0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *
0:00:01 > 0:00:06- Don't worry, Garddio A Mwy hasn't - turned into a sports programme.
0:00:06 > 0:00:10- I'm in a rather special - golf club in North Wales...
0:00:10 > 0:00:13- ..which has won - an environmental award.
0:00:14 > 0:00:17- Iwan is planting broad beans, - ready for next year.
0:00:18 > 0:00:21- Sioned creates - a seasonal arrangement.
0:00:21 > 0:00:26- And naturalist Twm Elias shows - how plants prepare for winter.
0:00:28 > 0:00:30- All this on Garddio A Mwy.
0:00:45 > 0:00:49- Most of the garden's flowers - are at the end of their season.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52- Many vivid colours have gone.
0:00:52 > 0:00:57- But that doesn't mean you can't - create a striking table arrangement.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03- I'm looking for interesting leaves.
0:01:03 > 0:01:06- There are plenty this time of year.
0:01:06 > 0:01:08- I'm also looking for nice texture.
0:01:09 > 0:01:12- This is a Tom Thumb pittosporum.
0:01:14 > 0:01:15- It's an amazing colour.
0:01:16 > 0:01:17- I'll cut a bit.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21- I don't need a lot. - It's for a small arrangement.
0:01:21 > 0:01:24- This heuchera is very interesting.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29- The back of the leaves are pink.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33- I think that's enough.
0:01:40 > 0:01:45- You might have an old wreath - since last Christmas...
0:01:46 > 0:01:49- ..and want to reuse it - in a different way.
0:01:49 > 0:01:52- I'll put it round a container...
0:01:52 > 0:01:56- ..which has an oasis or sponge - with water in it.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- This candle will go in the middle.
0:02:00 > 0:02:04- I'm pushing wires - into the bottom of the candle.
0:02:06 > 0:02:08- Four should be enough.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12- I'll push it right in, - so it's securely in place.
0:02:13 > 0:02:15- I'll start with the leaves.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19- Put them in water - before you start...
0:02:19 > 0:02:23- ..so they absorb - as much water as possible.
0:02:23 > 0:02:28- I'll start with the heuchera, - so the big leaves go in first.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32- They're a gorgeous colour.
0:02:34 > 0:02:39- Each one is different - and interesting.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43- Next, bergenia leaves.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45- Some of them have started to fade.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49- But the red edges are very pretty.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52- Soon, it'll look like this.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56- I'll put the biggest one here.
0:03:02 > 0:03:07- To add variety, I'll use rosemary.
0:03:07 > 0:03:12- It's nice to add herbs - to a table arrangement.
0:03:12 > 0:03:14- The smell will be great.
0:03:15 > 0:03:19- I'll cut them in half. - They're quite long.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24- The contrast between the heuchera, - bergenia and rosemary...
0:03:25 > 0:03:27- ..creates interest.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30- I'll turn it - and finish the other side.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34- I'll use Rubus this time.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40- I like using Rubus leaves - because they're always shiny.
0:03:41 > 0:03:43- You don't need - to do anything with them.
0:03:44 > 0:03:45- Now, the pittosporum.
0:03:46 > 0:03:48- It's a superb colour.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52- There are so many leaves - around this time of year...
0:03:52 > 0:03:54- ..providing marvellous colour.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56- Now, I'll add the flowers.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01- I have a lovely David Austin rose.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04- They're fading now, of course.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08- I'll use them before they die.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11- They're a fantastic colour.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17- I'm using heather too, - which we have in our gardens now.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19- I'll keep the stems long.
0:04:20 > 0:04:24- I can wind them through the twigs - so they stay in place.
0:04:28 > 0:04:31- Finally, I'll put this on top.
0:04:32 > 0:04:37- You see a lot of this colour - in home decorating magazines.
0:04:39 > 0:04:43- That's an autumnal flower - arrangement for a table.
0:04:43 > 0:04:48- I think it looks just as good - as a colourful midsummer one!
0:04:51 > 0:04:53- I love autumn...
