy New Year to everyone - in the Gwaun Valley.
0:09:53 > 0:09:58- What does a cowboy, a mother - of the bride and the Queen...
0:09:58 > 0:10:00- ..have in common?
0:10:00 > 0:10:04- They all wear hats.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09- Last week, the Heno crew - celebrated National Hat Day.
0:10:10 > 0:10:16- They went to meet those - who couldn't live without a hat.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28- I started wearing hats at school.
0:10:29 > 0:10:33- After going to college, - I started losing my hair.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36- I tried to hide it - but I shaved my hair off.
0:10:37 > 0:10:42- I still like wearing hats - so they are a big part of my life.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45- Hats can radically change your look.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48- It can change an outfit or style.
0:10:48 > 0:10:53- It also offers something - unique and different.
0:10:53 > 0:10:58- I've worn a hat nearly every day - since my teens.
0:10:58 > 0:11:02- I used to listen - to a lot of American music.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07- I wore a hat just to copy them.
0:11:07 > 0:11:12- It's also easier in the morning as - you don't have to style your hair.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17- I wear hats on a daily basis.
0:11:17 > 0:11:22- I've got horses - and I wear a hat to keep warm.
0:11:23 > 0:11:28- I also like wearing hats - at weddings...
0:11:28 > 0:11:30- ..or horseracing events.
0:11:37 > 0:11:42- This is the original hat I wore - and it's the first one I recall.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45- It's in pieces!
0:11:46 > 0:11:50- I own five or six baseball hats - in different colours.
0:11:50 > 0:11:57- I don't want to be boring - - there's red, green and blue.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01- I've also got a bobble hat.
0:12:01 > 0:12:03- My bobble hats are my best buys.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07- I love them and their styles.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- I wear them - when going for a walk, a jog...
0:12:11 > 0:12:15- ..and for dining out.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23- This hat is special - as my wife, Rhiannon made it.
0:12:24 > 0:12:28- I wore to go dancing at the - May Day festivities in Padstow.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31- Here it is!
0:12:31 > 0:12:36- She made it 35 years ago - and she fancied me in it!
0:12:36 > 0:12:40- When I started work...
0:12:40 > 0:12:44- ..they referred to me - as the man in the hat.
0:12:45 > 0:12:50- Sometimes people - don't recognize me without my hat.
0:12:50 > 0:12:53- When I wear my hat - they know who I am.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00- I don't feel I've dressed properly - without a hat.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03- I've got a hat for every occasion.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08- This is a special summer hat - and it's travelled the globe.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- When you place it in water, - the gel cools..
0:13:11 > 0:13:15- ..it covers my head - and keeps me cool.
0:13:15 > 0:13:21- I wore a hat this morning - and I'm wearing one out tonight.
0:13:21 > 0:13:25- There's a day to celebrate - all sorts...
0:13:25 > 0:13:29- ..so it's important - to honour the hat.
0:13:29 > 0:13:33- It'd be great if all the Welsh - wore a hat like this.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39- Well done, Dewi Pws.
0:13:39 > 0:13:43- That's all for the first part - of the programme.
0:13:43 > 0:13:48- After the break, we make a beef stew - in the Prynhawn Da kitchen.
0:13:48 > 0:13:53- Daf Wyn also celebrates the website, - Wikipedia's 15th birthday.
0:13:53 > 0:13:55- Join us in a few minutes.
0:13:58 > 0:13:59- .
0:14:01 > 0:14:01- Subtitles
0:14:01 > 0:14:03- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:14:07 > 0:14:08- Welcome back.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12- Last week, the Priscilla - Queen of the Desert musical...
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- ..returned to the Millennium Centre - stage in Cardiff Bay.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- Jason Donovan played - the lead role...
0:14:19 > 0:14:24- ..but the Welshman, Craig Ryder - shared the same stage as him.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27- Llinos Lee chatted to Craig - about Priscilla...
0:14:28 > 0:14:32- ..and to hear about the new addition - that will be welcomed to his home...
0:14:33 > 0:14:36- ..with his partner, Ian - or H from Steps.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- The famous 1990s film, - The Adventures of Priscilla...
0:14:40 > 0:14:44- ..inspired the musical, - Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.
0:14:44 > 0:14:48- It's earned its place as - a colourful and successful show...
0:14:49 > 0:14:53- ..to reach Broadway, the West End - and the Millennium Centre.
0:14:54 > 0:14:57- # Oh no, not I! I will survive! #
0:14:57 > 0:15:01- Priscilla tells the story - of three friends...
0:15:01 > 0:15:06- ..who jump on a bus and go in search - of love and friendship.
0:15:06 > 0:15:10- In the end, they find much more - than they expected.
0:15:10 > 0:15:15- It's lovely to see you and - how was the opening night, Craig?
0:15:15 > 0:15:18- It was great to be back in Wales.
0:15:19 > 0:15:24- The theatre was full - and the audience was fantastic.
