Pennod 16

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0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *

0:00:01 > 0:00:03- A warm welcome to Garddio A Mwy.

0:00:03 > 0:00:06- I'm at the Erddig Apple Festival.

0:00:06 > 0:00:11- I hope to turn some of our orchard - apples into a marvellous juice.

0:00:12 > 0:00:15- In Pont Y Twr, - Sioned creates a new border.

0:00:16 > 0:00:20- Meinir comes face to face - with a pine marten in Ceredigion.

0:00:20 > 0:00:24- Naturalist Bethan Wyn Jones - forages in hedgerows.

0:00:24 > 0:00:26- Welcome to Garddio A Mwy.

0:00:38 > 0:00:42- It's sad to see - the sweet peas coming to an end.

0:00:43 > 0:00:47- But they've given me stock - all summer and looked gorgeous.

0:00:48 > 0:00:52- If I want the same - fine flowers next year...

0:00:52 > 0:00:56- ..believe it or not, - now is the time to prepare.

0:01:02 > 0:01:04- I'm going to sow seeds.

0:01:05 > 0:01:08- I have packs of seeds.

0:01:10 > 0:01:13- I've put compost in pots.

0:01:16 > 0:01:18- I'll put five seeds in each one.

0:01:20 > 0:01:22- They're fairly big pots.

0:01:23 > 0:01:26- Sweet pea roots - don't like being disturbed.

0:01:28 > 0:01:31- They'll be happier - in a long pot like this.

0:01:32 > 0:01:36- The seeds are very small, - but I'll put five in each pot.

0:01:39 > 0:01:43- One goes in each corner - and one in the middle.

0:01:44 > 0:01:48- I'll cover them - with a layer of compost.

0:01:51 > 0:01:54- That's about half an inch thick.

0:01:56 > 0:01:58- I'll press it down.

0:01:59 > 0:02:03- I've collected a few seed pods - from my garden plants.

0:02:05 > 0:02:07- I'll open the pod.

0:02:09 > 0:02:12- I'll take these out - and plant them too.

0:02:13 > 0:02:17- I'll have a combination - of what I already have...

0:02:17 > 0:02:19- ..and new ones too.

0:02:20 > 0:02:25- This is a bit of an experiment, - to see if they'll grow.

0:02:26 > 0:02:29- I'll cover these - with compost in the same way.

0:02:38 > 0:02:42- You could sow sweet peas - out in the garden in spring.

0:02:42 > 0:02:47- But if you do this now, - your crop will have a head start.

0:02:47 > 0:02:49- These will bloom in June.

0:02:49 > 0:02:52- The garden plants will bloom later.

0:02:52 > 0:02:55- It will extend the growing season.

0:02:55 > 0:02:57- This only takes two minutes.

0:02:58 > 0:03:03- Next summer, you'll be very glad - you took time to sow sweet peas.

0:03:04 > 0:03:09- The pleasure and scent - they provide in summer is superb.

0:03:13 > 0:03:17- There's nothing better - than a walk in autumn...

0:03:17 > 0:03:19- ..even in the rain.

0:03:19 > 0:03:21- Flowers are still blooming.

0:03:21 > 0:03:25- There are still fruits - in the hedgerows too.

0:03:27 > 0:03:29- They're great to eat.

0:03:31 > 0:03:34- These autumn fruits - are ripening nicely.

0:03:34 > 0:03:36- They're rose hips.

0:03:39 > 0:03:43- They've been used medicinally - and contain a lot of Vitamin C.

0:03:43 > 0:03:48- Tea can be made with them - to treat sore throats and coughs.

0:03:48 > 0:03:51- Naughty boys found - an use for them too.

0:03:56 > 0:03:59- They would open the hips.

0:04:01 > 0:04:04- They're full of seeds.

0:04:05 > 0:04:08- Each one has a very sharp edge.

0:04:10 > 0:04:13- If stuffed down a shirt back...

0:04:14 > 0:04:15- ..they're very itchy.

