Mon, 13 Nov 2017

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0:00:06 > 0:00:09- A warning for farmers - to be vigilant for diseases.

0:00:11 > 0:00:15- If these sheep had MV, I couldn't - sell them or take them to shows.

0:00:16 > 0:00:18- The sheep would lose so much value.

0:00:18 > 0:00:21- Also on the programme, - how much of a challenge is it...

0:00:22 > 0:00:25- ..to round up sheep on the Carneddau - for Gareth Wyn Jones.

0:00:25 > 0:00:30- We're shouting at each other. - We don't have any walkie-talkies.

0:00:31 > 0:00:34- There's plenty of whistling and - shouting. That's rounding up sheep.

0:00:35 > 0:00:38- Valuable experiences - for pig breeders of the future.

0:00:39 > 0:00:42- A crew of London-based chefs will - visit me at the end of the month...

0:00:43 > 0:00:48- ..to improve the link between people - like me and restaurants in London.

0:00:53 > 0:00:59- Over the years, thousands of cattle - have been imported to Britain...

0:00:59 > 0:01:04- ..with 37,000 cattle imported - in 2014.

0:01:04 > 0:01:07- This is a way - to develop new breeds...

0:01:07 > 0:01:10- ..and introduce new blood - to the country.

0:01:10 > 0:01:13- It also brings its own problems, - including diseases.

0:01:18 > 0:01:23- One disease which struck the UK - for the first time in 2007...

0:01:23 > 0:01:25- ..was bluetongue disease.

0:01:25 > 0:01:28- It's a disease - which affects ruminants.

0:01:29 > 0:01:32- It doesn't affects - horses, pigs or people.

0:01:32 > 0:01:35- Recently, - cattle imported from France...

0:01:35 > 0:01:40- ..have been found with the disease - in England and Scotland.

0:01:40 > 0:01:44- One who's very aware of - the consequences of bluetongue...

0:01:44 > 0:01:48- ..is vet and farmer - Rhys Beynon-Thomas.

0:01:48 > 0:01:54- The main symptoms, as the name - of the disease would suggest...

0:01:55 > 0:01:58- ..especially with sheep, - the heads are swollen...

0:01:59 > 0:02:01- ..there are ulcers - around the mouth...

0:02:03 > 0:02:06- ..saliva secretes from the mouth...

0:02:06 > 0:02:10- ..and there are ulcers - around the coronary bands.

0:02:11 > 0:02:14- The tongue can swell up - with a little infection.

0:02:14 > 0:02:20- With cattle, the symptoms won't be - as visual in the early stages.

0:02:20 > 0:02:23- There can be swelling - in the udders.

0:02:23 > 0:02:27- Often, the only symptom - is a high temperature.

0:02:27 > 0:02:31- The animals will look ill and tired.

0:02:31 > 0:02:36- It can have a serious effect - on fertility in cattle...

0:02:36 > 0:02:40- ..and milk production, - especially in the dairy herd.

0:02:41 > 0:02:46- What's the most dangerous time - for the animals to be infected?

0:02:46 > 0:02:50- It's a virus - which is transferred by insects.

0:02:50 > 0:02:53- An gnat will sting - an infected animal...

0:02:53 > 0:02:56- ..and move on to sting - a healthy animal.

0:02:56 > 0:03:00- The worst time is when - the weather is relatively mild...

0:03:00 > 0:03:03- ..when gnats and midges - are prevalent.

0:03:03 > 0:03:06- That time is usually over - by October...

0:03:06 > 0:03:10- ..but it's rather mild today - and it's the first week of November.

0:03:10 > 0:03:12- The insects are still around.

0:03:13 > 0:03:17- It's not possible for the disease - to spread directly...

0:03:17 > 0:03:19- ..from cow to cow or sheep to sheep.

0:03:20 > 0:03:26- Not directly, no, but when we import - animals that have the disease...

0:03:26 > 0:03:31- ..our own animals can be infected - through insects.

0:03:31 > 0:03:35- The infected animals in England - and Scotland have been destroyed.

0:03:36 > 0:03:38- There's a strong sense - of frustration.

0:03:39 > 0:03:41- We're quite safe in Wales - at the moment.

0:03:42 > 0:03:44- As a vet, - what's your advice to farmers?

