0:00:16 > 0:00:19APPLAUSE
0:00:21 > 0:00:25'Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.'
0:00:27 > 0:00:30Hello. It's the final tonight.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34We've asked 3,191 questions so far in this series
0:00:34 > 0:00:37and after months of furrowed brows, feverish whispering
0:00:37 > 0:00:41and answers ranging from the impressive to the utterly bonkers,
0:00:41 > 0:00:43we're left with the best two teams.
0:00:43 > 0:00:47In a little under half an hour, one of them will lift the trophy.
0:00:47 > 0:00:53Manchester have taken the scalps of Selwyn College, Cambridge, Christ Church, Oxford,
0:00:53 > 0:00:57Newcastle University, Clare College, Cambridge and Worcester College, Oxford.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Making their seventh appearance, let's meet the Manchester team one last time.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05I'm Luke Kelly from Kent and I'm studying history.
0:01:05 > 0:01:09I'm Michael McKenna from Lancashire and I'm studying biochemistry.
0:01:09 > 0:01:14- And their captain.- I'm Tristan Burke and I'm studying English literature.
0:01:14 > 0:01:16I'm Paul Joyce from Lancashire
0:01:16 > 0:01:20and I'm studying for a masters in social research methods and statistics.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22CHEERING
0:01:27 > 0:01:29The team from Pembroke College, Cambridge
0:01:29 > 0:01:32have reached the final without losing a single match.
0:01:32 > 0:01:36Their victims were St Anne's College, Oxford, Nottingham University,
0:01:36 > 0:01:41Balliol College, Oxford, Clare College, Cambridge and University College London.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45Let's meet again four young people hoping to become series champions.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48My name's Edward Bankes from Kent and I'm reading English.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51I'm Ben Pugh from north London. I read German and Russian.
0:01:51 > 0:01:57- And their captain. - I'm Bibek Mukherjee from Kent and I'm reading economics.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00I'm Imogen Gold from London and I'm reading engineering.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02CHEERING
0:02:07 > 0:02:11It's the final. You know the rules. Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your starter for 10.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Which field of study appears in the titles of novels by Henry Fielding,
0:02:15 > 0:02:17Charles Dickens and HG Wells?
0:02:17 > 0:02:23The title characters respectively are Tom Jones, David Copperfield and Mr Polly.
0:02:25 > 0:02:27- History.- Correct.
0:02:28 > 0:02:32The first set of bonuses are on a novel.
0:02:32 > 0:02:37Firstly for five. Give the author and the work of 1961 in which the following words appear:
0:02:37 > 0:02:40"One's prime is elusive. You little girls, when you grow up,
0:02:40 > 0:02:45"must be on the alert to recognise your prime at whatever time of your life it may occur."
0:02:45 > 0:02:48The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark.
0:02:48 > 0:02:53Correct. Spark writes that Miss Brodie's pupils knew the rudiments of astrology,
0:02:53 > 0:02:57but not the date of the Battle of Flodden or the capital of Finland.
0:02:57 > 0:03:02For five points, give me the date of the Battle of Flodden and the capital of Finland.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05- When's Flodden?- I want to say...
0:03:05 > 0:03:08- 1645.- No.
0:03:08 > 0:03:12I think it's 16 something. Try that.
0:03:12 > 0:03:141645. Paul?
0:03:14 > 0:03:16- 1645.- Go on.
0:03:16 > 0:03:181645 and Helsinki.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21It is Helsinki, of course, but it's 1513. Bad luck.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25Give the words that complete these lines that Miss Brodie recited to her class
0:03:25 > 0:03:28to raise their minds before they went home.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32"Down she came and found the boat Beneath a willow left afloat,
0:03:32 > 0:03:35"And round about the prow she wrote..."
0:03:35 > 0:03:38- The Lady of Shalott.- Well done! - APPLAUSE
0:03:39 > 0:03:4210 for this. A body of water between the Philippines and Borneo,
0:03:42 > 0:03:45an informal name for the Church of Scotland,
0:03:45 > 0:03:47the Swahili word for freedom,
0:03:47 > 0:03:51the authors of The Cherry Orchard and The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care
0:03:53 > 0:03:56are linked by what enduring science fiction -
0:03:56 > 0:03:59- Star Trek.- Star Trek is right, yes.
0:04:01 > 0:04:04Manchester, these bonuses are on the number seven.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07"We've been waiting 700 years. You can have the seven minutes."
0:04:07 > 0:04:10Which Irish leader said those words in 1922
0:04:10 > 0:04:15when he arrived at Dublin Castle for its handover by British forces and was told he was late?
0:04:15 > 0:04:17Eamon de Valera?
