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0:00:06 > 0:00:08- With the General Election - behind us...
0:00:08 > 0:00:12- ..and more questions - than ever before unanswered...
0:00:12 > 0:00:15- ..what kind of Brexit - will be discussed next week?
0:00:16 > 0:00:21- Will Theresa May broker a good deal - for Welsh farmers in Europe?
0:00:21 > 0:00:24- I'm at the sheepdog trials - near Porthyrhyd...
0:00:24 > 0:00:27- ..to ask the farmers - for their thoughts.
0:00:38 > 0:00:41- We'll also discuss milk, - its nutritional value...
0:00:41 > 0:00:44- ..and the demand - for unpasteurised milk.
0:00:46 > 0:00:50- Winning the public's support - for farming is important.
0:00:51 > 0:00:54- Both unions have worked hard - to build that relationship.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01- In any trials, it's important - to have trust and understanding...
0:01:01 > 0:01:03- ..between shepherd and dog.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07- Is that where matters went awry - for the Tories on Thursday?
0:01:07 > 0:01:10- How much trust do farmers have - in Theresa May...
0:01:10 > 0:01:14- ..as she tries to get - the best deal in Europe?
0:01:18 > 0:01:21- Theresa May wanted a hard Brexit.
0:01:21 > 0:01:26- She called the General Election - to strengthen her hand.
0:01:26 > 0:01:31- The result in the election - actually weakened her position.
0:01:31 > 0:01:35- It appears that Brexit - will be softer as a result.
0:01:36 > 0:01:40- In terms of the importance of the - Single Market for Welsh farmers...
0:01:40 > 0:01:42- ..I think that's a good thing.
0:01:43 > 0:01:49- Can Theresa May be a strong, stable - voice in Europe? We'll wait and see.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53- Theresa May has lost - some of her power.
0:01:53 > 0:01:56- I'm not really sure why she did it.
0:01:56 > 0:02:00- Corbyn's not a strong politician - - in fact, he's a liability.
0:02:00 > 0:02:03- It's happened now - and it's disappointing.
0:02:04 > 0:02:10- Do you think agriculture has - a high priority in the discussion?
0:02:10 > 0:02:11- Not at all.
0:02:12 > 0:02:17- They don't appreciate - that we provide the produce...
0:02:17 > 0:02:19- ..that people buy in the shops.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22- They can't see that.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24- It's sad, I must say.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27- I don't think the result - will help farmers.
0:02:28 > 0:02:33- Tough times lie ahead. - None of us know what will happen.
0:02:33 > 0:02:37- Looking back, she probably - regrets calling the election.
0:02:37 > 0:02:41- It's going to be a difficult time - keeping everyone happy.
0:02:45 > 0:02:49- Milk. A natural, nutritional drink.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53- Do people realise the value of milk?
0:03:00 > 0:03:06- In Wales, on average, we each drink - 150 pints of milk each year.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11- Often, this is one of the - first items on our shopping list.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15- The industry has faced challenges - over the past few years.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- Production has changed little - but the number of farms has halved.
0:03:24 > 0:03:28- 77% of the milk we consume - is produced in Britain...
0:03:28 > 0:03:33- ..as natural milk, powder, - butter, cream, yogurt and cheese.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37- Research has been done - which shows the benefits...
0:03:37 > 0:03:39- ..of daily milk consumption...
0:03:39 > 0:03:43- ..especially for children - and the elderly.
0:03:43 > 0:03:47- Many people are now turning to milk - which often comes from plants.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52- How beneficial is milk?
0:03:52 > 0:03:55- Milk contains - all kinds of nutrients...
0:03:55 > 0:03:59- ..including protein, - carbohydrates, fat, vitamins...
0:03:59 > 0:04:01- ..and most minerals apart from iron.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04- A person can live on milk alone.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07- We can see this - in young mammals or babies.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10- They can live on milk - up to the age of six months...
0:04:10 > 0:04:14- ..because of the fantastic - nutritional value of milk.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17- You should drink - a pint of milk a day.
0:04:17 > 0:04:23- If you eat yogurt, one pot is the - equivalent of a third of a pint.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27- One slice of cheese is also - about a third of a pint.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31- Between those, and the milk - in your tea and coffee...
0:04:31 > 0:04:34- ..you can consume - about a pint of milk each day.
0:04:35 > 0:04:39- In the past, milk has been linked - to high levels of cholesterol.
