Episode 25

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0:00:22 > 0:00:25Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

0:00:28 > 0:00:30Hello. Tonight's match sees the beginning

0:00:30 > 0:00:33of the quarterfinal stage of this contest,

0:00:33 > 0:00:36compared to which the winter term at Dotheboys Hall

0:00:36 > 0:00:37is like a fortnight in Magaluf.

0:00:37 > 0:00:39The eight teams still in contention

0:00:39 > 0:00:42are Somerville College, Oxford, Queen's University, Belfast,

0:00:42 > 0:00:45Clare College, Cambridge, Southampton University,

0:00:45 > 0:00:48Cardiff University, the School of Oriental and African Studies,

0:00:48 > 0:00:50and tonight's teams, Trinity College, Cambridge

0:00:50 > 0:00:52and Manchester University.

0:00:52 > 0:00:55From now on, we're making the questions harder

0:00:55 > 0:00:56and the rules more brutal.

0:00:56 > 0:01:00To get to the semifinals, a team must win two matches.

0:01:00 > 0:01:02A team that loses two matches goes home.

0:01:02 > 0:01:07A team that loses one match and wins another must play again and win

0:01:07 > 0:01:08to stay in the contest.

0:01:08 > 0:01:10Now, in their first-round match,

0:01:10 > 0:01:13Trinity College, Cambridge won by 300 points

0:01:13 > 0:01:16to Christ Church, Oxford's 150, and in the second round,

0:01:16 > 0:01:20they beat Peterhouse, Cambridge with 240 points to 110.

0:01:20 > 0:01:22This was despite taking a while to wake up.

0:01:22 > 0:01:25But when they did, they impressed us with their knowledge of presidents

0:01:25 > 0:01:30of the Royal Society, national anthems and Ivy League universities.

0:01:30 > 0:01:33With an accumulated score of 540 points so far,

0:01:33 > 0:01:37let's meet the Trinity College, Cambridge team for the third time.

0:01:37 > 0:01:39Hi, I'm Matthew Ridley, I'm from Northumberland

0:01:39 > 0:01:41and I'm studying Economics.

0:01:42 > 0:01:46Hi, I'm Filip Drnovsek Zorko, from Slovenia, studying Natural Sciences.

0:01:46 > 0:01:47And their captain.

0:01:47 > 0:01:50Hello, I'm Ralph Morley, I'm from Ashford in Kent

0:01:50 > 0:01:51and I'm studying Classics.

0:01:51 > 0:01:54Hello, I'm Richard Freeland, from Glamorgan,

0:01:54 > 0:01:55and I'm studying Mathematics.

0:01:55 > 0:01:58APPLAUSE

0:02:00 > 0:02:03Now, their opponents tonight, Manchester University,

0:02:03 > 0:02:07have had victories in round one against Brasenose College, Oxford,

0:02:07 > 0:02:11with 215 points to 105, and in round two,

0:02:11 > 0:02:16when they beat Queens' College, Cambridge by 325 points to 110.

0:02:16 > 0:02:19On that occasion, they excelled on Neo-Palladian architecture,

0:02:19 > 0:02:22the Palme d'Or and Chancellors of the Exchequer.

0:02:22 > 0:02:25Pleasingly, their accumulated score of 540 points is

0:02:25 > 0:02:27the same as their opponents tonight,

0:02:27 > 0:02:29so this might be a pretty even match.

0:02:29 > 0:02:31Let's meet the Manchester team again.

0:02:31 > 0:02:35Hi, I'm Edward Woudhuysen, I'm from London and I'm studying History.

0:02:35 > 0:02:36Hi, I'm Joe Day, I'm from Bideford in Devon

0:02:36 > 0:02:38and I'm studying Physics and Astrophysics.

0:02:38 > 0:02:40Let's meet their captain.

0:02:40 > 0:02:42Hi, I'm Elizabeth Mitchell, I'm from Birmingham

0:02:42 > 0:02:45and I'm studying Politics, Philosophy and Economics.

0:02:45 > 0:02:47Hi, I'm Jonathan Collings, I'm from Manchester

0:02:47 > 0:02:48and I'm studying Geography.

0:02:49 > 0:02:51APPLAUSE

0:02:54 > 0:02:56I'm sure you know - I'm supposed to recite the rules,

0:02:56 > 0:02:58but let's not bother, and just get on with it.

0:02:58 > 0:03:01Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

0:03:01 > 0:03:04"She came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem,

0:03:04 > 0:03:06"with camels that bear spices and gold..."

0:03:07 > 0:03:09- The Queen of Sheba?- Correct.

0:03:09 > 0:03:13APPLAUSE

0:03:13 > 0:03:14You get the first set of bonuses,

0:03:14 > 0:03:19on individuals named Person or Man of the Year by Time magazine.

0:03:19 > 0:03:22Firstly, in 1927, which aviator became the first person to

0:03:22 > 0:03:26receive the award, following a solo flight across the Atlantic?

0:03:26 > 0:03:27- Charles Lindbergh.- Charles Lindbergh?

0:03:27 > 0:03:29- Charles Lindbergh.- Correct.

0:03:29 > 0:03:31Secondly, which French political figure was named

0:03:31 > 0:03:33Man of the Year for 1931?

0:03:33 > 0:03:35He was executed for treason in 1945

0:03:35 > 0:03:37for his role in the Vichy government.

0:03:37 > 0:03:41Do you think it would be Petain? It could be Petain or Laval.

0:03:41 > 0:03:43No, it was Laval. Try Laval.

0:03:43 > 0:03:44- Pierre Laval?- Correct.

0:03:44 > 0:03:46Apart from the present Queen,

0:03:46 > 0:03:48who's the only Briton to have received the title?

0:03:48 > 0:03:49That happened on two occasions.

