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0:00:17 > 0:00:20- Hello and it's a very warm welcome - to Bore Da...
0:00:20 > 0:00:25- ..on Sunday 21 February.
0:00:25 > 0:00:28- I hope you're all - enjoying your weekend...
0:00:28 > 0:00:32- ..and are ready to be entertained - over the next hour on Bore Da.
0:00:32 > 0:00:36- Let's see what we've got for you - this morning.
0:00:36 > 0:00:39- I'll remind you - of the closing date...
0:00:39 > 0:00:42- ..for the Welsh Learners' Medal.
0:00:42 > 0:00:48- We celebrate World Radio Day - with DJs from all over Wales.
0:00:48 > 0:00:53- There's news of a language app - called Duolingo that teaches Welsh.
0:00:53 > 0:00:57- Daf Wyn is in Glanamman to visit - the smallest cafe in Wales.
0:00:58 > 0:01:03- Ieuan joins us with more - of his useful gardening advice.
0:01:03 > 0:01:06- Sit back and enjoy all this - over the coming hour.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14- Every year at the Urdd Eisteddfod...
0:01:14 > 0:01:18- ..they present a special award - from the main stage.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20- It's the Welsh Learners' Medal.
0:01:20 > 0:01:26- The medal is presented to - a young person who has learnt Welsh.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29- This year's closing date - is on the horizon...
0:01:29 > 0:01:34- ..and there's been some important - changes to the competition.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41- # Did you hear the story about Jane?
0:01:42 > 0:01:45- # She's a fine, young girl - is our Jane
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- # Jane has learnt to speak Welsh
0:01:49 > 0:01:52- # And she's a member of the Urdd #
0:01:52 > 0:01:55- The competition is changing - this year.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58- When I judged the competition - eight years ago...
0:01:59 > 0:02:03- ..each entrant wrote an essay - and had an oral exam.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- This year, we'll spend a day - with the learners...
0:02:07 > 0:02:11- ..and watch them communicating - with each other.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- The competition - focuses on communicating...
0:02:14 > 0:02:17- ..rather than writing an essay...
0:02:17 > 0:02:20- ..so it's all about - natural interaction.
0:02:24 > 0:02:28- Welsh learners are just as important - as Welsh speakers.
0:02:28 > 0:02:33- The figures show that the number - of Welsh speakers is falling...
0:02:33 > 0:02:36- ..so the language needs a future.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40- It's important to welcome - Welsh learners with open arms...
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- ..and we need to find ways - to encourage them.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48- We want to hear the language - being used.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50- Writing is important...
0:02:51 > 0:02:56- ..but there needs to be a shift in - our focus and it should be welcomed.
0:02:57 > 0:03:02- One person who knows exactly what - it feels like to win the medal...
0:03:02 > 0:03:05- ..is the 2015 winner, Alice Howell.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08- In primary school, - we learnt simple things.
0:03:09 > 0:03:11- It included numbers and colours.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15- I had to study Welsh - until I was in Year 11...
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- ..but then chose the subject as - it will help with my musical career.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26- I didn't know the Eisteddfod - had a medal for Welsh learners...
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- ..so it's great - to have this medal...
0:03:29 > 0:03:32- ..to encourage Welsh learners.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36- Beforehand, - I was worried about my Welsh.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39- I didn't think it was good enough.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42- This is a great way - to encourage Welsh learners.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46- # She's paved the way for others #
0:03:46 > 0:03:48- This is so important.
0:03:48 > 0:03:53- It celebrates the fact that - young people are learning Welsh.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56- They also get the opportunity - to meet each other.
0:03:57 > 0:04:02- Children get to experience Welsh - as a living language.
0:04:03 > 0:04:09- It's important to help learners to - overcome their lack of confidence...
0:04:09 > 0:04:12- ..and to enter the competition.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16- We can help and support them - with their application.
0:04:16 > 0:04:22- # I want to thank you, Jane! #
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- Give it a go - if you're thinking of entering.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32- The closing date is 1 March.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- Good luck to you all!
0:04:35 > 0:04:38- How and where - do you listen to the radio?
0:04:39 > 0:04:44- Is it in the car, on a traditional - radio or via your mobile phone?
0:04:44 > 0:04:47- These days, the options are endless.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50- In order to celebrate - World Radio Day...
0:04:50 > 0:04:54- ..Daf Wyn met some - of the talented DJs in Wales.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59- Radio is over three centuries old.
0:04:59 > 0:05:04- It was relatively unused - until the start of the 20th century.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08- New technology - and online broadcasts...
0:05:09 > 0:05:14- ..means thousands of DJs have their - say and play music to suit everyone.
0:05:14 > 0:05:19- In Wales, there's a host of stations - that serve their communities.
0:05:20 > 0:05:22- There's one at Tircoed, Swansea.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25- Here's Huw Chiswell - with Rhywbeth o'i Le.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- It started in 2007...
0:05:29 > 0:05:35- ..as a station in Tircoed for - Tircoed in Penllegaer near Swansea.
0:05:35 > 0:05:39- It now serves Penllegaer, - Llangennech, Pontarddulais...
0:05:40 > 0:05:45- ..and the M4 corridor from - Port Talbot to Neath and Swansea.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48- Hello to Patagonia!
0:05:48 > 0:05:52- The initial aim was to reach out - to the community...
0:05:52 > 0:05:55- ..but with the Internet, - we now go worldwide...
0:05:56 > 0:05:59- ..with listeners in Patagonia, - New Mexico and Australia.
0:06:00 > 0:06:06- We're live from 6.00am until - midnight and move to recordings.
0:06:06 > 0:06:10- It's a 24-hour station - so we don't stop.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14- Radio Beca - is one of Wales's recent stations.
0:06:15 > 0:06:17- It serves the communities - of West Wales.
0:06:18 > 0:06:24- It's a platform to enable people to - create their own radio programme...
0:06:24 > 0:06:28- ..and get their voice heard - in West Wales and further afield.
0:06:28 > 0:06:32- They create a programme - with a mobile phone...
0:06:32 > 0:06:35- ..and we upload it to our website.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- "Next week at Theatr Felinfach, - the Ceredigion YFC..."
0:06:40 > 0:06:45- The YFC in Ceredigion - had a great time with Radio Beca.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49- It gave them experience - in broadcasting.
0:06:49 > 0:06:55- They had to do research and find - guests for an hour-long programme.