0:15:24 > 0:15:29- I've seen it and have never had - so much fun in a musical.
0:15:29 > 0:15:32- It's full of pop songs.
0:15:33 > 0:15:38- Yes, there's Go West - and it climaxes with I Will Survive.
0:15:39 > 0:15:44- By the end, all the audience is on - their feet and singing and dancing.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46- I play Frank...
0:15:47 > 0:15:50- ..and am the understudy for Tick, - one of the lead roles...
0:15:51 > 0:15:53- ..who is played by Jason Donavan.
0:15:54 > 0:16:00- It has returned to Cardiff - but what makes it so popular?
0:16:00 > 0:16:06- I think it's a musical - that everyone enjoys.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10- It isn't a family show - but for adults.
0:16:11 > 0:16:15- Everyone enjoys the music, - the dancing and the story.
0:16:15 > 0:16:18- It's great to have you in Wales...
0:16:18 > 0:16:21- ..but how are you settling - in South Wales?
0:16:22 > 0:16:27- I've been touring - so haven't been around...
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- ..but I like South Wales.
0:16:31 > 0:16:37- In your personal life, you are - welcoming new members of the family.
0:16:37 > 0:16:40- Yes, the twins - will be arriving in March.
0:16:41 > 0:16:45- You announced the news - on YouTube before Christmas.
0:16:45 > 0:16:49- Yes, and everyone enjoyed - the animation.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51- It's a busy time for you.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55- Yes, it's going to be - a very busy year.
0:16:56 > 0:17:02- You advise everyone in Wales to come - to the show in the coming days.
0:17:02 > 0:17:08- Yes, it's a popular show - so buy your tickets now!
0:17:08 > 0:17:13- Good luck with the remainder - of the tour and thank you, Craig.
0:17:17 > 0:17:23- The show was a great success and - the audience thoroughly enjoyed it.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26- Next, we head to the kitchen.
0:17:26 > 0:17:31- On today's menu, - we're preparing a winter favourites.
0:17:31 > 0:17:34- We're making a beef stew.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39- I'm starting the cooking process
0:17:39 > 0:17:45- I'm using brazing steak that has - to be cooked over a long time.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49- I also have - a combination of ingredients...
0:17:49 > 0:17:53- ..that will add - an interesting flavour to the sauce.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57- I'm using red peppers, - tomato paste...
0:17:57 > 0:17:59- ..and two varieties of paprika.
0:18:00 > 0:18:05- I'm using a sweet and hot paprika - to add warmth to the sauce.
0:18:05 > 0:18:09- I have red wine vinegar, - garlic, bay leaves...
0:18:10 > 0:18:14- ..and another interesting ingredient - which is this red jam.
0:18:14 > 0:18:20- It will add sweetness - and additional flavour to the dish.
0:18:20 > 0:18:23- The ingredients sound wonderful.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26- What are you calling this dish?
0:18:26 > 0:18:29- It's a goulash or beef stew.
0:18:29 > 0:18:35- In Hungary, you could call it - a goulash due to the paprika.
0:18:35 > 0:18:37- I'm feeling hungry!
0:18:37 > 0:18:40- I'm going to start with the meat.
0:18:40 > 0:18:45- I'm full of bad jokes today!
0:18:45 > 0:18:47- We apologise for his humour!
0:18:48 > 0:18:54- There are lots of colourful - ingredients in this dish.
0:18:54 > 0:19:00- How important is it to prepare food - that's aesthetically pleasing?
0:19:00 > 0:19:06- The colour and the look of food - is just as important as its taste.
0:19:06 > 0:19:09- However, taste is important.
0:19:09 > 0:19:14- I've place the beef in plain flour - with a little salt and pepper.
0:19:14 > 0:19:18- I'm going to start cooking the beef - to add colour.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21- This will seal the meat.
0:19:21 > 0:19:27- It's the flour that will - eventually thicken the sauce.
0:19:27 > 0:19:29- Do you need to use oil?
0:19:29 > 0:19:35- Yes, use a drop of oil - to start the cooking process.
0:19:35 > 0:19:39- This will help you achieve - a good colour on the beef.
0:19:39 > 0:19:45- As you can see, I've done the same - to some lardons or smoked bacon.
0:19:45 > 0:19:50- I've also added some onions - and red peppers.
0:19:51 > 0:19:55- Pour these ingredients - back into the pan.
0:19:55 > 0:19:59- You've prepared the meat - in small batches.
0:19:59 > 0:20:05- If you prepare everything together, - the ingredients will become soggy.
0:20:05 > 0:20:10- The ingredients should be fried, - rather than cooking in a sauce.
0:20:11 > 0:20:15- Next, I'm going to add - the other ingredients.
0:20:15 > 0:20:19- I have an interesting gadget - for the garlic.
0:20:19 > 0:20:21- You got very excited - when you saw this!