0:03:51 > 0:03:52Churchill, maybe?

0:03:52 > 0:03:55- Thatcher?- Could be Thatcher.

0:03:55 > 0:03:56- I'd say...- Churchill?

0:03:56 > 0:03:58- I think Churchill. - Yeah, Churchill.

0:03:58 > 0:04:00- Winston Churchill?- It was, yes.

0:04:00 > 0:04:01Ten points for this.

0:04:01 > 0:04:03APPLAUSE

0:04:03 > 0:04:06Which 19th-century English mathematician gives his name

0:04:06 > 0:04:08to an algebra used in logic in information theory...

0:04:10 > 0:04:11- Boole?- Boole is right, yes.

0:04:11 > 0:04:12Boolean algebra.

0:04:12 > 0:04:13APPLAUSE

0:04:13 > 0:04:16So, Manchester, you get the second set of bonuses.

0:04:16 > 0:04:18They're on decision making.

0:04:18 > 0:04:21The Upside Of Irrationality is the 2010 follow-up to

0:04:21 > 0:04:23Predictably Irrational,

0:04:23 > 0:04:26a book that examines biases that can lead to making unwise decisions.

0:04:26 > 0:04:28Both are the works of which

0:04:28 > 0:04:30Israeli-American behavioural economist?

0:04:32 > 0:04:36I'd only understand the economics! I don't know.

0:04:36 > 0:04:38I don't know any Israeli-American economists.

0:04:38 > 0:04:40Well, I know a couple, but they're all dead.

0:04:40 > 0:04:43- We don't know, sorry. - It's Dan Ariely.

0:04:43 > 0:04:46And secondly, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002,

0:04:46 > 0:04:48which Israeli-American psychologist was

0:04:48 > 0:04:51the author of the bestselling Thinking, Fast And Slow?

0:04:53 > 0:04:55Was it Richard Friedman?

0:04:57 > 0:05:00- Are you thinking Milton Friedman? - No, Richard Friedman.

0:05:00 > 0:05:01I'm not confident.

0:05:01 > 0:05:02- Try it?- OK, try it.

0:05:02 > 0:05:04- Richard Friedman? - No, it's Daniel Kahneman.

0:05:04 > 0:05:08And finally, Kahneman's work with the psychologist Amos Tversky is

0:05:08 > 0:05:12associated with trial-and-error thinking aids known by what name,

0:05:12 > 0:05:13derived from the Greek for "to find"?

0:05:18 > 0:05:20Mnemonic?

0:05:20 > 0:05:22- Mnemonic?- No, it's heuristics.

0:05:22 > 0:05:24Ten points for this.

0:05:24 > 0:05:26Born 1903, the US psychologist

0:05:26 > 0:05:28Karl Zener gives his name to

0:05:28 > 0:05:32a set of symbol-bearing cards used in tests of what supposed human...

0:05:33 > 0:05:35- ESP.- Correct, yes.

0:05:35 > 0:05:37APPLAUSE

0:05:39 > 0:05:42Trinity, these bonuses, your first set, are on opera.

0:05:42 > 0:05:46Meaning "realism", the Italian opera style known as verismo

0:05:46 > 0:05:49is often said to have originated with the first performance

0:05:49 > 0:05:52in 1892 of which opera by Pietro Mascagni?

0:05:53 > 0:05:54Cavalleria Rusticana.

0:05:54 > 0:05:56- Cavalleria Rusticana.- Correct.

0:05:56 > 0:06:00Also in the verismo style, which opera by Leoncavallo is often

0:06:00 > 0:06:02performed as a double bill with that opera?

0:06:04 > 0:06:05Is it the one about Sicily?

0:06:06 > 0:06:08Do you know of any?

0:06:08 > 0:06:10Sorry, we don't know.

0:06:10 > 0:06:11It's Pagliacci. And finally,

0:06:11 > 0:06:14which opera by Puccini is often cited as an example of verismo?

0:06:14 > 0:06:17Set in Rome, its title character is a singer,

0:06:17 > 0:06:19heartlessly tricked by the chief of police.

0:06:22 > 0:06:23- Tosca?- Tosca is correct.

0:06:23 > 0:06:24Ten points for this.

0:06:24 > 0:06:26Bill Clinton, Bob Hope, Mae West,

0:06:26 > 0:06:29Whoopi Goldberg and Barry Manilow are among those

0:06:29 > 0:06:32who've been awarded what honorary title,

0:06:32 > 0:06:36created in the aftermath of the War of 1812 by a particular US state?

0:06:37 > 0:06:39Kentucky colonel?

0:06:39 > 0:06:40They are all Kentucky colonels.

0:06:40 > 0:06:42APPLAUSE

0:06:45 > 0:06:47Makes them sound like joints of chicken, doesn't it?

0:06:47 > 0:06:49Your bonuses now are on astrophysics.

0:06:49 > 0:06:5440 Eridani B was among the first characterised examples of what type

0:06:54 > 0:06:56of dense star, which is

0:06:56 > 0:06:59supported against gravity by electron degeneracy pressure?

0:06:59 > 0:07:01Sirius B is another example.

0:07:01 > 0:07:04- Is it a neutron star? - Neutron star?

0:07:04 > 0:07:07- Neutron star? - No, it's a white dwarf.

0:07:07 > 0:07:10If a white dwarf gathers enough matter to exceed

0:07:10 > 0:07:11the Chandrasekhar limit,

0:07:11 > 0:07:15a mass of about 1.4 times that of the sun, it may undergo runaway

0:07:15 > 0:07:18thermonuclear fusion, resulting in what type of stellar explosion?

0:07:20 > 0:07:21Is it supernova?

0:07:21 > 0:07:23Are they going to want which type of supernova?