0:06:55 > 0:07:00- It was all during - a public speaking competition.
0:07:00 > 0:07:04- It was a busy day and hard work - but they learnt so much.
0:07:08 > 0:07:11- It's important to have something - like Radio Beca.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15- It shows people in West Wales...
0:07:15 > 0:07:20- ..that we can create whatever - we want and speak our minds.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26- Students at Aberystwyth - offer an hour in Welsh on Bay Radio.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28- We really enjoy it.
0:07:28 > 0:07:30- There's plenty going on.
0:07:30 > 0:07:35- We have a guest every week - and this adds a new perspective...
0:07:35 > 0:07:39- ..and have a quiz with them - so we really love it!
0:07:39 > 0:07:42- I've never done anything - like this before...
0:07:42 > 0:07:46- ..so was nervous when Ashley - asked me to be a co-presenter.
0:07:47 > 0:07:52- Radio stations similar to ours - are important to the community.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56- It helps presenters to try - something new and practice skills...
0:07:57 > 0:08:00- ..that you might need - in a future career.
0:08:01 > 0:08:06- The skills that you learn will help - you to progress in the industry.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10- We move from university to school.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13- At Rhyl, - pupils of Ysgol Dewi Sant...
0:08:13 > 0:08:16- ..do some regular DJing - for fellow pupils.
0:08:17 > 0:08:20- We come to the radio station - every Tuesday.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- We climb the stairs to this room - that has the computer...
0:08:25 > 0:08:27- ..with the Audacity software.
0:08:27 > 0:08:31- We make programmes - to upload to the school website.
0:08:31 > 0:08:35- We talk about all sorts of things.
0:08:35 > 0:08:39- At Christmas, - we talked about presents.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41- It was a lot of fun.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43- # Come and listen to us #
0:08:43 > 0:08:48- We made our own jingle - and I really enjoyed that.
0:08:48 > 0:08:53- It's a lot of fun - to make the programmes.
0:08:54 > 0:08:56- Radio is a lot of fun...
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- ..and we really enjoy doing it.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03- On a Tuesday...
0:09:03 > 0:09:08- ..I'm always waiting - for the bell to ring...
0:09:08 > 0:09:11- ..so that I can go - to the radio club.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16- # Two languages and a bright future - on Radio Dewi Sant #
0:09:16 > 0:09:19- Yeah!
0:09:19 > 0:09:24- I'm sure we've just witnessed - some of the DJs of the future.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- Before the end of the programme...
0:09:27 > 0:09:30- ..we see the range of radios - that are in our shops.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33- They come in all shapes and colours.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36- We move from radio to the camera.
0:09:36 > 0:09:38- Do you enjoy taking photographs?
0:09:39 > 0:09:44- If you do, then we have the perfect - competition for you this morning.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46- Listen carefully to this!
0:09:49 > 0:09:55- Winter is upon us and it's the theme - of our new photography competition.
0:09:55 > 0:09:59- The days might be shorter - and the weather is bleak...
0:09:59 > 0:10:04- ..but get out with your camera - to take photographs of your winter.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08- The winner gets an iPad - or television.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11- Entries should reach us - by midday on 29 February.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15- Post them to Heno, Tinopolis...
0:10:15 > 0:10:17- ..Park Street, Llanelli...
0:10:17 > 0:10:20- ..SA15 3YE.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23- Email them to heno@tinopolis.com
0:10:23 > 0:10:28- You can also contact us via - Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30- Good luck to you all.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35- Yes, good luck to you all.
0:10:35 > 0:10:39- The competition closes - a week tomorrow.
0:10:39 > 0:10:43- It's time for a break - but make sure you stay tuned...
0:10:44 > 0:10:48- ..because we're visiting - the smallest cafe in Wales.
0:10:48 > 0:10:53- The presenter, Roy Noble chats - about the series, Cymoedd Roy.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55- It's currently airing on S4C.
0:10:56 > 0:11:01- We're also learning Welsh with - a brand-new app called Duolingo.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03- Don't you move a muscle!
0:11:07 > 0:11:07- .
0:11:11 > 0:11:11- Subtitles
0:11:11 > 0:11:13- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:11:17 > 0:11:18- Welcome back.
0:11:19 > 0:11:23- Have you been watching - the S4C series, Cymoedd Roy?
0:11:23 > 0:11:26- The series follows the presenter, - Roy Noble...
0:11:26 > 0:11:29- ..around the South Wales Valleys.
0:11:29 > 0:11:34- He meets interesting characters and - hears of the area's unique history.
0:11:34 > 0:11:38- Last week, Roy Noble - visited the Prynhawn Da studio...
0:11:38 > 0:11:41- ..to chat about this special series.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44- Tell us about the places you visit.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48- I started in Rhondda Fawr - and went to Blaenrhondda...
0:11:49 > 0:11:52- ..where I heard about the tunnel - to Blaengarw.
0:11:52 > 0:11:56- There was the Park and Dare Theatre - and Treorchy Male Voice Choir.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01- I visited Penrhys that lies between - Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04- It sits on the hillside.
0:12:04 > 0:12:09- I met Sharon Rees who is active - in the local church and school.
0:12:10 > 0:12:14- We went to Pontypridd, - back to Rhondda Fach and Ferndale...
0:12:14 > 0:12:17- ..to Maerdy - or Little Moscow as it's known.
0:12:17 > 0:12:22- The second episode took us - to the Cynon Valley and Penderyn...
0:12:22 > 0:12:27- ..where we heard about Lewis Lewis - who was transported to Australia.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- He was an associate of Dic Penderyn.
0:12:30 > 0:12:35- I visited the Royal Opera House - and went to Abercynon...
0:12:35 > 0:12:37- ..before returning to Aberfan.
0:12:37 > 0:12:42- Geraint Stanley insisted on giving - an interview and he was incredible.
0:12:42 > 0:12:44- It was his final interview.
0:12:44 > 0:12:48- There was also an English interview - with Geoff Edwards.
0:12:48 > 0:12:52- He was one of the four surviving - children from a class of 34.
0:12:52 > 0:12:54- It affected him greatly.
0:12:55 > 0:12:59- He still lives in Aberfan with - his mother and was mayor of Merthyr.
0:12:59 > 0:13:02- We also visited - the rest of the Taf Valley...
0:13:03 > 0:13:07- ..and went to Cyfarthfa and Merthyr.
0:13:07 > 0:13:12- We could have spent hours in Merthyr - because of its history.