0:04:17 > 0:04:19THEY CONFER
0:04:19 > 0:04:24- What shall I go for? - Go for de Valera.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27- Eamon de Valera. - No, it was Michael Collins.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29"I will give him seven feet of English ground
0:04:29 > 0:04:32"or as much more as he shall be taller than other men."
0:04:32 > 0:04:37Before which battle did King Harold II make this offer to an invader?
0:04:37 > 0:04:40- Battle of Hastings?- There's two.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42Stamford Bridge?
0:04:42 > 0:04:45- Stamford Bridge or Hastings. Stamford Bridge.- Correct.
0:04:45 > 0:04:49"There shall be in England seven half-penny loaves sold for a penny."
0:04:49 > 0:04:56Which historical figure says these words in Shakespeare's King Henry VI Part 2?
0:04:56 > 0:04:58- Give me just a historical figure. - John of Gaunt.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01- Is he in that play?- No idea.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04- John of Gaunt. - No, it's Jack Cade. 10 for this.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08Quote, "The English at that time had their hair cropped, their beards shaven,
0:05:08 > 0:05:13"their arms laden with golden bracelets, their skin adorned with punctured designs.
0:05:13 > 0:05:18"They were wont to eat until they became surfeited and to drink until they were sick."
0:05:18 > 0:05:20To what pivotal year in English history
0:05:20 > 0:05:25does this observation of the historian William Of Malmesbury refer?
0:05:26 > 0:05:28- 1066?- Correct.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30APPLAUSE
0:05:30 > 0:05:35Your bonuses, Pembroke College, are on comparative religion.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38"Religion is hard work. Its insights are not self-evident
0:05:38 > 0:05:44"and have to be cultivated in the same way as an appreciation of art, music or poetry must be developed."
0:05:44 > 0:05:49These are the words of which British author in the 2009 work The Case For God?
0:05:51 > 0:05:55- Who are you thinking of? - Polkinghorne.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57Er, Reverend Polkinghorne.
0:05:57 > 0:05:59No, it's Karen Armstrong.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03An examination of thought between 900 and 200 BC,
0:06:03 > 0:06:06Karen Armstrong's work The Great Transformation
0:06:06 > 0:06:10includes the names of four influential figures in its subtitle. One is Jeremiah.
0:06:10 > 0:06:13For five points, name two of the others.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16Moses.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18- Was he that time?- No, earlier.
0:06:18 > 0:06:22- Sorry?- It's BC. - BANKES WHISPERS
0:06:22 > 0:06:26Jesus and... ALL TALK AT ONCE
0:06:26 > 0:06:27Confucius and Buddha.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31- Confucius and Buddha. - Correct. The other was Socrates.
0:06:31 > 0:06:36Finally, a 2010 work by Armstrong outlines 12 steps to a life based on what quality,
0:06:36 > 0:06:42described as "indispensible to the creation of a just economy and a peaceful global community"?
0:06:42 > 0:06:46- Fortune?- Fairness or something?
0:06:46 > 0:06:48- Fairness?- No, compassion.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52We're going to take a Picture Round. You will see a mathematical grid
0:06:52 > 0:06:55with certain prime numbers highlighted.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59For 10 points, tell me what term denotes these primes.
0:07:06 > 0:07:07Mersenne.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10No. Manchester, one of you buzz.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Special.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15- No, they're happy primes. - LAUGHTER
0:07:15 > 0:07:18Picture bonuses in a moment. 10 points for this.
0:07:18 > 0:07:22Formulated by the 19th-century German biologist Ernst Haeckel
0:07:22 > 0:07:26and popularised by The Simpsons episode We're on the Road to D'ohwhere,
0:07:26 > 0:07:30what term denotes the development of an organism undergoing an abbreviated form
0:07:30 > 0:07:33of the species' evolutionary development?
0:07:37 > 0:07:38Speciation.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41No. Anyone want to buzz from Pembroke?
0:07:42 > 0:07:43It's -
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Chrysalis?
0:07:44 > 0:07:48"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". 10 points for this.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52Lip, rip, lox, pox, oil and oxlip
0:07:52 > 0:07:57are among shorter words that may be made from the letters of which six-letter word?
0:07:58 > 0:07:59- Prolix.- Prolix is right.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02APPLAUSE
0:08:03 > 0:08:07Pembroke, you get picture bonuses. You saw a grid for your starter
0:08:07 > 0:08:10of happy primes from 1 to 100 highlighted.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14Your bonuses, three more grids, each with different types of prime numbers.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18I want you to name the series of primes shown.
0:08:18 > 0:08:20Firstly...
0:08:20 > 0:08:26GOLD: Perfect? I know there's a series, but I don't know the definition.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29No, that's when it adds up... But you can go for it.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32- Perfect. - No, they're permutable primes.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34Secondly...