0:03:45 > 0:03:47- It's a known disease.

0:03:47 > 0:03:52- If farmers suspect that their - animals have been infected...

0:03:52 > 0:03:55- ..they should contact - their local vet.

0:03:58 > 0:04:02- Useful advice from Rhys and he - will be back with us in Part 2...

0:04:03 > 0:04:07- ..to discuss another virus which - is a cause for concern on farms.

0:04:07 > 0:04:10- Next, let's join Gareth Wyn Jones.

0:04:10 > 0:04:13- He's rounding up sheep - on the Carneddau.

0:04:23 > 0:04:26- We're looking down at Llyn Anafon.

0:04:26 > 0:04:29- We're getting ready to round up.

0:04:29 > 0:04:32- I hope the boys of Abergwyngregyn - are on their way up.

0:04:33 > 0:04:36- I can't do this on my own. - The weather's changed.

0:04:36 > 0:04:38- The mist's coming in, - as is the rain.

0:04:39 > 0:04:42- I hope we can start right away.

0:04:43 > 0:04:45- It's a miserable old morning.

0:04:45 > 0:04:50- This is one of the last round-ups - this year. We need them in today.

0:04:50 > 0:04:53- When we're rounding up - other sheep...

0:04:53 > 0:04:56- ..we gather up as many as we can.

0:04:56 > 0:05:02- This time, we need to get - every single sheep off the mountain.

0:05:04 > 0:05:08- The wind's picked up considerably - but the sun's out.

0:05:08 > 0:05:10- There's no mist.

0:05:10 > 0:05:14- I'm waiting for the lads to come up - and then we can head down.

0:05:15 > 0:05:18- This group of lads - come from the Falls area.

0:05:18 > 0:05:22- John Glyn, Wil Pen Llyn.

0:05:22 > 0:05:25- They're going over - in that direction.

0:05:25 > 0:05:27- We're heading down to Nant Yr Afon.

0:05:28 > 0:05:33- Gareth, Hefin, Arwyn and Dad - are on their way behind them.

0:05:33 > 0:05:36- I hope we can start - in two minutes' time.

0:05:36 > 0:05:38- Here are the lads!

0:05:41 > 0:05:45- It's clear enough - we can set off.

0:05:45 > 0:05:47- Let's go then.

0:05:48 > 0:05:51- I hope the mist doesn't fall - or we'll get lost!

0:05:53 > 0:05:54- Away we go.

0:05:54 > 0:05:56- Away we go.- - We'll see you later.

0:06:03 > 0:06:05- Wil's off. He's forgotten something.

0:06:05 > 0:06:09- He's shifting his backside - to catch up with the others!

0:06:09 > 0:06:12- Our crew has arrived.

0:06:12 > 0:06:17- We're about to leave. Gareth's - at the top, Arwyn's in the middle.

0:06:17 > 0:06:20- Hefin's at the bottom. - I'll be below him.

0:06:20 > 0:06:22- We'd best get on with it now.

0:06:26 > 0:06:31- My family have rounded up sheep - on these mountains for centuries.

0:06:32 > 0:06:35- I feel very fortunate - to be part of this world.

0:06:35 > 0:06:40- My father taught me about - Cerrig Pryfaid, Blaen y Ddalfa...

0:06:41 > 0:06:43- ..and Cors Lladron.

0:06:44 > 0:06:47- You can't find these names - on maps...

0:06:47 > 0:06:51- ..but local farmers know - where all these locations are.

0:06:51 > 0:06:54- It's important - to keep the names alive.

0:06:55 > 0:07:01- I've reached Clogwyn Llyn before - they've come all the way around.

0:07:01 > 0:07:06- That's important. If there's a touch - of mist, the sheep could slip back.

0:07:06 > 0:07:09- It's important that everyone - keeps their line.

0:07:10 > 0:07:12- We're shouting at each other.

0:07:12 > 0:07:14- We don't have any walkie-talkies.

0:07:14 > 0:07:17- There's plenty - of whistling and shouting.

0:07:17 > 0:07:19- That's rounding up sheep.

0:07:22 > 0:07:25- It's gone well up to now.

0:07:25 > 0:07:28- There aren't as many sheep today - as there were.

0:07:28 > 0:07:32- The weather was rough on Friday - so we got some of them down then.