0:20:21 > 0:20:26- It reminded me of my childhood - when I used to play with toy cars.
0:20:26 > 0:20:31- Place a clove of garlic - into the top of the gadget.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36- Roll the gadget back and forth...
0:20:37 > 0:20:40- ..and you will end up - with little piece of garlic.
0:20:41 > 0:20:43- That's a brilliant invention.
0:20:43 > 0:20:50- There's nothing worse than the smell - of chopped garlic on your fingers.
0:20:50 > 0:20:55- There's lots of waste - when using garlic crushers.
0:20:55 > 0:20:59- Place the remainder of the garlic - back in the fridge.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01- For how long will it keep fresh?
0:21:01 > 0:21:03- For how long will it keep fresh?- - It depends how often you use it.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06- It would probably keep for a week.
0:21:06 > 0:21:09- Add the other ingredients - to the pan.
0:21:10 > 0:21:16- You will also need - one litre of beef stock.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18- That's enough.
0:21:18 > 0:21:23- Next, I'm adding the garlic...
0:21:23 > 0:21:26- ..and hot paprika.
0:21:26 > 0:21:32- You also need to add - two tablespoons of smoked paprika.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35- What's the difference - between the two?
0:21:35 > 0:21:41- There's a different flavour - and the smoked paprika isn't hot.
0:21:41 > 0:21:43- Believe it or not...
0:21:44 > 0:21:47- ..after an hour or 90 minutes...
0:21:48 > 0:21:50- ..this mixture will turn - into a stew.
0:21:51 > 0:21:57- I've forgotten to add the bay leaves - to add extra flavour to the stew.
0:21:57 > 0:22:02- You could also add carrots...
0:22:02 > 0:22:05- ..or parsnips to this stew.
0:22:05 > 0:22:10- Potatoes could also be added - to make this a wholesome meal.
0:22:11 > 0:22:13- Could you prepare this - in a slow cooker?
0:22:14 > 0:22:16- It's perfect for a slow cooker.
0:22:16 > 0:22:20- You would have to - seal the meat first.
0:22:20 > 0:22:22- I'll move the pans around.
0:22:22 > 0:22:27- As you can see, the only - other ingredient that I've added...
0:22:27 > 0:22:30- ..is the beetroot - that gives it colour.
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- It's a great recipe - to use up ingredients.
0:22:34 > 0:22:39- You can watch the item again - on Prynhawn Da's Facebook.
0:22:39 > 0:22:43- Have you ever used the website, - Wikipedia?
0:22:44 > 0:22:48- Wikipedia is one of the most - popular websites ever...
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- ..and it gives information - about everything under the sun.
0:22:52 > 0:22:56- The website has just celebrated - its 15th birthday.
0:22:56 > 0:23:02- Daf Wyn went to meet the people - who spend hours browsing Wikipedia.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06- Wikipedia - most of you - will have come across it.
0:23:07 > 0:23:11- You might have spent - hours on the website.
0:23:11 > 0:23:15- It was created in 2001 - by Jimmy Wales...
0:23:16 > 0:23:18- ..who doesn't have - a Welsh connection.
0:23:18 > 0:23:23- He wanted an online storage space - for all sorts of information.
0:23:23 > 0:23:27- You can search for anything - and you're likely to find it.
0:23:27 > 0:23:33- From the most bonkers things you - can think of to serious matters...
0:23:33 > 0:23:36- ..from medical topics to TV trivia.
0:23:36 > 0:23:42- You'd be able to find out - pretty much anything...
0:23:43 > 0:23:45- ..if you search for it.
0:23:46 > 0:23:49- To demonstrate the popularity - of the website...
0:23:50 > 0:23:55- ..in September 2015, over 374 - million people viewed articles...
0:23:55 > 0:23:59- ..in over 290 languages.
0:24:01 > 0:24:04- In the same way - that we 'Google' something...
0:24:05 > 0:24:07- ..we can also 'Wikipedia it'.
0:24:08 > 0:24:12- One of the good things about it - is that when Heno ring me...
0:24:12 > 0:24:16- ..and ask if I know anything - about Cardiff City football club...
0:24:16 > 0:24:20- ..I can look on Wikipedia - and get everything I need!
0:24:21 > 0:24:23- Wikipedia is knowledge.
0:24:23 > 0:24:27- There's no excuse - for being stupid or ignorant now.
0:24:27 > 0:24:30- The information is all there...
0:24:30 > 0:24:34- ..so if you want to know anything, - look at Wikipedia.
0:24:34 > 0:24:37- When I was at university, - Wikipedia was a godsend...
0:24:37 > 0:24:41- ..but we couldn't use it - as a credible source.
0:24:41 > 0:24:47- It's updated by all sorts of people - from all over the world...
0:24:47 > 0:24:50- ..so the information - isn't always dependable.
0:24:51 > 0:24:54- Someone had written - a description of Batman...