0:08:35 > 0:08:38I've not the faintest idea.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41THEY CONFER QUIETLY
0:08:41 > 0:08:43Transcendent.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45No, they're Fibonacci primes.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48Finally, the name given to these pairs of primes...
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- You said Mersenne earlier.- GOLD: That's a thing, but I don't know.
0:08:52 > 0:08:55- Er, Mersenne? - No, they're sexy primes.
0:08:55 > 0:08:5910 points for this. Situated on opposite banks of a major river,
0:08:59 > 0:09:02the names of which two capitals are used...
0:09:02 > 0:09:05- Buda and Pest. - No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08..to distinguish their respective countries from one another?
0:09:08 > 0:09:13Both countries' official names include the words Republic and Congo.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16One of you buzz, Manchester.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20- Brazzaville and Lusaka?- No.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23Lusaka's in another country. It's Kinshasa and Brazzaville.
0:09:23 > 0:09:2710 points for this. Quote, "My therapist has given me such a good rate
0:09:27 > 0:09:30"I can afford to indulge my bouts of infidelity
0:09:30 > 0:09:32"and still deal elegantly with my guilt."
0:09:32 > 0:09:37This is an illustrative extract from a typical personal ad in which publication?
0:09:38 > 0:09:40- London Review of Books.- Yes.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42APPLAUSE
0:09:43 > 0:09:47Your bonuses, Manchester, are on physics.
0:09:47 > 0:09:50Which English physicists give their names to the law that states
0:09:50 > 0:09:52that the spectral radiance of a black body
0:09:52 > 0:09:57scales with the inverse fourth power of the wavelength?
0:09:58 > 0:10:03Does anyone know anything about when someone might've even thought that?
0:10:03 > 0:10:05HE WHISPERS
0:10:05 > 0:10:08Give me the names of two physicists who worked together.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11Yes. Rutherford.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14- Rutherford and -- No, forget it. It was RayleighJeans.
0:10:14 > 0:10:19Secondly, what two-word name was given to the prediction derived from the RayleighJeans Law
0:10:19 > 0:10:24that a black body should radiate with infinite power?
0:10:27 > 0:10:30- The dark prediction. - No, the ultraviolet catastrophe.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34- Ohh!- Finally, using ideas that led to the formulation of quantum theory,
0:10:34 > 0:10:40the ultraviolet catastrophe was resolved by which German physicist?
0:10:40 > 0:10:43Er, Planck?
0:10:43 > 0:10:45- Planck.- It was Max Planck, yes.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49CHEERING
0:10:49 > 0:10:5410 points for this. Frequently cited as being among the most overused words in the language,
0:10:54 > 0:10:57what two adjectives, differing only in their second letter,
0:10:57 > 0:11:02describe persons or things uncritically admired or regarded as representative symbols,
0:11:02 > 0:11:06and events that happen in a way contrary to what is expected,
0:11:06 > 0:11:09and thus cause wry amusement?
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Ironical and iconical. Ironic and iconic.
0:11:17 > 0:11:20- Ironic and iconic is correct. - APPLAUSE
0:11:22 > 0:11:24Your bonuses are on carelessness.
0:11:24 > 0:11:28I will read three extracts from well-known literary works.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31Identify the author and the title of the work.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy. They smashed up things and creatures
0:11:35 > 0:11:40"and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness...
0:11:40 > 0:11:43"..and let other people clean up the mess they had made."
0:11:43 > 0:11:45- The Great Gatsby.- Correct.
0:11:45 > 0:11:47- By?- F Scott Fitzgerald.- Correct.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50"Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
0:11:50 > 0:11:55"Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find thee sitting careless on a granary floor
0:11:55 > 0:11:58"Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind".
0:11:58 > 0:12:02- Does anyone have any ideas?- No.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05- No.- Romeo and Juliet? - No, it's Keats' Ode To Autumn.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08"To lose one parent, Mr Worthing, may be regarded as a misfortune,
0:12:08 > 0:12:11"to lose both looks like carelessness."
0:12:11 > 0:12:13The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15Correct. 10 points for this.
0:12:15 > 0:12:19What single word neologism was coined by KW Jeter,
0:12:19 > 0:12:22author of the 1979 novel Morlock Night,
0:12:22 > 0:12:24to denote the sub-genre of science-fiction
0:12:24 > 0:12:27and speculative fiction set in worlds...
0:12:27 > 0:12:29- Fanfiction?- No.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31I'm afraid you lose five points.
0:12:31 > 0:12:37..and speculative fiction, set in worlds that run on clockwork mechanisms and...