0:04:39 > 0:04:47- Even when you drink full-fat milk, - it's still only 4% fat.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51- Personally, I'd like people - to talk about milk as just milk.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55- Milk with less fat - after it's been skimmed...
0:04:56 > 0:04:59- ..can then be called skimmed milk.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02- Then we wouldn't be misled - as people.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- The truth is, - milk is a low-fat food.
0:05:07 > 0:05:12- With more people turning to - almond, soya and goat's milk...
0:05:12 > 0:05:15- ..how does it compare to cow's milk?
0:05:15 > 0:05:19- Goat's milk and cow's milk - are comparatively similar.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23- There is a small difference - in the nutritional value.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25- Choosing is just a personal choice.
0:05:26 > 0:05:32- Soya and almond milk - are made from plants.
0:05:33 > 0:05:38- You don't get the same - nutritional value as cow's milk.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41- It's not as beneficial - as cow's milk.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44- They can add calcium and vitamins - to the milk.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48- They also add sugar - to make it easier for us to drink.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52- There is a specific taste - to this milk.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56- It take a little while - to get used to it.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03- Carwyn Jones, - Penlan y Mor, Aberaeron...
0:06:03 > 0:06:07- ..is searching for ways to add value - to his farm's milk.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10- They've turned back the clock...
0:06:10 > 0:06:14- ..and sell some of the milk - straight from the farm...
0:06:14 > 0:06:18- ..without it being pasteurised - or homogenised.
0:06:18 > 0:06:22- During the past few years, the - price of milk has been so low...
0:06:23 > 0:06:28- ..that was the catalyst - to try and add value to the milk.
0:06:28 > 0:06:33- As a child, Mam-gu used to tell me - of a time back in the 1960s.
0:06:33 > 0:06:37- She'd bring milk into the house - after milking in the morning.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39- Dad and my uncle - would fill bottles...
0:06:39 > 0:06:43- ..and sell them to hotels, - caravan parks and locals.
0:06:44 > 0:06:49- It was a great experience when - people visited the farm to buy milk.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52- It put some enthusiasm - back in the business.
0:06:52 > 0:06:56- They didn't make much money - but they had fun doing it.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58- Is that what's missing...
0:06:59 > 0:07:02- ..a relationship between - customer and farmer?
0:07:02 > 0:07:05- I think that is a factor.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09- We produce milk here and - we're proud of the milk we produce.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12- When it leaves the farm, - we know nothing about it.
0:07:13 > 0:07:16- It's too far to follow the produce.
0:07:17 > 0:07:19- How safe is raw milk?
0:07:19 > 0:07:22- Most people are concerned about TB.
0:07:22 > 0:07:27- We test the herd every year, - with the vets.
0:07:27 > 0:07:30- The FSA visit us - every three months...
0:07:30 > 0:07:35- ..take samples away and test them - for TB and many other things.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39- We take it down to the hospital - in Carmarthen...
0:07:39 > 0:07:43- ..to make separate tests every - three months to be entirely certain.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48- Selling raw milk - straight to the customer...
0:07:48 > 0:07:51- ..raises several questions - about public health.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55- Are there guidelines for anyone - hoping to follow this path?
0:07:56 > 0:07:59- It's not a complex process - but it's very thorough.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02- Apply to the - Food Standards Authority...
0:08:02 > 0:08:08- ..and the FSA researches the farm - wanting to sell raw milk.
0:08:08 > 0:08:12- They look at the milking parlour...
0:08:12 > 0:08:16- ..the food safety warning label - on the milk...
0:08:16 > 0:08:20- ..the medical documents - and the farm itself.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- If they're satisfied with - everything, they take a milk sample.
0:08:25 > 0:08:28- They return a TB or non-TB status.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31- If it comes back as non-TB, - it's OK to sell.
0:08:32 > 0:08:38- When the Animal and Plant Health - Agency pass it, it can be sold.
0:08:38 > 0:08:42- The whole process, from - start to finish, take 3-5 weeks.
0:08:42 > 0:08:46- How many rules are linked - to the sale of raw milk?
0:08:47 > 0:08:50- In England and Wales, - a farmer can only sell raw milk...
0:08:51 > 0:08:53- ..directly to the customer - from the farm.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58- If there's a shop on the farm or - they sell it from the farmhouse...
0:08:58 > 0:09:01- ..from a farmers' market - or on a milk round.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07- In terms of selling, the milk - must have an appropriate label...
0:09:07 > 0:09:13- ..a label that declares that - the milk hasn't been pasteurised.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17- That means it could still have - harmful bacteria.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21- Farms which produce raw milk...