0:24:54 > 0:24:59- ..with details of the story, - background and the cartoons.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01- One day, - someone deleted everything...
0:25:02 > 0:25:05- ..and replaced it - with "Na na na na na na, Batman!"
0:25:05 > 0:25:10- It's quite humorous that it was - allowed to be the Wikipedia entry.
0:25:11 > 0:25:16- I've never contributed - to the Wikipedia pages.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19- I've thought about it...
0:25:19 > 0:25:23- ..but you're not allowed - to write about yourself!
0:25:25 > 0:25:30- The website relies on 73,000 editors - across the world...
0:25:30 > 0:25:32- ..to create and edit the articles.
0:25:32 > 0:25:37- English has the highest number - of articles - 5 million in all.
0:25:37 > 0:25:39- There are fewer Welsh entries...
0:25:40 > 0:25:44- ..but Wiki Cymru is the biggest - Welsh website in the world.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47- This morning - at the National Library...
0:25:48 > 0:25:54- ..volunteers held an edit-a-thon to - celebrate the website's birthday.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57- It's important to have a Welsh Wiki.
0:25:57 > 0:26:02- It was established early - in Wikipedia's development, in 2003.
0:26:02 > 0:26:06- There are now some 70,000 - original Welsh language articles.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10- It's very important - for the Welsh language.
0:26:11 > 0:26:17- It allows the world access to facts - about Wales in the Welsh language.
0:26:17 > 0:26:21- I've never edited anything - on Wikipedia before.
0:26:21 > 0:26:26- It's nice to learn how to do that - and to be part of its world.
0:26:27 > 0:26:32- It's vital to use reliable sources - for the information on Wiki Cymru.
0:26:35 > 0:26:39- Many people my age don't use it.
0:26:39 > 0:26:45- I have debates with them about the - pros and cons of modern technology.
0:26:45 > 0:26:50- I'm not scared of it and Jason Evans - has been explaining...
0:26:51 > 0:26:54- ..how to access it.
0:26:54 > 0:27:00- I've made some notes but it's - very easy to forget the steps.
0:27:01 > 0:27:05- Wikipedia needs editors - as it's all created by volunteers.
0:27:06 > 0:27:12- They are always looking - for new people to write articles.
0:27:12 > 0:27:17- It's important to help people - feel confident about using it...
0:27:17 > 0:27:20- ..and to press that edit button.
0:27:20 > 0:27:22- Today has been a great day.
0:27:23 > 0:27:26- It's been great to be able - to contribute to the editing...
0:27:27 > 0:27:31- ..and to one of the biggest - websites in the world.
0:27:31 > 0:27:37- It'll be interesting to see what it - looks like in another fifteen years.
0:27:40 > 0:27:43- That's all for now.
0:27:43 > 0:27:47- After the break, we wander Snowdonia - in Gerallt's company.
0:27:48 > 0:27:54- Carys Tudor also has tips on how - to keep warm during the cold winter.
0:27:54 > 0:27:56- Don't go too far.
0:28:00 > 0:28:00- .
0:28:03 > 0:28:03- Subtitles
0:28:03 > 0:28:05- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:28:09 > 0:28:11- Welcome back.
0:28:11 > 0:28:13- Next, - we head to the foot of Snowdon.
0:28:14 > 0:28:16- In the village of Rhyd Ddu...
0:28:16 > 0:28:21- ..the old school has been given - a new lease of life.
0:28:28 > 0:28:34- Rhyd Ddu is the ideal location - to start roaming Snowdonia...
0:28:34 > 0:28:38- ..with the Nantlle Ridge, Mynydd - Mawr and Snowdon's peaks nearby
0:28:39 > 0:28:43- A few years ago, the old school - was offered a new lease of life.
0:28:43 > 0:28:49- It was 1977 and I was a pupil - at Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle school...
0:28:49 > 0:28:55- ..and we were the first to use - the site as an outdoors centre...
0:28:55 > 0:28:57- ..and this is where we slept.
0:28:58 > 0:29:02- I've gone grey and just like - all things that mature...
0:29:03 > 0:29:07- ..this centre has needed - some attention too.
0:29:07 > 0:29:13- Antur Nantlle took over the running - of the centre last June.
0:29:13 > 0:29:19- A partnership with Gwynedd Council - meant we can safeguard the site.
0:29:20 > 0:29:24- It's had new windows - and been re-plastered.
0:29:24 > 0:29:29- Today, we can see that it's - an excellent site that sleeps 27.
0:29:30 > 0:29:33- We hope to create employment - in the area...
0:29:33 > 0:29:37- ..and keep the centre open - for many years to come.
0:29:39 > 0:29:44- The Rhyd Ddu Centre helps those - of all abilities to enjoy Snowdonia.
0:29:45 > 0:29:48- One of the area's latest paths - is ideal for this purpose.
0:29:51 > 0:29:54- Morfudd, Snowdon is wearing - its special cap today.