0:04:16 > 0:04:19- They're better - than any itching powder.

0:04:23 > 0:04:27- We tend to be - rather dismissive of nettles.

0:04:27 > 0:04:31- But they've been used - as medicinal plants...

0:04:31 > 0:04:34- ..more than almost any other plant.

0:04:35 > 0:04:37- The Romans used them.

0:04:37 > 0:04:42- They cut a long piece - and whipped the skin with them...

0:04:43 > 0:04:45- ..to get rid of rheumatism.

0:04:45 > 0:04:47- It worked, apparently.

0:04:48 > 0:04:50- I'm not quite sure how.

0:04:50 > 0:04:54- Maybe whipping the skin - with nettles was so painful...

0:04:54 > 0:04:57- ..they didn't feel the rheumatism.

0:04:58 > 0:05:02- Nettles have been used to treat - many ailments and conditions...

0:05:03 > 0:05:07- ..like headaches, - goitre and dandruff.

0:05:08 > 0:05:11- Women also use it - to make hair shiny.

0:05:12 > 0:05:16- I must admit, - the most remarkable use...

0:05:16 > 0:05:19- ..was by men putting - it in their socks...

0:05:19 > 0:05:21- ..as a method of contraception.

0:05:22 > 0:05:25- I've yet to meet anyone - who has tried this.

0:05:25 > 0:05:28- But I'd like to hear if anyone has.

0:05:36 > 0:05:41- The greater celandine - also has medicinal properties.

0:05:42 > 0:05:48- In Welsh, it's "melynllys", - the yellow plant.

0:05:48 > 0:05:52- It's also called "llysiau'r wennol", - the swallow's plant...

0:05:53 > 0:05:57- ..because it usually blooms - when swallows return in mid-April.

0:05:58 > 0:06:01- It has been used to treat warts.

0:06:05 > 0:06:07- I'll cut a stem.

0:06:09 > 0:06:12- An orange coloured juice flows out.

0:06:14 > 0:06:17- This was put on the wart.

0:06:18 > 0:06:20- Gradually, it would fall off.

0:06:22 > 0:06:27- Another name, "llym y llygaid", - sharp eye, is used in Glamorgan.

0:06:28 > 0:06:30- I didn't understand why...

0:06:31 > 0:06:34- ..until I learnt it could be used...

0:06:34 > 0:06:36- ..to clear cataracts.

0:06:37 > 0:06:41- When a cataract grows on the eye, - sight is reduced.

0:06:41 > 0:06:44- By using this, sight improved...

0:06:45 > 0:06:48- ..and became sharper once more.

0:06:50 > 0:06:55- So "llym y llygad", sharp eye, - is an excellent name.

0:07:03 > 0:07:07- When you go for a walk - in the countryside...

0:07:07 > 0:07:10- ..you never know what you'll see.

0:07:10 > 0:07:14- I've been lucky enough - to see a wasps' nest.

0:07:14 > 0:07:17- They're very busy - and very sensible too.

0:07:17 > 0:07:19- Across the road...

0:07:20 > 0:07:22- ..there's a flowering ivy.

0:07:23 > 0:07:27- There's plenty of nectar - and pollen for them.

0:07:30 > 0:07:32- They say that when ivy blooms...

0:07:32 > 0:07:37- ..it's the first sign - that autumn has arrived.

0:07:44 > 0:07:46- It's 4.30am.

0:07:46 > 0:07:52- I'm in Cwm Rheidol, expecting a crew - from the Vincent Wildlife Trust.

0:07:52 > 0:07:56- They have driven - all the way from Scotland...

0:07:56 > 0:07:58- ..with a rather special cargo.

0:07:58 > 0:08:04- They're wild animals, pine martens, - and very rare in Wales.

0:08:05 > 0:08:09- They were caught in Scotland - where their numbers are high.

0:08:10 > 0:08:14- Jen McPherson has driven all night - to bring them one by one...

0:08:14 > 0:08:17- ..to these release cages - in Cwm Rheidol.