0:07:23 > 0:07:25- Shall we try supernova anyway?- OK.

0:07:25 > 0:07:28- Supernova? - It's a Type Ia supernova, yes.

0:07:28 > 0:07:31White dwarves have a density of approximately a billion

0:07:31 > 0:07:33kilograms per cubic metre.

0:07:33 > 0:07:36This is far surpassed by what stellar objects,

0:07:36 > 0:07:38the remnants of other types of supernova?

0:07:38 > 0:07:39- Black hole, right?- Black hole?

0:07:39 > 0:07:41No, they're neutron stars.

0:07:41 > 0:07:44Right, we're going to take a picture round. For your picture starter,

0:07:44 > 0:07:47I want you to tell me the collaborative significance

0:07:47 > 0:07:51of the group of states highlighted in this map of Europe in 1957.

0:07:54 > 0:07:56Founder members of the European Community?

0:07:56 > 0:07:57That's correct, yes.

0:07:57 > 0:07:59APPLAUSE

0:08:01 > 0:08:04Right, you're going to see for your picture bonuses three more maps

0:08:04 > 0:08:07of Europe with accession states highlighted in yellow.

0:08:07 > 0:08:10In each case, I want the precise year in which the highlighted

0:08:10 > 0:08:14states acceded to the EEC or EU. Firstly...

0:08:15 > 0:08:17- 1973?- I think it was.

0:08:17 > 0:08:20- I think it was '73, yeah.- 1973.

0:08:20 > 0:08:23That was the year that Britain, Ireland and Denmark joined,

0:08:23 > 0:08:24yes, well done.

0:08:24 > 0:08:25Secondly...

0:08:25 > 0:08:27I think that was 1980-something.

0:08:28 > 0:08:29'81?

0:08:30 > 0:08:31- Yeah, I think.- 1981?

0:08:31 > 0:08:35No, it was 1986 when Spain and Portugal joined. And finally...

0:08:35 > 0:08:37- 2005, I think.- Yeah.

0:08:38 > 0:08:402005?

0:08:40 > 0:08:43No, that's 2004. Ten points for this.

0:08:43 > 0:08:44What name is commonly given to

0:08:44 > 0:08:48the event of 1618 at the start of the Thirty Years' War in which...

0:08:49 > 0:08:52- The Second Defenestration of Prague. - Correct, yes.

0:08:52 > 0:08:54APPLAUSE

0:08:56 > 0:09:00Right, your bonuses are on Popes, Trinity College.

0:09:00 > 0:09:02All three have same regnal name.

0:09:02 > 0:09:04Firstly, Pope from 590 to 604,

0:09:04 > 0:09:07who was described by John Calvin as the last good Pope?

0:09:07 > 0:09:10Other designations include the apostle of England

0:09:10 > 0:09:12and founder of the medieval papacy?

0:09:12 > 0:09:15It's Gregory the Great, because of "non Angli, sed Angeli"

0:09:15 > 0:09:17and all that stuff with Augustine.

0:09:17 > 0:09:20- Gregory The Great. - Correct, Gregory I.

0:09:20 > 0:09:24Also known as Hildebrand, which Pope deposed and excommunicated

0:09:24 > 0:09:29the Emperor Henry IV, forcing him to submission at Canossa in 1077?

0:09:29 > 0:09:30- That's Gregory VII.- OK.

0:09:30 > 0:09:32- Gregory VII.- Correct.

0:09:32 > 0:09:35Which 16th-century Pope gives his name to the calendar that was

0:09:35 > 0:09:37finally adopted in Britain in 1752?

0:09:38 > 0:09:40- Gregory XIII.- Correct.

0:09:40 > 0:09:43- APPLAUSE - Right, that gives you the lead.

0:09:43 > 0:09:44Ten points for this.

0:09:44 > 0:09:47The London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics,

0:09:47 > 0:09:50the MAXXI museum in Rome and the award-winning Z-shaped

0:09:50 > 0:09:52Evelyn Grace Academy in Brixton are all projects

0:09:52 > 0:09:54of which Baghdad-born architect?

0:09:56 > 0:09:57- Zaha Hadid.- Correct.

0:09:57 > 0:10:00APPLAUSE

0:10:00 > 0:10:02These bonuses would give you the lead again, Manchester.

0:10:02 > 0:10:04They're on mining in the UK.

0:10:04 > 0:10:06Firstly for five, what mineral is extracted

0:10:06 > 0:10:07at Winsford Mine in Cheshire?

0:10:07 > 0:10:11The mine's consistent humidity levels make worked-out tunnels

0:10:11 > 0:10:13ideal for document storage

0:10:13 > 0:10:15and it houses part of the National Archives.

0:10:15 > 0:10:17- Salt.- Correct.

0:10:17 > 0:10:20East of Middlesbrough, Boulby Mine produces rock salt

0:10:20 > 0:10:21and which mineral?

0:10:21 > 0:10:24A generic name for alkaline potassium compounds,

0:10:24 > 0:10:26it's used as an agricultural fertiliser.

0:10:26 > 0:10:28Nitrate?

0:10:33 > 0:10:36Potassium or manganates or something, but I don't know.

0:10:36 > 0:10:39- We could try potassium maybe? - Come on.

0:10:39 > 0:10:41- Potassium?- No, it's potash.

0:10:41 > 0:10:42Because of its depth,

0:10:42 > 0:10:43Boulby Mine houses a detector

0:10:43 > 0:10:46that searches for what component of the universe,

0:10:46 > 0:10:50discerned from its gravitational effects rather than its luminosity?

0:10:53 > 0:10:57Gravitational... What did he say, features or effects?

0:10:57 > 0:11:00- Gravitational waves?- Yeah. - Gravitational waves?

0:11:00 > 0:11:02No, it's dark matter. Ten points for this.

