0:00:05 > 0:00:08Masks, amulets, costumes and crowns,
0:00:08 > 0:00:10taxidermy, skeletons and idols.
0:00:10 > 0:00:14All human life, and indeed animal life as well, appears to be
0:00:14 > 0:00:18here at the Horniman Museum in south-east London.
0:00:18 > 0:00:21And today it's host to The Quizeum.
0:00:32 > 0:00:37Welcome to an exotic adventure, here in darkest Forest Hill.
0:00:37 > 0:00:41We are in the shadow of a slightly overstuffed Odobenus rosmarus.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45The Horniman walrus who dominates the Natural History galleries,
0:00:45 > 0:00:48here where we sit. And coming up, an eclectic and stimulating
0:00:48 > 0:00:50collection of musical instruments, life instruments,
0:00:50 > 0:00:56even death instruments, incorporating magic, ritual, sound and fury.
0:00:56 > 0:01:01Ready for four rounds of really difficult...knotty,
0:01:01 > 0:01:02horribly disconcerting,
0:01:02 > 0:01:08gnomic and impenetrable questions on all subjects are our teams.
0:01:08 > 0:01:13Long-serving Quizeum fixture, but in no way overstuffed himself,
0:01:13 > 0:01:15Lars Tharp.
0:01:15 > 0:01:16HE LAUGHS
0:01:16 > 0:01:18Lars is joined today by biologist, diver
0:01:18 > 0:01:21and wildlife presenter Miranda Krestovnikoff.
0:01:21 > 0:01:25Now, Miranda is also a flutist for the New Bristol Sinfonia Orchestra
0:01:25 > 0:01:28and has presented the BBC Proms. And Lars is an accomplished cellist.
0:01:28 > 0:01:32So I expect you are both hoping for some questions on the huge
0:01:32 > 0:01:36- collection of musical instruments here, aren't you?- Please.- Some hope.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39Don't look at me, I'm not giving anything away.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Facing them are regular team leader and art expert Nina Ramirez.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45She's joined forces with our go-to globetrotter
0:01:45 > 0:01:48and ethnographic whizz kid Benedict Allen.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51And I expect you two are hoping for questions about the High Renaissance
0:01:51 > 0:01:56- art of Papa New Guinea.- Yes.- So do you have any musical skills, Nina?
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- I dabble a bit on the bass guitar. - Oh, good.
0:01:59 > 0:02:01So you'll recognise some of the musical instruments...
0:02:01 > 0:02:03- I will have a go.- Of course.
0:02:03 > 0:02:08And the Horniman is a sort of museum of old school charm, I think,
0:02:08 > 0:02:12- don't you think, Benedict? - Yes, I love its eclecticness.
0:02:12 > 0:02:14It seems very random, sort of...
0:02:14 > 0:02:16- A man's passions are here.- Yeah.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19It's really worth a visit. And it's great that we are here
0:02:19 > 0:02:21because we are going to go on to our first round.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23Fingers on the buzzers to win one point
0:02:23 > 0:02:27and first go at a more difficult specialist question worth two.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Now, have a look at this from Nigeria.
0:02:29 > 0:02:33Can you tell me, who are the figures to either side of the policeman here?
0:02:33 > 0:02:35BUZZER
0:02:35 > 0:02:40- Nina.- It looks like Princess Anne. But I don't think it is. - SHE LAUGHS
0:02:40 > 0:02:43Princess Anne. It is not Princess Anne.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46So I'm handing it over to the other side. Do you want to have a guess?
0:02:46 > 0:02:49He looks like Claude Rains in Casablanca, which would mean that
0:02:49 > 0:02:54the man in the middle has walked on stage in the wrong part of the film.
0:02:54 > 0:02:55It looks like a woman in the middle.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Claude Rains is a good guess, but in fact you were closer, Nina,
0:02:58 > 0:03:01- because it is Charles and Diana.- Oh!
0:03:01 > 0:03:03So we are staying with this object
0:03:03 > 0:03:05because we didn't get a right answer there.
0:03:05 > 0:03:10So what kind of dress is Diana wearing in this?
0:03:10 > 0:03:11BUZZER
0:03:11 > 0:03:14- Nina.- A wedding dress. - A wedding dress, correct.- Yes!
0:03:14 > 0:03:16You do get the specialist question.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19OK, and this object is going to come in.
0:03:19 > 0:03:21All right, here's your question.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24This is a preacher who journeyed the equivalent of ten times
0:03:24 > 0:03:28around the world...in the 18th century. Who is he?
0:03:28 > 0:03:34And why is this an appropriate image?