0:04:54 > 0:04:59- ..because of the colour, atmosphere - and the big changes in nature.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02- Everything draws in...
0:05:03 > 0:05:06- ..to avoid the approaching - cold of winter.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09- Frost is a danger.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14- Everything in nature - tries to avoid that threat.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18- Birds will flee - to southern climes...
0:05:18 > 0:05:22- ..to places like Africa - for better weather.
0:05:23 > 0:05:28- Animals look for a hole or retreat - where they can sleep.
0:05:29 > 0:05:33- Or if you're a fox, - you have a thick fur coat.
0:05:34 > 0:05:40- All animals have a special den - where they hide to survive winter.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44- But if you're a plant...
0:05:44 > 0:05:46- ..you can't move.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48- That's a different matter.
0:05:55 > 0:05:59- This is Coed Cymerau Isaf, - Ffestiniog...
0:05:59 > 0:06:01- ..a Woodland Trust site.
0:06:01 > 0:06:04- There's always something to see.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07- But autumn is one - of the best times.
0:06:10 > 0:06:15- If you're a tree, - it's important to avoid frost.
0:06:15 > 0:06:20- That's the killer - in the dark days of winter.
0:06:20 > 0:06:25- The tree takes any useful - resources from leaves...
0:06:25 > 0:06:28- ..to store as sugar in winter...
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- ..and puts things - it doesn't need in them.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34- Then, they're dropped.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36- The leaves are left bare.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40- Then the buds on the tree...
0:06:40 > 0:06:45- ..more or less sleep through - the dangerous winter, until spring.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48- By doing so, they avoid danger.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- The small, growing cells - are the ones at risk.
0:06:53 > 0:06:58- By not growing and sleeping, - they avoid the dangers of frost.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15- Another way of avoiding - the threat of frost...
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- ..if you don't drop leaves, - you keep them...
0:07:18 > 0:07:21- ..but you make sure - you don't freeze.
0:07:21 > 0:07:26- Pines, and conifers in general, - have a good way of coping.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30- They keep their leaves, - but create "antifreeze".
0:07:30 > 0:07:34- The sugar in the sap - is turned gradually...
0:07:35 > 0:07:39- ..into something - more sticky and chemical.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43- It creates a kind of turpentine...
0:07:43 > 0:07:44- ..resin.
0:07:45 > 0:07:47- Pines can keep their leaves...
0:07:47 > 0:07:51- ..and survive at high altitudes - like the Alps...
0:07:52 > 0:07:54- ..in the far north and the Arctic.
0:07:54 > 0:07:58- They can withstand minus twenty - without any problem.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02- But one thing affects pines.
0:08:04 > 0:08:06- If the ground freezes in winter...
0:08:07 > 0:08:09- ..they can't absorb water.
0:08:09 > 0:08:13- That's why the leaves - are rather waxy.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- They have adapted, - so they don't lose water.
0:08:25 > 0:08:30- Some of the best things about autumn - are mushrooms and toadstools.
0:08:30 > 0:08:33- There are about - a thousand varieties.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36- Most appear in autumn.
0:08:36 > 0:08:40- This is called - the brown birch bolete.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44- It grows under birch trees.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48- Most fungi appear this time of year.
0:08:50 > 0:08:55- It expels its spores - in the middle of the dead leaves.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59- Over winter, - they work on the leaves...
0:08:59 > 0:09:02- ..to rot and compost them.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07- This releases nutrients - back into the soil.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11- They'll be there until spring.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14- In spring, - the nutrients are ready...
0:09:15 > 0:09:19- ..for the huge - explosion of flowers...
0:09:20 > 0:09:22- ..and new leaves on trees.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- The world of nature - revives in spring.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29- That's something - we all look forward to.
0:09:33 > 0:09:37- Here in Pont Y Twr's garden, - the leaves are falling too.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- I don't worry too much - about tidiness.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44- But I do worry about - the vegetable garden's health.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46- This small plant will help.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02- Garlic comes originally - from southern Europe.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04- But it grows well in Wales.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09- It grows so easily, - you might as well plant a lot.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11- There's another good reason.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16- If you plant garlic - at the end of every row...