0:13:12 > 0:13:15- The next episode - is the Rhymney Valley...
0:13:15 > 0:13:17- ..and the Sirhowy Valley...
0:13:17 > 0:13:23- ..down to Tredegar and - the Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones.
0:13:23 > 0:13:27- It's followed - by a lesser-known valley...
0:13:27 > 0:13:31- ..that is home to Blaenavon, - Abersychan and Pontypool.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33- It's known as the Eastern Valley.
0:13:34 > 0:13:36- There's another eight to do!
0:13:36 > 0:13:42- The next episode airs on Sunday on - S4C and we've got an excerpt of it.
0:13:47 > 0:13:52- At the foot of the valley, stands - the Guardian mining memorial...
0:13:52 > 0:13:56- ..in the village of Six Bells - near Abertillery.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- At over 20-metres-tall, - the memorial was commissioned...
0:14:06 > 0:14:10- ..to commemorate - the Six Bells disaster in June 1960.
0:14:10 > 0:14:13- Forty-five miners were killed.
0:14:14 > 0:14:18- It's striking and stands on - the site of the old colliery.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21- The tallest mining memorial - in Wales...
0:14:21 > 0:14:25- ..is a powerful reminder - of that tragedy.
0:14:36 > 0:14:39- Six Bells is near Abertillery.
0:14:40 > 0:14:42- There's another memorial...
0:14:42 > 0:14:47- ..and we go to Senghenydd that saw - the worst mining disaster in Wales.
0:14:47 > 0:14:52- That's covered in the final episode - and we visit Caerphilly.
0:14:52 > 0:14:56- It was quite emotional for me - to film in Six Bells...
0:14:56 > 0:15:01- ..because it happened in the 1960s - and I remember it.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- Aberfan was also in the early 1960s.
0:15:04 > 0:15:05- Aberfan was also in the early 1960s.- - Yes, I remember that too.
0:15:06 > 0:15:07- We're from the Valleys.
0:15:08 > 0:15:13- I was born in the Rhondda - and you're from the Amman Valley.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17- This series is about the south-east.
0:15:17 > 0:15:20- We spoke about this a while ago...
0:15:20 > 0:15:25- ..and said that you wanted people - to see a new side of the Valleys.
0:15:26 > 0:15:29- It's high time this happened - but I am a bit biased.
0:15:29 > 0:15:31- I'm fed up of it.
0:15:31 > 0:15:36- The press and media always gives a - bleak representation of the Valleys.
0:15:36 > 0:15:41- The media in London talk about a - benefit society and come to Merthyr.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43- They focus on the Gurnos Estate.
0:15:43 > 0:15:49- Those who don't know the Valleys - have a blurred perception of it.
0:15:49 > 0:15:53- There's something - I call the Tongwynlais Gap.
0:15:53 > 0:15:58- Those south of Tongwynlais have - an idea of the area but it's wrong.
0:15:59 > 0:16:01- The various valleys are different...
0:16:01 > 0:16:05- ..but all our heritage stems - from the people of the Klondike!
0:16:06 > 0:16:09- They moved to the area - for the coal and iron industry.
0:16:09 > 0:16:12- It's important to show - a new perspective.
0:16:12 > 0:16:18- Take a helicopter flight on a direct - route from Cardiff to Llandeilo.
0:16:18 > 0:16:21- You'll see the whole of the Valleys.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24- The area resembles fingers - crawling out of the sea.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28- Between each finger - lies an expanse of moorlands.
0:16:29 > 0:16:31- The scenery is incredible.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35- The journey from Blaenavon - to Pontypool via Abersychan...
0:16:36 > 0:16:39- ..boasts some beautiful areas.
0:16:39 > 0:16:44- The same is true if you travel north - from Blackwood to Tredegar...
0:16:44 > 0:16:50- ..or from Aberdare to Abercynon on - the new road that's 100 years old!
0:16:51 > 0:16:53- It follows the old canal route.
0:16:54 > 0:16:58- It gives you - a totally different perspective.
0:16:58 > 0:17:01- This series is perfect for you.
0:17:01 > 0:17:04- I doubt it felt like work.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07- It was wonderful - to be able to ride the trike.
0:17:07 > 0:17:12- You don't need a motorcycle licence - or even wear a helmet.
0:17:12 > 0:17:15- I wanted a bandana - but they wouldn't insure me!
0:17:15 > 0:17:18- But it was - a wonderful series to make...
0:17:18 > 0:17:23- ..and I got meet people who are - flying the flag for the Valleys...
0:17:23 > 0:17:28- ..such as Sharon Rees who has done - some incredible things in Penrhys.
0:17:28 > 0:17:31- Dean Powell spoke about - the Park and Dare Theatre...
0:17:31 > 0:17:35- ..and he's the secretary - of the Treorchy Male Voice Choir.
0:17:36 > 0:17:38- There was also Sarah Evans.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42- This young lady studied in Oxford...
0:17:42 > 0:17:47- ..but is now a local councillor for - the village of her childhood home.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51- This series - is about the South-East Valleys.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55- You could make further series - on all the valleys.
0:17:55 > 0:17:59- I'll take the commissioner - for a pint to talk about it.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03- It's been wonderful - and thank you for being here, Roy.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08- Tonight at 7.30pm...
0:18:08 > 0:18:11- ..Roy travels from Blaenavon - to Ystrad Mynach.
0:18:12 > 0:18:13- Make sure you tune in.
0:18:14 > 0:18:17- There's some useful apps - to be found at the moment...
0:18:17 > 0:18:21- ..that encourages us - to learn new languages.
0:18:22 > 0:18:26- The latest on the market - is the Duolingo app.
0:18:32 > 0:18:38- Duolingo is a website that is a - platform to learn languages online.
0:18:38 > 0:18:42- We have over 100 million users - from all over the world.
0:18:42 > 0:18:47- Welsh is the 15th language - that you can now learn from English.
0:18:47 > 0:18:50- It's proven to be very popular.
0:18:50 > 0:18:54- I started the crusade a year ago.
0:18:54 > 0:18:59- Four months ago, they agreed and I - was allowed to develop the course.
0:18:59 > 0:19:05- I designed the course - with the help of many other people.
0:19:05 > 0:19:08- We've had a positive response.
0:19:08 > 0:19:12- Everyone who tried it - thoroughly enjoyed the app.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14- It's a very useful resource.