0:08:17 > 0:08:20- They're carefully put in the cage.

0:08:20 > 0:08:24- It will be opened in a few days.

0:08:24 > 0:08:28- While they get used - to their new home in Wales...

0:08:28 > 0:08:32- ..the Trust will leave food - and drink in the cage for a time.

0:08:32 > 0:08:38- I asked Jen why pine martens - were such an important species.

0:08:39 > 0:08:42- They're one - of our native carnivores.

0:08:42 > 0:08:46- So they're part of our native - biodiversity. They should be here.

0:08:47 > 0:08:51- We think numbers got so low as - a result of woodland clearances...

0:08:51 > 0:08:56- ..and predator control, - which used to take place a lot more.

0:08:56 > 0:08:59- But now, there's been - a lot of woodland planting.

0:09:00 > 0:09:04- The habitat has greatly - improved for pine martens.

0:09:04 > 0:09:07- We think they've got - a good chance now.

0:09:14 > 0:09:17- A few hours later, after dawn...

0:09:17 > 0:09:21- ..I met Josie Bridges, - who works for the Trust...

0:09:21 > 0:09:23- ..and volunteer Rhys Gwynn.

0:09:24 > 0:09:29- We're looking for a pine marten that - has been released in the forest.

0:09:30 > 0:09:32- When was this animal released?

0:09:33 > 0:09:35- It's one of last year's animals.

0:09:36 > 0:09:38- It came from Inverness, Scotland.

0:09:40 > 0:09:42- Twenty came here last year.

0:09:43 > 0:09:46- Twenty more will arrive this year.

0:09:47 > 0:09:51- The process is almost over, - with 16 already here.

0:09:53 > 0:09:57- To see how the pine martens - cope in their new homes...

0:09:57 > 0:10:00- ..the Trust puts - a radio collar on them.

0:10:00 > 0:10:04- This device searches for - and recognizes...

0:10:04 > 0:10:06- ..the collar's radio signal.

0:10:06 > 0:10:08- Each collar is unique...

0:10:08 > 0:10:11- ..so we know which - pine marten we hear.

0:10:12 > 0:10:13- We'll probably hear one.

0:10:14 > 0:10:14- SOUND ON DEVICE

0:10:14 > 0:10:15- SOUND ON DEVICE- - Hey!

0:10:15 > 0:10:17- Bingo!

0:10:17 > 0:10:19- That's Number 21.

0:10:20 > 0:10:21- So this is Number 21.

0:10:21 > 0:10:24- To have a better idea - exactly where it is...

0:10:25 > 0:10:27- ..the big aerial - comes out of the van.

0:10:28 > 0:10:32- In this way, the pine martens' - location can be monitored.

0:10:32 > 0:10:37- They check there's enough food in - the area, if there are offspring...

0:10:37 > 0:10:41- ..and how the pine martens - cope in their new forest.

0:10:42 > 0:10:43- SOUND ON DEVICE

0:10:43 > 0:10:44- SOUND ON DEVICE- - There it is!

0:10:44 > 0:10:46- So it's here somewhere.

0:10:46 > 0:10:49- It's sheltering from the rain.

0:10:49 > 0:10:52- It could be watching us - from the trees.

0:10:53 > 0:10:57- They are in danger, for example - from foxes and birds of prey...

0:10:58 > 0:11:00- ..and in the past, - from big estates...

0:11:01 > 0:11:05- ..that wanted to protect - birds reared for shooting.

0:11:07 > 0:11:11- Twenty were moved here last year - and twenty more this year.

0:11:11 > 0:11:13- Has it been successful?

0:11:13 > 0:11:16- Very. Most have survived.

0:11:16 > 0:11:20- It's a good sign, demonstrating - that the habitat is ideal.

0:11:21 > 0:11:22- What kind of habitat do they need?

0:11:22 > 0:11:23- What kind of habitat do they need?- - It's quite varied.

0:11:23 > 0:11:29- The name pine marten - shows they like trees especially.