0:29:54 > 0:29:57- This path is wonderful today.
0:29:57 > 0:30:02- It's excellent and I'm delighted - that this path has opened.
0:30:02 > 0:30:05- The Rhyd Ddu Centre...
0:30:06 > 0:30:09- ..gives children access - to this area.
0:30:09 > 0:30:14- This path is 200 yards - from the school...
0:30:14 > 0:30:16- ..and it's easy to follow.
0:30:16 > 0:30:21- It's part of the old Roman road - from Croesor to Caernarfon.
0:30:22 > 0:30:26- It's proof that you don't need to - scale a mountain to enjoy the area.
0:30:27 > 0:30:32- It's an ideal site - to enjoy the views of the mountains.
0:30:41 > 0:30:46- I couldn't come to Rhyd Ddu without - mentioning T H Parry-Williams...
0:30:46 > 0:30:49- ..who was raised in this house.
0:30:49 > 0:30:54- He often refers to the way - this area influenced his childhood.
0:30:54 > 0:30:58- He left at eleven - to go to school in Porthmadog...
0:30:58 > 0:31:03- ..but came here every holiday.
0:31:03 > 0:31:08- He had an emotional attachment - to the place...
0:31:08 > 0:31:11- ..which is clear in his work.
0:31:12 > 0:31:14- I'm very fond of the centre.
0:31:15 > 0:31:18- I'm delighted that it's - being run by Antur Nantlle.
0:31:19 > 0:31:23- Good luck for the future - and I hope the children support it.
0:31:28 > 0:31:32- Nowadays, the days and nights - are much colder...
0:31:32 > 0:31:37- ..so I wonder how it's best to heat - the home without spending a fortune.
0:31:37 > 0:31:41- Here's a few tips - from our style expert, Carys Tudor.
0:31:42 > 0:31:47- Don't worry about being fashionable - when trying to keep warm.
0:31:47 > 0:31:50- These onesies are fantastic - and I own one.
0:31:51 > 0:31:53- Let's hold it up - for everyone to see.
0:31:53 > 0:31:55- It's so soft.
0:31:56 > 0:31:58- It's lovely.
0:31:58 > 0:32:02- It will keep you warm and you - could wear it during the day.
0:32:02 > 0:32:05- It's very soft and light.
0:32:05 > 0:32:08- You shouldn't answer the door in it!
0:32:08 > 0:32:11- The onesie costs 14.99...
0:32:12 > 0:32:15- ..and it's very effective - at keeping you warm in the house.
0:32:16 > 0:32:19- It's important to keep out draughts.
0:32:20 > 0:32:23- We have a draught excluder - in the form of a little dog.
0:32:23 > 0:32:25- It costs 14.99.
0:32:26 > 0:32:28- They can be used all over the house.
0:32:28 > 0:32:32- You could make your own - by filling a bag with sand.
0:32:32 > 0:32:36- They will keep energy bills down - and heat your home.
0:32:36 > 0:32:40- There are all sorts of furry - and fluffy products available.
0:32:40 > 0:32:45- These will help keep your body warm.
0:32:45 > 0:32:49- The cosy feel of products - can make you feel much warmer.
0:32:50 > 0:32:54- Some of it can be in the mind.
0:32:55 > 0:33:00- Next, we have a towel radiator - for the bathroom...
0:33:00 > 0:33:06- ..so that you have warm towels - for when you come out of the shower.
0:33:06 > 0:33:09- Don't place furniture - in front of radiators.
0:33:09 > 0:33:13- The furniture will absorb the heat.
0:33:13 > 0:33:16- I must admit - that I love a warm towel.
0:33:16 > 0:33:19- We have a sofa - right in front of a radiator.
0:33:19 > 0:33:24- If you cover up radiators, you - will stop the heat from escaping.
0:33:24 > 0:33:29- Foods like porridge and warm drinks - will help keep you warm.
0:33:29 > 0:33:32- When you come in from the cold...
0:33:33 > 0:33:37- ..it helps to just hold a cup of tea - to help warm the body.
0:33:37 > 0:33:38- What did we have for lunch?
0:33:38 > 0:33:40- What did we have for lunch?- - Cawl!
0:33:40 > 0:33:43- Cawl is perfect - for the cold weather.
0:33:43 > 0:33:49- Hot water bottles and wheat bags - you place in microwaves are great.
0:33:49 > 0:33:54- However, you can make your own - with some ordinary rice in a sock.
0:33:55 > 0:33:59- You can add a few drops of - lavender oil before tying the sock.
0:33:59 > 0:34:03- Place it in the microwave - for a minute...
0:34:03 > 0:34:06- ..and it will keep warm - for around 30 minutes.
0:34:06 > 0:34:11- However, don't leave them in the - microwave for more than 30 seconds.
0:34:11 > 0:34:14- They will keep your hands - or feet warm in bed.
0:34:14 > 0:34:20- There's no chance of them bursting - and spilling water on the bed.