0:19:17 > 0:19:21- I enjoy using Duolingo.
0:19:21 > 0:19:27- It's very interesting to use - and it's also easy.
0:19:27 > 0:19:32- I use Duolingo in the morning.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35- In fact, I use it every day.
0:19:35 > 0:19:40- It helps me to learn Welsh.
0:19:40 > 0:19:44- I enjoy using the website - when I'm at home.
0:19:44 > 0:19:48- If I've got a spare - five or ten minutes...
0:19:48 > 0:19:51- ..I use it on the iPad.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58- It's easy to find - as you just visit www.duolingo.com
0:19:59 > 0:20:03- Duolingo's philosophy - is to make learning a language fun.
0:20:03 > 0:20:07- They make learning a language a game - which makes it easy to use.
0:20:11 > 0:20:13- Download the Duolingo app...
0:20:14 > 0:20:17- ..and you can learn - any language of your choice.
0:20:17 > 0:20:18- It's brilliant!
0:20:19 > 0:20:23- Next, we're going to visit - the smallest cafe in Wales.
0:20:23 > 0:20:26- It's the Pantycelyn Tiny Tea Room - in Glanamman.
0:20:26 > 0:20:31- Contact us if you know - of a smaller cafe!
0:20:34 > 0:20:39- At one time, Glanamman was just like - any other Welsh village...
0:20:39 > 0:20:41- ..with cafes, a butcher and a pub.
0:20:42 > 0:20:45- It's still thriving - but due to the superstores...
0:20:46 > 0:20:51- ..many amenities aren't as easy - to find as they were 50 years ago.
0:20:52 > 0:20:55- But that has all changed recently...
0:20:55 > 0:20:57- ..thanks to a new cafe - in the village.
0:20:58 > 0:20:59- It isn't any old cafe.
0:20:59 > 0:21:04- This could be the smallest cafe - in Wales, if not the world!
0:21:05 > 0:21:06- It's a possibility!
0:21:07 > 0:21:13- The Pantycelyn Tiny Tea Room was - recently opened by a local family.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16- The husband and wife, - Matthew and Gemma...
0:21:16 > 0:21:19- ..bake delicacies - for the whole community.
0:21:19 > 0:21:24- But why choose to open a cafe - in such a small building?
0:21:24 > 0:21:30- My mother started by making cakes - for herself, friends and family.
0:21:30 > 0:21:34- I think she saw - a gap in the market...
0:21:34 > 0:21:37- ..and an opportunity to make money.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40- It's somewhere for you to go - and buy your dinner.
0:21:41 > 0:21:43- A lot of people go to work...
0:21:43 > 0:21:49- ..and end up buying the meal deals - at shops such as Tesco.
0:21:49 > 0:21:54- This is a great alternative - and everything is homemade.
0:21:54 > 0:21:58- It's delicious and - you can get teacakes and paninis.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01- The cafe took two years to renovate.
0:22:01 > 0:22:05- It was originally built - during World War II...
0:22:05 > 0:22:09- ..and it's been home - to many businesses over the years.
0:22:09 > 0:22:13- The building was a ruin - before they took it over.
0:22:13 > 0:22:16- It was almost demolished a year ago.
0:22:16 > 0:22:21- It was originally the radio shop for - the area and especially Glanamman.
0:22:22 > 0:22:26- It was somewhere you could buy - and come to repair your radio.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29- In those days, - few people had electricity.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32- Dat-cu lived on the mountain.
0:22:32 > 0:22:37- Every week, he brought - the old batteries to be refilled.
0:22:37 > 0:22:42- The building was a betting shop - until the turn of the century.
0:22:42 > 0:22:46- It was closed due to - the poor condition of the building.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48- Whilst renovating...
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- ..did they intentionally - make the smallest cafe in Wales?
0:22:52 > 0:22:55- It wasn't something we looked at.
0:22:55 > 0:23:01- We wanted a place where the older - people could have a cup of tea.
0:23:01 > 0:23:02- Just something small.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06- Once we got going... - yes, it is very small.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10- We didn't advertize when we opened.
0:23:10 > 0:23:15- We hoped to ease ourselves in gently - but it hasn't turned out that way.
0:23:15 > 0:23:19- It's been really busy, - which is excellent.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21- It was a shock but really good.
0:23:26 > 0:23:28- It's wonderful.
0:23:28 > 0:23:32- I can't believe they've fitted - so much into a small building.
0:23:32 > 0:23:35- I didn't think it was this big.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39- It looks much smaller - on the outside...
0:23:39 > 0:23:43- ..but it's actually quite spacious.
0:23:43 > 0:23:47- The finishing touches - are fantastic...
0:23:48 > 0:23:51- ..and I think the hard work - has paid off.
0:23:51 > 0:23:55- We'd all be anorexic - if this cafe hadn't opened!
0:23:55 > 0:23:58- We wouldn't have anywhere - to eat cakes.
0:23:58 > 0:24:03- I had a carrot cake - and half a scone.
0:24:04 > 0:24:07- I'm taking the other half home!
0:24:10 > 0:24:13- The community - needed something like this.
0:24:13 > 0:24:19- It's a great place to meet - during the day or before going home.
0:24:19 > 0:24:21- Is the family happy with it?
0:24:21 > 0:24:24- Is the family happy with it?- - Yes, we're all very proud of Mam.
0:24:24 > 0:24:25- Do you get a lot of free cakes?
0:24:25 > 0:24:27- Do you get a lot of free cakes?- - Yes, and a homemade dinner too.
0:24:33 > 0:24:37- After the break, - we chat with Dylan Iorwerth...
0:24:37 > 0:24:41- ..as the magazine called Lingo - celebrates a milestone.
0:24:42 > 0:24:47- A young lady tells us about winning - the title of Cadet of the Year.
0:24:47 > 0:24:53- Glen Bartlett chats about the - latest radios to hit the shelves.
0:24:53 > 0:24:55- Join us in a few minutes.
0:24:58 > 0:24:58- .
0:25:02 > 0:25:02- Subtitles
0:25:02 > 0:25:04- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:25:08 > 0:25:09- Welcome back.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12- Have you ever read - a magazine called Lingo?
0:25:13 > 0:25:15- It's a magazine for Welsh learners.
0:25:15 > 0:25:19- It features interesting stories - from all over Wales.
0:25:19 > 0:25:23- The magazine recently celebrated - a special milestone...