0:03:34 > 0:03:36- Well...- 18th century.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39Benedict just said that this is made of a vertebra.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43Is it part of a...
0:03:43 > 0:03:45- whale perhaps?- Not...
0:03:45 > 0:03:48Or a big creature that travels around the world.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52I'm going to have to give you, very carefully, the question again.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55He journeyed the equivalent of ten times
0:03:55 > 0:03:57around the world in the 18th century.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59The equivalent of ten times around the globe.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05You've sort of identified only that it's a vertebra.
0:04:05 > 0:04:07I'm coming over to Lars now,
0:04:07 > 0:04:10who is desperate to come in with an estimate of what it is.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13- He has a methodical look about him. - Ah!
0:04:13 > 0:04:16And I think it is one of the two Wesleys.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19- One of the two Wesleys, so you're going to take...- John.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23John Wesley, completely correct. Well done.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26So it is John Wesley, and the vertebra of wherefore?
0:04:26 > 0:04:31The only indigenous British animal I can think of would be an ox,
0:04:31 > 0:04:33or a horse. But it is too big for a horse.
0:04:33 > 0:04:38It is not too big for a horse. It's a horse. It's a horse.
0:04:38 > 0:04:41So I'm going to give you two points for that, I think.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44John Wesley was the co-founder, of course, of Methodism.
0:04:44 > 0:04:49And it is claimed that he rode 250,000 miles around Britain,
0:04:49 > 0:04:52preaching 40,000 sermons,
0:04:52 > 0:04:55travelling on the back of a horse.
0:04:55 > 0:04:58And his image here is painted on the vertebra of a horse,
0:04:58 > 0:05:01and it is apparently quite a good likeness.
0:05:01 > 0:05:03THEY LAUGH
0:05:03 > 0:05:06So, stand by for another opening question.
0:05:06 > 0:05:11The instrument here saw youth in compositions by Handel,
0:05:11 > 0:05:14Berlioz, Mozart and Wagner amongst others.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18It's a serpent, but which instrument
0:05:18 > 0:05:21has supplanted it in the orchestra?
0:05:21 > 0:05:22BELL AND BUZZER
0:05:22 > 0:05:24You were first, Lars.
0:05:24 > 0:05:29The ophicleide... and thence a brass instrument,
0:05:29 > 0:05:31which would be a tuba.
0:05:31 > 0:05:35Well, the answer I have on my card
0:05:35 > 0:05:39- is not an ophicleide but in fact a tuba.- Yes.
0:05:39 > 0:05:44So you get your specialist question here. Have a look at this object.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48This dates from the mid-17th century.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52Why did this and its occupant
0:05:52 > 0:05:54come in differing weights?
0:05:56 > 0:06:02- Well, of course, immediately it looks like the top of an outside privy.- Mm-hm.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04But it isn't.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06It's a cangue, it's a cangue,
0:06:06 > 0:06:11which were portable stocks for malefactors in China.
0:06:11 > 0:06:12What was it called again?
0:06:12 > 0:06:15- A cangue.- A cangue. - It's like a shirt collar.
0:06:15 > 0:06:16So you've identified it's a cangue.
0:06:16 > 0:06:21But can you tell me why it came in different weights?
0:06:21 > 0:06:25Well, there would be different weights for...appropriate to the
0:06:25 > 0:06:27- punishment.- OK, good. So you get the point there.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31But why might it, as it were, the owner
0:06:31 > 0:06:35or the recipient of the cangue also come in different weights?
0:06:37 > 0:06:41Well, they didn't differentiate malefactors by their height.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44So they wouldn't have differentiated them by their weight.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48No, because there's another value to this punishment.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- I'm going to pass it over to Nina. - What I'm thinking is...
0:06:52 > 0:06:55He said he is leaving me to it now. If they come...
0:06:55 > 0:06:57If the person was bigger and stronger,
0:06:57 > 0:07:00could they pull themselves free? So they had to be sturdier.
0:07:00 > 0:07:04No, that is a good idea. But that is not the reason why it had an effect on people's weight.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07- No other suggestions?- The people...
0:07:07 > 0:07:10No, it is just simply that you cannot feed yourself.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13However much food you've got down here, you're not in a position to
0:07:13 > 0:07:17reach around the cangue to actually serve yourself any food.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20And it is indeed a punishment device, so you were right there,
0:07:20 > 0:07:23and I'm going to give you one point for that.