0:34:20 > 0:34:24- Don't warm them up too much - as you could burn yourself.
0:34:24 > 0:34:30- When I'm sitting still at the - computer, I wear fingerless gloves.
0:34:30 > 0:34:34- They will help you stay warm.
0:34:34 > 0:34:38- If you don't have enough heat - in a room...
0:34:39 > 0:34:42- ..you could use a fan heaters - with an artificial flame.
0:34:43 > 0:34:45- It looks very pretty.
0:34:45 > 0:34:49- If the flame is flickering - in a room, you will feel warmer.
0:34:49 > 0:34:55- When I'm in the kitchen, I tend - to gravitate towards the cooker.
0:34:55 > 0:34:58- It always makes me feel warmer...
0:34:58 > 0:35:02- ..because I know it's normally - a warm place in the house.
0:35:02 > 0:35:07- The electric fire is very effective - and reasonably priced at 49.99.
0:35:08 > 0:35:12- It would be great - to light up a dark corner in a room.
0:35:12 > 0:35:15- It's perfect for a dark bedroom.
0:35:15 > 0:35:19- Next, we have an old faithful, - the electric blanket.
0:35:20 > 0:35:25- Nowadays, these aren't as popular as - we all tend to have central heating.
0:35:25 > 0:35:30- However, they're still useful if you - follow the instructions carefully.
0:35:31 > 0:35:34- I always feel pampered - when I use one at my father's house.
0:35:35 > 0:35:37- This one costs 13.99 from Argos.
0:35:37 > 0:35:40- Next, we'll head to the front.
0:35:40 > 0:35:43- We have a fleece mattress protector.
0:35:43 > 0:35:46- It can be used between - a sheet and mattress...
0:35:47 > 0:35:49- ..or between the sheet and yourself.
0:35:49 > 0:35:52- You should place sheets - in the right order.
0:35:53 > 0:35:57- A fleece product - should be next to your skin.
0:35:57 > 0:36:03- Layer a fleece blanket - with a duvet and a bedsheet.
0:36:03 > 0:36:07- The thinnest layer should be - at the top, then a duvet...
0:36:07 > 0:36:12- ..and then the softest layer - to allow air to circulate.
0:36:13 > 0:36:19- Could you place the fleece - on top of a mattress?
0:36:19 > 0:36:22- Yes, you could use it - on top of a fitted sheet.
0:36:22 > 0:36:26- However, I'm not sure of the - directions with this product.
0:36:27 > 0:36:33- You should allow plenty of air - to circulate around the body.
0:36:33 > 0:36:36- Next, we have a grey rug.
0:36:36 > 0:36:39- It costs 39.99.
0:36:39 > 0:36:43- It will keep your feet warm - around the house.
0:36:43 > 0:36:49- If you wear slippers with thin soles - on hard flooring...
0:36:49 > 0:36:51- ..the feet will get cold.
0:36:51 > 0:36:54- Therefore, use plenty of rugs - to keep your feet warm.
0:36:55 > 0:36:59- On Sunday, we visited friends - who had an AGA in the kitchen.
0:36:59 > 0:37:02- If I had one of those, - I wouldn't move from the kitchen!
0:37:03 > 0:37:07- If you use an AGA - when cooking a Sunday roast...
0:37:07 > 0:37:12- ..leave the doors of nearby rooms - as the kitchen emits lots of heat.
0:37:12 > 0:37:15- The same is true - when you have a bath or shower.
0:37:15 > 0:37:21- Leave the bathroom doors open - to help warm the nearby rooms.
0:37:21 > 0:37:26- This heat will go to waste - if you don't open the doors.
0:37:26 > 0:37:30- We also have a duvet with a high tog - to keep you warm at night.
0:37:30 > 0:37:32- They range in price.
0:37:32 > 0:37:37- If you're not warm enough at night, - wear socks to bed.
0:37:38 > 0:37:42- It will make the world - of difference.
0:37:42 > 0:37:47- The wonderful quilt or blanket - costs 87.99.
0:37:49 > 0:37:51- Those were some very handy ideas.
0:37:51 > 0:37:53- Thanks, Carys.
0:37:53 > 0:37:55- Since opening last July...
0:37:56 > 0:38:00- ..Pwllheli's Plas Heli Sailing Club - has gone from strength to strength.
0:38:01 > 0:38:05- It's one of the world's best - sailing locations.
0:38:06 > 0:38:11- The centre has recently won - an award for its world-class bar.
0:38:18 > 0:38:20- We opened seven months ago.
0:38:20 > 0:38:24- In the first week, - 250 sailors from 41 countries...
0:38:24 > 0:38:28- ..competed at the Optimist - European Championships.
0:38:30 > 0:38:36- Since then, we've welcomed 10,000 - sailors to the Sailing Academy.
0:38:37 > 0:38:40- It's incredibly busy at Plas Heli.