0:11:30 > 0:11:34- They have long, strong claws - that hook on trees.

0:11:35 > 0:11:37- Climbing a tree is no problem.

0:11:38 > 0:11:40- They'll eat anything.

0:11:40 > 0:11:44- This time of year, - they eat blackberries.

0:11:44 > 0:11:47- But they eat a variety - of things, including mice.

0:11:47 > 0:11:51- They can adapt to different - habitats quite easily.

0:11:51 > 0:11:55- There's been a lot of talk - about this project.

0:11:55 > 0:11:59- If the pine marten - lives in a habitat...

0:11:59 > 0:12:03- ..the number of grey - squirrels might be reduced.

0:12:03 > 0:12:06- Do they hunt and eat grey squirrels?

0:12:06 > 0:12:10- There's clear - photographic evidence...

0:12:10 > 0:12:14- ..that the pine marten - eats grey squirrels.

0:12:14 > 0:12:16- That might be a good thing.

0:12:16 > 0:12:21- The grey squirrel causes quite - a lot of damage to forestry...

0:12:21 > 0:12:25- ..and affects bird - populations by eating eggs.

0:12:25 > 0:12:29- It will be interesting to see - what this relationship will be.

0:12:30 > 0:12:32- They are fast.

0:12:32 > 0:12:37- They belong to the badger, otter, - weasel, stoat and polecat family.

0:12:39 > 0:12:42- They make their home - in a variety of places.

0:12:42 > 0:12:47- They take over a squirrel's nest - and have their young there.

0:12:48 > 0:12:51- They make homes in rocks - or holes in trees.

0:12:52 > 0:12:56- There aren't many old trees - with holes in them any more.

0:12:56 > 0:13:01- This project - provides boxes for pine martens.

0:13:01 > 0:13:04- Have they had any young?

0:13:04 > 0:13:07- Yes, three have. - They mate in summer.

0:13:07 > 0:13:13- The eggs aren't implanted in the - uterus until the following January.

0:13:13 > 0:13:18- The young are born in spring when - there is plenty of food for them.

0:13:19 > 0:13:21- It looks good for the pine marten.

0:13:21 > 0:13:24- It looks good for the pine marten.- - I think so, if it's left in peace.

0:13:24 > 0:13:29- An important and successful - part of the project...

0:13:29 > 0:13:31- ..is contacting people...

0:13:31 > 0:13:36- ..who have a vested interest - in the projects' aims.

0:13:36 > 0:13:40- That has provided - a firm foundation for success.

0:13:41 > 0:13:46- With luck, the pine marten - population will increase and thrive.

0:13:46 > 0:13:46- .

0:13:51 > 0:13:51- Subtitles

0:13:51 > 0:13:53- Subtitles- - Subtitles

0:13:55 > 0:13:58- Pont Y Twr's orchard is very young.

0:13:58 > 0:14:02- Our twenty apple trees - are three or four years old.

0:14:02 > 0:14:07- For the first time this year, we've - had a crop worth talking about.

0:14:09 > 0:14:12- I have a variety of apples here.

0:14:12 > 0:14:15- People in the know say...

0:14:15 > 0:14:19- ..a mixture of apples - produces the best juice.

0:14:20 > 0:14:21- Is this true?

0:14:22 > 0:14:24- We'll find out in Erddig.

0:14:26 > 0:14:31- Erddig Hall was built - in the late 17th century...

0:14:31 > 0:14:35- ..for Denbighshire High Sheriff, - Josiah Edisbury.

0:14:35 > 0:14:41- This is one of the National - Trust's most impressive properties.

0:14:42 > 0:14:47- But we're not interested - in the hall, but the garden.

0:14:48 > 0:14:53- It's the 26th Erddig Apple Festival - this year.

0:14:56 > 0:15:00- There's a good reason why - the festival takes place here.

0:15:01 > 0:15:05- Apart from the parkland - in front of the house...

0:15:05 > 0:15:08- ..there's also a 13-acre - walled garden.