0:10:16 > 0:10:21- ..the strong smell - helps to hide other plants' smell.
0:10:22 > 0:10:24- It's called companion planting.
0:10:25 > 0:10:30- We plant it to deter insects like - carrot fly from finding carrots.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33- They smell this, not the carrots.
0:10:33 > 0:10:38- You can also make - a fluid with garlic bulbs.
0:10:38 > 0:10:43- It's great to spray on leaves - to deter slugs and snails.
0:10:43 > 0:10:48- Like all garden vegetables, - there are plenty of varieties.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51- I've chosen Marco and Germidour.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55- One is stronger than the other.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59- To plant them, - just break one up like this.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05- In the bulb...
0:11:07 > 0:11:09- ..there are cloves.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14- From only one garlic bulb...
0:11:15 > 0:11:17- ..you'll have plenty of plants.
0:11:20 > 0:11:22- The root is at the bottom.
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- This tail is the top.
0:11:29 > 0:11:33- Leave four inches between cloves.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40- Leave four to six inches - between each row.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44- I'll plant a row of Marco, too.
0:11:44 > 0:11:47- Marco is stronger.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51- It's a whiter colour.
0:11:55 > 0:11:59- I'll plant these in a neat row...
0:11:59 > 0:12:01- ..next to my brassicas.
0:12:04 > 0:12:08- These four canes...
0:12:09 > 0:12:12- ..will remind me - where I planted them.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16- Don't touch them until midsummer.
0:12:16 > 0:12:20- The green stems - turn a straw colour.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25- Garlic is one - of the simplest plant to grow...
0:12:26 > 0:12:29- ..but also - one of the most effective.
0:12:29 > 0:12:33- Don't let them get too dry - or they'll flower.
0:12:34 > 0:12:36- That isn't all bad.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38- Garlic flowers are lovely, too.
0:12:42 > 0:12:43- .
0:12:47 > 0:12:47- Subtitles
0:12:47 > 0:12:49- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:12:51 > 0:12:55- From Scotland to Dubai, - golf is played by millions...
0:12:55 > 0:12:57- ..all over the world.
0:12:58 > 0:13:01- There are more than - 30,000 courses worldwide.
0:13:02 > 0:13:07- They have an important relationship - with the environment.
0:13:07 > 0:13:11- In some cases, - it's a destructive relationship.
0:13:15 > 0:13:21- It isn't natural or eco-friendly - to put a golf course in a desert...
0:13:21 > 0:13:26- ..in temperatures - of over 100 degree Fahrenheit.
0:13:28 > 0:13:33- But in Wales, a golf club's - cutting edge project...
0:13:33 > 0:13:38- ..aims to change the popular opinion - held by non-golfers...
0:13:38 > 0:13:41- ..that golf damages the environment.
0:13:44 > 0:13:49- Sorry to disappoint. I won't - hit the ball. I can't play golf!
0:13:51 > 0:13:55- The Royal St David's Golf Club - in Harlech...
0:13:55 > 0:14:00- ..won the 2015 Environmental - Golf Course Of The Year.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04- Rhys Butler is the course manager.
0:14:05 > 0:14:06- Congratulations.
0:14:06 > 0:14:07- Congratulations.- - Thanks!
0:14:07 > 0:14:10- This isn't about cutting grass.
0:14:10 > 0:14:11- This isn't about cutting grass.- - No, far from it.
0:14:11 > 0:14:13- What sort of work do you do?
0:14:13 > 0:14:15- What sort of work do you do?- - On the dunes...
0:14:16 > 0:14:21- ..we've pruned trees, - willows, shrubs and burnet roses.
0:14:22 > 0:14:24- We want to control the dunes.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28- There are more trees now - than years ago.
0:14:28 > 0:14:32- We want to take it back - to how it should be.
0:14:32 > 0:14:35- It's a links course.
0:14:35 > 0:14:38- What should a links course be like?
0:14:38 > 0:14:41- Golfers like to play by the sea.