0:07:23 > 0:07:28The writing on this cangue indicates it was used in Shanghai.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32It lists also the date of the prisoner's release.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36And I'm not sure even...if an even worse form of punishment,
0:07:36 > 0:07:38the occupant could even read that.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41So he was probably going, "I'm going to be out of here soon." LAUGHTER
0:07:41 > 0:07:45- "How long have I got?"- "How long have I got left? I can't quite...
0:07:45 > 0:07:47"I can't even look at the date on my watch."
0:07:47 > 0:07:50But anyway, onto another question. Over to both teams.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Fingers on the buzzers. Now, have a look at this
0:07:53 > 0:07:56image painted on fabric.
0:07:56 > 0:08:00What celestial event does it depict?
0:08:00 > 0:08:02BELL
0:08:02 > 0:08:06- Lars.- It is an eclipse. - It is an eclipse.
0:08:06 > 0:08:11It shows the demon Kala Rahu eating the sun.
0:08:11 > 0:08:14And it is from Bali, in fact.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17That means you get the specialist question.
0:08:19 > 0:08:23This is a sculpture by the Mah Meri people
0:08:23 > 0:08:27of Carey Island in Malaysia.
0:08:27 > 0:08:32What creature do you think it represents?
0:08:32 > 0:08:37And why might you have to pay about 15,000
0:08:37 > 0:08:41for a quart of this creature's blood today?
0:08:45 > 0:08:47Is it a horseshoe crab?
0:08:47 > 0:08:51It's a horseshoe crab, correct.
0:08:51 > 0:08:55What can you tell us about the horseshoe crab?
0:08:55 > 0:08:59They meet en masse at a certain time of the moon, I think it is
0:08:59 > 0:09:00probably full moon.
0:09:00 > 0:09:04Where huge numbers gather on the beaches, where they breed
0:09:04 > 0:09:07and scatter all their eggs.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11And then a lot of them die, or just migrate back into the water.
0:09:11 > 0:09:12But I don't know why...
0:09:12 > 0:09:15Why would you pay up to
0:09:15 > 0:09:2015,000 for a quart
0:09:20 > 0:09:24of a horseshoe crab's blood?
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- But a crab doesn't have blood. - A crab does have blood.
0:09:27 > 0:09:33- But not like our blood.- It is different. That's significant.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36- Is it fertility?- It is not to do with fertility.
0:09:36 > 0:09:40You've got one point, you've certainly identified it as the horseshoe crab.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42I'm going to ask over here. Do you know... Does this ring a bell?
0:09:42 > 0:09:45It's one of those stories that you might know about.
0:09:45 > 0:09:47I just seem to remember there was a medical side to it all,
0:09:47 > 0:09:49and it is to do with immunity, or it is to do with...
0:09:49 > 0:09:52I think I can give you that point, indeed.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56What happens is, they harvest the blood, and the blood is blue,
0:09:56 > 0:09:58a bright baby blue.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02And that blood is used to check
0:10:02 > 0:10:05the sort of sterility of intravenous drugs
0:10:05 > 0:10:08and things like pacemakers and everything, because they can
0:10:08 > 0:10:14test whether there are toxins in the blood by using the crab's blood.
0:10:14 > 0:10:17So, if you've ever had a flu injection,
0:10:17 > 0:10:21the safety of that injection is dependent on the horseshoe crab
0:10:21 > 0:10:23being hauled out of the sea and bled.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26And after that, they give him a cup of tea and a biscuit,
0:10:26 > 0:10:29and then sent back to the wild. THEY LAUGH
0:10:29 > 0:10:34Feeling a little bit tired. But... Between you, you got closer.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38You got a point each...for that. Fingers on the buzzers, please,
0:10:38 > 0:10:40for another opening question.
0:10:40 > 0:10:44This is a type of device that's been used by humans for almost
0:10:44 > 0:10:4820,000 years. What is it?
0:10:48 > 0:10:49BUZZER
0:10:49 > 0:10:51I was going to say an amulet, but...
0:10:51 > 0:10:53It is not an amulet.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55So I'm going to have to hand it over to the other side.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58It's a primitive map of Cambridgeshire.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00THEY LAUGH
0:11:02 > 0:11:04I was going to say, it is English,
0:11:04 > 0:11:06but there's a little bit of a giveaway.
0:11:06 > 0:11:11It comes from about 1900, and it is probably about this big.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13OK, I'm going to give you a big clue here.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16Let's imagine that you get the end of the bit of string, you can
0:11:16 > 0:11:19- see it is merely baling twine, and you... BENEDICT:- Bullroarer.
0:11:19 > 0:11:23It's a bullroarer, so I will give you the point there. Bullroarer.
0:11:23 > 0:11:26I've used many of these in New Guinea, you know.
