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0:00:09 > 0:00:12- Gregynog Hall - is a famous centre of culture...
0:00:12 > 0:00:15- ..and the home - of the Davies Sisters.
0:00:15 > 0:00:17- But there was another lady...
0:00:17 > 0:00:22- ..who played an important - yet unexpected role in our history.
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- Dora Herbert Jones.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28- The Gregynog Press - was her main interest.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32- She dedicated herself...
0:00:32 > 0:00:36- ..to the press - and the Davies Sisters.
0:00:37 > 0:00:40- They've often been spoken of as shy.
0:00:40 > 0:00:44- I don't think I would call it shy. - It was another quality.
0:00:47 > 0:00:52- She painstakingly ensured - that our folk tunes were protected.
0:00:52 > 0:00:56- She was a great influence - on the performance of folk songs...
0:00:57 > 0:01:00- ..and the promotion - of our folk songs...
0:01:00 > 0:01:05- ..and the way English composers...
0:01:06 > 0:01:07- ..used the Welsh songs.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11- But there's another side - to Dora's story.
0:01:11 > 0:01:16- It's a story of mystery in the midst - of the Easter Rising in Ireland.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18- She risked her life.
0:01:18 > 0:01:23- Being caught carrying messages - in Ireland was dangerous.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27- She could also have drowned - had her ship been torpedoed.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50- My search for the story - of Dora Herbert Jones...
0:01:51 > 0:01:54- ..starts near my home in Cyfronydd.
0:01:54 > 0:01:58- Gregynog Hall - is just a few miles away.
0:01:58 > 0:02:03- We associate Gregynog with - Gwendoline and Margaret Davies...
0:02:03 > 0:02:06- ..but it also features - in Dora's story.
0:02:07 > 0:02:12- This is where she lived and worked - for the majority of her life.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15- But Dora's upbringing - was very different...
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- ..to the privileged lives - of Gwendoline and Margaret.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24- Dora was the youngest - of five daughters.
0:02:24 > 0:02:30- Her father ran a successful grocery - in the town of Llangollen.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32- He was quite a character...
0:02:33 > 0:02:38- ..and believed strongly in giving - equal rights for girls in education.
0:02:39 > 0:02:41- There was an incident with one aunt.
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- She told him - not to waste his money...
0:02:45 > 0:02:50- ..and take his daughters to the - agricultural fairs to find husbands.
0:02:51 > 0:02:52- He was quite adamant...
0:02:52 > 0:02:58- ..that his daughters had knowledge - as opposed to financial security.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02- Where did Dora's - interest in music start?
0:03:02 > 0:03:04- I think - she always had a love of music.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08- Whilst at the county school - in Llangollen...
0:03:08 > 0:03:14- ..she took part - in concerts and operettas...
0:03:14 > 0:03:18- ..from a very young age.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25- In 1908, Dora went to Aberystwyth - University to study Welsh...
0:03:25 > 0:03:30- ..but enjoyed traditional music - outside of her lectures.
0:03:30 > 0:03:35- Folk music was unpopular at the time - in Wales.
0:03:35 > 0:03:40- There were folk song societies - in England, Scotland and Ireland...
0:03:40 > 0:03:43- ..but there was nothing in Wales...
0:03:43 > 0:03:49- ..until J Lloyd Williams and his - type saw the value of these songs.
0:03:51 > 0:03:55- Dr Mary Davies, a co-founder - of the Welsh Folk Song Society...
0:03:55 > 0:03:58- ..visited Aberystwyth to lecture...
0:03:58 > 0:04:01- ..and asked Dora - to sing examples of the songs.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05- It was the start of a life - of singing folk songs.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08- In March 1911...
0:04:08 > 0:04:13- ..four students - from Aberystwyth University...
0:04:13 > 0:04:16- ..spent six days in Paris.
0:04:17 > 0:04:22- They performed in many concerts in - various locations across the city...
0:04:22 > 0:04:26- ..including - the Paris-Sorbonne University.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- You could say that this - was the first important step...
0:04:30 > 0:04:34- ..towards internationalizing - Welsh folk songs.
0:04:34 > 0:04:40- Dora was undoubtedly - the star of those performances.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45- This is where she mastered her - talent and ability as a singer...
0:04:45 > 0:04:51- ..and a person who interpreted - folk songs in a unique way.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55- The emphasis was on the traditional - as opposed to the classical.
0:04:58 > 0:05:04- But Dora chose to sidestep a career - as a singer and moved to London...
0:05:05 > 0:05:10- ..where she became the first woman - to work in the Houses of Parliament.
0:05:10 > 0:05:15- It was quite a feat when women - were fighting for the right to vote.