0:25:23 > 0:25:25- ..with its 100th edition.
0:25:25 > 0:25:29- Last week, the editor, - Dylan Iorwerth appeared on Heno...
0:25:30 > 0:25:32- ..to chat about - the magazine's appeal.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36- It's a bimonthly magazine.
0:25:36 > 0:25:38- Yes, there's six a year.
0:25:38 > 0:25:40- It started in 1999.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43- Yes, well done with your maths!
0:25:43 > 0:25:46- We weren't keeping count...
0:25:46 > 0:25:50- ..so it was quite a shock - to realize that we'd published 100!
0:25:50 > 0:25:54- I can say with my hand on my heart - that it's a success...
0:25:54 > 0:25:57- ..and sales have increased - over the years.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59- Why establish it?
0:25:59 > 0:26:03- Golwg magazine - had been running for ten years.
0:26:03 > 0:26:04- Why start this one?
0:26:05 > 0:26:08- We had the Wcw magazine - for young children too.
0:26:08 > 0:26:13- The magazine, Lingo already existed - but something went wrong.
0:26:13 > 0:26:17- The Welsh Books Council asked - a company to take on the magazine.
0:26:18 > 0:26:22- We agreed to do that - and renamed it as Lingo Newydd.
0:26:22 > 0:26:25- Since then, - it's been part of our output...
0:26:25 > 0:26:30- ..and has exceeded - all of our expectations.
0:26:31 > 0:26:32- It's incredible.
0:26:32 > 0:26:37- It shows there's more Welsh learners - which can only be a good thing.
0:26:37 > 0:26:42- It's proof there's more learners - but I hope it's a good magazine too!
0:26:42 > 0:26:47- We wanted to make sure that - it was an interesting magazine...
0:26:47 > 0:26:50- ..that happened to be in Welsh - and for learners...
0:26:51 > 0:26:54- ..as opposed to being - solely for learners.
0:26:54 > 0:26:58- We approached it - in the same way as we prepare Golwg.
0:26:58 > 0:27:02- Is it a difficult magazine - to compile?
0:27:03 > 0:27:07- Are there guidelines - or are you helped with the language?
0:27:07 > 0:27:12- We're lucky to have Non ap Emlyn, - a Welsh language advisor...
0:27:12 > 0:27:15- ..who is very experienced - and proficient...
0:27:15 > 0:27:20- ..in terms of reading material - for Welsh learners.
0:27:20 > 0:27:23- She's the one who compiles it all...
0:27:23 > 0:27:27- ..but we try to write in a way - that makes her job easier.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30- It's a wonderful discipline - to master.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34- You're forced to think - of simpler phrasing.
0:27:34 > 0:27:36- It's a great practice.
0:27:36 > 0:27:37- It's a great practice.- - Yes, I'm sure it is.
0:27:37 > 0:27:43- It's interesting to note that there - are different coloured boxes...
0:27:43 > 0:27:46- ..for the various levels - of literacy.
0:27:46 > 0:27:48- Yes, there are three levels.
0:27:48 > 0:27:51- Blue is for those - who are just starting out...
0:27:52 > 0:27:55- ..so the language is very simple.
0:27:55 > 0:27:58- Green is for those - who are more experienced.
0:27:58 > 0:28:03- Those reading the red boxes - are quite fluent in the language...
0:28:03 > 0:28:05- ..and start reading Golwg.
0:28:06 > 0:28:09- The world of journalism - has changed so much.
0:28:10 > 0:28:15- The Independent is moving - to a digital-only format...
0:28:15 > 0:28:20- ..but I suspect a magazine - for learners has a secure future.
0:28:20 > 0:28:24- If I was learning a language, - I'd like to see it on paper...
0:28:24 > 0:28:30- ..but the digital side is growing in - importance and people learn online.
0:28:30 > 0:28:33- Plans are in place - for the coming weeks...
0:28:33 > 0:28:36- ..to launch an app - to accompany Lingo Newydd.
0:28:37 > 0:28:41- It means that there will be - an audio version of the magazine.
0:28:41 > 0:28:47- We will read the articles to help - learners with the pronunciation.
0:28:48 > 0:28:51- Make sure you buy Lingo.
0:28:52 > 0:28:56- After years of being a volunteer - with the St John's Ambulance...
0:28:56 > 0:29:00- ..Georgia Mills, - a Sixth-Form pupil from Ammanford...
0:29:00 > 0:29:04- ..has been named Cadet of the Year - in Wales.
0:29:04 > 0:29:09- We celebrated the news by sending - our cameras to congratulate her.
0:29:13 > 0:29:19- I was very fortunate to be named the - 2016 Cadet of the Year in Wales...
0:29:19 > 0:29:23- ..having participated - in a weekend of competitions.
0:29:24 > 0:29:27- The winner - was revealed on the Sunday.
0:29:27 > 0:29:33- In 2016, I'll be involved in events - around Wales and possibly in London.
0:29:34 > 0:29:39- It means a lot because the St John's - Ambulance is a big part of my life.
0:29:39 > 0:29:42- I've made a lot of friends...
0:29:42 > 0:29:46- ..and it's helped - to boost my confidence...
0:29:46 > 0:29:49- ..so the title means a lot.
0:29:49 > 0:29:52- I started it - to get something on my CV...
0:29:52 > 0:29:56- ..that would impress universities - as I want to be a doctor...
0:29:57 > 0:30:02- ..but after a month, I found that I - enjoyed it and was with my friends.
0:30:03 > 0:30:07- I'm a corporal in Carmarthen - so I've got an important role.
0:30:07 > 0:30:12- The St John's Ambulance - isn't just about learning First Aid.
0:30:12 > 0:30:14- It offers so much more than that.
0:30:14 > 0:30:20- In the Grand Prior Award, we learn - about fire and radio communications.
0:30:20 > 0:30:24- We can also win titles - such as Cadet of the Year...
0:30:24 > 0:30:27- ..and follow an array of courses.
0:30:27 > 0:30:30- It's going to be - a very exciting year...
0:30:30 > 0:30:35- ..because I'll represent - Welsh cadets in Britain...
0:30:35 > 0:30:38- ..so it'll be a momentous - and enjoyable year.
0:30:42 > 0:30:47- Congratulations to Georgia - and the very best of luck to you.
0:30:47 > 0:30:49- Earlier in the programme...
0:30:49 > 0:30:52- ..we celebrated World Radio Day...