0:11:26 > 0:11:28It was an initiation ceremony to make me a man,
0:11:28 > 0:11:29as strong as a crocodile.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32And one of our duties was to throw the bullroarer around.
0:11:32 > 0:11:34It makes this otherworldly noise,
0:11:34 > 0:11:36makes people who are outside the initiation area,
0:11:36 > 0:11:38the sort of sacred, secret area,
0:11:38 > 0:11:41feel that there is something beyond this world happening.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44I can't give you any more points because you got the point, but that's good.
0:11:44 > 0:11:49- So you get the specialist question. - Oh, wow!
0:11:49 > 0:11:50Wonderful.
0:11:50 > 0:11:55So, what was lost when this was made?
0:11:55 > 0:12:00And how was this found?
0:12:00 > 0:12:01Well, lost...
0:12:01 > 0:12:05Are they talking about the lost wax method of bronze production?
0:12:05 > 0:12:08OK, so you get the first point. Tell me about the lost wax method.
0:12:08 > 0:12:12You'd create a mould out of wax, and craft all your detail,
0:12:12 > 0:12:15and then, when you came to cast the mould, it would get such high heats
0:12:15 > 0:12:21that the wax would melt away and leave you the cast for making...
0:12:21 > 0:12:25That is correct. So how was this found?
0:12:25 > 0:12:28That's to say, how did it find itself here?
0:12:28 > 0:12:30Well, I imagine it was
0:12:30 > 0:12:35because of the British punitive expedition of 1897, I think.
0:12:35 > 0:12:39The British decided to give West Africa a bit of a hammering,
0:12:39 > 0:12:44and Benin in particular, and there were great accounts written by the Portuguese,
0:12:44 > 0:12:46the Dutch of these extraordinary kingdoms.
0:12:46 > 0:12:50Originally, Europeans thought Africans couldn't possibly
0:12:50 > 0:12:52have created art of this sort themselves,
0:12:52 > 0:12:56it must come from Arabia, it must come from the earliest Europeans.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58But the Africans, sure enough,
0:12:58 > 0:13:01had discovered this process of working with bronze.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04Actually, this would have been brass, although they are called Benin bronzes.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08And the British looted the palaces and stripped the walls,
0:13:08 > 0:13:12brought back this sort of stuff. And it was sold all over the place. The British Museum ended
0:13:12 > 0:13:15up with some, the Horniman Museum, all sorts of museums around Europe.
0:13:15 > 0:13:18That is a very complete and full answer,
0:13:18 > 0:13:21and I think it gets you the full two points.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23Well, at the end of the round, we have to see what scores
0:13:23 > 0:13:26the teams have notched up on their tally sticks.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29And, Lars, Miranda, you've got six points.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- Nina and Benedict, you are just behind with five.- Oh!
0:13:32 > 0:13:34But you really caught up at the end,
0:13:34 > 0:13:37because at one point you only had one point, and they had six points.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41But you came storming back, so it is very, very close now,
0:13:41 > 0:13:43as we move onto the next round,
0:13:43 > 0:13:47bringing two mysterious objects out of the vaults and onto our table.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50And the question is, what on earth are they?
0:13:50 > 0:13:52We are going to hear two explanations,
0:13:52 > 0:13:55but only one of them is actually true.
0:13:55 > 0:13:57It is up to the other team to decide,
0:13:57 > 0:14:00using magic or divination...
0:14:00 > 0:14:05auguries or just sheer cunning, which is right.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07Three points if you get it.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10Nina and Benedict, we'll hear from you first.
0:14:13 > 0:14:15- Benedict, off you go.- Yes.
0:14:15 > 0:14:19Imagine, if you will, you live in the remotest parts of Eastern Europe
0:14:19 > 0:14:23and you suddenly find your cow is not producing enough milk.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25You think, "Uh-oh, something is going on here,
0:14:25 > 0:14:29"some bit of witchery is happening."
0:14:29 > 0:14:34And this is actually an Eastern European cow unbewitcher.
0:14:34 > 0:14:37You pass it over the teat of your cow and try
0:14:37 > 0:14:42and get rid of all the witchery, and in fact the last big witch trial
0:14:42 > 0:14:45was about this process of robbing your neighbour's milk.
0:14:45 > 0:14:49And the last two women burnt at the stake were
0:14:49 > 0:14:52because of this very activity.
0:14:52 > 0:14:55Nina, do you have another explanation for it?
0:14:55 > 0:15:00I do. This is also from sort of Eastern Europe.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02The second half of the 19th century.