0:05:15 > 0:05:20- Dora was the secretary of the MP for - the Flint Boroughs, Herbert Lewis...
0:05:21 > 0:05:25- ..and often found herself - in the Houses of Parliament.
0:05:25 > 0:05:31- Herbert's wife, Ruth was one of the - main collectors of Welsh folk songs.
0:05:31 > 0:05:36- Dora accompanied her as she recorded - and collected the songs.
0:05:36 > 0:05:41- They famously visited Jane Williams - in the Holywell Workhouse.
0:05:41 > 0:05:47- She was over 80 years old - and was totally illiterate...
0:05:47 > 0:05:50- ..but she had an incredible memory.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53- We went to see her one day.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56- It was either 1911 or 1912 - but I think it was 1912.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00- She was in her bed - but she wasn't ill at all.
0:06:00 > 0:06:05- We started recording and got - five songs from her that afternoon.
0:06:05 > 0:06:09- I went back time and time again.
0:06:09 > 0:06:13- Mrs Herbert Lewis and others - also revisited Jane...
0:06:13 > 0:06:15- ..and her memory was miraculous.
0:06:16 > 0:06:17- Dora is responsible...
0:06:18 > 0:06:22- ..for preserving the well-known - song, Beth Yw'r Haf I Mi?
0:06:23 > 0:06:27- A German musician - called Johann Malchair...
0:06:27 > 0:06:32- ..visited Harlech - at the start of the 19th century.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36- He heard this beautiful melody - as an instrumental piece...
0:06:36 > 0:06:40- ..and made a note of it - in a little pocket book.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43- Some 100 years later...
0:06:43 > 0:06:48- ..Llew Tegid discovered the notebook - in a second-hand shop in Bangor.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- He showed the melody - to Dora Herbert Jones...
0:06:52 > 0:06:56- ..who showed it - to John Roberts Williams.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00- John asked T H Parry-Williams - and Amy Parry-Williams...
0:07:00 > 0:07:04- ..if they would write lyrics - to accompany the melody.
0:07:04 > 0:07:08- The result is a perfect marriage - between melody and lyrics.
0:07:09 > 0:07:13- # What is the summer to me?
0:07:13 > 0:07:19- # Just a poor winter - and a flood of tears #
0:07:19 > 0:07:22- It was incredibly unfashionable...
0:07:22 > 0:07:27- ..to talk about folk songs - in those days.
0:07:27 > 0:07:31- I was often told that - there was nothing of value...
0:07:32 > 0:07:34- ..to be recorded and safeguarded.
0:07:35 > 0:07:38- But I can tell you - that it was not true.
0:07:38 > 0:07:43- If I'm perfectly honest, they didn't - know the essence of a folk song.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46- # The summer means... #
0:07:46 > 0:07:51- Dora was a key figure in preserving - our folk songs.
0:07:51 > 0:07:54- Shortly before her death...
0:07:54 > 0:07:59- ..Roy Saer from St Fagans made - a recording of Dora's own story.
0:07:59 > 0:08:05- How do you view folk songs and - a series such as Hob y Deri Dando?
0:08:05 > 0:08:10- It's important to state that - I don't want to be old-fashioned...
0:08:10 > 0:08:14- ..but I feel that you need - to have respect for the song.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17- What was she like?
0:08:17 > 0:08:21- I'll start by using the foreign term - of "formidable."
0:08:21 > 0:08:26- Physically, she was a large woman - and very tall.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- She would look at you - with her piercing eyes...
0:08:30 > 0:08:34- ..and gave her opinions - on an array of topics.
0:08:34 > 0:08:39- It wasn't pointless banter because - she was too intelligent for that.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42- I don't want to sound pompous...
0:08:43 > 0:08:46- ..but every time - you sing a folk song...
0:08:46 > 0:08:50- ..you sing about the experience - even if you know nothing about it.
0:08:50 > 0:08:56- She had a wide repertoire of songs - but enjoyed singing Hiraeth.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00- It was often performed - at the end of her recitals.
0:09:06 > 0:09:13- # Tell, great people of knowledge
0:09:14 > 0:09:21- # Of what was longing made
0:09:22 > 0:09:28- # And what material was put into it
0:09:29 > 0:09:33- # That it should not
0:09:33 > 0:09:40- # Fade as it is worn? #
0:09:40 > 0:09:44- World War I opened many chapters - in Dora's life.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48- In 1916, she married Herbert Jones - from Llangernyw.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51- Shortly afterwards, - they went to France.
0:09:51 > 0:09:54- Herbert was injured at Ypres.