0:11:02 > 0:11:04What word is both an alternative name for

0:11:04 > 0:11:06a refractory metallic element

0:11:06 > 0:11:09and the surname of the British scientist who designed

0:11:09 > 0:11:11the technical software suite...

0:11:11 > 0:11:13- Wolfram?- Wolfram is correct.

0:11:13 > 0:11:16- APPLAUSE - You retake the lead,

0:11:16 > 0:11:20and your bonuses are on the verse form known as the clerihew.

0:11:20 > 0:11:22In each case, give the full name of the personage who

0:11:22 > 0:11:25appears in the opening line of the verse quoted.

0:11:25 > 0:11:29Firstly, born in 1778, which scientist,

0:11:29 > 0:11:31according to Edmund Clerihew Bentley,

0:11:31 > 0:11:33"Abominated gravy

0:11:33 > 0:11:34"He lived in the odium

0:11:34 > 0:11:36"Of having discovered sodium"?

0:11:36 > 0:11:38- Sir Humphry Davy.- Correct.

0:11:38 > 0:11:39Who, according to Bentley,

0:11:39 > 0:11:41"By a mighty effort of will

0:11:41 > 0:11:43"Overcame his natural bonhomie

0:11:43 > 0:11:45"And wrote Principles Of Political Economy"?

0:11:45 > 0:11:46- John Stuart Mill.- Yes.

0:11:46 > 0:11:49- John Stuart Mill. - Yes! Finally, who said,

0:11:49 > 0:11:50"'I'm going to dine with some men

0:11:50 > 0:11:51"'If anyone calls

0:11:51 > 0:11:53"'Say I'm designing St Paul's'"?

0:11:53 > 0:11:55- Sir Christopher Wren.- Indeed.

0:11:55 > 0:11:58- Ten points for this. - APPLAUSE

0:11:58 > 0:12:01Referring to the office holder's substantial

0:12:01 > 0:12:02lack of policymaking authority,

0:12:02 > 0:12:06what two-word term is used in US politics of a person in the final...

0:12:08 > 0:12:09- Lame duck.- Correct.

0:12:09 > 0:12:12APPLAUSE

0:12:12 > 0:12:15These bonuses are on an English king, Trinity College.

0:12:15 > 0:12:17William Marshal and Hubert de Burgh were major figures

0:12:17 > 0:12:20in the Government of England during the minority of which king?

0:12:20 > 0:12:24He came to the throne at the age of nine and reigned for 56 years.

0:12:24 > 0:12:26It's Henry III, I think, Hubert.

0:12:26 > 0:12:28- Henry III.- Correct.

0:12:28 > 0:12:30Which year during Henry's reign saw the meeting of

0:12:30 > 0:12:32de Montfort's Parliament at Westminster

0:12:32 > 0:12:34and de Montfort's death at the Battle of Evesham?

0:12:34 > 0:12:37That's 1264, cos Lewisham was 12... Lewes was 12.

0:12:37 > 0:12:41- 1264.- No, it's 1265.

0:12:41 > 0:12:44Which son of Henry III commanded the royal forces at Evesham?

0:12:44 > 0:12:48He succeeded to the throne on Henry's death in 1272.

0:12:48 > 0:12:49Edward I.

0:12:49 > 0:12:51- Edward, later Edward I.- Correct.

0:12:51 > 0:12:52Ten points for this.

0:12:52 > 0:12:54Listen carefully, and answer as soon as your name is called.

0:12:54 > 0:12:58In any of the words "audacious", "audiobook" and "beauteous",

0:12:58 > 0:13:02what is the precise ratio of consonants to vowels?

0:13:08 > 0:13:11- 1:1?- Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

0:13:12 > 0:13:14- 1:2.- 1:2 is correct, yes.

0:13:14 > 0:13:15APPLAUSE

0:13:17 > 0:13:20Right, these bonuses, Trinity College, are on art.

0:13:20 > 0:13:23"With our James, vulgarity begins at home

0:13:23 > 0:13:25"and should be allowed to stay there."

0:13:25 > 0:13:29These words of Oscar Wilde refer to which US artist, born 1834?

0:13:31 > 0:13:33- Whistler?- Whistler was British.

0:13:33 > 0:13:36- Erm...- Cos he was... - Whistler was definitely British.

0:13:36 > 0:13:38I recently discovered this, it was shocking.

0:13:38 > 0:13:41- But he was naturalised, wasn't he?- I don't know. You can guess Whistler.

0:13:41 > 0:13:44- Whistler.- Whistler is correct, yes.

0:13:44 > 0:13:48Whistler was influenced by which genre of Japanese block prints,

0:13:48 > 0:13:52whose name translates as "pictures of the floating world"?

0:13:52 > 0:13:54- I don't know what they're called! - It's Japan!

0:13:54 > 0:13:55I know it's Japan!

0:13:59 > 0:14:01- My Japanese isn't good enough, sorry. - Lithograph.

0:14:03 > 0:14:04No! You know that's wrong, too!

0:14:04 > 0:14:07It's ukiyo-e.

0:14:07 > 0:14:11Born in 1760, which artist of the ukiyo-e school is particularly

0:14:11 > 0:14:14famous for his Hundred Views Of Mount Fuji?

0:14:15 > 0:14:17I only know Hokusai. Hokusai, with an H.

0:14:17 > 0:14:19- Hokusai.- Hokusai is correct, yes.

0:14:19 > 0:14:21We're going to take a music round now.

0:14:21 > 0:14:24For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music,

0:14:24 > 0:14:25a pretty popular piece.

0:14:25 > 0:14:26Ten points if you can name it.

0:14:28 > 0:14:29MUSIC PLAYS

0:14:31 > 0:14:33- Zadok The Priest.- Correct.