0:15:02 > 0:15:07And connected with the salt mines in Wieliczka.
0:15:07 > 0:15:11Salt was very precious, like gold,
0:15:11 > 0:15:14and so in the depths of these mines,
0:15:14 > 0:15:18the salt was arranged in linen, rolled in linen
0:15:18 > 0:15:20and to get the depth right, like an ingot of gold,
0:15:20 > 0:15:23it was passed through this measure.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26So, there we are. It's either...
0:15:26 > 0:15:29a measure for salt,
0:15:29 > 0:15:31or an udder repairer.
0:15:32 > 0:15:34Which do you think?
0:15:35 > 0:15:38They're both equally implausible, aren't they?
0:15:38 > 0:15:41It looks like the thing I've got for measuring spaghetti at home.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43When you want to do full portions of spaghetti,
0:15:43 > 0:15:46- you put it through there.- Yes. - I don't think it is the salt thing.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50I think to pull a sausage of salt through that would actually be
0:15:50 > 0:15:55quite difficult. I think the old pliant udder thing is more likely.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57- If...- Now, I'm going to have to force you to make a choice...
0:15:57 > 0:15:59Are you going for the udder?
0:15:59 > 0:16:02- I'm going to go with udders. - Up and udder.
0:16:02 > 0:16:04It's up and udder. OK.
0:16:04 > 0:16:08Is it a teat unbewitcher, Benedict?
0:16:08 > 0:16:11It is indeed a teat unbewitcher.
0:16:11 > 0:16:15Yes, that was a Polish cow unbewitcher.
0:16:15 > 0:16:19If your cow had been bewitched, you had to get your hands on one
0:16:19 > 0:16:24of these, and then Daisy was back to producing nothing but gold top.
0:16:24 > 0:16:26But we have another object coming in,
0:16:26 > 0:16:29and let's see how the other team get on.
0:16:32 > 0:16:36- Lars, off you go. - Prepare yourself for some Mozart.
0:16:36 > 0:16:39HE HUMS MOZART'S OVERTURE TO THE ABDUCTION FROM THE SERAGLIO, K 384
0:16:42 > 0:16:44You see, Mozart there, as you can tell,
0:16:44 > 0:16:48is imitating the Janissary band of the seraglio.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51And if you've ever been to Constantinople, Istanbul,
0:16:51 > 0:16:54they have these big sticks with symbols on
0:16:54 > 0:16:57and they're all dangly, dangly, dangly bits with chimes.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01And when Mr Horniman was in that part of the world, he took a fancy to this,
0:17:01 > 0:17:03because he collects musical instruments,
0:17:03 > 0:17:06and he said, "I wouldn't mind some of those jangly bits."
0:17:06 > 0:17:08Obviously, it was a difficult thing to do,
0:17:08 > 0:17:12so he only came away with quite a small string, but he thought
0:17:12 > 0:17:16that was enough to represent the Janissaries on their
0:17:16 > 0:17:19- "jing, jing, jing."- I see, OK.
0:17:19 > 0:17:24So, Miranda, you have another idea for us about what they might be.
0:17:24 > 0:17:28Well, these items are actually from an Iranian nail bar.
0:17:28 > 0:17:31We don't know the date, but they are made of silver.
0:17:31 > 0:17:34And in the days where the ladies of the harem
0:17:34 > 0:17:39had their nails painted, they also had their toes painted with henna.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42These are actually silver toe separators.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45So the lady would go and she would balance her foot
0:17:45 > 0:17:50on an alabaster or marble stone, and the toe spacers would
0:17:50 > 0:17:54be inserted, and somebody would paint the henna on her toes.
0:17:54 > 0:17:59OK. So you either have an Iranian toe spacer...
0:17:59 > 0:18:02or an Ottoman tinkle.
0:18:02 > 0:18:05Lars looks so pleased with himself. What does that mean?
0:18:05 > 0:18:09- I think...- Look at him grinning away.- I think... I think.
0:18:09 > 0:18:11- I'll go with you. What do you think?- No, don't.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14It's... I'm going with Lars, only just because I think people who
0:18:14 > 0:18:17use henna know what they're doing, I don't think you need to separate...
0:18:17 > 0:18:20- I think we will go with Lars. - You're going to go with Lars.
0:18:20 > 0:18:22Lars, are you right?
0:18:23 > 0:18:27- No.- No!
0:18:27 > 0:18:29Yes, I'm so sorry to say.
0:18:29 > 0:18:33- Do you not have a silver toe spacer at home?- Congratulations to you two.
0:18:33 > 0:18:36Iranian toes spacers.