0:14:42 > 0:14:45- We want to create a more visually - open sand effect.
0:14:46 > 0:14:49- There aren't great sea views - from here.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53- I feel it's important...
0:14:53 > 0:14:57- ..that golfers experience - a seaside atmosphere.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01- Can you show me examples - of what you've done?
0:15:01 > 0:15:03- We'll go over the fourth.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06- Fourth it is.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22- What has been going on here?
0:15:23 > 0:15:27- We had a lot of burnet roses here.
0:15:27 > 0:15:32- It's provided a great opportunity - to have open sand.
0:15:32 > 0:15:37- There is marram grass on the sides.
0:15:37 > 0:15:42- It's a great habitat for - sand lizards and mining bees.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- There are sand lizards here, - sunbathing.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49- It's south facing.
0:15:49 > 0:15:55- There is no reason why golf - and nature can't live hand in hand.
0:16:01 > 0:16:06- Rhys's team works with Rhodri Dafydd - of Natural Resources Wales...
0:16:06 > 0:16:09- ..to ensure what they're doing - is suitable.
0:16:09 > 0:16:15- Rhodri knows the course and dunes - like the back of his hand.
0:16:15 > 0:16:19- This is a significant area.
0:16:19 > 0:16:22- This is the southerly point - of Morfa Harlech.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25- Morfa Harlech and Morfa Dyffryn...
0:16:25 > 0:16:29- ..have the status - Site Of Special Scientific Interest.
0:16:30 > 0:16:34- They are amongst the best sand dune - systems in Wales if not Europe.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38- There are several unique habitats.
0:16:38 > 0:16:42- There are rare plants - that can't be found anywhere else.
0:16:43 > 0:16:46- They've adapted to harsh conditions.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49- It's salty, sunny and dry here.
0:16:49 > 0:16:55- Our main goal - is protecting these plants.
0:16:55 > 0:16:58- What are the rare plants?
0:16:59 > 0:17:03- On a golf course, - thanks to the greenkeepers' work...
0:17:03 > 0:17:07- ..there are - green winged orchid here.
0:17:07 > 0:17:10- It's one of the rarest plants - in Meirionnydd.
0:17:11 > 0:17:15- There are rare plants - in the dunes themselves.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18- The maiden pink is a lovely plant.
0:17:18 > 0:17:22- It's close to where golfers play.
0:17:22 > 0:17:26- There are shrubs here...
0:17:27 > 0:17:29- ..for instance old man's beard.
0:17:30 > 0:17:35- They produce nutrients - that suffocate the dunes.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39- The natural process - is called ecological succession.
0:17:39 > 0:17:41- As a habitat evolves...
0:17:42 > 0:17:45- ..more and more plants - are introduced...
0:17:45 > 0:17:48- ..including - less specialized plants.
0:17:48 > 0:17:53- Hardly anything grows on the beach.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57- But there are more plants - further back.
0:17:58 > 0:18:02- Each habitat - wants to develop into a forest.
0:18:03 > 0:18:07- There are a lot of - willow and gorse on the course.
0:18:07 > 0:18:11- We want to turn back the clock...
0:18:11 > 0:18:16- ..to the early stages of - plant succession in open sands...
0:18:16 > 0:18:19- ..and have specialized plants.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21- It'll help insects...
0:18:22 > 0:18:24- ..animals, plants...
0:18:25 > 0:18:27- ..and the golfers, too.
0:18:27 > 0:18:30- It's a good working relationship.
0:18:30 > 0:18:32- Yes.
0:18:32 > 0:18:34- The project's goal...
0:18:34 > 0:18:40- ..is to create a Links course - in the dunes.
0:18:40 > 0:18:44- The work improves the area's - wildlife and plants.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48- We hope the relationship - continues for years.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58- There isn't a lot to plant - in autumn.
0:18:59 > 0:19:03- But it is time to prepare - certain crops for next year.
0:19:04 > 0:19:07- When planting in the garden...
0:19:07 > 0:19:11- ..it's vital to return - nutrients to the soil.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14- That's what brings me - to the compost heap.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21- When you empty the compost heap...