0:30:52 > 0:30:55- ..with DJs from the length - and breadth of Wales.
0:30:55 > 0:31:01- Next, we want to highlight - the various radios that are on sale.
0:31:03 > 0:31:06- Glen Bartlett has joined us...
0:31:06 > 0:31:10- ..to look at the many radios - that are on the market.
0:31:10 > 0:31:11- Welcome to the programme.
0:31:11 > 0:31:13- Welcome to the programme.- - Thank you very much.
0:31:13 > 0:31:15- You work in the radio world.
0:31:15 > 0:31:21- I've got a weekly programme on a - community radio station in Swansea.
0:31:21 > 0:31:23- That was a great plug!
0:31:23 > 0:31:27- Where do people start - if they want to listen to you?
0:31:28 > 0:31:30- You need to buy a radio!
0:31:30 > 0:31:32- There's so many to be had.
0:31:32 > 0:31:37- When I went shopping, I was stunned - by the variety of radios.
0:31:37 > 0:31:42- Let's start with the Boombox - by Groov-e in the far corner.
0:31:42 > 0:31:46- Boombox has come back into fashion - recently.
0:31:47 > 0:31:49- It's associated with the 1990s...
0:31:49 > 0:31:53- ..when people carried it - down the street on their shoulder.
0:31:54 > 0:31:57- I think it's back in fashion - for 2016.
0:31:57 > 0:32:01- It can simply be tuned into - any radio station you want...
0:32:02 > 0:32:05- ..but it's also a CD player.
0:32:05 > 0:32:08- In terms of its sound...
0:32:08 > 0:32:13- ..there are radios out there that - have a better quality of sound...
0:32:13 > 0:32:16- ..but it's ideal - if you want something...
0:32:16 > 0:32:21- ..that will transport you - back to the 1990s.
0:32:21 > 0:32:26- We should point out - that not everybody downloads music.
0:32:26 > 0:32:30- Many people, and that's me included, - have hundreds of CDs...
0:32:31 > 0:32:33- ..and you need a player for them.
0:32:34 > 0:32:36- It's lovely and colourful too.
0:32:36 > 0:32:38- Oh, look at the next one.
0:32:38 > 0:32:42- The producers of Frozen - and those at Disney...
0:32:42 > 0:32:46- ..must rub their hands with glee - when a branded item is released.
0:32:46 > 0:32:49- It's how they make their money.
0:32:49 > 0:32:52- If you have children - or are a child yourself...
0:32:53 > 0:32:57- ..and you want a character - on your radio...
0:32:57 > 0:33:02- ..then Lexibook has an array - of radios to suit your needs.
0:33:02 > 0:33:04- Yes, it is a radio...
0:33:04 > 0:33:08- ..but you cannot tune it - into any radio stations.
0:33:08 > 0:33:10- This is just a CD player...
0:33:11 > 0:33:17- ..but I think it would be perfect - as a gift or a child's first radio.
0:33:17 > 0:33:21- It gives them independence - to listen to their own music.
0:33:21 > 0:33:22- What's next?
0:33:22 > 0:33:23- What's next?- - It's a Roberts radio.
0:33:24 > 0:33:29- I mentioned sound quality and - Roberts is famous for its sound.
0:33:29 > 0:33:33- They have released radios - that are waterproof.
0:33:33 > 0:33:36- I don't think - it's a very original idea...
0:33:36 > 0:33:39- ..as many people - have radios in their shower.
0:33:40 > 0:33:44- Roberts is the latest company - to jump on that band wagon.
0:33:44 > 0:33:47- There's a handle - so you can hang it up.
0:33:47 > 0:33:50- Why would you want it - in the shower with you?
0:33:50 > 0:33:54- It's so you can sing along - to your favourite songs.
0:33:54 > 0:33:58- You can listen to the news - or traffic reports in the morning.
0:33:59 > 0:34:00- You're not in there for that long.
0:34:00 > 0:34:02- You're not in there for that long.- - Yes, I am!
0:34:02 > 0:34:07- The Roberts Splash! will keep you - company when you're in the shower.
0:34:08 > 0:34:11- You can have it by the pool - when you're on holiday.
0:34:11 > 0:34:13- It is expensive at 99.99...
0:34:13 > 0:34:17- ..so it might be one-off purchase!
0:34:17 > 0:34:20- The next one is made from cardboard.
0:34:21 > 0:34:23- Yes, this one is more eco-friendly.
0:34:23 > 0:34:26- It's a radio made from cardboard.
0:34:26 > 0:34:31- This radio is made - using recycled cardboard.
0:34:32 > 0:34:36- This is a great radio if you have - a specific moral stance...
0:34:36 > 0:34:38- ..of saving the planet!
0:34:38 > 0:34:42- It's also got that novelty feature.
0:34:42 > 0:34:43- I like it.
0:34:44 > 0:34:46- It would fall apart - if it went near water.
0:34:47 > 0:34:49- Don't confuse the two.
0:34:49 > 0:34:53- No, you can't take that one - into the shower with you!
0:34:53 > 0:34:58- It's cool but still quite expensive - at 24.99.
0:34:58 > 0:35:03- Let's move to the front - to the pocket-sized radios.
0:35:03 > 0:35:09- If you listen to the radio on your - phone, iPhone or other device...
0:35:09 > 0:35:14- ..then it's highly likely - that you will lose your signal.
0:35:14 > 0:35:17- This radio is tuned to your station.
0:35:18 > 0:35:21- It will not cut out like a phone.
0:35:21 > 0:35:23- It's really cheap too.
0:35:23 > 0:35:26- You've got some very pretty radios - by your side.
0:35:26 > 0:35:28- We like those.
0:35:28 > 0:35:32- These are mono radios that are made - by Alba and sold in Argos.
0:35:33 > 0:35:36- If you're decorating your room - at the moment...
0:35:36 > 0:35:40- ..you can find a radio of any size - and colour.
0:35:40 > 0:35:42- Yes, but are they any good?
0:35:43 > 0:35:46- These are mono radios - as opposed to being stereo.
0:35:46 > 0:35:50- Stereo sound - will fill the whole room.
0:35:51 > 0:35:53- Mono sound - only comes from one speaker.
0:35:54 > 0:35:59- You'll need to turn up the dial - so that you can hear it properly.
0:35:59 > 0:36:01- I like that it's made by Alba.
0:36:01 > 0:36:04- Is there one more for you to show us - in the front?
