0:00:05 > 0:00:10A fascinating and loving record of assimilation and community,
0:00:10 > 0:00:12heritage and identity.
0:00:12 > 0:00:14This is the Jewish Museum in London,
0:00:14 > 0:00:17and today it's host to the Quizeum.
0:00:29 > 0:00:33Welcome to the quiz about museums, here in Camden in North London.
0:00:33 > 0:00:36And we're sitting in the Judaica Gallery.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38It's a little treasure house.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42We have four rounds of questions to come about the fascinating
0:00:42 > 0:00:45and sometimes moving things that are collected here.
0:00:45 > 0:00:51And these include gorgeous, ritual items, which we have all around us,
0:00:51 > 0:00:53reflecting the principal of hiddur mitzvah,
0:00:53 > 0:00:56or "making beautiful the commandments".
0:00:56 > 0:00:57Let's meet our guests,
0:00:57 > 0:01:00who I can see have gone to some trouble to make themselves
0:01:00 > 0:01:02beautiful for tonight.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05None more beautiful, of course, than The Quizeum's principal
0:01:05 > 0:01:07and long-standing exhibit, Lars Tharp.
0:01:07 > 0:01:09THEY LAUGH
0:01:09 > 0:01:14He's joined by art historian, writer, publisher and broadcaster,
0:01:14 > 0:01:18and strictly on loan to our exhibition today, Jacky Klein.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21Hello, Jacky. Jacky's returning to The Quizeum after appearing in the
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Cardiff edition of series one.
0:01:23 > 0:01:25And you came back. Wow, thanks, Jacky. Great!
0:01:25 > 0:01:27The team they have to beat,
0:01:27 > 0:01:31though, is captained by another regular, Professor Kate Williams.
0:01:31 > 0:01:35And joining her, writer, broadcaster, historian, Simon Sebag Montefiore.
0:01:35 > 0:01:40Simon's Jerusalem: The Biography led to his BBC Four television series,
0:01:40 > 0:01:43Jerusalem: The Making Of A Holy City.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46So, this is going to be a bit of a walkover for you, isn't it?
0:01:46 > 0:01:49- Don't count on it! - Oh, well, we shall see.
0:01:49 > 0:01:52I don't think Lars is going to let you walk all over him.
0:01:52 > 0:01:54We're going to go! Anyway, mazel tov to all of you.
0:01:54 > 0:01:55THEY LAUGH
0:01:55 > 0:01:57It means good luck!
0:01:57 > 0:02:02OK, let's go exploring this miniature marvel in our opening round.
0:02:02 > 0:02:07The first questions, I should explain, are open to all.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10And the correct answer will earn a point and then first go at a
0:02:10 > 0:02:15slightly more detailed special extra question, which is worth two points.
0:02:15 > 0:02:17Of course, if you are utterly ignorant or make a complete bish of it,
0:02:17 > 0:02:20then the whole question goes to the other side.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22Fingers on the buzzers. Have a look at this.
0:02:22 > 0:02:27This trunk belonged to Ernst Kohnstamm.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29He brought it, whatever he could in it,
0:02:29 > 0:02:33when he fled the Nazi persecution in 1937.
0:02:33 > 0:02:34But for one point, can you tell me
0:02:34 > 0:02:39which European country expelled the Jewish people from 1290 to 16...
0:02:39 > 0:02:41BELL AND BUZZER RING
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- You were first over here, Kate. - Britain.- Britain.
0:02:44 > 0:02:45Britain expelled them.
0:02:45 > 0:02:46Well, can we call it England?
0:02:46 > 0:02:50- I think I'll give you the point there.- 1290, we were the first.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53- We expelled them. - England were first in.
0:02:53 > 0:02:54So, OK, well done.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56So, Kate and Simon, you get the special question.
0:02:56 > 0:02:59And here are some objects for you to examine.
0:02:59 > 0:03:00OK.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07Can you tell me why is this pair not a pair, but could be?
0:03:08 > 0:03:12They're not keys to something, they're not actually keys, are they? What are those markings?
0:03:12 > 0:03:14- They look like some kind of pincers. - Yeah, like callipers.
0:03:14 > 0:03:16Or something to pick something up, or eating.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19They're not... They're different sizes.
0:03:19 > 0:03:21- They're obviously from different sets.- Yeah.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25You're not going to get it, so I'm going to offer it over to the other side.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28We're going to move the object over there.
0:03:28 > 0:03:31Jacky and Lars, why is this pair not a pair, but could be?
0:03:31 > 0:03:34I think they're tallies.