0:07:34 > 0:07:35- I'll stay on the track.

0:07:36 > 0:07:40- I can tell them - if they've missed some of the sheep.

0:07:42 > 0:07:46- I used to go all the way to the top - but I have two new knees now!

0:07:48 > 0:07:53- We found a lamb that's been up here - all winter. It was quite weak.

0:07:54 > 0:07:57- When a dog appears, - sheep tend to become suicidal.

0:07:58 > 0:08:00- It went head over heels.

0:08:00 > 0:08:05- It found itself stuck on a ledge - and the dog chased it.

0:08:05 > 0:08:07- It was perfectly fine in the end.

0:08:07 > 0:08:11- It's not one of ours - but we weren't going to leave it.

0:08:17 > 0:08:23- After a few hours, it was nice - to see the sheep pen and home.

0:08:35 > 0:08:37- Well, that's a job well done.

0:08:38 > 0:08:41- This is the ideal time - to round up sheep.

0:08:41 > 0:08:45- There are few lambs - and the ewes are ready to come down.

0:08:45 > 0:08:47- The weather was on our side today.

0:08:48 > 0:08:51- The wind was at our backs - and the sheep came down quickly.

0:08:51 > 0:08:54- We'll have to sort out these sheep.

0:08:54 > 0:08:57- We'll take out those - that belong to others.

0:08:57 > 0:09:00- Some belong to College, - some belong to Wyn.

0:09:01 > 0:09:06- Ours will head down to Plas Newydd - where we'll separate them twice.

0:09:06 > 0:09:09- We'll separate them - into three groups on the road now.

0:09:10 > 0:09:14- We'll have to do it quickly, - I can hear horns beeping!

0:09:40 > 0:09:42- Square it up, come straight back.

0:09:46 > 0:09:47- He's changing his mind!

0:09:47 > 0:09:49- He's changing his mind!- - Square it up!

0:09:56 > 0:09:59- We found three sheep, - that's how it goes sometimes.

0:09:59 > 0:10:01- We round up for everyone.

0:10:01 > 0:10:03- It's important - to clear the mountain.

0:10:04 > 0:10:08- The sheep split up in the mist. - The lads at the top weren't happy!

0:10:08 > 0:10:09- We'd better go.

0:10:17 > 0:10:21- That's what happens when you round - up sheep, three sheep came down.

0:10:22 > 0:10:25- This is the smallest number - we've ever had.

0:10:26 > 0:10:28- No-one will believe me.

0:10:28 > 0:10:32- It's a good sign that we - rounded up most of them earlier.

0:10:32 > 0:10:35- Most of the sheep - came down before them.

0:10:35 > 0:10:38- They're all here, - ready to take a ram...

0:10:39 > 0:10:41- ..at the end of the week.

0:10:44 > 0:10:46- The final round-up is done.

0:10:48 > 0:10:53- To think we only found three sheep, - there are far more below us.

0:10:53 > 0:10:57- These were collected - when we rounded up before.

0:10:57 > 0:11:00- It's a good time - - the hard work is done.

0:11:00 > 0:11:02- It's time for the ram now.

0:11:02 > 0:11:06- That's when our year begins, - when the rams run with the sheep.

0:11:07 > 0:11:09- That's when the lambs are created.

0:11:09 > 0:11:12- That'll become our profit - at the end of the year.

0:11:13 > 0:11:16- It starts here. We're hoping - for another great year.

0:11:21 > 0:11:23- A successful day for Gareth.

0:11:23 > 0:11:28- After the break, we'll hear - more veterinary advice...

0:11:28 > 0:11:32- ..and we'll meet some pig farmers.

0:11:33 > 0:11:33- .

0:11:36 > 0:11:36- Subtitles

0:11:36 > 0:11:38- Subtitles- - Subtitles

0:11:42 > 0:11:44- Welcome back.

0:11:44 > 0:11:47- In Part 1, we heard about - bluetongue disease.

0:11:47 > 0:11:53- Another virus detected in - the United Kingdom is Maedi Visna.

0:11:53 > 0:11:56- The disease is on the increase...

0:11:56 > 0:12:01- ..and it was found in 20% - of the commercial flocks...

0:12:01 > 0:12:04- ..tested between May 2016 - and May 2017.