0:19:21 > 0:19:25- ..be mindful of small creatures.
0:19:26 > 0:19:30- I've just seen a frog jumping away.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32- Hedgehogs...
0:19:33 > 0:19:35- ..and other amphibians ...
0:19:36 > 0:19:40- ..take shelter in the compost heap - in autumn and winter.
0:19:41 > 0:19:46- The heat it generates is perfect - for hibernating creatures.
0:19:47 > 0:19:50- Why do I need compost today?
0:19:50 > 0:19:52- I'm planting broad beans.
0:19:59 > 0:20:03- I wasn't happy - with this year's broad beans.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05- I planted them too late.
0:20:06 > 0:20:09- If you're thinking ahead - to next year...
0:20:09 > 0:20:11- ..now is the ideal time.
0:20:11 > 0:20:17- Whenever you plant broad beans, - you have to prepare.
0:20:17 > 0:20:22- I started by digging a trench.
0:20:22 > 0:20:26- It needs to be double - the depth of a spade.
0:20:26 > 0:20:28- There's quite a lot to do.
0:20:29 > 0:20:34- Once you've made a trench, - break up the soil.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39- We do this...
0:20:40 > 0:20:43- ..to improve soil drainage.
0:20:43 > 0:20:47- Moisture penetrates the soil.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50- Roots are happier in light soil.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55- After you've broken up the soil...
0:20:56 > 0:20:58- ..you're ready for the nutrients.
0:21:02 > 0:21:06- Use plenty of compost...
0:21:07 > 0:21:09- ..manure...
0:21:10 > 0:21:12- ..or whatever you have.
0:21:13 > 0:21:15- Broad beans are hungry plants.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19- Here's a tip for you.
0:21:19 > 0:21:21- Add a little wood ash.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25- There is a reason for doing this.
0:21:25 > 0:21:29- It's high in potassium - which is a vital nutrient for soil.
0:21:30 > 0:21:32- Don't put too much.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35- Scatter a little over the soil.
0:21:35 > 0:21:40- Cover the wood ash with compost.
0:21:41 > 0:21:44- Then it's ready - for the original soil.
0:21:47 > 0:21:50- We're ready to plant broad beans.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55- There are many - different varieties of broad beans.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- They're all suitable - for planting in autumn.
0:22:00 > 0:22:05- But this Aquadulce is - specifically for autumn planting.
0:22:06 > 0:22:09- I'll plant them in rows.
0:22:09 > 0:22:14- I'll use these canes for neat rows.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19- The lines don't have to be perfect.
0:22:20 > 0:22:22- Nothing is straight in nature.
0:22:23 > 0:22:27- Allow eight or nine inches - between each one.
0:22:29 > 0:22:32- Plant them two inches deep.
0:22:33 > 0:22:36- I'll scatter twigs around them...
0:22:36 > 0:22:40- ..to make sure I don't trample - on them in winter.
0:22:43 > 0:22:45- Beans aren't strong.
0:22:45 > 0:22:49- These canes will support them - as they grow.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53- I'll finish this square...
0:22:55 > 0:22:57- ..then create a new row.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00- I need to dig a second trench first.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04- As an insurance policy...
0:23:05 > 0:23:08- ..I'll plant some in pots - in the greenhouse...
0:23:08 > 0:23:11- ..in case we have mice - in the garden.
0:23:14 > 0:23:16- That's it for this series.
0:23:16 > 0:23:20- It's hard to believe - a year of gardening has passed.
0:23:20 > 0:23:25- A year older, a year wiser, - or so they say.
0:23:25 > 0:23:26- Well, yes!
0:23:26 > 0:23:29- I hope you join us next spring.
0:23:29 > 0:23:31- Until then, enjoy nature.
0:23:31 > 0:23:35- And although it's quiet - in the garden over winter...
0:23:36 > 0:23:38- ..enjoy the gardening.
0:23:55 > 0:23:57- S4C Subtitles by Gwead
0:23:57 > 0:23:57- .