0:03:34 > 0:03:39I think they're not a pair, because the way these tallies were worked
0:03:39 > 0:03:44was that you made a record of a payment that you gave
0:03:44 > 0:03:48and it was receipted on a stick with a notch.
0:03:48 > 0:03:51And then the stick was split,
0:03:51 > 0:03:55so the person from whom you bought had a record of the transaction.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58You kept your split side of the stick,
0:03:58 > 0:04:01so these are not from the same splitting.
0:04:01 > 0:04:03But they are two different tallies,
0:04:03 > 0:04:06or half of what would have been two pairs.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08And you get the two points.
0:04:08 > 0:04:10They are indeed two tally sticks.
0:04:10 > 0:04:15They were used to record financial transactions and these two relate
0:04:15 > 0:04:19to tax payments by a Jewish butcher in Gloucester in the 13th century.
0:04:19 > 0:04:24He kept one half, and the tax authorities kept the other.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26Let's move on through the museum,
0:04:26 > 0:04:29which was partly established to help explain what Judaism really is,
0:04:29 > 0:04:31and what the people really are,
0:04:31 > 0:04:33as Israel Spielman, one of the founders, put it.
0:04:33 > 0:04:38So, your open, one-point question.
0:04:38 > 0:04:42Have a look behind me, here, because this is a synagogue ark.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45It's 17th-century and from North Italy.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48But your question is why would you usually find an ark...
0:04:48 > 0:04:50BELL RINGS
0:04:50 > 0:04:52I think this is a question about why...
0:04:52 > 0:04:55Where the position of the ark was in the synagogue.
0:04:55 > 0:04:56Might be.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58And it's usually on the east wall,
0:04:58 > 0:05:00and that is because it's facing towards Jerusalem.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02Yes, you get your one point.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05And here's a specialist question worth two points.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10So, to get your extra point, have a look at this lamp. It's a Hanukkah lamp.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13Perhaps the most recognisable of Jewish ritual objects.
0:05:13 > 0:05:14And your question,
0:05:14 > 0:05:20what are the origins of the nine, there, for eight?
0:05:21 > 0:05:24There was one extra candle needed to let the other ones.
0:05:24 > 0:05:26There's eight days of Hanukkah and there's one extra candle.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29That's right, you usually light the middle one each time.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31Then you light the new light, first one.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33Use that to light the other ones.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35You're completely correct, there.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38And that's one point. But what are the origins?
0:05:38 > 0:05:40It's the Festival Of Hanukkah,
0:05:40 > 0:05:45which is in memory of the Maccabee rebellion
0:05:45 > 0:05:49against the Seleucid king, or emperor,
0:05:49 > 0:05:53Antiochus, Epiphanies, who ruled the Seleucid Empire,
0:05:53 > 0:05:56successor empire, Alexander The Great.
0:05:56 > 0:06:03And who, by appalling attempts to wipe out the Jews altogether,
0:06:03 > 0:06:07to turn the temple into a Greek idolatrous temple,
0:06:07 > 0:06:11and to force the Jews to eat pork, caused a rebellion.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14The Maccabees defeated the powerful Seleucid forces,
0:06:14 > 0:06:17retook Jerusalem and rededicated the temple.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20And for a week without any oil,
0:06:20 > 0:06:24the light was lit and this is the symbol,
0:06:24 > 0:06:26the celebration of that miracle.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30Griff, I just have one point of information in Simon's brilliant exegesis,
0:06:30 > 0:06:33which is that in fact there was oil in the temple,
0:06:33 > 0:06:36but there was only enough to last one night.
0:06:36 > 0:06:38And the miracle was that it lasted for eight nights.
0:06:38 > 0:06:40So, hence the eight nights.
0:06:40 > 0:06:44Simon's answer was such a wonderful answer I'm going to give you two points for that.
0:06:44 > 0:06:46So, another opener.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49Buzz to get one point, and a go at the specialist question.
0:06:49 > 0:06:54This is a sign for a Russian baths.
0:06:54 > 0:06:59What Russian word meaning systematic destruction...
0:06:59 > 0:07:00BELL RINGS
0:07:00 > 0:07:02You were first there.
0:07:02 > 0:07:03Pogrom.
0:07:03 > 0:07:07Pogrom entered the English language in the late 19th century
0:07:07 > 0:07:10around the time that these baths were established.
0:07:10 > 0:07:11A point for that.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14So, for your two-pointer, have a look at these.
0:07:17 > 0:07:19And what are they?
0:07:19 > 0:07:22And what was unusual about their being issued to a Jewish person?