0:12:09 > 0:12:10- What is Maedi Visna?

0:12:11 > 0:12:14- It's a disease that was imported - to the country originally.

0:12:15 > 0:12:19- It's an infectious disease - caused by a virus.

0:12:19 > 0:12:25- It can be transferred from sheep - to sheep, from sheep to lamb...

0:12:26 > 0:12:28- ..and in the semen.

0:12:28 > 0:12:30- We often forget about that transfer.

0:12:30 > 0:12:34- In terms of the symptoms, - there are chronic characteristics.

0:12:34 > 0:12:39- Someone might buy an infected sheep - today with no symptoms present.

0:12:39 > 0:12:43- She can be in the flock for - many years without showing symptoms.

0:12:43 > 0:12:47- In that time, she can infect - a large proportion of the flock.

0:12:48 > 0:12:52- There are two types of symptoms - for Maedi Visna.

0:12:53 > 0:12:58- There's chronic pneumonia - without any rise in temperature.

0:12:58 > 0:13:01- The sheep will show signs - of a dry cough.

0:13:01 > 0:13:05- It will show signs of deterioration - in its weight and shape.

0:13:05 > 0:13:07- There are neurological symptoms.

0:13:07 > 0:13:12- A seemingly healthy sheep - will lose its balance and fall over.

0:13:12 > 0:13:14- There's no treatment - for the disease.

0:13:15 > 0:13:19- Destroying it and selling it - for meat is the only answer...

0:13:19 > 0:13:22- ..when Maedi Visna - is detected in the flock.

0:13:23 > 0:13:29- If Maedi Visna was detected in - your flock, it could be disastrous.

0:13:29 > 0:13:34- We have a Berrichon flock, - there are requirements...

0:13:34 > 0:13:37- ..to test the flock for MV.

0:13:37 > 0:13:43- If MV was found in this flock, - I couldn't show, sell in shows...

0:13:44 > 0:13:46- ..or show in the Royal Welsh.

0:13:46 > 0:13:51- To be honest, the sheep would lose - a great amount of value.

0:13:52 > 0:13:56- Some sheep societies - have very strict regulations...

0:13:56 > 0:13:58- ..regarding Maedi Visna.

0:13:58 > 0:14:02- All the monitoring schemes - are voluntary.

0:14:03 > 0:14:05- The cost is placed - on the pedigree herd.

0:14:06 > 0:14:08- The flock's blood - is tested annually...

0:14:09 > 0:14:12- ..depending - on the flock's condition...

0:14:12 > 0:14:15- ..to permit farmers - to show and sell the sheep.

0:14:15 > 0:14:18- There are two rings - in the Royal Welsh...

0:14:19 > 0:14:23- ..one for MV-monitored sheep - and one for non-monitored sheep.

0:14:24 > 0:14:28- Would it be a good idea if the - government supported this scheme...

0:14:29 > 0:14:31- ..to safeguard the country's flocks.

0:14:32 > 0:14:33- That's possible.

0:14:33 > 0:14:38- It would be good if more research - was done into cases in this country.

0:14:38 > 0:14:41- Farmers can make decisions - when they know...

0:14:41 > 0:14:43- ..where the disease is at its worst.

0:14:44 > 0:14:48- If farmers suspect their - commercial flock has the disease...

0:14:49 > 0:14:53- ..we can do spot checks - if you contact your local vet.

0:14:53 > 0:14:57- We can test the sheep to determine - if the flock is healthy.

0:15:00 > 0:15:02- There's a strong demand for bacon.

0:15:02 > 0:15:07- We import 95% of what we eat - in Wales every year.

0:15:07 > 0:15:14- In other words, only 5% of bacon - we eat in Wales comes from Wales.

0:15:15 > 0:15:17- There are plans - to change the situation.

0:15:19 > 0:15:22- There are around 25,000 pigs - in Wales...

0:15:23 > 0:15:27- ..producing 3,200 tonnes of bacon - every year.

0:15:27 > 0:15:32- The intention is to increase the - national herd to develop the sector.

0:15:32 > 0:15:37- Melanie Cargill is responsible - for the Menter Moch project.

0:15:37 > 0:15:40- It's funded by the Welsh Government.

0:15:40 > 0:15:42- We're trying to develop - the pig sector.