0:14:33 > 0:14:35APPLAUSE

0:14:37 > 0:14:40Right, following on from Handel's Zadok The Priest, your bonuses,

0:14:40 > 0:14:43three more pieces that take their title from well-known

0:14:43 > 0:14:45names from ancient history, myth or legend.

0:14:45 > 0:14:47Five points for each you can identify.

0:14:47 > 0:14:51First, this suite, named after a figure in Middle Eastern legend.

0:14:53 > 0:14:54MUSIC PLAYS

0:14:58 > 0:14:59THEY CONFER

0:15:00 > 0:15:03- Scheherazade. - By Rimsky-Korsakov, yes.

0:15:03 > 0:15:06Secondly, this opera, named after a biblical couple.

0:15:08 > 0:15:09MUSIC PLAYS

0:15:10 > 0:15:13Biblical couple. Think biblical couples.

0:15:13 > 0:15:15- Samson and Delilah?- That's a...

0:15:15 > 0:15:17I think it was an opera, maybe.

0:15:17 > 0:15:20Shall we try that? Samson And Delilah?

0:15:20 > 0:15:21Indeed, by Saint-Saens.

0:15:21 > 0:15:24And finally, this ballet, named after a historical figure.

0:15:26 > 0:15:27MUSIC PLAYS

0:15:30 > 0:15:32This is from Spartacus by Khachaturian,

0:15:32 > 0:15:35cos it's The Onedin Line, it's the theme tune.

0:15:35 > 0:15:36- Spartacus.- Indeed! Correct.

0:15:36 > 0:15:39- Ten points for this. - APPLAUSE

0:15:39 > 0:15:42According to Genesis, the place of Cain's exile following his

0:15:42 > 0:15:47murder of his brother Abel, which land did Jonathan Swift...

0:15:47 > 0:15:49- The Land of Nod?- Correct.

0:15:49 > 0:15:50APPLAUSE

0:15:52 > 0:15:54Right, Trinity, these bonuses are on biology.

0:15:54 > 0:15:57What name is given to the ribonucleoprotein on which

0:15:57 > 0:16:00protein synthesis takes place in living cells?

0:16:00 > 0:16:03On which protein synthesis takes place - what do they mean by that?

0:16:05 > 0:16:07Biology, presumably!

0:16:07 > 0:16:10Hang on, erm, ribozyme.

0:16:10 > 0:16:12- Ribozyme?- It's ribosome.

0:16:12 > 0:16:14- Sorry.- That was a really bad definition of ribosome.

0:16:14 > 0:16:17Right, listen to this, five points for this.

0:16:17 > 0:16:20What term denotes the process by which an RNA polymerase enzyme

0:16:20 > 0:16:25creates a new RNA molecule using an existing DNA strand as a template?

0:16:25 > 0:16:27Transcription.

0:16:27 > 0:16:29- Transcription.- Correct.

0:16:29 > 0:16:31Which pyrimidine base of an RNA strand is paired with

0:16:31 > 0:16:36the adenine base of a DNA strand when RNA and DNA strands are aligned

0:16:36 > 0:16:37during transcription?

0:16:37 > 0:16:39- Uracil.- Uracil?- Uracil.

0:16:39 > 0:16:40- Uracil.- Uracil is correct, yes.

0:16:40 > 0:16:43Ten points for this. Launched in 1975 and named after

0:16:43 > 0:16:44a group of seafarers,

0:16:44 > 0:16:48which NASA project was the first planetary exploration mission...

0:16:49 > 0:16:51- Viking? - Viking 1 and 2 is correct, yes.

0:16:51 > 0:16:52APPLAUSE

0:16:54 > 0:16:56Manchester, these bonuses are on a footballer.

0:16:56 > 0:16:58Consisting of three statues depicting him

0:16:58 > 0:17:02at various stages of his career, a memorial to which footballer

0:17:02 > 0:17:04stands outside the Britannia Stadium in Stoke-on-Trent?

0:17:04 > 0:17:08Known as the Wizard of Dribble, he died in 2000.

0:17:08 > 0:17:09- Stanley Matthews.- Correct.

0:17:09 > 0:17:12At what age did Matthews play his last professional match,

0:17:12 > 0:17:15for Stoke City against Fulham in the First Division in 1965?

0:17:15 > 0:17:17You can have a year either way.

0:17:17 > 0:17:18- Quite old. - 50.

0:17:18 > 0:17:20Yeah, quite old, so 50.

0:17:20 > 0:17:23- 50?- 50 is correct. It's not very old, though!

0:17:23 > 0:17:25LAUGHTER

0:17:25 > 0:17:30With which club, for five points, did Matthews win the FA Cup in 1953,

0:17:30 > 0:17:32a match often known at the Matthews Final?

0:17:32 > 0:17:34- Blackpool.- Blackpool is correct.

0:17:34 > 0:17:36APPLAUSE

0:17:36 > 0:17:38Ten points for this.

0:17:38 > 0:17:41Which island country in Asia is named after the king of Spain who

0:17:41 > 0:17:42married Mary I...

0:17:42 > 0:17:44- Philippines. - Philippines is right, yes.

0:17:44 > 0:17:45APPLAUSE

0:17:47 > 0:17:51These bonuses are on the verb "to be" in Romance languages.

0:17:51 > 0:17:55The third-person singular imperfect of the verb "to be" in both Catalan

0:17:55 > 0:17:57and Italian spells the name of which

0:17:57 > 0:17:59subdivision of geological time in English?

0:18:01 > 0:18:04- Anyone speak Italian?- Era. I bet it's era.

0:18:04 > 0:18:06- Era.- Era is correct.

0:18:06 > 0:18:10Secondly, the third-person plural present tense of the verb "ser",

0:18:10 > 0:18:12S-E-R, in Spanish spells what common English word?