0:38:43 > 0:38:49- We were nominated for the - Best Yachting Bar in the World.
0:38:49 > 0:38:52- We're competing against - Rhode Island in America...
0:38:52 > 0:38:56- ..and the yachting bars - on the British Virgin Islands.
0:38:57 > 0:38:59- We've won which is fantastic news.
0:38:59 > 0:39:03- Over 26,000 people voted.
0:39:05 > 0:39:10- We won the award for being welcoming - and for the great views.
0:39:11 > 0:39:17- You can see the marina and - the restaurant overlooks Snowdonia.
0:39:17 > 0:39:23- On a fine, clear day you can see - all the way down to Pembrokeshire.
0:39:25 > 0:39:30- The bar is unique as it changes - colour with the windspeed.
0:39:31 > 0:39:35- The hall itself - turns into the wind's direction.
0:39:36 > 0:39:39- That's the biggest wind vane - in the world.
0:39:40 > 0:39:45- It's great to start 2016 with an - award so we hope to win a few more.
0:39:45 > 0:39:50- We'd like to welcome everyone - to visit Plas Heli.
0:39:50 > 0:39:53- It's the best yachting bar - in the world.
0:39:56 > 0:40:00- In the final part - of the programme...
0:40:00 > 0:40:05- ..we'll have the season's fashion - tips from our expert, Huw Fash.
0:40:06 > 0:40:09- We also meet the Welsh woman - nominated for an Oscar.
0:40:10 > 0:40:12- See you in a few minutes.
0:40:15 > 0:40:16- .
0:40:18 > 0:40:18- Subtitles
0:40:18 > 0:40:20- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:40:23 > 0:40:27- Welcome back - to the final part of the programme.
0:40:27 > 0:40:31- Next, we have the season's - latest fashion trends...
0:40:31 > 0:40:34- ..with our expert, Huw Fash.
0:40:34 > 0:40:38- Today, I have six different trends.
0:40:39 > 0:40:41- Christine is wearing stripes.
0:40:41 > 0:40:45- Stripes were seen - on all the catwalks...
0:40:45 > 0:40:49- ..looking ahead - to the spring and summer seasons.
0:40:49 > 0:40:54- During the winter months, we love - to look ahead to summer collections.
0:40:54 > 0:41:00- I've paired this stripe dress - with a quilted coat.
0:41:00 > 0:41:05- There are some wonderful details - including the zips.
0:41:06 > 0:41:10- There are zips on the cuffs - which work really well.
0:41:10 > 0:41:13- If Christine removes the jacket...
0:41:13 > 0:41:17- ..we can see the stripes - in all their glory.
0:41:17 > 0:41:21- It's a dress that will be suitable - for the summer season.
0:41:21 > 0:41:23- It has a nautical look.
0:41:24 > 0:41:27- The dress has three-quarter sleeves.
0:41:27 > 0:41:32- I mentioned the zips on the coat...
0:41:33 > 0:41:38- ..and there's also matching zips - on the cuffs of this dress.
0:41:39 > 0:41:41- The zip is a trend for the season.
0:41:42 > 0:41:48- Depending on your age, you should be - careful when choosing skirt lengths.
0:41:48 > 0:41:54- Like most of our models, - Christine isn't 18 or 19-years-old.
0:41:54 > 0:42:00- Therefore, we've been careful - with the length of the skirt.
0:42:00 > 0:42:06- If your Christine's age, - don't opt for a shorter skirt.
0:42:06 > 0:42:10- This dress has a little stretch.
0:42:10 > 0:42:16- If you want to wear a short skirt, - you could wear 200 denier tights.
0:42:16 > 0:42:20- These are very thick tights - which make the dress look fantastic.
0:42:21 > 0:42:23- It looks lovely.
0:42:23 > 0:42:26- I've shown you - one trend - the stripes.
0:42:27 > 0:42:29- Vicky is our next model.
0:42:29 > 0:42:33- There's one trend - that's always fashionable.
0:42:33 > 0:42:36- Next Thursday, - I'll be showcasing denim.
0:42:37 > 0:42:39- Denim is back in fashion...
0:42:39 > 0:42:42- ..and not just as a seasonal trend.
0:42:42 > 0:42:45- I always refer to garments - which bridge seasons.
0:42:46 > 0:42:50- January is still cold but there - are new collections in the stores.
0:42:50 > 0:42:56- The designers like to add some denim - as it ensures good sales in shops.
0:42:56 > 0:43:02- Denim is everywhere and there - are all sorts of denim garments.
0:43:03 > 0:43:07- If you want a denim dress, you'll - find one in every high street store.
0:43:07 > 0:43:13- They're everywhere including Marks, - Monsoon, River Island and Oasis.
0:43:14 > 0:43:17- There are denim dresses - that will suit every age.
0:43:17 > 0:43:21- The abundance of denim dresses - means that it will be a key trend.
0:43:22 > 0:43:28- On last year's catwalks, there was - a strong Wild West influence.