0:15:08 > 0:15:14- Some of the hundreds - of apple trees are very old.

0:15:14 > 0:15:19- Erddig Hall has one of nation's - most significant historical gardens.

0:15:21 > 0:15:26- Selwyn Jones has been a volunteer - for many years.

0:15:26 > 0:15:30- How old are the trees?

0:15:30 > 0:15:34- These were planted 15 years ago.

0:15:35 > 0:15:38- There must be a lot of work - to maintain them.

0:15:39 > 0:15:43- We prune a little in summer.

0:15:43 > 0:15:46- We prune right back in winter.

0:15:47 > 0:15:50- We have to do it twice a year...

0:15:50 > 0:15:53- ..so they bear fruit.

0:15:53 > 0:15:58- There are 180 different - apple trees here.

0:15:58 > 0:16:03- Yes. There are more than - 150 in the exhibition itself.

0:16:07 > 0:16:11- This incredible variety...

0:16:11 > 0:16:15- ..acknowledges gardeners' - creativity, past and present.

0:16:16 > 0:16:19- Here's a fine selection of apples.

0:16:20 > 0:16:25- The espalier tree is interesting.

0:16:25 > 0:16:28- Yes, and unique.

0:16:28 > 0:16:32- This is the Happy Rose apple.

0:16:33 > 0:16:38- These apple trees grew here...

0:16:39 > 0:16:41- ..in Roman times.

0:16:42 > 0:16:47- Romans developed - the different types of apples.

0:16:47 > 0:16:48- That's right.

0:16:49 > 0:16:52- Before the Romans brought apples...

0:16:52 > 0:16:57- ..only crab apples grew here.

0:16:57 > 0:17:00- We didn't have a variety.

0:17:01 > 0:17:05- The biggest - is an interesting shape.

0:17:06 > 0:17:10- This is a Cat's Head apple.

0:17:10 > 0:17:14- Some of the apples - are named after animals.

0:17:14 > 0:17:17- This is a Pig's Nose apple.

0:17:19 > 0:17:21- I've heard about this.

0:17:23 > 0:17:28- I recognize this small one.

0:17:28 > 0:17:29- It has russet coloured skin.

0:17:29 > 0:17:31- It has russet coloured skin.- - It's an Ashmead's Kernel.

0:17:32 > 0:17:36- It's Glyn's favourite apple. - He's the head gardener.

0:17:36 > 0:17:39- We'll sell a lot of them - over the weekend.

0:17:39 > 0:17:41- During the festival?

0:17:41 > 0:17:42- During the festival?- - Yes.

0:17:42 > 0:17:45- I've brought along different apples.

0:17:46 > 0:17:48- I have no idea what they are.

0:17:49 > 0:17:51- I think one of them is unique.

0:17:52 > 0:17:54- Could Glyn identify it?

0:17:54 > 0:17:58- He's the expert.

0:17:58 > 0:18:00- Perfect! Thanks, Selwyn.

0:18:09 > 0:18:12- It's a little bit soft. - I wouldn't say it was a Cox.

0:18:13 > 0:18:17- You can feel that vinous flavour - in the background coming through.

0:18:17 > 0:18:21- There's a little bit of russeting - around the top.

0:18:21 > 0:18:25- There's quite a lot of Welsh - varieties around.

0:18:25 > 0:18:27- I'm not over-familiar with them.

0:18:27 > 0:18:32- This would resemble perhaps - a variety called Suntan...

0:18:32 > 0:18:35- ..which is the seedling of Cox.

0:18:35 > 0:18:40- Suntan is very appropriate - for a sunny day in Erddig.

0:18:40 > 0:18:45- One thing I want to do here - is apple pressing.

0:18:46 > 0:18:48- I know just the man.

0:18:50 > 0:18:53- Pleased to meet you, Alan.

0:18:54 > 0:18:58- Alan Barret runs an apple pressing - company in Cumbria.

0:18:58 > 0:19:01- He brought his own equipment.

0:19:19 > 0:19:21- Thanks, Alan. Cheers.