0:07:22 > 0:07:25So, this is some kind of military identification, isn't it?
0:07:25 > 0:07:28One coin was taken off when someone died, and the other one
0:07:28 > 0:07:30was left on the body so the body could be identified.
0:07:30 > 0:07:31Yeah, so is it Russian...
0:07:31 > 0:07:34So are these... Are these... Are these from World War I?
0:07:35 > 0:07:36They could be World War I.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39World War I identifiers, and they reference the Jewish religion which
0:07:39 > 0:07:42reflects the fact that Judaism was accepted by the army at the time?
0:07:42 > 0:07:44- No.- No.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46Amazing, the idea that these were identity tags,
0:07:46 > 0:07:48- which you've identified.- Yes!
0:07:48 > 0:07:50You've got one point there.
0:07:50 > 0:07:51So, in the interest of fairness,
0:07:51 > 0:07:55I'm going to pass it over to the other side.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57- They must be... - Shall we give it a stab?
0:07:59 > 0:08:02Oh, here we are. That's it.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05C of E. Church of England.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08So, why was it unusual that they should be issued to a Jewish person?
0:08:08 > 0:08:13Was it because you COULDN'T be Jewish in the army at this time?
0:08:13 > 0:08:16- They're Second World War tags. - Right, that would be a no, then!
0:08:16 > 0:08:19SHE LAUGHS
0:08:19 > 0:08:20OK, I'm going to pass it back to you.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23These are from the Second World War.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26Of course they have C of E on them, because if they were captured
0:08:26 > 0:08:28by the Germans they would be ill treated for being Jewish.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31Indeed. That's exactly the reason. A point for that.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34Jewish servicemen were sometimes given Christian identity tags
0:08:34 > 0:08:37to prevent them from being treated badly.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40Or, potentially, even taken to a concentration camp,
0:08:40 > 0:08:41in the event of capture.
0:08:41 > 0:08:45And these were especially issued to special operations personnel
0:08:45 > 0:08:47going behind enemy lines.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51But they ran the risk, of course, of being denied Jewish burial
0:08:51 > 0:08:52if they were killed.
0:08:52 > 0:08:56So, a one-point opener. Again, fingers on the buzzers.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58Have a look at this. This...
0:08:58 > 0:09:00BUZZER
0:09:00 > 0:09:02HE LAUGHS
0:09:02 > 0:09:04We've got to get in there quick with these two!
0:09:04 > 0:09:07You've got in quick, so I haven't given you the question.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10- That's all right, I can give you the answer, Griff!- OK, go away.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12Is it a ketubah, or a marriage certificate?
0:09:14 > 0:09:16That's not the question.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18Carry on, then. So sorry to interrupt.
0:09:18 > 0:09:22- I'm afraid I'll have to give the full question to the other side.- So sorry.
0:09:22 > 0:09:25This beautifully illustrated document is a marriage contract,
0:09:25 > 0:09:29but what country does it come from?
0:09:30 > 0:09:33I would guess sort of the west, rather than the east,
0:09:33 > 0:09:36because it's so colourful. You know, the flower. I don't know.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39But it could be... I'm tempted to say Spain, but...
0:09:39 > 0:09:41- I'm tempted to say Spain.- But we've got... But it's all in Hebrew.
0:09:41 > 0:09:44What is your answer?
0:09:44 > 0:09:45- Spain.- Spain.
0:09:45 > 0:09:47I'm afraid you're wrong.
0:09:47 > 0:09:50- You've had a go.- England? - You've had a go.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52It is in fact Indian.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58If you look at the peacocks, they're a little bit of a giveaway.
0:09:58 > 0:09:59As are, in fact, are the roses.
0:09:59 > 0:10:03So, we're still looking for the right answer to earn that special question.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06- Another question about marriage here.- OK.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10If you get married in a synagogue, what is the name of the canopy used...
0:10:10 > 0:10:11BELL RINGS
0:10:11 > 0:10:12You were first, there, Jacky.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15- It's called a chuppah. - A chuppah. Well done.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18So, you get the special question. Have a look at this.
0:10:18 > 0:10:26For two points, tell me why is this man depicted wearing two hats?
0:10:27 > 0:10:32I think this was a satirical print, possibly of Rothschild.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35He's a banker, and presumably he's wearing two hats
0:10:35 > 0:10:37because he has split loyalties.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41One to his own community, and one to the ministry he might be serving.
0:10:41 > 0:10:42Well, I don't know.
0:10:42 > 0:10:47I think he might have been satirised as a second-hand clothes dealer.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50I'm going to give you both points, there. You're absolutely right.