0:15:43 > 0:15:47- We're trying to make it more - profitable, efficient and robust.

0:15:47 > 0:15:52- Four young farmers - were chosen over the summer...

0:15:52 > 0:15:56- ..and the project - has given them five pigs each.

0:15:58 > 0:16:01- It will kick-start them - into the sector...

0:16:01 > 0:16:04- ..and give them the opportunity - to start a new enterprise.

0:16:05 > 0:16:09- We'll train them to ensure - they know what they're doing...

0:16:09 > 0:16:12- ..and make sure they're happy - to rear the pigs.

0:16:13 > 0:16:16- We're looking forward - to the Winter Fair.

0:16:16 > 0:16:21- Our final competition of the year - is the carcass competition.

0:16:21 > 0:16:25- Each one of the four - will have an opportunity...

0:16:25 > 0:16:29- ..to enter a carcass - in that competition.

0:16:30 > 0:16:34- Menter Moch Cymru works - with Welsh young farmers' clubs...

0:16:34 > 0:16:39- ..to offer practical experience - of rearing pigs to their members...

0:16:39 > 0:16:43- ..to help build a profitable - and sustainable enterprise.

0:16:44 > 0:16:49- Naomi Nicholas from Pont Hywel, - Efailwen, is part of the scheme.

0:16:49 > 0:16:54- All of a sudden, - they're all interested, Naomi.

0:16:54 > 0:16:57- Indeed they are. - That's all they need.

0:16:57 > 0:17:00- Tell me more about the background.

0:17:00 > 0:17:03- How did you become interested - in keeping pigs?

0:17:03 > 0:17:07- I started farming Tamworths - about two or three years ago.

0:17:09 > 0:17:12- I enjoyed the experience, - we had some lovely meat.

0:17:13 > 0:17:15- I read on Facebook - about this enterprise...

0:17:16 > 0:17:20- ..between the YFC - and Menter Cig Moch Cymru.

0:17:20 > 0:17:22- I went for it.

0:17:22 > 0:17:25- These are a special breed of pigs.

0:17:25 > 0:17:29- You've worked hard - researching and choosing the pigs.

0:17:29 > 0:17:33- We went up to Harper Adams College.

0:17:33 > 0:17:39- We visited the department and - saw some wonderful hybrid pigs...

0:17:39 > 0:17:46- ..but I knew I wanted a hardier pig - for clearing this patch of land.

0:17:46 > 0:17:48- I'd say that they've done - a good job of it.

0:17:49 > 0:17:53- There are 15 acres of heathland...

0:17:54 > 0:17:57- ..and that adds - to their experience of life.

0:17:57 > 0:18:01- We can tell - that they have a great life here.

0:18:01 > 0:18:03- I hope that shows in the meat.

0:18:03 > 0:18:05- What is this breed?

0:18:05 > 0:18:10- How difficult is it to rear this - breed, if it's a rare, native breed?

0:18:10 > 0:18:12- Large black. They were my choice.

0:18:13 > 0:18:17- We had to go up to Newport - to buy them.

0:18:22 > 0:18:25- Will this be - a profitable enterprise?

0:18:26 > 0:18:29- We were hoping to keep - a traditional breed...

0:18:30 > 0:18:35- ..because there was a potential - to sell the meat for more.

0:18:36 > 0:18:38- We can charge 8/kilo.

0:18:38 > 0:18:44- When you think about half a pig, - there's profit in that.

0:18:44 > 0:18:47- They live out in the open air.

0:18:47 > 0:18:51- We don't incur any costs. - The pigsty has already been built.

0:18:51 > 0:18:54- The fence has been built, - everything we need is here.

0:18:55 > 0:18:59- In terms of support, - what has Menter Moch offered you?

0:18:59 > 0:19:05- Initially, they checked - that I had suitable resources.

0:19:06 > 0:19:09- They taught us about bio-security.

0:19:09 > 0:19:13- Marketing is also a consideration.

0:19:13 > 0:19:18- A group of London-based chefs - will visit the farm this month...

0:19:18 > 0:19:20- ..before the pigs are taken away.

0:19:21 > 0:19:24- That will bolster the link - between people like me...

0:19:25 > 0:19:28- ..people producing bacon - on a small scale...

0:19:29 > 0:19:32- ..and linking us - to restaurants in London.