0:18:14 > 0:18:19- Third-person...- Third-person plural. - Third-person plural is, erm...

0:18:20 > 0:18:24I think it's "son", S-O-N.

0:18:24 > 0:18:26- Son.- S-O-N.- S-O-N.

0:18:26 > 0:18:29S-O-N is correct, yes.

0:18:29 > 0:18:32The third-person singular present of the verb "to be" in French

0:18:32 > 0:18:34spells which compass direction in the same language?

0:18:34 > 0:18:36- Est.- East.- East.

0:18:36 > 0:18:38Yes. Ten points for this.

0:18:38 > 0:18:40APPLAUSE

0:18:40 > 0:18:44On what 11th-century artefact does the Latin inscription

0:18:44 > 0:18:45"isti mirant..."

0:18:46 > 0:18:48- Bayeux Tapestry?- Correct.

0:18:48 > 0:18:50APPLAUSE

0:18:52 > 0:18:54These bonuses, Manchester, are on poisons.

0:18:54 > 0:18:59Potassium cyanide contains what two elements in addition to potassium?

0:18:59 > 0:19:01Cyanide is carbon and nitrogen.

0:19:01 > 0:19:05Cyanide, I think, is carbon and nitrogen.

0:19:05 > 0:19:07- Carbon and nitrogen?- Correct.

0:19:07 > 0:19:09A molecule of the poisonous gas phosgene contains

0:19:09 > 0:19:12atoms of carbon, oxygen and what other element?

0:19:12 > 0:19:13Phosphorous.

0:19:13 > 0:19:15- Phosphorous?- No, it's chlorine.

0:19:15 > 0:19:18And finally, what poisonous Group 5 element is a silvery-white

0:19:18 > 0:19:22metalloid and has been known by the Latin name stibium?

0:19:22 > 0:19:23It's antimony.

0:19:23 > 0:19:24- Antimony.- Correct. Ten points for this.

0:19:24 > 0:19:27During the 20th century, who held the position

0:19:27 > 0:19:30of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for the...

0:19:30 > 0:19:32Margaret Thatcher.

0:19:32 > 0:19:35How did you know I was going to ask for the longest period of time?

0:19:35 > 0:19:36What else is it going to be?!

0:19:36 > 0:19:38LAUGHTER

0:19:38 > 0:19:41OK, let's see if you get these bonuses right!

0:19:42 > 0:19:45They're on French land borders, you smartarses!

0:19:45 > 0:19:47LAUGHTER

0:19:48 > 0:19:52French land borders. Three French departements border Germany.

0:19:52 > 0:19:54Two are named after the river Rhine.

0:19:54 > 0:19:56After which river is the third named?

0:19:56 > 0:19:58Hang on, erm...

0:19:59 > 0:20:02- So what have we got? - Alsace and Lorraine.

0:20:02 > 0:20:06- Is the Alsace a river? Alsace, Lorraine...- Moselle?

0:20:06 > 0:20:09- Guess.- Moselle?- Moselle is correct.

0:20:09 > 0:20:13France shares a land border with three Italian regions. Name any two.

0:20:13 > 0:20:15Valle d'Aosta is one of them.

0:20:15 > 0:20:17- Is Piedmont up there? - It might... Yes.

0:20:17 > 0:20:19- Valle d'Aosta and Piedmont.- Correct.

0:20:19 > 0:20:22The other one's Liguria. Lying along the Belgian border

0:20:22 > 0:20:25and including the historical Dutch-speaking region

0:20:25 > 0:20:28of French Flanders, what is the most populous French departement?

0:20:30 > 0:20:32Could it be Lille?

0:20:32 > 0:20:35- I don't know.- Lille?

0:20:35 > 0:20:38No, it's Nord. Not all so easy, are they?

0:20:38 > 0:20:39LAUGHTER

0:20:39 > 0:20:40Not all of them.

0:20:40 > 0:20:42OK, another picture round now.

0:20:42 > 0:20:45For your picture starter, you'll see a portrait of a prominent novelist.

0:20:45 > 0:20:47For ten points, simply name the figure.

0:20:50 > 0:20:52- Evelyn Waugh.- Yes.

0:20:52 > 0:20:53APPLAUSE

0:20:56 > 0:20:59Right, Evelyn Waugh's 1930 novel Vile Bodies was a satire

0:20:59 > 0:21:04of his contemporaries, the Bright Young People of the '20s and '30s.

0:21:04 > 0:21:06For your bonuses, you're going to see portraits

0:21:06 > 0:21:07of three Bright Young Things.

0:21:07 > 0:21:10In each case, simply name the person depicted.

0:21:10 > 0:21:13Firstly, painted here by Roger Fry in 1915.

0:21:14 > 0:21:16- Is that Edith Sitwell? - I've got no idea.

0:21:16 > 0:21:18I think it's Edith Sitwell.

0:21:18 > 0:21:20- Edith Sitwell? Edith Sitwell? - Correct, yes.

0:21:20 > 0:21:23That hooter's the giveaway, isn't it? Yes. Secondly, who's this?

0:21:25 > 0:21:28- Who is it?- Do we get a year on them?

0:21:28 > 0:21:30- Is it Tom Driberg? - Absolutely no idea.

0:21:32 > 0:21:33- It could be.- Tom Driber?

0:21:33 > 0:21:35No. Tom Driberg, I think he said,

0:21:35 > 0:21:37and it's not right - it's Stephen Tennant.

0:21:37 > 0:21:40Finally, who took that photograph of Stephen Tennant

0:21:40 > 0:21:42and produced this self-portrait?

0:21:42 > 0:21:44- Cecil Beaton? - Yeah, I would say so.

0:21:44 > 0:21:46- Cecil Beaton? - It is Cecil Beaton, yes.