0:12:37 > 0:12:38Steampunk.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41- Correct, yes. - APPLAUSE
0:12:42 > 0:12:46Manchester, these bonuses are on a constructed language.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49Toki Pona is an experimental language, first published online in 2001
0:12:49 > 0:12:53by the Canadian linguist Sonja Elen Kisa.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55The word "toki" means "talk".
0:12:55 > 0:13:00What is the meaning of "pona", derived via Esperanto from Latin?
0:13:00 > 0:13:03Note that Toki Pona has no letter "B".
0:13:05 > 0:13:08- Talk well.- Good?
0:13:08 > 0:13:09Yes, talk well or good.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13It's "good". I have to accept "well" which is what you said first.
0:13:13 > 0:13:16Toki Pona is intended to test the hypothesis
0:13:16 > 0:13:20that the words and forms of a language influence the way its users perceive the world.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24Which two linguists give their names to this hypothesis?
0:13:24 > 0:13:26Anyone?
0:13:26 > 0:13:28THEY CONFER QUIETLY
0:13:31 > 0:13:34- Chomsky and Searle. - No, Sapir and Whorf.
0:13:34 > 0:13:39In Toki Pona, the word "jo" means "have", "kon" means "air",
0:13:39 > 0:13:43"breath" means "spirit" and "sin" means "new",
0:13:43 > 0:13:46all derived from which major world language?
0:13:46 > 0:13:48Greek?
0:13:50 > 0:13:51Chinese?
0:13:51 > 0:13:53- Chinese.- Correct.
0:13:53 > 0:13:58We're going to take a music round. You'll hear an extract from Gustav Holst's The Planets suite.
0:13:58 > 0:14:02For 10 points, name the particular planet
0:14:02 > 0:14:05that is the title of the piece.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08PLEASANT, FAST-PACED MUSIC
0:14:11 > 0:14:13- Mercury.- It is Mercury, yes.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16APPLAUSE
0:14:16 > 0:14:20Your bonuses, three more extracts from The Planets suite,
0:14:20 > 0:14:23but before you think that sounds disgracefully easy,
0:14:23 > 0:14:27I want you to name the planet and its largest moon.
0:14:27 > 0:14:30- LAUGHTER - This planet and its largest moon...
0:14:30 > 0:14:32DRAMATIC MUSIC
0:14:32 > 0:14:37- That's Jupiter, isn't it? - It's biggest moon is Ganymede.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40- Are we happy that's Jupiter? - It sounds regal.
0:14:40 > 0:14:42Jupiter and Ganymede.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44No, it's Saturn and Titan.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47Secondly, this planet and its largest moon...
0:14:47 > 0:14:49DRAMATIC MUSIC
0:14:49 > 0:14:51That's Neptune.
0:14:51 > 0:14:53Why?
0:14:53 > 0:14:56MSUIC DROWNS OUT SPEECH
0:14:58 > 0:15:00I might go for Jupiter.
0:15:00 > 0:15:04It might be Mars. THEY CONFER
0:15:07 > 0:15:09- Go for Neptune. - Neptune and...?- Triton.
0:15:09 > 0:15:12- Neptune and - - No, it's Uranus and Titania.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15Finally, this planet and its largest moon...
0:15:15 > 0:15:18SWEEPING MUSIC
0:15:18 > 0:15:22- That's Mars. - Is it Phobos? Go for Phobos.
0:15:22 > 0:15:24- Mars and Phobos.- Correct.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26- APPLAUSE - 10 points for this...
0:15:26 > 0:15:29Answer as soon as you buzz.
0:15:29 > 0:15:34Goldman Sachs' chief economist Jim O'Neill coined the acronym BRIC to denote the notion...
0:15:34 > 0:15:37Brazil, Russia, India, China.
0:15:37 > 0:15:40- Correct. - APPLAUSE
0:15:40 > 0:15:43Your bonuses are on plant cytology.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46What specific term denotes the soft-wall, undifferentiated cells
0:15:46 > 0:15:49that form the basic ground tissue of plants?
0:15:49 > 0:15:54They make up the bulk of non-woody structures, such as pith and mesophyll.
0:15:55 > 0:15:59Something "thin". Erm...
0:15:59 > 0:16:01GOLD WHISPERS
0:16:01 > 0:16:03- Let's have an answer.- Pass. - Parenchyma.
0:16:03 > 0:16:08From the Greek for "divided", what term indicates plant tissue capable of undergoing mitosis,
0:16:08 > 0:16:12thus giving rise to new cells at the growing tips?
0:16:13 > 0:16:15THEY WHISPER
0:16:15 > 0:16:16- Pass.- It's meristem.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19What term denotes the lateral meristems
0:16:19 > 0:16:24from which secondary growth arises, forming cork and vascular bundles?
0:16:24 > 0:16:26Buds?