0:10:50 > 0:10:52That's Nathan Rothschild, the banker.
0:10:52 > 0:10:57And he's being satirised as a used clothes dealer,
0:10:57 > 0:11:04a trade which was taken up by a large number of the Jewish population.
0:11:04 > 0:11:09And therefore was used as a way of stereotyping people.
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Rothschild was, of course, one of the richest men in England.
0:11:12 > 0:11:16In 1825 he was able to supply the Bank of England with enough coin
0:11:16 > 0:11:18to avoid a liquidity crisis.
0:11:18 > 0:11:22That was a banker bailing out the nation's finances.
0:11:22 > 0:11:23THEY LAUGH
0:11:23 > 0:11:27Almost the exact opposite of the way we currently deal
0:11:27 > 0:11:29with financial meltdown.
0:11:29 > 0:11:31So, we've come to the end of that round.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34And it's time to have a look at the scores.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36And the scores look exactly like this.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39Now, Jacky and Lars, you got five points. Congratulations.
0:11:39 > 0:11:42But Simon and Kate, you're ahead with seven.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46It's close, it's close at this point.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49And we'll see how we get now, because it's time to play our next round.
0:11:49 > 0:11:52It's called A Question Of Attribution.
0:11:52 > 0:11:55The attribution being what each member of the team gives us
0:11:55 > 0:11:57when we bring a mysterious object to the table.
0:11:57 > 0:12:02And the question being which one of them is telling an outright lie?
0:12:02 > 0:12:05One factual account, one piece of unadulterated trumpery,
0:12:05 > 0:12:06three points for telling which is which.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10So, let's have the first object, and can we get an account from you,
0:12:10 > 0:12:14Simon, to start us off?
0:12:15 > 0:12:18This is simple. You might even say it's bleeding obvious.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21It is an essential piece of equipment
0:12:21 > 0:12:25for the preparing of kosher meat.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28You'd hang the meat on it,
0:12:28 > 0:12:32drip the blood down and it would just drip out the bottom
0:12:32 > 0:12:35and there you have your kosher meat, which, of course,
0:12:35 > 0:12:40can only be prepared by naturally letting the blood run out of the meat after it's slaughtered.
0:12:40 > 0:12:44OK. So, Kate, you have a different version for what this is.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47Simon's wrong, because it is for food, but it's not for meat.
0:12:47 > 0:12:49What it is for, is it's for fruit
0:12:49 > 0:12:52and it's for the harvest festival, the Sukkot festival.
0:12:52 > 0:12:57So, we put the food in to make sure they are completely dry of impure
0:12:57 > 0:13:01water, so particularly the etrog, which is a very crucial fruit.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03So, the etrog is there, all of the fruits are there.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06The water is drained off and they are dried and ready to use in the festival.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10And it's wood, of course, and dates from the 1950s, we think.
0:13:11 > 0:13:17Now, Jacky and Lars, would you like to decide in just a few seconds
0:13:17 > 0:13:19which you're going to go for?
0:13:19 > 0:13:22Jacky, come on. You're confident on this, aren't you?
0:13:22 > 0:13:23- I'm reasonably confident.- Yeah.
0:13:23 > 0:13:27Because I was wondering why this thing needed to be on an angle
0:13:27 > 0:13:30and Simon's justification of the blood having to drain away
0:13:30 > 0:13:33in kosher meat sounds very legit to me.
0:13:33 > 0:13:36I'm not quite convinced that, for the festival of Sukkot,
0:13:36 > 0:13:38the fruit actually needs to be dried out.
0:13:38 > 0:13:39Or if it does,
0:13:39 > 0:13:45why do we need it to be drained on an angular sort of graded board.
0:13:45 > 0:13:47That just sounds like hocus-pocus to me.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50Did you have any problem with why is there no blood staining on here?
0:13:50 > 0:13:56- I did wonder that.- Maybe it's just a shop sample and it was never used.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Or it could have just been kept very, very clean.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01- Cleanliness is a hugely important part of the laws of...- Yes, yes.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03So, Kate.
0:14:03 > 0:14:04Were you telling the truth?
0:14:04 > 0:14:07Is it in fact a vegetable roll-out?
0:14:07 > 0:14:08I was telling a lie.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12- They are right. - So, it was hocus-pocus.
0:14:12 > 0:14:13Simon was telling the truth.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16It is indeed a kosher board for draining blood to ensure
0:14:16 > 0:14:18that meat complies with dietary laws.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21But we have another object to look at
0:14:21 > 0:14:26and more gallifrumpery to listen to.