0:18:36 > 0:18:41Made in silver. Very old, very rare.
0:18:41 > 0:18:45OK, that's the end of the round, so time to look at how that
0:18:45 > 0:18:49altered the scores and, Nina and Benedict, you are stuck at five.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52You didn't get the toe spacers.
0:18:52 > 0:18:56So, Lars and Miranda, who managed to work out the cow unbewitcher,
0:18:56 > 0:18:58have gone up to nine.
0:18:58 > 0:19:01But we come to a parting of the ways, we're going to venture abroad
0:19:01 > 0:19:04and take a guided tour. Nina and Benedict, you are first up.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06I'm bringing you and two objects together, and I'm planning to
0:19:06 > 0:19:10ask three questions, ultimately seeking the connection between them.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13And there are three possible points to be gained here.
0:19:16 > 0:19:21So, OK. There are these two objects here. There's this object here.
0:19:21 > 0:19:24We are going to start by looking at the figure.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28It was bought by the museum's founder, Frederick Horniman, in Calcutta.
0:19:28 > 0:19:32What does it portray?
0:19:32 > 0:19:34I'm really going to struggle with this.
0:19:34 > 0:19:37I believe that this is...
0:19:37 > 0:19:40It is Hindu, in as much as you've got Shiva represented.
0:19:40 > 0:19:44- Is that right?- Yes. - And this is, I think, a goddess.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47I can't remember the name. It is something...
0:19:47 > 0:19:50- Something beginning with K? Help me out.- Kali.- Kali? No.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52Benedict, you are quite right.
0:19:52 > 0:19:56The two of you are working together very well. So, Kali?
0:19:56 > 0:20:00Kali is a goddess of...
0:20:00 > 0:20:03death, of revenge, of anger.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06- Um...- Darkness.- Darkness.- Emptiness.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10- Emptiness.- Yes. And you're quite right, this is Shiva.- Shiva, yes.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13So what do you think Shiva is doing,
0:20:13 > 0:20:17here with Kali, who is his consort?
0:20:17 > 0:20:21Is this something to do with movement from life to death?
0:20:21 > 0:20:25- Is this some sort of transition between this?- No, it is not. No.
0:20:25 > 0:20:29This is Kali, who has just
0:20:29 > 0:20:32saved the world from a demon,
0:20:32 > 0:20:34by swallowing the demon.
0:20:34 > 0:20:37Every time she swallowed the demon, or bit a bit off him,
0:20:37 > 0:20:391,000 demons would rise up.
0:20:39 > 0:20:42That's one of the reasons that's given for her tongue hanging out,
0:20:42 > 0:20:46because she's licking up the blood of those demons.
0:20:46 > 0:20:49And yet she conquers the demon,
0:20:49 > 0:20:53she goes into such an ecstasy that she starts dancing.
0:20:53 > 0:20:57And Shiva has to lie down in order to prevent her
0:20:57 > 0:21:00destroying the world with her dancing.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04So I thought you did pretty well by identifying Kali and Shiva.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06So I'm definitely going to give you a point for that.
0:21:06 > 0:21:11So, your second question is, where was this money
0:21:11 > 0:21:14- legal tender?- Chinese.
0:21:14 > 0:21:17Chinese, yes. Early money.
0:21:17 > 0:21:21These themselves aren't early, they are modern.
0:21:21 > 0:21:24They are actually pretend money. Is this possible?
0:21:24 > 0:21:28It is a sort of symbolic money that you give to a god, goddess
0:21:28 > 0:21:31for appeasement or for... as an offering.
0:21:31 > 0:21:34- But it is not real.- That is absolutely correct.- Well done, you.
0:21:34 > 0:21:36So they are not...
0:21:36 > 0:21:40It is not real money, it is fake money, so where was it legal tender?
0:21:40 > 0:21:44- In the afterlife.- In the afterlife. In the other world. Well done.
0:21:44 > 0:21:47Yes, you get two points for that, that is exactly what it is.
0:21:47 > 0:21:51- It is known as hell money. - Hell money.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55Because people became confused about the idea of the afterlife.
0:21:55 > 0:21:58They were told by missionaries they would go to hell,
0:21:58 > 0:22:00so they confused their own afterlife with hell,
0:22:00 > 0:22:06because hell is in fact the court that dead people go to.
0:22:06 > 0:22:09Their life is looked into by the Lord of the Earthly Court,
0:22:09 > 0:22:14Yan Wang, and it is thought that you might need money there.
0:22:14 > 0:22:19All right, so how do these two objects share the same beginning
0:22:19 > 0:22:23- and a similar end?- Birth and death, beginning and end?- No, not...