0:36:05 > 0:36:08- You can buy yourself a clock radio - for the mornings...
0:36:09 > 0:36:13- ..so you can wake up - with Dylan Jones on Radio Cymru.
0:36:15 > 0:36:16- Thank you, Glen.
0:36:17 > 0:36:20- That's all for now but in - the final part of the programme...
0:36:21 > 0:36:25- ..Rachel has advice - for the perfect children's party.
0:36:25 > 0:36:29- There's also tips from Ieuan, - our king of the garden!
0:36:29 > 0:36:31- I'll see you in a few minutes.
0:36:35 > 0:36:35- .
0:36:39 > 0:36:39- Subtitles
0:36:39 > 0:36:41- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:36:45 > 0:36:46- Welcome back.
0:36:47 > 0:36:52- Organizing the perfect party for - your child is quite the headache.
0:36:52 > 0:36:57- There's so much choice - and it all costs an arm and a leg.
0:36:57 > 0:37:02- Don't worry because Rachel has some - useful advice for us this morning.
0:37:03 > 0:37:07- There's plenty of items - that don't break the bank.
0:37:07 > 0:37:09- First, - it's important to pick a theme.
0:37:10 > 0:37:14- It cuts costs and restricts - the choices that are open to you.
0:37:14 > 0:37:19- Choosing a theme also helps when it - comes to picking your colour scheme.
0:37:19 > 0:37:23- In this corner, - I've got something for little boys.
0:37:23 > 0:37:26- It's good for big boys like me too!
0:37:26 > 0:37:28- This is a pirate theme.
0:37:29 > 0:37:33- Everything on the table, so that's - the plates, table cloth and cups...
0:37:34 > 0:37:35- ..is sold in Tesco for 4.
0:37:36 > 0:37:39- At the moment, - there is a four-for-three offer...
0:37:39 > 0:37:42- ..which is a good price - for eight people.
0:37:42 > 0:37:47- I doubt you'd want more than eight - children in the house at one time.
0:37:47 > 0:37:49- It would be very messy!
0:37:49 > 0:37:53- If you're looking - to create a free activity...
0:37:53 > 0:37:58- ..you could print some maps - from the Internet...
0:37:58 > 0:38:04- ..roll them up - and tie them with a piece of ribbon.
0:38:05 > 0:38:10- They can colour them in which should - fill about 15 minutes of the day!
0:38:10 > 0:38:12- You can do that for free.
0:38:13 > 0:38:15- If you've got a pirate theme...
0:38:15 > 0:38:17- ..nothing beats a treasure hunt.
0:38:18 > 0:38:20- You've got to have one of those.
0:38:20 > 0:38:25- Place clues around the house - or the garden, if weather permits...
0:38:26 > 0:38:32- ..and they can search for a treasure - chest that's full of party bags.
0:38:32 > 0:38:35- The party bags - are filled with various items.
0:38:35 > 0:38:40- I found a lot of items in one bag - in Wilkinsons being sold for 3.50.
0:38:40 > 0:38:44- There's also the chocolate coins.
0:38:44 > 0:38:48- I have to tell you that somebody's - been eating those already.
0:38:49 > 0:38:53- I only had one but deserve another - one for my pirate impression!
0:38:54 > 0:38:58- A lot of shops sell these things so - they are more competitively priced.
0:38:59 > 0:39:01- Yes, and we'll move to the girls.
0:39:01 > 0:39:03- There's an obvious change in colour.
0:39:03 > 0:39:05- There's an obvious change in colour.- - Yes, we like pink.
0:39:05 > 0:39:08- It's great for little girls - of all ages.
0:39:09 > 0:39:13- I think bunting - is essential for any party...
0:39:14 > 0:39:16- ..and I really like this one.
0:39:16 > 0:39:18- It's from Asda and was only 2.
0:39:19 > 0:39:24- You can write any message on it as - it comes with an array of stickers.
0:39:24 > 0:39:26- I thought it was a Welsh one!
0:39:27 > 0:39:29- You could write - a child's name on it.
0:39:30 > 0:39:32- Yes, and their age - or anything you want.
0:39:32 > 0:39:34- I think it's a real bargain.
0:39:34 > 0:39:37- I think it's a real bargain.- - Yes, it's a great price.
0:39:37 > 0:39:41- When it comes to activities - for the children...
0:39:41 > 0:39:44- ..princess parties are very popular.
0:39:44 > 0:39:48- Start by getting them - to make their own crowns...
0:39:48 > 0:39:51- ..that can be worn - throughout the party.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56- These are sold as Easter Crowns - but are ideal for parties.
0:39:56 > 0:40:00- It's 1 for two crowns - from Poundland.
0:40:00 > 0:40:06- You can buy an array of things from - a craft section to decorate them.
0:40:06 > 0:40:09- You know better than most people...
0:40:09 > 0:40:14- ..that you need to keep the children - entertained as soon as they arrive.
0:40:14 > 0:40:16- They need to do something.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19- I played pass the parcel.
0:40:19 > 0:40:22- There's nothing wrong - with being a bit retro!
0:40:22 > 0:40:27- You can move to another activity - that doubles up as food too.
0:40:27 > 0:40:29- They can decorate their own cakes.
0:40:30 > 0:40:34- They can either eat them - or take them home in a party bag.
0:40:35 > 0:40:40- These decorations are perfect - for a princess-themed party.
0:40:40 > 0:40:43- They are from Home Bargains - and start from 59p.
0:40:43 > 0:40:48- You could have a table of sweets - to use as decorations...
0:40:48 > 0:40:52- ..and it's very important - for you to have glitter too!
0:40:52 > 0:40:57- There's another activity but it does - depend on the age of the child...
0:40:57 > 0:41:00- ..and that's a pampering party.
0:41:01 > 0:41:03- There's some Frozen items.
0:41:03 > 0:41:07- Frozen is still very popular - despite being released ages ago!
0:41:08 > 0:41:12- It's nail art and the sort of things - that girls enjoy.
0:41:12 > 0:41:14- Older girls might enjoy a face mask.
0:41:15 > 0:41:19- You can get three masks for 1 - from Poundland which is a bargain.
0:41:19 > 0:41:21- It's worth shopping around.
0:41:22 > 0:41:23- If you're feeling brave...
0:41:24 > 0:41:29- ..you could get them to make their - own masks with avocado and banana.