0:14:26 > 0:14:31So, which of the following two stories
0:14:31 > 0:14:36is going to be a complete fabrication? Lars.
0:14:36 > 0:14:39These are tallies that you could either buy yourself,
0:14:39 > 0:14:41or buy for other people.
0:14:41 > 0:14:46These tallies are for very poor members of the community
0:14:46 > 0:14:48who would visit the soup kitchen.
0:14:48 > 0:14:54It meant that your fellow man was able to avoid being seen to beg
0:14:54 > 0:14:57by non-Jews.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00They were introduced in 1854
0:15:00 > 0:15:04and were still going in the 1950s.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06Jacky, you got another explanation for what these things are.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09- I do. I actually have the correct explanation.- Good.
0:15:09 > 0:15:12Which is that they are indeed tally spikes
0:15:12 > 0:15:15and they are connected to Jewish charity.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19But what they are is for use in the synagogue service.
0:15:19 > 0:15:22Essentially, each row of the synagogue service would
0:15:22 > 0:15:24collect money for the big festivals.
0:15:24 > 0:15:27And you would put the tag which represented an amount of money
0:15:27 > 0:15:31that you wanted to give as charity to the community.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33Why do people need to do this?
0:15:33 > 0:15:35Because if you're Jewish and if it's a high holy day,
0:15:35 > 0:15:38you are not allowed to carry money in the synagogue.
0:15:38 > 0:15:40So, these are essentially tokens that you would put on
0:15:40 > 0:15:43and say, "I pledge to give this amount of money to charity."
0:15:43 > 0:15:46Add a couple of weeks later, the synagogue clerk would phone
0:15:46 > 0:15:48you up and say, "Thank you for putting that tag on.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51"Now I'm actually coming to reclaim the real cash."
0:15:51 > 0:15:54OK. They're soup tokens or they're synagogue tokens.
0:15:54 > 0:15:55Either way, they're tokens.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57They've managed to come up with...
0:15:57 > 0:16:00I'd say they're both exactly the same thing for different purposes.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02That's very cunning.
0:16:02 > 0:16:04- So, I'm going to have to hurry you. - OK.- Which do you think?
0:16:04 > 0:16:08- We're going to... We think... - We think Jacky is telling the truth.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10So, do you think they come from synagogue
0:16:10 > 0:16:14and they are for recording charitable donations?
0:16:14 > 0:16:17So, Jacky, is that what they are?
0:16:17 > 0:16:20Well, that tradition does carry on today
0:16:20 > 0:16:22because in the synagogue you can't carry money
0:16:22 > 0:16:25and you get given a little card and you put a little hook through it.
0:16:25 > 0:16:27- But, actually, it was complete rubbish!- No!
0:16:27 > 0:16:30I was not telling the truth, I'm afraid.
0:16:30 > 0:16:31Oh, no!
0:16:31 > 0:16:36Well, I have to say, very, very skilfully done there.
0:16:36 > 0:16:40That's an team showing that they can work together.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42They are indeed soup kitchen tallies.
0:16:42 > 0:16:46They were originally established in 1854 in Leman Street
0:16:46 > 0:16:47in the Jewish soup kitchen.
0:16:47 > 0:16:53Moved to Brune Street and didn't close until as recently as 1992.
0:16:53 > 0:16:57So, let's look at the scores and see how that has changed.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01Simon and Kate, I'm afraid you're still stuck there with your seven points.
0:17:01 > 0:17:04Whereas Jacky and Lars picked up six points during that game.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07- And so they've gone up to 11. - Oh.- Well done.- Ouch.
0:17:07 > 0:17:11In our next round, we're setting off into the museum on a guided tour.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13Jacky and Lars, you're up first.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16I'm going to ask four questions,
0:17:16 > 0:17:22and I'm looking for a connection between two fascinating objects.
0:17:22 > 0:17:27Right, have a look at these two objects.
0:17:27 > 0:17:30So, here is your first question.
0:17:31 > 0:17:33Jacky, what is this, do you think?
0:17:35 > 0:17:38Well, it's obviously a cape of some sort.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42Highly decorated in a sort of patchworky style.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45There's lots of different badges on it,
0:17:45 > 0:17:47from possibly different parts of the army.
0:17:47 > 0:17:49Right.
0:17:49 > 0:17:51- I might need help in a moment. - OK, Lars.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54Do you want to step in and help here? Do you think you know what it is?
0:17:54 > 0:17:57It looks like a nurse's cape to me.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00Yes, that's quite right. You get your first point.