0:43:28 > 0:43:34- Last week, I mentioned that shawls - will continue to be in fashion.
0:43:34 > 0:43:38- Therefore, we've matched the dress - with a navy shawl.
0:43:39 > 0:43:42- Vicky will move the shawl - to show the denim dress.
0:43:42 > 0:43:47- There's a belt around the middle...
0:43:48 > 0:43:53- ..but you could use - a leather or details belt.
0:43:53 > 0:43:58- At the moment, the only belt - I could find on the high street...
0:43:58 > 0:44:00- ..was a light tan colour...
0:44:00 > 0:44:05- ..that didn't match - the wonderful bag and boots.
0:44:05 > 0:44:10- At this time of the year, - thick tights and boots are popular.
0:44:10 > 0:44:13- During the summer...
0:44:14 > 0:44:19- ..the dress will look great with - flip flops, deck shoes or trainers.
0:44:20 > 0:44:22- There are bargains available.
0:44:22 > 0:44:26- These boots are a fantastic price...
0:44:26 > 0:44:31- ..at around 28, - down from 80 in the sales.
0:44:31 > 0:44:33- This look works well.
0:44:33 > 0:44:38- I regret getting rid - of my denim dress.
0:44:38 > 0:44:41- It had been in my wardrobe - for years.
0:44:41 > 0:44:44- Next, we have Hailey.
0:44:44 > 0:44:46- Hailey is wearing a leather jacket.
0:44:47 > 0:44:50- Leather will be a massive trend.
0:44:51 > 0:44:54- I said this - throughout last summer...
0:44:54 > 0:44:57- ..and we're still seeing leather - in the shops.
0:44:57 > 0:45:03- You don't have to spend a fortune - on real leather garments...
0:45:04 > 0:45:07- ..as leatherette items look perfect.
0:45:07 > 0:45:11- This jacket has a strong 1980s feel.
0:45:12 > 0:45:15- Will this jacket last as long - as a real leather garment?
0:45:15 > 0:45:19- No, but you're paying - less than half the price.
0:45:19 > 0:45:23- Leather tends to look better - with time...
0:45:23 > 0:45:29- ..but these uPVC garments - will look worse as they get older.
0:45:29 > 0:45:32- We've opted for a lovely dress - with a metal belt.
0:45:33 > 0:45:37- Metal can be found everywhere which - suggests that it's a key trend.
0:45:37 > 0:45:41- Therefore, we've got two trends - with the leather and metal.
0:45:41 > 0:45:44- The dress looks like two pieces.
0:45:45 > 0:45:48- If you have a small waist...
0:45:48 > 0:45:52- ..the dress could be worn - with a thin metal belt.
0:45:54 > 0:45:59- Last week, - the Oscars shortlist was announced.
0:46:00 > 0:46:04- Sian Grigg, a Welsh woman from - Cardiff was included on the list.
0:46:04 > 0:46:08- Sian has reached the make-up - and hairstyling shortlist...
0:46:08 > 0:46:13- ..for her work on the new film - by Leonardo DiCaprio, The Revenant.
0:46:13 > 0:46:18- Sian is over the moon and - still can't believe the good news.
0:46:23 > 0:46:28- Sian, congratulations - on your Oscar nomination.
0:46:28 > 0:46:31- Where were you when you found out - and how did you react?
0:46:32 > 0:46:38- I was at home and my husband - switched on the television.
0:46:39 > 0:46:42- I couldn't believe it. - I was in complete shock.
0:46:42 > 0:46:48- I didn't expect it as I knew - seven films had been nominated.
0:46:48 > 0:46:54- They were all brilliant and I didn't - think The Revenant would go through.
0:46:54 > 0:47:00- How do you feel now and are you - looking forward to the ceremony?
0:47:00 > 0:47:05- I'm looking forward to it - but I'm definitely nervous.
0:47:06 > 0:47:10- I'm usually behind the camera, - not in front of it.
0:47:13 > 0:47:16- Congratulations - and good luck to Sian.
0:47:16 > 0:47:20- The ceremony takes place - on Sunday, 28 February...
0:47:20 > 0:47:23- ..at Hollywood's Dolby Theatre.
0:47:23 > 0:47:25- That's all for today.
0:47:25 > 0:47:29- Nia Parry and Ioan Talfryn - will be here after the break.
0:47:29 > 0:47:33- You can join in with their - Welsh lesson from your sofa.
0:47:34 > 0:47:37- Don't forget to keep an eye - on the app whilst watching.
0:47:37 > 0:47:40- I'll return - at the same time next week.
0:47:41 > 0:47:43- Until then, - keep practising your Welsh.
0:47:44 > 0:47:47- It's important to have a go - and have fun whilst doing so.
0:47:48 > 0:47:50- Good morning to you all.
0:48:07 > 0:48:09- S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis
0:48:09 > 0:48:09- .