0:41:29 > 0:41:31- What have you got on the end?
0:41:31 > 0:41:35- This is for older children - or teenagers.
0:41:35 > 0:41:41- You could have a games tournament - with an array of board games.
0:41:41 > 0:41:43- Buy plain pizzas...
0:41:43 > 0:41:47- ..and have a bar of various toppings - for their pizza.
0:41:47 > 0:41:53- It's an activity but they will be - fed and enjoy popcorn with a film.
0:41:53 > 0:41:58- That's great and would entertain - the children during the rugby too.
0:41:59 > 0:42:00- Yes, and me too!
0:42:00 > 0:42:01- Yes, and me too!- - Alright, you can eat it.
0:42:02 > 0:42:04- Thank you for those ideas, Rachel.
0:42:06 > 0:42:07- Thank you, Rachel.
0:42:08 > 0:42:09- We close the programme...
0:42:10 > 0:42:14- ..with an item to inspire us - to get out into our gardens...
0:42:15 > 0:42:17- ..after a very stormy winter.
0:42:17 > 0:42:20- Ieuan is man - who can put us on the right track.
0:42:25 > 0:42:29- Due to the wet and windy weather - we've had in recent months...
0:42:29 > 0:42:33- ..it's been impossible - to do anything in the garden.
0:42:33 > 0:42:38- Today, the sun is shining and - there's a long list of things to do!
0:42:38 > 0:42:41- It's time to tidy up and clear up.
0:42:41 > 0:42:44- First, wash the windows - of your glasshouse.
0:42:45 > 0:42:49- There's stubborn dirt and grit on - the windows despite the heavy rain.
0:42:50 > 0:42:54- You need some detergent and some - elbow grease to clean the glass.
0:42:54 > 0:42:58- It's an important job - at this time of the year.
0:42:58 > 0:43:02- It enables the plants inside - to soak up plenty of sunlight.
0:43:03 > 0:43:06- You should also disinfect - the inside of the glasshouse.
0:43:07 > 0:43:13- Remove or cover any plants that - are growing in the glasshouse...
0:43:13 > 0:43:18- ..until you finish spraying - to avoid scorching the leaves.
0:43:18 > 0:43:23- Disinfect the glass and the frame...
0:43:23 > 0:43:29- ..to help with cleaning and to kill - insect eggs and fungal spores.
0:43:32 > 0:43:38- You need to trim raspberry stalks - right down to the bottom...
0:43:38 > 0:43:41- ..to encourage new growth - from the base...
0:43:41 > 0:43:44- ..that will produce fruit - from August.
0:43:45 > 0:43:47- But you must not do this...
0:43:47 > 0:43:51- ..with the raspberry plants - that produce fruit in July.
0:43:51 > 0:43:57- That fruit can grow on the old - stalks that bore fruit last year.
0:43:59 > 0:44:05- We need a few more dry days - before burning this garden waste...
0:44:05 > 0:44:09- ..that includes hedge trimmings - from the autumn.
0:44:12 > 0:44:16- If you've got an apple - and pear tree in your garden...
0:44:16 > 0:44:22- ..prune and neaten them - before the new growth in the spring.
0:44:22 > 0:44:25- The job is much easier now...
0:44:25 > 0:44:30- ..as the tree is bare - and the framework is apparent.
0:44:30 > 0:44:36- First, remove any dead, - broken or tangled branches...
0:44:36 > 0:44:39- ..and even those - in the middle of the tree...
0:44:40 > 0:44:44- ..so air can circulate and light can - reach all parts of the plant.
0:44:45 > 0:44:50- You should aim for a goblet shape.
0:44:50 > 0:44:55- Trim any long - or over-grown branches...
0:44:56 > 0:45:00- ..and cut back last year's growth - by a third in length.
0:45:00 > 0:45:04- Always trim back - to the healthy buds...
0:45:04 > 0:45:09- ..that face outwards - and not into the centre of the tree.
0:45:10 > 0:45:16- Don't touch cherry and plums trees - until the summer.
0:45:16 > 0:45:19- Trimming them now...
0:45:19 > 0:45:24- ..will leave them exposed to a - fungal disease called silver leaf.
0:45:24 > 0:45:27- You might have noticed - that some branches...
0:45:27 > 0:45:31- ..are covered in a layer of lichen.
0:45:31 > 0:45:36- It's crusty, sometimes mossy - and a shade of grey or green.
0:45:36 > 0:45:40- Don't despair if you find this...
0:45:40 > 0:45:44- ..as this tree lichen - is totally harmless...
0:45:44 > 0:45:48- ..but it can indicate - a lack of vigour in the tree.
0:45:48 > 0:45:51- It's often found on older trees...
0:45:52 > 0:45:55- ..and encouraged by moisture.
0:45:55 > 0:46:01- Lichen is visually prominent - after long periods of rain.
0:46:01 > 0:46:05- That's exactly what we've had - for the past three months!
0:46:05 > 0:46:08- Pruning to improve - air circulation...
0:46:08 > 0:46:11- ..helps to control the lichen.
0:46:11 > 0:46:15- Feeding the tree to replenish it - can also help too.
0:46:15 > 0:46:18- Some people are of the opinion...
0:46:18 > 0:46:22- ..that the lichen - looks demure and primeval.
0:46:22 > 0:46:27- But if you're one of those - who think it's unattractive...
0:46:27 > 0:46:30- ..you can scrape it away...
0:46:30 > 0:46:34- ..after it has dried - in the spring sunshine.
0:46:34 > 0:46:37- This has dried out already.
0:46:37 > 0:46:40- But, in my personal opinion...
0:46:41 > 0:46:46- ..there are more pressing things - to do in the garden!
0:46:47 > 0:46:49- Thank you, Ieuan.
0:46:49 > 0:46:52- And that's the end - of another jam-packed programme.
0:46:53 > 0:46:55- Thank you for joining me today.
0:46:55 > 0:46:59- I'll be back at the same time, - in the same place next week.
0:46:59 > 0:47:04- Don't forget the closing date for - the Welsh Learner of the Year...
0:47:04 > 0:47:06- ..and remember the Dal Ati mantra.
0:47:07 > 0:47:09- Keep practicing your Welsh.
0:47:09 > 0:47:13- It's important to try - but have a lot of fun too!
0:47:13 > 0:47:15- Good morning to you all.
0:47:32 > 0:47:34- S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis
0:47:34 > 0:47:34- .