0:18:00 > 0:18:07It's a World War II nurse's uniform worn by the Jewish nurse, Doris Benjamin.
0:18:07 > 0:18:10Now, she was a VAD nurse,
0:18:10 > 0:18:14a Voluntary Aid Detachment.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18That meant that, effectively, she wasn't a fully qualified nurse,
0:18:18 > 0:18:22but she worked, as it were, in auxiliary services.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25Looking after people who'd been invalided out.
0:18:25 > 0:18:31Now, what do you think the badges represent?
0:18:31 > 0:18:34Are they from patients of hers?
0:18:34 > 0:18:38A sort of thank yous, for having saved their lives?
0:18:38 > 0:18:40They're regimental badges.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42You're quite right. This is her nurse's cape.
0:18:42 > 0:18:47She's put regimental badges from all the people she helped at one stage.
0:18:47 > 0:18:50But when I say all, in fact these are all people she helped,
0:18:50 > 0:18:52but she did say herself
0:18:52 > 0:18:57that if she has tried to keep a flash from every single person
0:18:57 > 0:19:00that she'd aided during her service...
0:19:00 > 0:19:01She'd have needed a bigger cape!
0:19:01 > 0:19:04..she would have a cape which stretched back three or four miles.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08So, these are just some of the regimental insignia of the people.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11OK, can you tell me what that is?
0:19:13 > 0:19:16It's a World War I Iron Cross.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18German.
0:19:19 > 0:19:20Yes, you're right.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23It's a German World War I Iron Cross.
0:19:23 > 0:19:24What's the Iron Cross?
0:19:24 > 0:19:27When it started off, it was actually a very, very great honour.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30But in order to improve morale,
0:19:30 > 0:19:33more and more people got the Iron Cross towards the end of the war.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35It is an Iron Cross and I'm going to give you the point
0:19:35 > 0:19:38because I was going to ask you, in supplementary,
0:19:38 > 0:19:41what sort of level of medal was it,
0:19:41 > 0:19:44but there were over 5 million given out
0:19:44 > 0:19:47at the time of the First World War.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49All right, so your fourth question here.
0:19:49 > 0:19:54What is the connection, then, between these two objects?
0:19:54 > 0:19:58Is it Doris's husband's medal? Doris's family connection?
0:19:58 > 0:20:02No, that would have been an amazing connection! You're taking the connection too far, there.
0:20:02 > 0:20:07These are two exhibits that the museum has of both...
0:20:07 > 0:20:10- About the Jewish contribution to war?- Yes.
0:20:10 > 0:20:15But, effectively, these are a measure of how most Jewish people put
0:20:15 > 0:20:18citizenship in a different box to faith.
0:20:18 > 0:20:21The Iron Cross, this one that we're looking at,
0:20:21 > 0:20:25was won by a Jewish soldier named Wilhelm Bowman.
0:20:25 > 0:20:30And it was one of 30,000 Jewish servicemen who were awarded
0:20:30 > 0:20:32the Iron Cross in World War I.
0:20:32 > 0:20:37Well, you sailed through that, you got your entire four points.
0:20:37 > 0:20:40Let's go and see how the others get on.
0:20:42 > 0:20:44'It's the same challenge for Kate and Simon.
0:20:44 > 0:20:48'Answer four questions and connect to the museum's objects.'
0:20:52 > 0:20:56Right, we are treating this as one exhibit,
0:20:56 > 0:20:59and this as one exhibit.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01I have four questions.
0:21:02 > 0:21:05We are going to answer them one by one.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08And they sort of connect, like a sort of daisy-chain.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10But if you can put them, one, two, three, four,
0:21:10 > 0:21:12- then you'll get your four points. - OK.
0:21:12 > 0:21:17And the first question is, what is the general purpose...
0:21:17 > 0:21:19of these pictures?
0:21:21 > 0:21:23To tell the stories of the Jews in England?
0:21:23 > 0:21:27We think it might be to tell the story of the Jews' return to England.
0:21:27 > 0:21:30That's what we are guessing. Just because of the era.
0:21:30 > 0:21:35- It looks like... Looking at the dress. - OK, what era do you think that is?
0:21:35 > 0:21:38We think it is probably a Cromwellian era.
0:21:38 > 0:21:41- Since the Jews did return to... - So 17th century?- Yes.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45- 1656, the Jews returned to... - Cromwell decided...
0:21:45 > 0:21:46OK, I'm going to stop you,
0:21:46 > 0:21:51because you're barking up the wrong tree there.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54- They're simply a memento mori.- OK.