0:21:46 > 0:21:47Ten points for this.

0:21:47 > 0:21:49Which book of the Bible comes next in this list,

0:21:49 > 0:21:51given in reverse order -

0:21:51 > 0:21:53Deuteronomy, Numbers, Leviticus and...?

0:21:54 > 0:21:56- Exodus.- Exodus is right, yes.

0:21:56 > 0:21:58APPLAUSE

0:22:00 > 0:22:03Bonuses are on probability theory this time, Trinity College.

0:22:03 > 0:22:06Given two independent events in a probability space, each with

0:22:06 > 0:22:10probability one half, what is the probability of both events occurring?

0:22:10 > 0:22:12- A quarter.- One quarter.- Correct.

0:22:12 > 0:22:15Given two mutually-exclusive events in a probability space,

0:22:15 > 0:22:17each with probability one half,

0:22:17 > 0:22:19what is the probability of at least one event occurring?

0:22:22 > 0:22:24- I think it's one.- Shall we go...?

0:22:24 > 0:22:27- One?- Correct. Given two mutually-exclusive events

0:22:27 > 0:22:28in a probability space, each with

0:22:28 > 0:22:32probability one half, what is the probability of both events occurring?

0:22:32 > 0:22:34- Zero.- Zero.- Correct.

0:22:34 > 0:22:36Five minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:22:36 > 0:22:38Born in 1837, which Dutch physicist

0:22:38 > 0:22:41gives his name to the bond or forces caused by the interaction...

0:22:43 > 0:22:45- Van der Waals?- Correct. - APPLAUSE

0:22:46 > 0:22:49You get a set of bonuses, Manchester, on the Commonwealth.

0:22:49 > 0:22:52The Maya Mountains and Ambergris Caye are

0:22:52 > 0:22:56in which Commonwealth country, formerly known as British Honduras?

0:22:56 > 0:22:58- Is that Belize? - Yeah, Belize.

0:22:58 > 0:22:59- Belize.- Correct.

0:22:59 > 0:23:01Straddling the Equator with a land area

0:23:01 > 0:23:03of around 300 square kilometres,

0:23:03 > 0:23:05which country joined the Commonwealth in 1982?

0:23:06 > 0:23:09- Any ideas?- Straddling the Equator?

0:23:09 > 0:23:12- Somewhere like... - British Guyana?

0:23:12 > 0:23:13British Guyana?

0:23:13 > 0:23:14No, it's Maldives.

0:23:14 > 0:23:17Roseau is the capital of which Caribbean nation?

0:23:17 > 0:23:19Situated between Guadeloupe and Martinique,

0:23:19 > 0:23:20it joined the Commonwealth...

0:23:20 > 0:23:22- Dominica.- Dominica is correct, yes.

0:23:22 > 0:23:25Ten points for this. Which of Shakespeare's title characters is

0:23:25 > 0:23:29described with the words, "Age cannot wither her, nor custom..."

0:23:31 > 0:23:33King Lear?! Sorry!

0:23:35 > 0:23:37Have you gone mad?! No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

0:23:37 > 0:23:41"Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety."

0:23:45 > 0:23:47- Cleopatra?- Of course, yes.

0:23:47 > 0:23:48APPLAUSE

0:23:48 > 0:23:50Enobarbus.

0:23:50 > 0:23:53Right, these bonuses, Trinity College, are on world leaders.

0:23:53 > 0:23:54Who was the French President

0:23:54 > 0:23:56when Edward Heath was the British Prime Minister?

0:23:56 > 0:23:59- Is that Pompidou?- Pompidou.

0:23:59 > 0:24:01- Pompidou.- Correct.

0:24:01 > 0:24:04Who was the West German Chancellor for most of the period that

0:24:04 > 0:24:05Pompidou was President?

0:24:07 > 0:24:09- Is that Willy Brandt?- Willy Brandt?

0:24:09 > 0:24:12Willy Brandt is correct. Who was the President of the United States

0:24:12 > 0:24:14while Willy Brandt was German Chancellor?

0:24:14 > 0:24:16- Nixon, must have been Nixon.- OK.

0:24:16 > 0:24:18- Richard Nixon.- Correct.

0:24:18 > 0:24:19Ten points for this starter question.

0:24:19 > 0:24:22When listed alphabetically, for the starter question,

0:24:22 > 0:24:23by their English names,

0:24:23 > 0:24:28which of the six official languages of the United Nations comes first?

0:24:28 > 0:24:30- Arabic.- Arabic is correct, yes.

0:24:30 > 0:24:31APPLAUSE

0:24:33 > 0:24:36Your bonuses are on word definitions.

0:24:36 > 0:24:38Firstly, what word is a slang term for an aeroplane

0:24:38 > 0:24:42and can mean a quadrilateral, a mark of quality or a bird of prey?

0:24:42 > 0:24:44- Kite.- Kite.- Correct.

0:24:44 > 0:24:48What word can mean the flat metal surface of a machine tool or

0:24:48 > 0:24:49the playing area in various games?

0:24:49 > 0:24:52As a verb, it means "to present something formally for discussion".

0:24:55 > 0:24:56- Table. - Pitch.

0:24:56 > 0:24:57- Pitch.- No, it's table.

0:24:57 > 0:25:01What word can refer informally to a mild infection or can mean a defect

0:25:01 > 0:25:05or fault in a machine, an obsession or craze, or a concealed microphone?

0:25:05 > 0:25:08- Bug.- Correct.

0:25:08 > 0:25:10Right, another starter question now.

0:25:10 > 0:25:12What general property characterises

0:25:12 > 0:25:15Mira stars, T Tauri stars, ZZ Ceti...

0:25:17 > 0:25:18They're like the sun?