0:09:22 > 0:09:27- ..are subject to rather - strict hygiene regulations.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30- They are also monitored - more regularly...
0:09:30 > 0:09:32- ..than milk - that has been pasteurised.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- How safe is raw milk?
0:09:40 > 0:09:42- You must take great care.
0:09:43 > 0:09:45- Since it hasn't been processed...
0:09:45 > 0:09:48- ..there's a risk - it will contain bacteria.
0:09:49 > 0:09:53- It's possible, as you transfer milk - from one place to another...
0:09:54 > 0:09:58- ..or through milking, you could get - some bacteria in the milk.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02- Most people won't be affected - by the level of bacteria...
0:10:03 > 0:10:05- ..because their immune system - can cope.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08- A proportion of the public - wouldn't cope...
0:10:08 > 0:10:12- ..people with a low immune system...
0:10:12 > 0:10:16- ..people having chemotherapy - for instance...
0:10:16 > 0:10:18- ..or the elderly or the young.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22- These people will have to be - more careful.
0:10:24 > 0:10:29- With only six farms in Wales - selling raw milk from the farm...
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- ..is there a future - for an enterprise like this?
0:10:33 > 0:10:37- With so much negativity - in the press about agriculture...
0:10:37 > 0:10:41- ..is this an opportunity - to recreate that relationship...
0:10:41 > 0:10:43- ..with the customer?
0:10:44 > 0:10:47- Yes, especially with Brexit - on the horizon.
0:10:47 > 0:10:51- I think people will - appreciate and want to understand...
0:10:51 > 0:10:53- ..where their food comes from.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56- Selling raw milk - is one way to do that.
0:10:56 > 0:11:02- You invite people from the town and - show them how we produce their food.
0:11:02 > 0:11:07- They will appreciate being allowed - to see and be part of that process.
0:11:07 > 0:11:12- It will make them appreciate - their food even more.
0:11:13 > 0:11:17- With more turning - to almond, soya and goat's milk...
0:11:17 > 0:11:20- ..does it worry the industry?
0:11:20 > 0:11:26- There are fads and fashions - but I think we'll need milk forever.
0:11:39 > 0:11:42- The trusty sheepdog - is here to stay too.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45- Stay with us - - after the break we discover...
0:11:45 > 0:11:50- ..how important branding is - to the agricultural world.
0:11:51 > 0:11:51- .
0:11:56 > 0:11:56- Subtitles
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0:12:02 > 0:12:04- An event such as this - is an opportunity...
0:12:05 > 0:12:07- ..to discover more about farming.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10- In Pembrokeshire, - children from the cities...
0:12:10 > 0:12:13- ..are having a hands-on experience - on the farm.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21- In 1976, Clare and Michael - Morpurgo set up a charity...
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- ..called Farms For City Children.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27- Their intention - was to offer children the chance...
0:12:27 > 0:12:29- ..to experience rural life.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32- Three farms - are part of the scheme...
0:12:32 > 0:12:35- ..and they welcome - 3,000 children annually.
0:12:35 > 0:12:41- Lower Treginnis near St David's - is their only farm in Wales.
0:12:41 > 0:12:44- Rob Davies farms here.
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- Children have been coming here - for 30 years.
0:12:51 > 0:12:55- I'm the farmer and I look after - the sheep and all the fields...
0:12:56 > 0:12:59- ..the crops, barley and oats.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03- We also make the silage and the hay.
0:13:04 > 0:13:09- The school is separate but they - come up to work with us too.
0:13:10 > 0:13:14- At 7.30am each morning, the children - are here to feed the lambs.
0:13:15 > 0:13:17- We have a couple of calves too.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20- After that, - they go out to check the stock.
0:13:20 > 0:13:23- What's your experience - of the way they respond?
0:13:24 > 0:13:26- Some won't have been near - a cow before.
0:13:27 > 0:13:30- Some have never seen the sea before. - No, not at all.
0:13:30 > 0:13:34- To be here, - some have never seen grass.
0:13:35 > 0:13:37- They've never played on grass.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41- In some schools in London, - they only play on the yard.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43- It's just tarmac and concrete.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47- What is the best experience - they have here?
0:13:47 > 0:13:52- The greatest shock for the children - is getting up in the morning...
0:13:52 > 0:13:56- ..to feed the hens, lambs, - goats, turkeys, geese and horses.