0:22:25 > 0:22:28I'm afraid it is not to do with anything to do with
0:22:28 > 0:22:32- their symbolic value, but just as objects.- How they were made.
0:22:32 > 0:22:36Well... Oh, God, is she papier-mache?
0:22:36 > 0:22:38THEY LAUGH
0:22:38 > 0:22:40I'm going to give you one point.
0:22:40 > 0:22:43- She is papier-mache. - OK, papier-mache.
0:22:43 > 0:22:48So there's your beginning sorted out, they are both made of paper.
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- Paper, right.- And what end did they both share?- Did they both burn?
0:22:54 > 0:22:59- Close enough. They are both made to be destroyed.- Yes!
0:22:59 > 0:23:02This going into the holy, to be washed away in the river.
0:23:02 > 0:23:06And these to be burnt. But anyway, well done.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10I'll give you all the points there. Let's go see how the others get on.
0:23:11 > 0:23:13'It's the same challenge.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17'Answer three questions to find the connection between two objects.'
0:23:21 > 0:23:26So, here we are in the collection of musical instruments.
0:23:26 > 0:23:29And we are going to link it with the natural world.
0:23:29 > 0:23:32But let's start with the keyboard instrument.
0:23:32 > 0:23:37The inscription translates as, "Sweetness accomplishes more
0:23:37 > 0:23:39"than violence."
0:23:39 > 0:23:43But why might that be particularly true of this instrument, Miranda?
0:23:45 > 0:23:50I'm trying to think what instrument that is, keyboard instrument.
0:23:50 > 0:23:52And I can't actually see the mechanism from here,
0:23:52 > 0:23:55so I can't really see how it is working.
0:23:55 > 0:23:58- The clue's up there, so it is a long way from you.- So there are hammers.
0:23:58 > 0:24:01It is a clavichord.
0:24:01 > 0:24:03And the difference between a clavichord
0:24:03 > 0:24:07and any other keyboard instrument is that the clavichord tangents
0:24:07 > 0:24:11actually touch the string, and stay touching on the string,
0:24:11 > 0:24:13whilst your finger is pressed on the key.
0:24:13 > 0:24:17- It is a much gentler sound. - That's completely correct, and you get your point for that.
0:24:17 > 0:24:19Here's your second question, Miranda.
0:24:19 > 0:24:25What is this, and what purpose do the chambers within the shells serve?
0:24:25 > 0:24:28This is a shell of a nautilus, and this is a sea creature.
0:24:28 > 0:24:30And these go way back in the fossil record,
0:24:30 > 0:24:35but the purpose of the different chambers are that the nautilus
0:24:35 > 0:24:38can flood those chambers and then evacuate them with water,
0:24:38 > 0:24:40and it acts rather like a submarine.
0:24:40 > 0:24:42So it can go up and down, within the water column,
0:24:42 > 0:24:45- by using those different chambers. - So, it is a buoyancy...
0:24:45 > 0:24:48- It is a buoyancy system. - Absolutely correct.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50That's one point to you for that.
0:24:50 > 0:24:56So, for your connection, what rhythm connects the shell...
0:24:57 > 0:24:59..and a keyboard instrument like this?
0:25:01 > 0:25:03- Rhythm?- What rhythm?- Rhythm?
0:25:03 > 0:25:06- Like...that sort of rhythm? - HE SNAPS A SYNCOPATED RHYTHM
0:25:06 > 0:25:09- Not rhythm like that.- Not a beat. - I'm afraid it's a bit of a pun here.
0:25:09 > 0:25:14Ah, it's a mathematical relationship, or rhythm.
0:25:14 > 0:25:16- Is it?- It is, yeah.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19There's got to be something to do with the size of those chambers
0:25:19 > 0:25:22as you go round the spiral, them getting bigger and bigger,
0:25:22 > 0:25:25and that must follow some sort of mathematical pattern, then.
0:25:25 > 0:25:29If we call that chamber A, and that B and C, etc,
0:25:29 > 0:25:32then the ratio between chamber A and B
0:25:32 > 0:25:35is the same as the ratio between B and C.
0:25:35 > 0:25:36In other words, it's an incremental,
0:25:36 > 0:25:39but it goes up in the same ratio each time.
0:25:39 > 0:25:41and the same applies to the scale.
0:25:41 > 0:25:44It is, indeed. Effectively, the rhythm I'm looking for,
0:25:44 > 0:25:48- the word I'm looking for is logarithm.- Oh, OK.
0:25:48 > 0:25:49It's a logarithmic scale.