0:25:19 > 0:25:22No, I'm afraid you lose five points. ..and Cepheids?

0:25:23 > 0:25:25They're variable.

0:25:25 > 0:25:26Variability is correct, yes.

0:25:26 > 0:25:29APPLAUSE

0:25:29 > 0:25:31These bonuses, Trinity College, are on coniferous trees.

0:25:31 > 0:25:34What is the common name of Pinus sylvestris,

0:25:34 > 0:25:38the only native conifer to be grown commercially for timber in the UK?

0:25:38 > 0:25:40- Scots pine.- Scots pine.- Correct.

0:25:40 > 0:25:43Named after the old Russian capital of Alaska and introduced to

0:25:43 > 0:25:46Britain in 1831, what is the world's tallest-growing spruce?

0:25:47 > 0:25:50- Sitka? - Yeah, Sitka.

0:25:50 > 0:25:52- Sitka spruce.- Correct.

0:25:52 > 0:25:53Fraser, Noble, Grand, Balsam

0:25:53 > 0:25:56and Douglas are all types of which conifer?

0:25:56 > 0:25:57- Fir.- Fir.- Correct.

0:25:57 > 0:26:00Ten points for this. Christina Rossetti's poem

0:26:00 > 0:26:03In the Bleak Midwinter is set to the tune Cranham, by which...

0:26:04 > 0:26:06- Gustav Holst.- Correct.

0:26:06 > 0:26:08APPLAUSE

0:26:08 > 0:26:11These bonuses for you, Trinity, are on a stock exchange.

0:26:11 > 0:26:15NASDAQ became the world's first electronic stock exchange

0:26:15 > 0:26:17when it began trading in 1971.

0:26:17 > 0:26:18In which city is it located?

0:26:18 > 0:26:21- It's in America.- Yeah.

0:26:21 > 0:26:24- California, maybe? - I thought it was east coast.

0:26:24 > 0:26:26- Is it in... - Come on, let's have it, please.

0:26:26 > 0:26:28- Philadelphia?- No, it's New York.

0:26:28 > 0:26:31The first four letters of the acronym NASDAQ represent

0:26:31 > 0:26:33the National Association of Securities Dealers.

0:26:33 > 0:26:37For what do the last two letters stand?

0:26:37 > 0:26:38A and Q.

0:26:40 > 0:26:41- And... - And!

0:26:41 > 0:26:44- And Quotient?- I don't know.- Come on.

0:26:44 > 0:26:47- Allied Quotients. - No, it's Automated Quotations.

0:26:47 > 0:26:51And finally, in November 2007, NASDAQ bought which stock exchange,

0:26:51 > 0:26:54the oldest in America, having been in operation since 1790?

0:26:54 > 0:26:56That's got to be the New York Stock Exchange, hasn't it?

0:26:56 > 0:26:58The New York Stock Exchange.

0:26:58 > 0:26:59The Philadelphia Stock Exchange.

0:26:59 > 0:27:02Ten points for this. Granted an area of land between the Strand

0:27:02 > 0:27:03and the Thames in London,

0:27:03 > 0:27:07which 13th-century European court is commemorated in the names

0:27:07 > 0:27:09of a theatre and hotel built on the site of its palace

0:27:09 > 0:27:11by Richard D'Oyly Carte in the 1880s?

0:27:13 > 0:27:15- Savoy.- Savoy is correct.

0:27:15 > 0:27:17You get a set of bonuses now on prisons.

0:27:17 > 0:27:19Dartmoor Prison was originally built

0:27:19 > 0:27:21to house what general category of prisoner?

0:27:21 > 0:27:23- Women?- Yeah.- Women?

0:27:23 > 0:27:27No, they're prisoners of war. Used to house paramilitary prisoners,

0:27:27 > 0:27:30which prison in County Antrim was also known as Long Kesh?

0:27:30 > 0:27:31It closed in 2000.

0:27:31 > 0:27:33- The Maze.- Correct. Situated on the outskirts of Glasgow,

0:27:33 > 0:27:35which is Scotland's largest and most complex...

0:27:35 > 0:27:37- Barlinnie.- Barlinnie is correct.

0:27:37 > 0:27:40Ten points for this. The words "montis insignia calpe" appear

0:27:40 > 0:27:41on the coat of arms...

0:27:41 > 0:27:44- Gibraltar.- ..of Gibraltar, that's correct.

0:27:44 > 0:27:45APPLAUSE

0:27:45 > 0:27:48You get a set of bonuses now, Trinity College,

0:27:48 > 0:27:49on herbs and spices.

0:27:49 > 0:27:50GONG CHIMES

0:27:50 > 0:27:53And at the gong, Manchester University have 205,

0:27:53 > 0:27:55Trinity College, Cambridge have 285.

0:27:55 > 0:27:56APPLAUSE

0:28:04 > 0:28:06Well, I just about ran out of questions there,

0:28:06 > 0:28:08so it was a great game, thank you very much indeed.

0:28:08 > 0:28:11Manchester... We'll see both of you again, actually. We'll see you...

0:28:11 > 0:28:14Certainly, you're going to have to win two more games

0:28:14 > 0:28:15to stay in the contest, Manchester.

0:28:15 > 0:28:19Trinity, they all WERE easy, those questions, weren't they!

0:28:19 > 0:28:20- Not all of them!- Congratulations.

0:28:20 > 0:28:23You have to win one more time to go through to the semifinals,

0:28:23 > 0:28:25and we shall look forward to seeing you again then.

0:28:25 > 0:28:28I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match.

0:28:28 > 0:28:31- But until then, it's goodbye from Manchester University.- ALL: Goodbye.

0:28:31 > 0:28:34- It's goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge.- ALL: Goodbye.

0:28:34 > 0:28:36And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:36 > 0:28:38APPLAUSE