0:13:56 > 0:14:00- They do that before breakfast. - They're working at 7.30am.
0:14:01 > 0:14:02- Breakfast is 8.30am.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07- That's a shock to their system. - The animals come first.
0:14:07 > 0:14:14- Some can't cope with having to feed - the animals before themselves.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23- Today, the FUW have organised - a visit to the farm.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27- Hywel Vaughan is the union's - president in Pembrokeshire.
0:14:29 > 0:14:32- The children - have travelled down from London.
0:14:32 > 0:14:36- Teach them young - - they're primary school children.
0:14:37 > 0:14:39- It's an experience to be on a farm.
0:14:39 > 0:14:45- It's an organic farm, it's a rather - laid-back way of life here.
0:14:45 > 0:14:53- If this was an intensive farm, they - wouldn't have the time to do this.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55- It's very different here.
0:14:55 > 0:14:58- The children - are enjoying themselves.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01- We've learnt something today - from watching them.
0:15:02 > 0:15:06- When it's time to go home, - some of them don't want to go home.
0:15:06 > 0:15:08- They want to stay here.
0:15:09 > 0:15:14- We put too much emphasis - on data and targets.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19- We should be giving the children - the freedom...
0:15:19 > 0:15:24- ..to develop in their own time - and give them practical skills.
0:15:24 > 0:15:28- We shouldn't be pressurising - school children all the time.
0:15:28 > 0:15:33- This is why somewhere like this - is more beneficial than schools.
0:15:35 > 0:15:38- The children can visit - the 850 sheep...
0:15:38 > 0:15:41- ..the small herd - of Hereford cross cattle...
0:15:42 > 0:15:44- ..and feed the lambs and the goats.
0:15:44 > 0:15:47- There's something for everyone.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51- What do the school children - think about it?
0:15:52 > 0:15:57- I'm lucky to have some of the - children from London to talk to me.
0:15:57 > 0:16:02- What I first want to know is - has this been a special trip?
0:16:02 > 0:16:07- Yes. It's the best experience - you can get from the animals.
0:16:07 > 0:16:10- My favourite part of this - is gardening.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14- To describe this place - in one word is unforgettable.
0:16:15 > 0:16:19- In school, you have to do work and - we don't have that much play time.
0:16:19 > 0:16:25- Here, you have extra play time - and you can run until you drop...
0:16:25 > 0:16:29- ..and you can run - and it's also good for your health.
0:16:29 > 0:16:34- You can run and they take you - up to the hills...
0:16:34 > 0:16:38- ..and it's good exercise - but also very terrifying.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44- The manager for Farms For - City Children is Dan Jones.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48- I asked him about funding - for such an enterprise...
0:16:48 > 0:16:50- ..at a time of austerity.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53- We charge the school - a certain amount.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56- The true cost per child - is about three times that.
0:16:57 > 0:17:00- Over a year, we fundraise - about 1.2m every year...
0:17:00 > 0:17:03- ..just to subsidise - the cost to the children.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06- It's a hard job but so worthwhile.
0:17:07 > 0:17:11- Schools are ring-fencing money to - send their children to the farm.
0:17:12 > 0:17:16- They see the impact it has on them - when they come back in to school.
0:17:16 > 0:17:20- The schools really do - value the trip.
0:17:20 > 0:17:24- Also here to support the event - is Alun Phillips...
0:17:24 > 0:17:27- ..vice-chairman - of the Pembrokeshire branch.
0:17:27 > 0:17:30- He talked to the children - over lunch.
0:17:30 > 0:17:34- I've been pleasantly surprised.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38- They're very positive. They like - staying in the countryside.
0:17:39 > 0:17:43- They come from everywhere - - Romania, Somalia...
0:17:43 > 0:17:48- ..some of them arrived by boat - and made their home in Wembley.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50- We need to communicate - to these people.
0:17:50 > 0:17:54- Children from some towns - are strangers to the countryside.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56- They like coming here to walk.
0:17:56 > 0:18:00- We need to show them the work we do.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03- The impression I get - from talking to you...
0:18:03 > 0:18:07- ..is that the conversation - is important.
0:18:07 > 0:18:09- We don't communicate enough.
0:18:09 > 0:18:15- You read a lot of negative press - about Europe and immigration.
0:18:16 > 0:18:20- When you see what these children - have gone through...
0:18:20 > 0:18:22- ..it can make you feel - quite emotional.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26- We don't realise how fortunate - we are in this country.
0:18:28 > 0:18:30- Thank you!