0:21:54 > 0:21:58So, Kate, you know what a memento mori is. Would you explain that?
0:21:58 > 0:22:01It is to remind people on Earth that death can always come to us,
0:22:01 > 0:22:03so we must always be thinking about death.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06And that is a particularly Christian idea,
0:22:06 > 0:22:09but here it has been given a Jewish slant.
0:22:09 > 0:22:14So this is a wealthy young merchant, a Dutch merchant, confronting,
0:22:14 > 0:22:17in the first picture, a corpse, or death.
0:22:17 > 0:22:21And this is the first, or overall, purpose of all three pictures.
0:22:21 > 0:22:22So can you tell me
0:22:22 > 0:22:27therefore what you think is the message of the second picture?
0:22:27 > 0:22:31Yes. It looks like he is Abraham, he is sacrificing...
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- Is that about...- Abraham sacrificing...- Isaac?
0:22:34 > 0:22:39On the left-hand side... people are sewing, growing...
0:22:39 > 0:22:41Creating the promised land?
0:22:41 > 0:22:45OK, so tell me, what is the instructive value of this
0:22:45 > 0:22:46one in the middle, do you think?
0:22:46 > 0:22:50- Obey God and you will be rewarded with plenty.- Exactly. Well done.
0:22:50 > 0:22:52You've got your point there.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54The message here is, follow God's law
0:22:54 > 0:22:58and you will prosper in this world and in the next, OK.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01This is your third question. What is the one at the bottom telling us?
0:23:01 > 0:23:05I think it is saying to you, you'll be judged,
0:23:05 > 0:23:07you will be rewarded if you're good.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10And if you're a good man, you'll flourish like this palm tree.
0:23:10 > 0:23:13And there is the scales of justice, where you are good and bad.
0:23:13 > 0:23:14They're going to be weighed up.
0:23:14 > 0:23:17Now, I'm puzzled here because you were both...
0:23:17 > 0:23:19You got the principle, which is to be good,
0:23:19 > 0:23:24but effectively this is about paying attention to the Word of God,
0:23:24 > 0:23:27- and this is about paying attention to your...- Fellow man.
0:23:27 > 0:23:29fellow man.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33- So you have two... - I think we sort of got that.
0:23:33 > 0:23:36I'm going to be, because it is about charity, I'm going to be
0:23:36 > 0:23:39charitable at this point, and I'm going to give you two points.
0:23:39 > 0:23:43And finally, how is it related to this other object from another
0:23:43 > 0:23:47- part of the museum? - Can we look it at?- Do, yes, come and have a look at it. OK.
0:23:47 > 0:23:51Well, it's got Hebrew written on it. It looks like a comb.
0:23:51 > 0:23:53Would it be connected to the life of a working Jew?
0:23:53 > 0:23:55I'm sorry, I'm going to have to ask you,
0:23:55 > 0:23:58what is your final opinion, your answer to that connection?
0:23:58 > 0:24:02Is it the comb for a furrier to prepare the furs?
0:24:02 > 0:24:05- Not to prepare furs.- No?- No.
0:24:05 > 0:24:09Is it to groom the beard of a religious Jewish male?
0:24:09 > 0:24:12No, that's another good idea, but it isn't.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14No, it is actually to groom a corpse.
0:24:14 > 0:24:19It is to groom somebody in preparation for a funeral,
0:24:19 > 0:24:23and then you have a few useful little sort of itty-bitty Swiss knife
0:24:23 > 0:24:27type tools here to sort of, I don't know, clean-up the fingernails.
0:24:27 > 0:24:31- How disgusting. - So, really, these three are
0:24:31 > 0:24:33a warning of death, and these were used
0:24:33 > 0:24:37for death, and death is what I was looking for, and you didn't get it.
0:24:37 > 0:24:41So, unfortunately, that means I can only give you two points,
0:24:41 > 0:24:43and we now need to join the others.
0:24:48 > 0:24:51Well, during that, Simon and Kate,
0:24:51 > 0:24:52you got two points.
0:24:54 > 0:24:59But Jacky and Lars got four points, which means that Simon
0:24:59 > 0:25:02and Kate, you are with nine, and Jacky and Lars have got 15.
0:25:02 > 0:25:03But it is time to see
0:25:03 > 0:25:06if we can even this up a bit with a round that takes us
0:25:06 > 0:25:09through a bit more of the collection here, with some quickfire questions.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12So buzz in, and buzz in quickly. Have a look at this.