0:16:26 > 0:16:29- Buds. - No, cambium. 10 points for this.
0:16:29 > 0:16:32"A tidy laboratory means a lazy chemist".
0:16:32 > 0:16:36This remark is attributed to which Swedish scientist, born 1779?
0:16:36 > 0:16:40He established the modern technique of chemical formula notation
0:16:40 > 0:16:44and discovered selenium, thorium and cerium?
0:16:45 > 0:16:47Celsius.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49No. Anyone want to buzz from Pembroke?
0:16:49 > 0:16:51- Berzelius.- Correct.
0:16:51 > 0:16:53APPLAUSE
0:16:53 > 0:16:55Your bonuses are on psychology.
0:16:55 > 0:16:59Which US university gives its name to a notorious experiment of 1971
0:16:59 > 0:17:03in which a prison was set up in the basement of the psychology department
0:17:03 > 0:17:06and students were assigned the roles of inmates and guards?
0:17:06 > 0:17:08- Stanford.- Correct.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11Which Midwestern university gives its name to a starvation experiment
0:17:11 > 0:17:14in which conscientious objectors were subjected to malnutrition
0:17:14 > 0:17:17and their physical and psychological responses monitored?
0:17:19 > 0:17:21- Iowa.- No, Minnesota.
0:17:21 > 0:17:25Which US psychologist gives his name to an Obedience To Authority study
0:17:25 > 0:17:30in which people showed themselves willing to administer electric shocks to other subjects?
0:17:30 > 0:17:32- Milgram.- Correct. Another starter.
0:17:32 > 0:17:38The name of which Asian island is spelt with the initial letters of the world's deepest lake,
0:17:38 > 0:17:42the world's highest waterfall, France's longest...
0:17:42 > 0:17:45- Borneo. - No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
0:17:45 > 0:17:49..France's longest river and the UK's northernmost city?
0:17:49 > 0:17:53- Bali.- Bali is correct, yes. - APPLAUSE
0:17:53 > 0:17:56Your bonuses this time are on angles, Pembroke.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59What name is given to the steepest angle of descent
0:17:59 > 0:18:05relative to the horizontal plane, at which material on the slope-face is on the verge of sliding?
0:18:05 > 0:18:08- THEY WHISPER - Come on.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11- Er, pass.- It's the angle of repose.
0:18:11 > 0:18:15What term is used for the angle that a ray or beam of radiation makes with a line
0:18:15 > 0:18:19perpendicular to the surface at the point of arrival?
0:18:19 > 0:18:22Refraction?
0:18:22 > 0:18:26- The angle of refraction. - No, it's the angle of incidence.
0:18:26 > 0:18:28Named after a Dutch physicist, which law states
0:18:28 > 0:18:33that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction
0:18:33 > 0:18:36is constant when a light ray passes from one medium to another?
0:18:36 > 0:18:39Would it be Fresnel?
0:18:39 > 0:18:42- Nominate Pugh.- Fresnel. - No, it's Snell's Law. 10 for this.
0:18:42 > 0:18:47Its definition varying, depending upon whether market institutions are included,
0:18:47 > 0:18:52what two-word term describes the set of intermediate relations and associations
0:18:52 > 0:18:56that are neither the state nor the extended family?
0:18:56 > 0:18:57Civil society.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- Correct. - APPLAUSE
0:19:01 > 0:19:04Your bonuses are on volcanoes.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08Pelean eruptions are named after the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee
0:19:08 > 0:19:12that devastated the town of St Pierre on which island in the Lesser Antilles?
0:19:12 > 0:19:16- Montserrat. - Is that in the Lesser Antilles?
0:19:16 > 0:19:18- Montserrat.- No, it's Martinique.
0:19:18 > 0:19:24Named after an Italian volcano, what eruption involves moderate bursts of expanding gasses
0:19:24 > 0:19:28that eject clots of incandescent lava in small cyclical eruptions?
0:19:28 > 0:19:30- Stromboli. - Strombolian eruptions is correct.
0:19:30 > 0:19:34Involving the explosive ejection of relatively viscous lava,
0:19:34 > 0:19:39the most powerful type of eruption is named after which Roman scholar who died in AD 79?
0:19:39 > 0:19:40THEY CONFER QUIETLY
0:19:40 > 0:19:45- Do you reckon? Pliny the Elder? - Go on.
0:19:45 > 0:19:50- Pliny the Elder.- Correct. We're going to take a second Picture Round.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52You'll see a painting from 1914.
0:19:52 > 0:19:5510 points if you can tell me who painted it.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03Adolf Hitler.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06- Yes! - LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE
0:20:06 > 0:20:11Your picture bonuses are all paintings by amateur artists,
0:20:11 > 0:20:14all of whom happen to be, or have been, world leaders.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17In each case, give me their name. Firstly, this painting from 2009.