0:19:32 > 0:19:34- That will be interesting.

0:19:36 > 0:19:38- Cennydd Jones is a dairy farmer...

0:19:38 > 0:19:43- ..but he also sees the potential - in rearing Welsh pigs...

0:19:43 > 0:19:48- ..side by side with his Friesian - herd on Rhydowen Farm, Pontsian.

0:19:49 > 0:19:53- In my original application, - I wanted to keep Welsh pigs...

0:19:53 > 0:19:57- ..and I'd then market them - as high quality Welsh produce.

0:19:57 > 0:20:02- I didn't expect the Welsh pigs to - perform as well as they have done.

0:20:02 > 0:20:05- They've performed like hybrid pigs.

0:20:05 > 0:20:08- I've been measuring - their daily averages.

0:20:08 > 0:20:13- At best, - they grow about 1.1kgs a day.

0:20:13 > 0:20:16- I've had to cut back the level - of protein in the food...

0:20:16 > 0:20:19- ..to ensure I have a carcass - for the Winter Fair.

0:20:20 > 0:20:22- It's been a pleasant surprise.

0:20:22 > 0:20:25- The Welsh pigs can compete - with the best.

0:20:25 > 0:20:28- What about the future? - You've had a taste.

0:20:28 > 0:20:33- Would you be confident in developing - this business on the farm?

0:20:34 > 0:20:36- It's a great option to have - on Welsh farms.

0:20:37 > 0:20:42- I've been selling the meat - straight to the customer.

0:20:43 > 0:20:46- I've sold it as a luxurious product.

0:20:46 > 0:20:50- I'd like to keep another ten - when spring comes around...

0:20:51 > 0:20:53- ..and I want to find a market - for them.

0:20:54 > 0:20:56- I'll keep selling them on locally.

0:20:58 > 0:21:01- Cennydd only has two pigs - at the moment.

0:21:01 > 0:21:03- The others have been fattened.

0:21:03 > 0:21:07- He shows great pride - in cooking his own product.

0:21:10 > 0:21:13- Well, Cennydd, the end product.

0:21:13 > 0:21:17- It makes it all worth it - when you can cook something...

0:21:17 > 0:21:19- ..you've reared on the farm.

0:21:19 > 0:21:23- You can come back to the kitchen - and cook it.

0:21:23 > 0:21:28- Do you remember the first time you - did this? Did it feel different?

0:21:28 > 0:21:31- Was there a different taste - to what you were used to?

0:21:31 > 0:21:35- Yes. We used to buy our bacon - from supermarkets.

0:21:36 > 0:21:41- It was bacon with less fat. - Fat is important to add flavour.

0:21:41 > 0:21:47- The fat also makes it easier - for bacon to absorb more salt.

0:21:48 > 0:21:51- It makes such a difference - in terms of taste.

0:21:51 > 0:21:56- We could sell the story behind the - meat, especially with Welsh pork.

0:21:56 > 0:21:59- Welsh lamb has done a great job...

0:21:59 > 0:22:02- ..selling the story - behind the product.

0:22:02 > 0:22:04- That appeals to the customer.

0:22:05 > 0:22:08- We can go out and tell people - the story behind this.

0:22:09 > 0:22:11- That's what I do with my bacon.

0:22:11 > 0:22:16- It does work. I've not had - any problems marketing it.

0:22:16 > 0:22:19- I haven't made a big fuss, - there's no Facebook page.

0:22:20 > 0:22:23- All I did - was update my status on Facebook...

0:22:23 > 0:22:27- ..and within half an hour, - I'd sold all my bacon.

0:22:27 > 0:22:29- Can I taste some?

0:22:29 > 0:22:32- Can I taste some?- - Tuck in, it smells lovely.

0:22:37 > 0:22:40- It's special. - None of this will go to waste.

0:22:41 > 0:22:42- Good. I'm glad to hear that.

0:22:43 > 0:22:45- Thank you.

0:22:46 > 0:22:49- It's good to see - the younger generation...

0:22:49 > 0:22:52- ..seeing value in the old order - of keeping pigs.

0:22:53 > 0:22:57- Until next week, cheerio. - Thanks for joining us.

0:23:13 > 0:23:15- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.

0:23:15 > 0:23:15- .