0:25:12 > 0:25:15- What trade was this...- I think that is used in the tailoring trade. - BUZZER
0:25:15 > 0:25:17In the tailoring trade. Correct.
0:25:17 > 0:25:20This is a register, made to measure Sabbath donations to the
0:25:20 > 0:25:23Great Synagogue. Why the thread? BUZZER
0:25:23 > 0:25:26I think it is because Jews weren't allowed to handle money on the
0:25:26 > 0:25:29Sabbath, so the thread is there to show how much everyone has donated.
0:25:29 > 0:25:34Correct. This is Sir David Salomons, in 1855...
0:25:34 > 0:25:36BUZZER
0:25:36 > 0:25:40- He was the first Lord Mayor of London.- The first Lord Mayor?
0:25:40 > 0:25:41The first Jewish Lord Mayor.
0:25:41 > 0:25:44I know that is what you meant to say, so I'm going to give you the point.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47Look at this. Which ritual are these used in?
0:25:47 > 0:25:49BUZZER Jacky.
0:25:49 > 0:25:52- Circumcision.- Circumcision, correct.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Here is a porcelain Passover cup,
0:25:55 > 0:25:58but what is the special function of its design?
0:25:58 > 0:26:00BUZZER Lars.
0:26:00 > 0:26:02To prevent your moustache getting wet.
0:26:02 > 0:26:05It is a moustache cup, designed to prevent drips.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08So this is an elegy written in Hebrew in 1806 mourning
0:26:08 > 0:26:11the death of which national hero? BUZZER
0:26:11 > 0:26:14- It has to be Nelson.- It is Nelson.
0:26:14 > 0:26:18Indeed. This is the Book of Esther, in the form of a scroll, to celebrate Purim.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21But what is the significance of this fish?
0:26:21 > 0:26:23BUZZER
0:26:23 > 0:26:26It is that Purim, or the festival of Esther, takes place
0:26:26 > 0:26:29in the month of Pisces, which is... Pisces is a fish.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31It is a sign of the zodiac, yes.
0:26:31 > 0:26:35The two Jewish peddlers, made around 1760,
0:26:35 > 0:26:36by which fac... BUZZER
0:26:36 > 0:26:39- Derby.- By the Derby factory.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42So, can you tell me what is written on this panel?
0:26:42 > 0:26:43BUZZER
0:26:43 > 0:26:47- Jacky was first, I'm afraid.- The Ten Commandments.- The Ten Commandments.
0:26:47 > 0:26:50Where does this baby's good luck amulet come from?
0:26:50 > 0:26:53BUZZER
0:26:53 > 0:26:56- Iran.- Iran. Not Iran. - Morocco.- Morocco.
0:26:56 > 0:27:01Well done, you've got a point there. So what do these numbers represent?
0:27:01 > 0:27:03BUZZER I think you were first there, Kate.
0:27:03 > 0:27:08This is the Omer scroll that counts down the length of time
0:27:08 > 0:27:12between Passover festival and then the Shavuot festival.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15Yes, this is a quick round, so that's absolutely fine. Good.
0:27:15 > 0:27:20- I'll just keep talking!- Can you tell me, who is this stout fellow?
0:27:20 > 0:27:21BUZZER
0:27:21 > 0:27:25- That's Daniel Mendoza. - Daniel Mendoza, the prize-fighter.
0:27:25 > 0:27:29And can you tell me, when is this belt worn?
0:27:29 > 0:27:31BUZZER
0:27:31 > 0:27:34- That's a marriage belt. - It is a marriage belt, correct.
0:27:34 > 0:27:38HOOTER That hooter tells us we've reached the end of our competition,
0:27:38 > 0:27:41and it is closing time here at the Quizeum.
0:27:41 > 0:27:43Which of our teams will get a season ticket,
0:27:43 > 0:27:46and which will be left trapped overnight in the toilet?
0:27:46 > 0:27:49It is time to reveal our final scores.
0:27:49 > 0:27:52It's very close, but Simon and Kate,
0:27:52 > 0:27:55you got 17 points in total.
0:27:56 > 0:28:00But Jacky and Lars, you got 20, and you clinched it,
0:28:00 > 0:28:03clinched it...just. I thought you were going to catch up.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06- We did well, we did well in catching up.- You all did very well.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10Thank you to our hosts here at the Jewish Museum London, in Camden Town.
0:28:10 > 0:28:12For over 80 years, this establishment has presented
0:28:12 > 0:28:15an extraordinary insight into Jewish belief, life and history,
0:28:15 > 0:28:19and we've done our best to match them. In half an hour.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22But sadly, we must now take our leave. Goodbye.