0:25:49 > 0:25:51It's an exponential growth,
0:25:51 > 0:25:54so the shell grows with a consistent ratio,
0:25:54 > 0:25:56and so does a musical scale.
0:25:56 > 0:25:59Good, well done. So, you got your point there.
0:25:59 > 0:26:01So, you got all three points.
0:26:01 > 0:26:04Let's get back to the desk and add all those up, shall we?
0:26:05 > 0:26:07So, safely back in our seats.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10Well, you both got the three points,
0:26:10 > 0:26:13which means that, Lars and Miranda, you're there with 12,
0:26:13 > 0:26:15and, Nina and Benedict, you're there with eight.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18There's only four points separating you,
0:26:18 > 0:26:20and with that in mind, we enter our race to the finish,
0:26:20 > 0:26:23a last look around the collection. Fingers on the buzzers.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25First to get in gets the point.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28Have a look at this. In what form of transport might you use it?
0:26:28 > 0:26:31- BELL Lars.- It's a canoe bailer.
0:26:31 > 0:26:32- It's a canoe bailer.- Oh...
0:26:32 > 0:26:35OK, what is the name of this flightless bird?
0:26:35 > 0:26:37BELL AND BUZZER You were first, Lars.
0:26:37 > 0:26:38- Kiwi.- It's a Kiwi.
0:26:38 > 0:26:41Which continents do these masks come from?
0:26:41 > 0:26:43BUZZER
0:26:43 > 0:26:45- Europe.- From Europe. Well done. - Yes!- The Tyrol,
0:26:45 > 0:26:49spanning the border between southern Austria and northern Italy.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51What musical instrument is shown here?
0:26:51 > 0:26:53- BELL - Hurdy-gurdy.
0:26:53 > 0:26:55It's a hurdy-gurdy.
0:26:55 > 0:26:58In which country might this protect you from stones thrown
0:26:58 > 0:27:01in a game called Tinku?
0:27:01 > 0:27:03- BELL - Peru.- Peru, correct.
0:27:03 > 0:27:04So quick.
0:27:04 > 0:27:06Who wore these?
0:27:06 > 0:27:08- BUZZER - Inuit?
0:27:08 > 0:27:10Not Inuits, no.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12- Any guess?- Huskies.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14Huskies? Yes.
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Oh, what?
0:27:16 > 0:27:18As you can see, there are four of them.
0:27:18 > 0:27:21There are four delightful husky boots.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24Which festival would you use this sheep-shaped cake mould for?
0:27:24 > 0:27:26- BUZZER - Easter.- Easter, Nina.
0:27:26 > 0:27:28Which people made this Grey Mare?
0:27:28 > 0:27:31- BUZZER AND BELL Nina.- Welsh.- The Welsh people.
0:27:31 > 0:27:33OK, made in Portugal in the 19th-century,
0:27:33 > 0:27:35what is the style known as?
0:27:35 > 0:27:38- BELL - Palissy.- Palissy ware.
0:27:38 > 0:27:44In which fiercely tribal activity was this Ugandan object used?
0:27:44 > 0:27:46About this size. BELL
0:27:46 > 0:27:49- Is it some sort of football, or...? - Football, you're correct.
0:27:49 > 0:27:50It's a football.
0:27:50 > 0:27:52BULLROARER SOUNDS
0:27:52 > 0:27:55What the sound of my bullroarer tells us,
0:27:55 > 0:27:58is that this herd has to stop its lowing
0:27:58 > 0:28:00and wind slowly o'er the lea.
0:28:00 > 0:28:02We've reached the end of our competition, but before we go,
0:28:02 > 0:28:06we'd better heed the drowsy tinklings of the scores.
0:28:06 > 0:28:09Nina and Benedict, you got 11 points,
0:28:09 > 0:28:11but, Lars and Miranda, you win,
0:28:11 > 0:28:13with 19 points.
0:28:13 > 0:28:15- Congratulations. - Very well done, sir.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17We've got to leave the collection that was
0:28:17 > 0:28:19begun by Frederick John Horniman.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22It was all thanks to the value and freshness of a packaged tea,
0:28:22 > 0:28:25much admired by Nietzsche -
0:28:25 > 0:28:28the brew that gave birth to Zarathustra.
0:28:28 > 0:28:32Today, there are more like 300,000 items here,
0:28:32 > 0:28:36connecting Forest Hill directly with what is unfortunately
0:28:36 > 0:28:38a rapidly disappearing world,
0:28:38 > 0:28:42but we must disappear ourselves for another week, as well.
0:28:42 > 0:28:43Goodnight.