0:18:33 > 0:18:38- Often people don't realise - how much work farmers do.
0:18:38 > 0:18:42- Once in a while, - it's good to blow our own trumpets.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47- Here at the Senedd...
0:18:47 > 0:18:52- ..NFU Cymru launched their report - Farming: Bringing Wales Together.
0:18:52 > 0:18:57- The report shows how farming meets - the goals in the Government's...
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- ..Well-being - of Future Generations Act.
0:19:00 > 0:19:04- The act places a responsibility - on public bodies...
0:19:04 > 0:19:07- ..to work towards achieving - seven goals.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11- A prosperous, resilient, - healthier and more equal Wales...
0:19:11 > 0:19:14- ..with cohesive, globally - responsible communities...
0:19:15 > 0:19:17- ..promoting a thriving - Welsh language.
0:19:17 > 0:19:20- People think of farmers - as food producers...
0:19:21 > 0:19:25- ..but we don't look at everything - else we achieve for society.
0:19:26 > 0:19:28- Of course, we produce food.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31- We're part of a 6bn industry - in Wales.
0:19:31 > 0:19:35- We're also promoting - culture, language...
0:19:35 > 0:19:37- ..looking after the environment.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40- We're responsible for 80% - of Welsh land.
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- It's an opportune time - to publish this report now.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47- For 40 years, - we've relied on Brussels...
0:19:47 > 0:19:50- ..for Wales' agricultural policy.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52- Everything changes with Brexit.
0:19:52 > 0:19:56- Our budget policies in the future - will come from the Assembly.
0:19:57 > 0:20:00- Ministers will have to work - under this act.
0:20:00 > 0:20:03- Every policy in any future budget...
0:20:04 > 0:20:08- ..will have to respond - to the aims of that act.
0:20:08 > 0:20:12- If we're creating policies and a - budget for farming in the future...
0:20:13 > 0:20:18- ..we need those policies - to comply with this act.
0:20:21 > 0:20:24- In this report, there are - 24 different examples...
0:20:24 > 0:20:27- ..outlining how agriculture - satisfies the seven aims...
0:20:28 > 0:20:31- ..and contributes to the economy - and environment...
0:20:31 > 0:20:34- ..socially and culturally.
0:20:35 > 0:20:38- It's time for everyone to realise - that farming in Wales...
0:20:38 > 0:20:43- ..is crucial to the economy - and culture of Wales as a whole...
0:20:43 > 0:20:47- ..and in line with the guidelines - of the new act.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51- It's important for us - to play our part.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55- It won't be easy from now on, - we have to play our part...
0:20:55 > 0:20:58- ..for industry and culture - in Wales.
0:20:58 > 0:21:01- Why were you eager - to be part of this report?
0:21:01 > 0:21:06- It was an opportunity to portray - what the farmers produce...
0:21:06 > 0:21:10- ..and how they help create - a thriving country.
0:21:11 > 0:21:15- We're an important part - even though we're low in numbers.
0:21:15 > 0:21:21- So much of what we do every day - without us noticing...
0:21:21 > 0:21:23- ..contributes to these aims.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26- We speak our language every day.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29- A country without language - is a country without a heart.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33- That's very important. - Our hearts are in our work.
0:21:33 > 0:21:37- As farmers, we've fulfilled - these aims without even knowing.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40- We've been doing it for years.
0:21:40 > 0:21:45- We're just showing everyone now - that we do fulfil these aims.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49- Looking after the environment - - carbon is a big issue.
0:21:50 > 0:21:54- The trees and peat - we have can store carbon.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57- There's reason to be optimistic - for the future.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59- Farmers achieve so much...
0:22:00 > 0:22:04- ..and it's time the public knew - how much work farmers do...
0:22:04 > 0:22:07- .for the environment - and Wales' future.
0:22:13 > 0:22:15- Finally, good news for small shows.
0:22:16 > 0:22:18- Last week on the programme...
0:22:18 > 0:22:22- ..we highlighted new legislation - from the Welsh Government...
0:22:22 > 0:22:25- ..which would have - affected exhibitors...
0:22:25 > 0:22:28- ..moving from show to show - this year.
0:22:28 > 0:22:32- The Welsh Government has decided - to postpone the legislation...
0:22:32 > 0:22:34- ..until September 21.
0:22:34 > 0:22:37- Until next time, - thanks for your company.
0:22:37 > 0:22:38- Cheerio.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:22:57 > 0:22:57- .