0:20:17 > 0:20:202009...
0:20:20 > 0:20:22THEY CONFER
0:20:22 > 0:20:26What language is that at the top?
0:20:26 > 0:20:28Oh, I reckon it's Boris Yeltsin.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30No. 2009. Vladimir Putin.
0:20:30 > 0:20:33It is that nice Mr Putin, yes.
0:20:33 > 0:20:35Secondly, from the mid-1950s.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37Winston Churchill.
0:20:37 > 0:20:40THEY CONFER
0:20:40 > 0:20:44- Eisenhower.- Do you reckon?- Yes.
0:20:44 > 0:20:46- Winston Churchill. - No, that's by Dwight Eisenhower.
0:20:46 > 0:20:49Finally, this painting from 1938.
0:20:49 > 0:20:51Churchill.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55- Churchill.- It is Churchill, yes. 10 points for this.
0:20:55 > 0:20:59Definitions of what two-word term include, fancifully, Santa's Little Helpers
0:20:59 > 0:21:04and, more correctly, sub-divisions of a sentence, introduced by words such as "who"...
0:21:04 > 0:21:06Subordinate clauses.
0:21:06 > 0:21:09- Correct. - LAUGHTER
0:21:10 > 0:21:14Your bonuses are on The Definitions, a Dictionary Of Philosophical Terms,
0:21:14 > 0:21:17often included in the corpus of Plato's works.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20Give the philosophical concept from the definition.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23You may answer in either Greek or English.
0:21:23 > 0:21:28Firstly, "Political judgement of many people, not limited to a certain time"?
0:21:28 > 0:21:31Democracy? Law?
0:21:31 > 0:21:34- Anyone?- No.- Democracy.
0:21:34 > 0:21:37- Democracy?- No, it's law.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41"The bestest position, the state of a mortal creature, which is in itself praiseworthy,
0:21:41 > 0:21:44"the state which produces faithfulness to law"?
0:21:44 > 0:21:47- Fidelity?- Judgement?
0:21:47 > 0:21:49THEY CONFER
0:21:49 > 0:21:51- Fidelity.- No, it's virtue.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55"The gift of good things given for virtuous deeds, the dignity conferred by virtue,
0:21:55 > 0:21:58dignified bearing, the cultivation of one's dignity"?
0:21:58 > 0:21:59- Honour.- Mm.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02- Honour.- Correct. Five-and-a-half minutes to go.
0:22:02 > 0:22:06Which Polish composer entitled his first symphony in 1959?
0:22:06 > 0:22:08The second is known as the Copernican
0:22:08 > 0:22:12and a recording of his third, Symphony Of Sorrowful Songs...
0:22:12 > 0:22:16- Gorecki.- Correct. - APPLAUSE
0:22:16 > 0:22:20Your bonuses are on melting points. Name the elements which are liquid at 20 degrees Celsius,
0:22:20 > 0:22:25one having the atomic number 80 and the other having an atomic mass of approximately 80.
0:22:25 > 0:22:27- Mercury, bromine.- Correct.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30Which group 1 element is solid at normal body temperature,
0:22:30 > 0:22:35but melts at a fever temperature of 39.31 degrees Celsius?
0:22:35 > 0:22:37THEY CONFER
0:22:37 > 0:22:39- Potassium.- No, it's rubidium.
0:22:39 > 0:22:44What is the only element that can, in pure form and at standard atmospheric pressure,
0:22:44 > 0:22:47remain solid above 3,500 degrees Celsius?
0:22:47 > 0:22:48Carbon?
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- Carbon.- Carbon is correct. Four-and-half minutes to go.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54Which ravine in Northern Tanzania
0:22:54 > 0:22:57is the site of significant finds of humanoid fossils?
0:22:57 > 0:23:00- Olduvai.- Olduvai is right. - APPLAUSE
0:23:00 > 0:23:03Your bonuses are on Florentine architecture.
0:23:03 > 0:23:08Dedicated to St John, which building in Florence has a gilded bronze door
0:23:08 > 0:23:11known as the Gates of Paradise, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti?
0:23:11 > 0:23:13- Baptistery.- Correct.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15Which of Ghiberti's contemporaries
0:23:15 > 0:23:19was the architect who designed the Basilica of San Lorenzo, begun in 1418,
0:23:19 > 0:23:23and gave a practical demonstration of the geometric method of perspective?
0:23:23 > 0:23:27- It could be Brunelleschi. - Brunelleschi.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30Correct. Which square or piazza lies in front of the Palazzo Vecchio?
0:23:30 > 0:23:35Its features include Cellini's Statue Of Perseus With The Head Of Medusa.