0:09:54 > 0:09:59- Dora stayed in Verdun with Margaret - and Gwendoline Davies from Gregynog.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02- She ran a canteen - and sang to the soldiers.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04- She was the Vera Lynn of her day.
0:10:08 > 0:10:12- After leaving France, she got - another job in the political world.
0:10:13 > 0:10:18- It took her to the heart of the - battle for independence in Ireland.
0:10:19 > 0:10:23- It's 1917, a bleak time - with the war raging in Europe.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27- Britain fought on two fronts - since the Irish uprising.
0:10:28 > 0:10:32- In the midst of it all, - Dora started a new job...
0:10:32 > 0:10:36- ..which meant travelling between - London and Dublin regularly.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39- It's both confidential - and dangerous...
0:10:40 > 0:10:43- ..especially as the waters - were full of German u-boats.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46- But what was her actual role?
0:10:51 > 0:10:52- .
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0:10:57 > 0:11:01- Today's crossing from Holyhead - to Dublin is relatively smooth.
0:11:01 > 0:11:05- It was a different story in the - midst of war some 100 years ago.
0:11:06 > 0:11:12- At 26, Dora Herbert Jones regularly - travelled between London and Dublin.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15- She claims to be doing - confidential work...
0:11:15 > 0:11:20- ..for Lord Wimborne, - the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
0:11:22 > 0:11:26- What was the situation in Ireland - during Dora's visits?
0:11:27 > 0:11:29- It was a very troubled time - in Ireland...
0:11:30 > 0:11:34- ..following the Easter Rising - against the British government.
0:11:34 > 0:11:38- The leaders of the rising - had been shot...
0:11:38 > 0:11:41- ..whilst others - were imprisoned in Britain.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44- Many were held in Frongoch - near Bala.
0:11:44 > 0:11:49- Was it a dangerous time to travel - between London and Ireland?
0:11:49 > 0:11:51- Yes, it was in 1917.
0:11:51 > 0:11:57- German u-boats were active in the - waters and sank every ship in sight.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00- Dora was risking her life.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02- Yes, she risked her life.
0:12:02 > 0:12:06- Being caught carrying messages - in Ireland was dangerous.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10- She could also have drowned - had her ship been torpedoed.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15- Dora loved being in Dublin.
0:12:16 > 0:12:18- She played the organ - in the Welsh chapel..
0:12:19 > 0:12:22- ..and enjoyed a life of grandeur - with her employer.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- # Dome epais #
0:12:25 > 0:12:31- In Dora's time, the British Empire - governed Ireland from Dublin Castle.
0:12:32 > 0:12:35- Lord Wimborne came here - and Dora was at his side...
0:12:35 > 0:12:40- ..at some of the most - exciting events in Irish history.
0:12:40 > 0:12:45- # A la rose s'assemble #
0:12:46 > 0:12:51- There's no evidence to reveal the - nature of Dora's confidential work.
0:12:51 > 0:12:57- But Lloyd George used the Welsh and - their language on secret missions.
0:12:57 > 0:13:03- # Sur la rive en fleurs, - riant au matin #
0:13:03 > 0:13:08- What are your thoughts on the claims - that she did undercover work?
0:13:08 > 0:13:10- It's a valid point...
0:13:10 > 0:13:15- ..because the British government - at the time...
0:13:15 > 0:13:20- ..didn't trust their own - civil servants in Ireland.
0:13:20 > 0:13:25- They didn't know who was carrying - messages to the various parties...
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- ..so Dora was a natural choice.
0:13:28 > 0:13:32- Lloyd George knew her...
0:13:32 > 0:13:37- ..so she could carry messages - from Ireland to Downing Street.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47- I wanted to learn more about Dora - and this period in time.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50- Finding clues proved difficult...
0:13:50 > 0:13:53- ..until Dora's granddaughter - called me...
0:13:54 > 0:13:56- ..about her grandmother's letters.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00- The information about Dora's son - was quite astounding.
0:14:03 > 0:14:06- He was, for thirty years, - a civil servant...
0:14:07 > 0:14:09- ..apparently in the Foreign Office.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12- Only after he'd retired...
0:14:12 > 0:14:18- ..I learnt that he was actually in - the intelligence service or MI6...
0:14:18 > 0:14:21- ..and so was my mother...
0:14:21 > 0:14:25- ..and various other godfathers - and godmothers.
0:14:25 > 0:14:26- And you had no idea.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28- And you had no idea.- - We had no idea.
0:14:28 > 0:14:33- And I don't think that Dora - actually knew that he was in MI6.
0:14:34 > 0:14:38- What about the idea that she did - secret service work in Ireland?
0:14:38 > 0:14:39- What do you think?
0:14:39 > 0:14:42- What do you think?- - I don't know.
0:14:42 > 0:14:47- My gut feeling is that she was - either a trustworthy secretary...
0:14:47 > 0:14:51- ..or possibly just acting - as a courier carrying letters back.
0:14:51 > 0:14:53- Do you think that's likely?
0:14:54 > 0:14:58- I don't know but I think the story - might be in these letters...
0:14:59 > 0:15:02- ..which have been in these boxes - for some time.
0:15:03 > 0:15:07- It won't be spelt out and I'll - have to read between the lines.
0:15:09 > 0:15:14- We know Dora returned from Ireland - when Lord Wimborne retired...
0:15:14 > 0:15:20- ..but she never spoke to anyone - about her secret missions.
0:15:23 > 0:15:28- In 1918, Dora and Herbert had a - daughter who they called Elspeth...
0:15:28 > 0:15:32- ..who was shortly followed - by a son called Hugh.
0:15:32 > 0:15:38- On the day of Hugh's christening, - Dora also buried her husband.
0:15:38 > 0:15:42- Herbert never recovered from the - injuries he sustained in the war.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52- The majestic and historical - Gregynog Hall.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- Dora lived in Aberystwyth - after her husband's death...
0:15:57 > 0:16:01- ..before becoming the secretary - of Margaret and Gwendoline Davies.
0:16:01 > 0:16:04- They owned the hall - and its famous press.
0:16:10 > 0:16:15- Dora was the PR officer - and involved in marketing.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19- She was responsible - for selling the books...
0:16:19 > 0:16:24- ..and ran rigorous quality control - checks on all the publications.
0:16:24 > 0:16:27- Many felt that she was the press.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- The emphasis in this place - was on standards.
0:16:31 > 0:16:32- Only the finest would do.
0:16:33 > 0:16:36- This was not some little hobby...
0:16:36 > 0:16:39- ..of two romantic sisters - in a beautiful home...
0:16:40 > 0:16:41- ..with money to squander.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45- Oh, no. It was serious. - It had a purpose.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- What was the relationship - between the hall and the press?
0:16:50 > 0:16:53- There was an underlying feeling...
0:16:53 > 0:16:58- ..that the press was viewed - as a commercial venture...
0:16:59 > 0:17:02- ..and the hall - was on a higher playing field.
0:17:02 > 0:17:06- Dora belonged to both - so where did she fit in?
0:17:06 > 0:17:10- Yes, Dora found herself - in an uncomfortable position.
0:17:10 > 0:17:13- She was a friend of the sisters.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- There was a feeling - amongst her co-workers...
0:17:16 > 0:17:20- ..that she would tell tales - to their employers.
0:17:21 > 0:17:26- She dedicated herself to the press - and to the sisters.
0:17:26 > 0:17:31- I don't think that the sisters - were sensitive enough...
0:17:31 > 0:17:36- ..to show the amount of respect - that they had for all she did.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41- Dora lived on the estate in a house - called Bron Bechan.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45- It became a centre - for the cultural life of the hall.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49- It was an exciting - but challenging time...
0:17:49 > 0:17:51- ..and it wasn't always easy.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54- They've often been spoken of as shy.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56- I don't think I would call it shy.
0:17:57 > 0:17:58- It was another quality.
0:17:59 > 0:18:01- They shunned publicity.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04- Indeed perhaps you and I would - if we had a million each.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08- I've never had it so can't tell you - but they did shun it.
0:18:08 > 0:18:13- She was friendly with both but they - were very different from each other.
0:18:14 > 0:18:20- And Daisy, in any case, - was very jealous of Dora.
0:18:20 > 0:18:22- I don't know for what reason.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25- It may have been - that Gwen was very fond of Dora...
0:18:26 > 0:18:30- ..or it may have been that she was - jealous of her various talents.
0:18:30 > 0:18:32- I really don't know.
0:18:32 > 0:18:34- When it comes to Gwen, - it was different.
0:18:35 > 0:18:40- Gwen was absolutely dependent - on Dora after she got to Gregynog.
0:18:40 > 0:18:43- They were very alike - in lots of ways.
0:18:43 > 0:18:47- But also, they had a great affection - for each other.
0:18:47 > 0:18:49- They remained very close...
0:18:50 > 0:18:55- ..until the very last few years...
0:18:55 > 0:18:57- ..of Gwen's life.
0:18:58 > 0:19:00- That was really very sad.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02- Very sad indeed.
0:19:02 > 0:19:04- Gwen mistrusted Dora.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08- If one had not lived - in a great house...
0:19:08 > 0:19:12- ..and the other lived in a cottage - and felt inferior...
0:19:12 > 0:19:15- ..they would have been real buddies.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21- They didn't always see eye-to-eye...
0:19:22 > 0:19:26- ..but it proved to be a successful - partnership for both parties.
0:19:29 > 0:19:34- Gwendoline and Margaret Davies' - greatest gift...
0:19:34 > 0:19:40- ..was the new lease of life they - gave to the Welsh music world...
0:19:40 > 0:19:43- ..thanks to their generosity.
0:19:43 > 0:19:44- More importantly...
0:19:45 > 0:19:50- ..they invited many influential - and prominent English musicians...
0:19:50 > 0:19:52- ..to stay at Gregynog Hall.
0:19:52 > 0:19:54- When these legendary musicians...
0:19:55 > 0:19:59- ..such as Elgar, Delius, - Vaughan Williams and Holst...
0:19:59 > 0:20:01- ..visited Gregynog...
0:20:01 > 0:20:05- ..they were entertained - in the evenings by Dora Rowlands.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08- She sang traditional Welsh songs.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11- Shortly afterwards...
0:20:11 > 0:20:15- ..those composers - used some of the Welsh melodies...
0:20:15 > 0:20:18- ..as the basis - of their compositions.
0:20:18 > 0:20:21- They also arranged - Welsh folk songs...
0:20:21 > 0:20:26- ..for quartets - and the choral tradition in England.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31- Stanley Baldwin, I suppose...
0:20:31 > 0:20:36- ..was the most famous non-musician - who ever went to Gregynog.
0:20:36 > 0:20:41- They gave him a home for rest - during the abdication time.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44- Dora was largely - left in charge of him.
0:20:44 > 0:20:50- I think she and Stanley Baldwin - got on extremely well.
0:20:57 > 0:20:59- Dora endured a second tragedy...
0:20:59 > 0:21:02- ..with the death of her daughter - at the age of 21.
0:21:02 > 0:21:08- Elspeth was returning from Australia - when her ship was hit by a torpedo.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11- After all that had happened...
0:21:12 > 0:21:15- ..Dora couldn't face - staying in Gregynog.
0:21:22 > 0:21:28- She spent the rest of her life - lecturing about folk songs...
0:21:28 > 0:21:30- ..leaving an incredible legacy.
0:21:30 > 0:21:36- She was just as comfortable on large - stages as she was in small vestries.
0:21:36 > 0:21:41- She could empathize and appeal - to both adults and children.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45- She was so important - and worked in many fields...
0:21:45 > 0:21:48- ..as a PR officer for folk music.
0:21:48 > 0:21:50- She was active in the society...
0:21:51 > 0:21:53- ..but also lectured - to various groups...
0:21:54 > 0:21:57- ..and was prominent - in the Eisteddfod.
0:21:57 > 0:22:01- If we had a recording of Dora - singing Welsh folk songs...
0:22:01 > 0:22:04- ..when she was in her prime...
0:22:04 > 0:22:08- ..I'm sure many singers in Wales...
0:22:08 > 0:22:13- ..would understand - how to interpret a folk song.
0:22:13 > 0:22:17- It shouldn't be like a classical - song or an operatic aria...
0:22:17 > 0:22:20- ..but something totally natural.
0:22:20 > 0:22:22- That was Dora's greatest skill.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25- The tragedy is that - so few emulate her today.
0:22:26 > 0:22:31- In January 1974, Dorothy received - a phone call from Dora.
0:22:31 > 0:22:36- Her voice suggested - that all was not well.
0:22:38 > 0:22:40- At the end, she said...
0:22:40 > 0:22:43- .."Goodnight, darling. - I do hope I'll see you again."
0:22:44 > 0:22:47- And I said, "goodnight."
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- That really worried me - because that wasn't Dora.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54- That wasn't her at all.
0:22:54 > 0:22:55- I was so worried...
0:22:55 > 0:22:59- ..I decided I'd go over - the next morning to see her.
0:23:00 > 0:23:04- By ten o'clock the next morning, her - cleaner had found her dead in bed.
0:23:11 > 0:23:14- Her lively voice was silent.
0:23:14 > 0:23:19- Her mischievous smile was still - and zest for life had gone.
0:23:20 > 0:23:25- Dora described Gregynog as one of - the most magical places in Wales...
0:23:25 > 0:23:28- ..and this is where she returned - in the end.
0:23:28 > 0:23:34- I hope she knows that Gregynog and - Wales were much richer places...
0:23:34 > 0:23:37- ..thanks to her hard work - and dedication.
0:23:57 > 0:24:00- S4C Subtitles By Tinopolis