0:19:23 > 0:19:25- Oh, wonderful.

0:19:25 > 0:19:27- There's nothing like it.

0:19:28 > 0:19:30- I'll be happy here all day.

0:19:33 > 0:19:34- Mmm.

0:19:41 > 0:19:46- Have you recently moved and want - to put your stamp on the garden?

0:19:46 > 0:19:50- Or do you want to transform - an area in your garden?

0:19:51 > 0:19:55- People think summer - is the time to be out gardening.

0:19:55 > 0:19:59- Now is ideal - for planting new plants...

0:19:59 > 0:20:02- ..so they take root before winter.

0:20:04 > 0:20:07- Our next project is a new border.

0:20:08 > 0:20:12- This is seven metres long - and four metres across.

0:20:13 > 0:20:16- I've put a water pipe around it.

0:20:16 > 0:20:19- There's a reason for this.

0:20:20 > 0:20:25- It's a good way of outlining the - border before you start to cutting.

0:20:26 > 0:20:31- I'd recommend this tool - when it's time to cut.

0:20:31 > 0:20:34- It's a half-moon lawn edger.

0:20:34 > 0:20:38- It's easier to use than a spade.

0:20:41 > 0:20:43- This might be an obvious point.

0:20:44 > 0:20:49- But it's vital to identify - what sort of soil you have.

0:20:49 > 0:20:53- This is very light soil.

0:20:53 > 0:20:58- It's also quite sandy.

0:20:58 > 0:21:04- You can buy pH soil tester kits - in your local garden centre.

0:21:04 > 0:21:07- It's worth doing - so you know what you have.

0:21:09 > 0:21:12- It's important to prepare the soil.

0:21:13 > 0:21:16- I turned and weeded it...

0:21:16 > 0:21:18- ..at least four times.

0:21:18 > 0:21:21- I also added manure.

0:21:21 > 0:21:24- I let it settle for four weeks.

0:21:24 > 0:21:29- It's important to know - where the sun is during the day.

0:21:29 > 0:21:32- I know it rises over there...

0:21:32 > 0:21:36- ..and goes down that side - by mid-afternoon.

0:21:36 > 0:21:38- It's quite open.

0:21:38 > 0:21:44- Perhaps walls or trees - throw shadows on your new border.

0:21:45 > 0:21:49- Make sure you buy the right plants.

0:21:49 > 0:21:52- There is a huge variety of plants...

0:21:53 > 0:21:56- ..for shaded or sunny areas.

0:21:57 > 0:22:00- Make sure you buy the right plants.

0:22:01 > 0:22:07- I'll start by planting - these lovely trees.

0:22:07 > 0:22:10- They are Jacquemontii silver birch.

0:22:11 > 0:22:16- I chose them because they provide - interest all year round.

0:22:16 > 0:22:21- The bright green leaves - turn yellow in the autumn.

0:22:21 > 0:22:25- They lose their leaves - to reveal lovely branches.

0:22:26 > 0:22:31- The trunks are interesting. They - are bright white all year round.

0:22:32 > 0:22:36- People wash them - so they look even brighter.

0:22:37 > 0:22:42- I bought a cluster of three because - they're more effective like this.

0:22:42 > 0:22:46- They look like three striking - statues.

0:22:53 > 0:22:57- Last but not least - are these two stumps.

0:22:58 > 0:23:03- I'm not the only person who has - sat here. Aren't they wonderful?

0:23:03 > 0:23:06- The texture and colour are lovely.

0:23:06 > 0:23:11- They'll create a structure...

0:23:12 > 0:23:14- ..for the new border.

0:23:14 > 0:23:17- They look like statues, too.

0:23:17 > 0:23:21- They'll provide height - before the plants establish.

0:23:22 > 0:23:26- Next week, - I'll be planting in my new border.

0:23:27 > 0:23:30- Until then, enjoy the gardening.

0:23:45 > 0:23:47- S4C Subtitles by Gwead

0:23:47 > 0:23:48- .