0:23:35 > 0:23:37THEY CONFER
0:23:37 > 0:23:39- Pass.- It's della Signoria.
0:23:39 > 0:23:4110 points. Answer as soon as you buzz.
0:23:41 > 0:23:47During the 1980s, three men served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Name two of them.
0:23:48 > 0:23:50- John Major and Geoffrey Howe. - Correct.
0:23:50 > 0:23:53- The other one was Nigel Lawson. - APPLAUSE
0:23:53 > 0:23:57Your bonuses this time are on soldiers in music.
0:23:57 > 0:24:01The Soldier's Tale, in which the protagonist gives his violin to the devil
0:24:01 > 0:24:03in exchange for knowledge of the future,
0:24:03 > 0:24:07premiered in 1918 with work by which composer?
0:24:07 > 0:24:09- Stravinsky.- Yes.- Stravinsky.- Correct.
0:24:09 > 0:24:12Based on an unfinished drama by Georg Buchner,
0:24:12 > 0:24:16which of Alban Berg's eponymous protagonists is a soldier who drowns
0:24:16 > 0:24:21while trying to retrieve the weapon with which he stabbed his mistress? It premiered in 1925.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23- Nominate Pugh.- Wozzeck.- Correct.
0:24:23 > 0:24:28Which eponymous character in a 19th-century opera is stabbed to death by Don Jose,
0:24:28 > 0:24:30a corporal in the Dragoons?
0:24:30 > 0:24:33- Nominate Pugh.- Carmen. - Correct. 10 points for this.
0:24:33 > 0:24:39Meaning "small town", what Spanish word denotes the settlements of flat-roofed, stone or adobe houses
0:24:39 > 0:24:43that are home to Native American peoples in Arizona and New Mexico?
0:24:43 > 0:24:44- Pueblo.- Correct.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47Here are your bonuses. They're on inventions.
0:24:47 > 0:24:51Give the decade of the 20th century in which the following were invented:
0:24:51 > 0:24:56Liposuction, the laser printer, Post-it notes and magnetic resonance imaging.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58The '70s or '80s?
0:24:58 > 0:25:00- Come on!- The '70s.- That's right.
0:25:00 > 0:25:05Astroturf, the hover-mower, the cash dispenser and silicon breast implants?
0:25:05 > 0:25:07- The '60s?- Correct.
0:25:07 > 0:25:10The lie detector, the medical dressing Elastoplast,
0:25:10 > 0:25:13bubblegum and the commercially-manufactured car radio?
0:25:13 > 0:25:16- The '50s?- Probably the '40s.
0:25:16 > 0:25:18- '40s.- The 1920s. Ten for this.
0:25:18 > 0:25:23From an ancient word meaning Etruscan, what name denotes that part of the Mediterranean Sea,
0:25:23 > 0:25:28bounded by Corsica and Sardinia, Sicily and mainland Italy?
0:25:28 > 0:25:31- Tyrrhenian.- Correct, yes. - APPLAUSE
0:25:31 > 0:25:35Your bonuses are on enzymes, Pembroke College.
0:25:35 > 0:25:38What is the chief digestive enzyme which splits proteins -
0:25:38 > 0:25:39- Pepsin.- Correct.
0:25:39 > 0:25:42The digestive enzyme trypsin
0:25:42 > 0:25:44is formed in and secreted from which gland?
0:25:44 > 0:25:46- Pancreas? Pancreas.- Correct.
0:25:46 > 0:25:49Which enzyme interacts with fibrinogen to create fibrin
0:25:49 > 0:25:53and so playa an important role in blood clotting?
0:25:53 > 0:25:55- Prothrombin.- Nominate Pugh.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57- Prothrombin.- No, it's thrombin.
0:25:57 > 0:25:5810 points for this.
0:25:58 > 0:26:03Cloudy in appearance, what drink is made in Spain from ground tiger nuts
0:26:03 > 0:26:06and in Mexico from ground rice or cantaloupe melon...
0:26:06 > 0:26:07Mate.
0:26:07 > 0:26:12Anyone like to buzz from Manchester? I'm going to have to deduct five points.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15One of you buzz, Manchester. It's horchata.
0:26:15 > 0:26:1910 points for this. What short word meaning "vigour"
0:26:19 > 0:26:24is an anagram for the Roman numerals for the number 1,004?
0:26:26 > 0:26:29- Vim.- Vim is right. Here are your bonuses.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32They're on a Scottish island.
0:26:32 > 0:26:35Portree is the chief town of which island,
0:26:35 > 0:26:39the largest and most northerly of the Inner Hebrides? Quickly!
0:26:39 > 0:26:41- Harris and Lewis.- No, it's Skye.
0:26:41 > 0:26:45What name is given to the rock
0:26:45 > 0:26:50that rises from the summit of Sgurr Dearg in Skye's Cuillin mountain range?
0:26:50 > 0:26:53- Come on!- The Slippery Slope. - No, it's the Inaccessible Pinnacle.
0:26:53 > 0:26:57Which castle on Skye claims to be the oldest continuously inhabited...
0:26:57 > 0:27:00END-OF-GAME KLAXON
0:27:00 > 0:27:03Pembroke College have 135. Manchester University have 180.
0:27:03 > 0:27:05APPLAUSE
0:27:11 > 0:27:15Bad luck, Pembroke. Someone's got to lose, but you've had a terrific run.
0:27:15 > 0:27:16Thanks for being with us.
0:27:16 > 0:27:21Manchester, terrific performance from you again. Congratulations. You've won the title.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24CHEERING
0:27:29 > 0:27:33We recorded that final at our studios in Manchester,
0:27:33 > 0:27:37but for the first time in our history, we left the studio for the trophy presentation.
0:27:37 > 0:27:43We've come to Clarence House in London for this, the 2012 trophy presentation,
0:27:43 > 0:27:46the 50th anniversary of the first broadcast of University Challenge.
0:27:46 > 0:27:48I'm delighted to say
0:27:48 > 0:27:53that Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall has agreed to present the trophy.
0:27:53 > 0:27:55APPLAUSE
0:27:56 > 0:28:00- Hello.- Thank you very much for doing this.- Very nice to see you.
0:28:00 > 0:28:05- Well, what did you think? - I thought the questions were unbelievably difficult!
0:28:05 > 0:28:10- Well, that's intentional, you know. - They do get harder and harder. - They do. Yes, they do.
0:28:10 > 0:28:12Have you watched the programme for long?
0:28:12 > 0:28:17'62, I watched the first programme. I watched it all the way through, with Bamber Gascoigne.
0:28:17 > 0:28:21I remember sitting there with my father,
0:28:21 > 0:28:25and he got more questions right than anybody else.
0:28:25 > 0:28:28And when you came on the scene, I used to sit with my children.
0:28:28 > 0:28:32There was a lot of arguments, but Tom did answer a few.
0:28:32 > 0:28:36He could answer some of the ones I couldn't. So I've seen it for years.
0:28:36 > 0:28:39I'm its greatest fan.
0:28:39 > 0:28:41Well, that is a real treat for us!
0:28:41 > 0:28:46Can you anatomise what it is you like about it?
0:28:46 > 0:28:49I think it's a family programme. I think all ages can watch it.
0:28:49 > 0:28:53I think everybody can join together and answer the questions.
0:28:53 > 0:29:00I also think it shows how wonderful a lot of the youth are today
0:29:00 > 0:29:03and how many clever people there are out there.
0:29:03 > 0:29:07I think they give young people a very good name.
0:29:07 > 0:29:11Good. May I ask you please to meet this year's runners up,
0:29:11 > 0:29:13the team from Pembroke College, Cambridge?
0:29:13 > 0:29:15You're the captain.
0:29:15 > 0:29:19- How do you appoint a captain? - This is quite funny.
0:29:19 > 0:29:23I think we flipped as coin and I managed to get lucky!
0:29:23 > 0:29:26- Very, very well done.- There we are.
0:29:26 > 0:29:31- We've got a trophy for you, as well. - Thank you.
0:29:31 > 0:29:34- I'd better give it to the captain. - APPLAUSE
0:29:38 > 0:29:43Now, would you like to come and meet this year's winners?
0:29:43 > 0:29:44I will.
0:29:44 > 0:29:47- How do you do?- Hello. - This is the captain.
0:29:47 > 0:29:51- Very nice to see you. So, they picked you as captain?- Yes.
0:29:51 > 0:29:53Well, it wasn't my decision!
0:29:53 > 0:29:56- Did you flip a coin? - Oh, I was appointed.
0:29:56 > 0:29:59- You were appointed.- Yes. - You must be a very good leader.
0:29:59 > 0:30:01No, I'm not!
0:30:01 > 0:30:04Can I ask you to present the trophy now, Your Highness?
0:30:04 > 0:30:08- Can I give you this rather splendid trophy?- Thank you.- Don't drop it!
0:30:08 > 0:30:10APPLAUSE
0:30:14 > 0:30:16That's it for this series of University Challenge.
0:30:16 > 0:30:21Many thanks to Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall for presenting the trophy.
0:30:21 > 0:30:24Many congratulations to the runners-up and the winners.
0:30:24 > 0:30:26- Thank you very much for watching. - APPLAUSE
0:30:26 > 0:30:30Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd