0:00:19 > 0:00:23University Challenge.
0:00:23 > 0:00:25Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
0:00:30 > 0:00:32Hello. Scotland plays England tonight
0:00:32 > 0:00:36with a place in the second round for whichever team shines the brighter.
0:00:36 > 0:00:39With four places also available in the losers' play-offs,
0:00:39 > 0:00:41we offer our customary advice to both teams.
0:00:41 > 0:00:44Try to be quick, as well as right.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47The University of Edinburgh have made many appearances
0:00:47 > 0:00:50on University Challenge but so far, the trophy has eluded them.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53It's one of Scotland's ancient universities,
0:00:53 > 0:00:57having received its Royal Charter in 1582 from James VI.
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Sir Walter Scott was a student there,
0:00:59 > 0:01:02as was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Louis Stevenson.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05And more recently, alumni have included the Olympian Chris Hoy,
0:01:05 > 0:01:07the comedian Michael McIntyre,
0:01:07 > 0:01:10and the BBC's political editor Laura Kuenssberg.
0:01:10 > 0:01:14Representing around 35,000 students with an average age of 23,
0:01:14 > 0:01:16let's meet the Edinburgh team.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19Hello, my name's Luke, I'm originally from York
0:01:19 > 0:01:23and I'm studying Late Antique Islamic and Byzantine studies.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26Hi, I'm Ewan, I'm from Aberdeen and I study classics.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28This is their captain.
0:01:28 > 0:01:30Hi, I'm Joe, I'm from Brighton and I study ecology
0:01:30 > 0:01:32and environmental science.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34Hello, I'm Emily, I'm from Wilmslow, Cheshire,
0:01:34 > 0:01:36and I'm studying chemistry.
0:01:40 > 0:01:44Now, moving south of the border, the team from the University of Durham
0:01:44 > 0:01:48represent an institution which has been twice series champion.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50It was founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832
0:01:50 > 0:01:53and received its Royal Charter five years later.
0:01:53 > 0:01:56Although it has a collegiate structure, because there is
0:01:56 > 0:01:58no formal teaching within each college,
0:01:58 > 0:02:02the university appears in this competition as a single entity.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05Alumni include the former head of the Army, Sir Richard Dannatt,
0:02:05 > 0:02:09bishop Libby Lane, the actor Andrew Buchan and the broadcasters
0:02:09 > 0:02:11George Alagiah, Gabby Logan and Jeremy Vine.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Tonight's four, who also have an average age of 23,
0:02:15 > 0:02:19are playing on behalf of around 17,000 fellow students.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Let's meet them.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24Hello, I'm Thomas Brophy, I'm from Hatfield in Hertfordshire
0:02:24 > 0:02:27and I'm studying mathematics.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30Hi, I'm Owen Stenner-Matthews, I'm from Cardiff and I'm studying
0:02:30 > 0:02:33for a masters degree in defence, development and diplomacy.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35And this is their captain.
0:02:35 > 0:02:37Hello, my name's Cressida O'Connor,
0:02:37 > 0:02:41I'm from Harrogate in North Yorkshire and I'm reading law.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43Hello, my name's Nat Guillou,
0:02:43 > 0:02:45I'm originally from Jersey in the Channel Islands
0:02:45 > 0:02:48and I'm doing a masters in Arab world studies.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58OK, the rules are completely unchanging on this programme.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Ten points for starters, they're solo efforts answered on the buzzer.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04Bonuses are worth 15 points and they're collective.
0:03:04 > 0:03:06Your first starter for ten.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09Finger tricks, lubrication and tensioning are among
0:03:09 > 0:03:13the techniques used by those who want to increase their speed
0:03:13 > 0:03:17in completing which puzzle invented in 1974?
0:03:18 > 0:03:19Rubik's cube. Correct.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27Your bonuses are on the screenwriter and director Nora Ephron.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Between 1984 and '94, Ephron received
0:03:30 > 0:03:34three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37The first was for the drama Silkwood.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39Name either of the other two films,
0:03:39 > 0:03:42both of which are romantic comedies.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45When Harry Met Sally or Sleepless In Seattle.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48They're the only other two I know. Sleepless In Seattle is...
0:03:48 > 0:03:50You reckon? Go with it.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52Sleepless In Seattle.
0:03:52 > 0:03:54That's correct, When Harry Met Sally was the other one.
0:03:54 > 0:03:55Five points for this.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58Written and directed by Ephron, which 1998 comedy
0:03:58 > 0:04:02updated the 1940 film The Shop Around The Corner
0:04:02 > 0:04:04for the age of online communication?
0:04:07 > 0:04:09You've Got Mail or something like that.
0:04:09 > 0:04:10Pardon me? You've Got Mail?
0:04:10 > 0:04:12You've Got Mail. Correct.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16Which 2009 comedy drama was Ephron's last film?
0:04:16 > 0:04:19It's based on the published memoirs of the two title figures
0:04:19 > 0:04:22played by Meryl Streep and Amy Adams.
0:04:22 > 0:04:23For heaven's sake.
0:04:25 > 0:04:26No, can't think.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32No? 2009 films with Meryl Streep in?
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Sorry. Any 2009? Pardon me?
0:04:36 > 0:04:40The Devil Wears Prada, that's the only thing I can think of.
0:04:40 > 0:04:41No, it's named after the...
0:04:41 > 0:04:44Sorry, pass. It's Julia Julia.
0:04:44 > 0:04:45Ten points for this.
0:04:45 > 0:04:47What term was coined in around
0:04:47 > 0:04:501793 by the French bishop Henri Gregoire
0:04:50 > 0:04:52to denote the destruction of artworks and buildings
0:04:52 > 0:04:54following the French Revolution?
0:04:55 > 0:04:57Iconoclasm.
0:04:57 > 0:04:59No, you lose five points.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02The term refers to the East Germanic tribe responsible
0:05:02 > 0:05:04for the Sack of Rome in...
0:05:04 > 0:05:06Vandalism. Vandalism is correct.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13These bonuses are on the solar system, Edinburgh.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15Discovered by Christian Huygens,
0:05:15 > 0:05:18what is the only moon in the solar system
0:05:18 > 0:05:20known to have clouds and a dense atmosphere?
0:05:20 > 0:05:24I need the name of the moon and the planet it orbits.
0:05:24 > 0:05:26Titan, Saturn. Titan, Saturn.
0:05:26 > 0:05:27Correct.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31With a diameter of 5,150 kilometres,
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Titan is the second largest moon of the solar system.
0:05:34 > 0:05:35What is the largest?
0:05:35 > 0:05:38Again, I need the name of the moon and the planet it orbits.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41Nominate Dale. Ganymede, Jupiter.
0:05:41 > 0:05:42Correct.
0:05:42 > 0:05:46And finally, with a diameter of about 5,270 kilometres,
0:05:46 > 0:05:51Ganymede is about 8% larger than which planet of the solar system?
0:05:53 > 0:05:54Mercury. Mercury.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56Correct. Ten points for this.
0:05:58 > 0:06:03The Wolf Man is discussed in a case study by which psychoanalyst,
0:06:03 > 0:06:07whose other patients included the Rat Man and Little Hans?
0:06:07 > 0:06:09The first mentioned appeared in the 1918 work
0:06:09 > 0:06:12From The History Of An Infantile Neurosis?
0:06:13 > 0:06:15Freud. Freud is correct, yes.
0:06:19 > 0:06:22You get a set of bonuses on campaigning organisations.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24Firstly, for five points,
0:06:24 > 0:06:28the CAAT campaigns against what activity, described on its website
0:06:28 > 0:06:32as having a devastating impact on human rights and security
0:06:32 > 0:06:35and damaging economic development?
0:06:35 > 0:06:37Campaign Against the Arms Trade?
0:06:37 > 0:06:38Campaign Against the Arms Trade.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41That's correct.
0:06:41 > 0:06:43The CFW is a campaign, quote,
0:06:43 > 0:06:46"To raise awareness of the unique natural renewable
0:06:46 > 0:06:51"and biodegradable benefits" of what agricultural product?
0:06:51 > 0:06:52The campaign was launched in 2010
0:06:52 > 0:06:54with the Prince of Wales as its patron.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58Campaign for...
0:07:04 > 0:07:06We don't know. It's wool.
0:07:06 > 0:07:11For what does the letter O stand in OAC, an action campaign
0:07:11 > 0:07:15against a condition that is a major factor in preventable deaths?
0:07:17 > 0:07:19Organisation Against...
0:07:19 > 0:07:21Organisation but it seems too obvious.
0:07:21 > 0:07:22Organisation.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24No, it's Obesity.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26Right, we're going to take a picture round.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28For your picture starter, you will see a map
0:07:28 > 0:07:29with an island highlighted.
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Ten points if you can identify the island.
0:07:35 > 0:07:37Aland.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40No, anyone like to buzz from Durham?
0:07:42 > 0:07:44Gotland. It is Gotland, yes.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51It will be the host of 2017's Island Games,
0:07:51 > 0:07:55contested between athletes from island communities across the world.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58For your bonuses, you're going to see three more flags,
0:07:58 > 0:08:01this time, those of UK islands, according to the UK Flag Institute.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04Five for each you can identify. Firstly...
0:08:05 > 0:08:08Maybe one of the Viking ones because they used...
0:08:08 > 0:08:11One of the Viking ones? One of the Orkneys.
0:08:11 > 0:08:13No, it's definitely not Orkney.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19Shetland? It isn't that either. I know those two.
0:08:19 > 0:08:23Any of the Western Isles? Hebrides. Yeah, go.
0:08:23 > 0:08:25Let's have an answer, please. Skye.
0:08:25 > 0:08:28No, it's Anglesey. Secondly...
0:08:30 > 0:08:33That's the Isle of Wight, I'm pretty certain.
0:08:33 > 0:08:34Isle of Wight.
0:08:34 > 0:08:36That is the Isle of Wight, yes. And finally...
0:08:38 > 0:08:39That's definitely Shetland.
0:08:39 > 0:08:40Shetland.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42That is Shetland, yes.
0:08:42 > 0:08:43Right, ten points for this.
0:08:43 > 0:08:44In January 2016,
0:08:44 > 0:08:47the Department of Health issued revised guidelines
0:08:47 > 0:08:51on alcohol consumption, cutting the recommended limit for men
0:08:51 > 0:08:53to how many units of alcohol per week?
0:08:55 > 0:08:5721.
0:08:57 > 0:09:01No, anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?
0:09:01 > 0:09:0215.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05No, it's 14, 21 was the previous limit.
0:09:05 > 0:09:07Ten points at stake for this starter question.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11Launched in 1990, which joint European-US space probe
0:09:11 > 0:09:14was the first craft to fly over the poles of the Sun
0:09:14 > 0:09:19and return data on the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field?
0:09:19 > 0:09:23It shares its name with a novel of unusually varied vocabulary,
0:09:23 > 0:09:26first published in its entirety in Paris in 1922.
0:09:29 > 0:09:30Ulysses.
0:09:30 > 0:09:31Correct, yes.
0:09:35 > 0:09:39Your bonuses are on British theatres, Durham.
0:09:39 > 0:09:43Housed in a former cotton trading hall in Manchester,
0:09:43 > 0:09:47which theatre was devastated by an IRA bomb of 1996?
0:09:47 > 0:09:49It reopened two years later with a production of
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Stanley Houghton's Hindle Wakes,
0:09:52 > 0:09:54the same play that was running when the bomb went off.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00I think it's something Palace. Something Palace. Any idea?
0:10:00 > 0:10:03I always thought that was the Arndale Centre, the '96 bomb.
0:10:03 > 0:10:07OK. Oh, no, because the Arndale Centre is a shopping centre
0:10:07 > 0:10:08but he said theatre.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11Something like Palace, you reckon? What could it be?
0:10:11 > 0:10:12It could just be The Palace.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15The Palace Theatre. No, it was the Royal Exchange.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19In 1945, Glasgow's Royal Princess's Theatre
0:10:19 > 0:10:21reopened with what name,
0:10:21 > 0:10:23taken from that of the company housed there?
0:10:28 > 0:10:29Any clue? At all.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Pass. That's the Citizens Theatre.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36And finally, in 2003, which London venue announced that,
0:10:36 > 0:10:39as part of a move to become a producing house again,
0:10:39 > 0:10:42it had appointed the US actor Kevin Spacey
0:10:42 > 0:10:44as its first artistic director?
0:10:44 > 0:10:47The National Theatre. The National Theatre.
0:10:47 > 0:10:48No, that was the Old Vic.
0:10:48 > 0:10:49Ten points for this.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51What three letters begin words meaning
0:10:51 > 0:10:54a peat or bog moss with cells specialised
0:10:54 > 0:10:56for the retention of water,
0:10:56 > 0:11:00a ring of muscle that surrounds a tube or an opening...?
0:11:00 > 0:11:02SPH. Correct.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04Sphagnum, sphincter and so on.
0:11:07 > 0:11:11Your bonuses, Edinburgh, are on chemical elements.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13In each case, I'd like you to identify the element
0:11:13 > 0:11:14from the description.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17All three names begin with the same two letters.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21Firstly, a toxic white metal that appears between mercury
0:11:21 > 0:11:24and lead in the periodic table.
0:11:24 > 0:11:28Its sulphate was formerly used as a rodenticide and its name
0:11:28 > 0:11:31derives from the Greek for green twig.
0:11:32 > 0:11:33Thallium. Thallium.
0:11:33 > 0:11:34Correct.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36One of the rarest of the rare earth metals,
0:11:36 > 0:11:40used in portable X-ray machines and surgical lasers, secondly,
0:11:40 > 0:11:44its name derives from an ancient designation of Scandinavia?
0:11:44 > 0:11:46Thorium. Thorium.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48No, it's thulium. Oh, sorry!
0:11:48 > 0:11:50And finally, atomic number 90,
0:11:50 > 0:11:54a weakly radioactive metal discovered by Berzelius in 1829.
0:11:54 > 0:11:58It can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00Thorium. That is thorium, yes.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02Right, ten points for this.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05What seven-letter surname links the German philosopher
0:12:05 > 0:12:08who wrote The Life Of Jesus Critically Examined,
0:12:08 > 0:12:11the US political philosopher who wrote
0:12:11 > 0:12:13Persecution And The Art Of Writing,
0:12:13 > 0:12:18and the German composer, born 1864, of the operas Elektra and Salome?
0:12:20 > 0:12:22Strauss. Strauss is correct, yes.
0:12:25 > 0:12:29Edinburgh, these bonuses are on literary figures from Shropshire.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31In each case, name the person from the description.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34Firstly, a playwright born around 1640.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37His works include Love In A Wood,
0:12:37 > 0:12:40The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer.
0:12:40 > 0:12:42William Wycherley.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45Nominate Smith. William Wycherley. Correct.
0:12:45 > 0:12:49A novelist born in Oswestry, secondly, in 1913.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52Her works include A Glass Of Blessings,
0:12:52 > 0:12:53Quartet In Autumn,
0:12:53 > 0:12:55and The Sweet Dove Died.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59I've no idea.
0:12:59 > 0:13:01We don't know. That was Barbara Pym.
0:13:01 > 0:13:06And finally, a poet born in Oswestry in 1893.
0:13:06 > 0:13:09His works include Strange Meeting and Futility.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13I guess it's AE Housman. But I'm not completely sure.
0:13:13 > 0:13:14AA Housman. AE!
0:13:14 > 0:13:15No, it was Wilfred Owen.
0:13:15 > 0:13:17We're going to take a music round now.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20For your music starter, you will hear a piece of popular music.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24Ten points if you can give me the name of the band performing.
0:13:24 > 0:13:26POP MUSIC PLAYS
0:13:27 > 0:13:28Gorillaz.
0:13:28 > 0:13:30Gorillaz is correct, yes.
0:13:33 > 0:13:34That was their Clint Eastwood,
0:13:34 > 0:13:37which musically references Eastwood's films.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40For your music bonuses, three more pop songs
0:13:40 > 0:13:43that paid tribute to stars of the big and small screen.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46I simply want the band in each case.
0:13:46 > 0:13:47Firstly, for five.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50MUSIC: # Take two people
0:13:50 > 0:13:53# Romantic
0:13:53 > 0:13:58# Smoky nightclub situation... #
0:13:58 > 0:14:00Nothing at all...
0:14:00 > 0:14:04# Your cigarette traces a ladder... #
0:14:04 > 0:14:07Velvet Underground? Go with that.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10Velvet Underground. No, it's Roxy Music,
0:14:10 > 0:14:14their 2HB, which was a tribute to Humphrey Bogart. Secondly...
0:14:14 > 0:14:18MUSIC: # White on white translucent black capes
0:14:18 > 0:14:20# Back on the rack... # Velvet Underground.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23We're going to go Velvet Underground again.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25No, that was Bauhaus, Bela Lugosi's Dead.
0:14:25 > 0:14:26And finally...
0:14:26 > 0:14:29MUSIC: # Now Andy, did you hear about this one? #
0:14:29 > 0:14:31It's REM. REM.
0:14:31 > 0:14:32REM is correct, Man On The Moon.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Right, ten points for this.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36Withdrawn from an auction
0:14:36 > 0:14:41in 2012 after a Vanity Fair article cast doubts on its authenticity,
0:14:41 > 0:14:45a small unsigned work entitled Red, Black And Silver
0:14:45 > 0:14:50was reported to have been the last painting by which US artist
0:14:50 > 0:14:53before his death in a car accident in 1956?
0:14:55 > 0:14:56Rothko.
0:14:56 > 0:14:57No.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00One of you buzz, Edinburgh, if you like.
0:15:02 > 0:15:03Lichtenstein.
0:15:03 > 0:15:05No, it was Jackson Pollock.
0:15:05 > 0:15:07Ten points for this.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10What five-letter name links a town on the Dee Estuary
0:15:10 > 0:15:14in North Wales with a city to the north-west of Detroit?
0:15:14 > 0:15:17The former is associated with the football...
0:15:17 > 0:15:19Flint. Flint is correct.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26These bonuses, Edinburgh, are on an Asian country.
0:15:26 > 0:15:30In 2000, which country launched the Speak Good English movement
0:15:30 > 0:15:35to promote standard English over a local creole known as Singlish?
0:15:35 > 0:15:39English is a non-indigenous official language of the country in question.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43Singapore. Correct.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46In 1979, Singapore had launched a similar campaign
0:15:46 > 0:15:49known by the abbreviation SMC.
0:15:49 > 0:15:53Which specific language did that campaign promote?
0:15:53 > 0:15:56Chinese. Mandarin, I'd say so.
0:15:56 > 0:15:58Mandarin? Mandarin Chinese.
0:15:58 > 0:15:59Correct.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02And in addition to English, Mandarin and Malay,
0:16:02 > 0:16:06which South Indian language has an official status in Singapore?
0:16:06 > 0:16:10Is it Tamil? Tamil? South India. I think it's Tamil.
0:16:10 > 0:16:12Tamil? Could be. Tamil.
0:16:12 > 0:16:13Tamil is correct.
0:16:13 > 0:16:15Ten points for this.
0:16:17 > 0:16:21Who travelled to England in 1848,
0:16:21 > 0:16:24under the name William Smith after abdicating the French throne?
0:16:24 > 0:16:28He'd been named Lieutenant General and subsequently...
0:16:29 > 0:16:30Louis Philippe.
0:16:30 > 0:16:31Louis Philippe I is correct.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38These bonuses are on an English philosopher, Edinburgh.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41Who was the author in 1689 of a work entitled
0:16:41 > 0:16:43A Letter Concerning Toleration,
0:16:43 > 0:16:46which called for the separation of church and state?
0:16:46 > 0:16:47It was first... Locke.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49John Locke is correct.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51In his first Treatise On Government,
0:16:51 > 0:16:54Locke attacked which political theorist's defence
0:16:54 > 0:16:58of the divine right of kings, made in the 1680 work Patriarcha?
0:17:00 > 0:17:03Is that Hobbes? I think it's Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes.
0:17:03 > 0:17:04No, it was Sir Robert Filmer.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07And finally, Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
0:17:07 > 0:17:10is regarded as one of the first great defences
0:17:10 > 0:17:12of which broad philosophical view?
0:17:12 > 0:17:14Liberalism. Liberalism.
0:17:14 > 0:17:15No, it's empiricism.
0:17:15 > 0:17:17Ten points for this.
0:17:17 > 0:17:19From the first element in the series,
0:17:19 > 0:17:23what name is given to the 15 consecutive radioactive elements
0:17:23 > 0:17:25with atomic numbers from 89 to 103?
0:17:27 > 0:17:29The actinides. Correct.
0:17:33 > 0:17:36These bonuses are on immunology, Durham.
0:17:36 > 0:17:40Important in cell-mediated immunity, which lymphocytes
0:17:40 > 0:17:44are produced in a bone marrow and mature in the thymus?
0:17:44 > 0:17:46T-cells. T-cells. Correct.
0:17:46 > 0:17:50What type of T-cell destroys cells infected by viruses
0:17:50 > 0:17:51and tumour cells?
0:17:53 > 0:17:56Try natural killer cells. You sure?
0:17:56 > 0:17:59It's not something like antibodies or antigens?
0:18:00 > 0:18:02I think I'd try natural killer cells.
0:18:02 > 0:18:03Natural killer cells.
0:18:03 > 0:18:05I'll accept that, yes, killer T-cells,
0:18:05 > 0:18:08they're normally known as, or cytotoxic T-cells.
0:18:08 > 0:18:13And finally, killer T-cells display the glycoprotein CD8
0:18:13 > 0:18:14on their surface.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18For what do the letters CD stand in that context?
0:18:18 > 0:18:20Cell differentiation or something like that.
0:18:20 > 0:18:22Cell differentiation.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24No, it's the cluster of differentiation.
0:18:24 > 0:18:25Ten points for this.
0:18:25 > 0:18:27Which country was established as
0:18:27 > 0:18:31a kingdom in about 1025 by Boleslaw I,
0:18:31 > 0:18:33also known as the Brave?
0:18:33 > 0:18:36Partitioned three times in the later 18th century.
0:18:36 > 0:18:39Poland. Poland is correct, yes.
0:18:41 > 0:18:42You've taken the lead.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45Your bonuses are on Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47In each case, identify the Greek warrior
0:18:47 > 0:18:49described in the following lines.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52First, spoken by Ulysses - "Thou great commander,
0:18:52 > 0:18:54"nerves and bone of Greece.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57"Heart of our numbers, soul and only sprite."
0:18:57 > 0:18:58That would be Achilles. Achilles.
0:18:58 > 0:19:00No, it's Agamemnon.
0:19:00 > 0:19:06Spoken by Thersites - "That stale old mouse-eaten dry cheese."
0:19:06 > 0:19:09Could that be Menelaus? Menelaus, maybe.
0:19:09 > 0:19:10Menelaus.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12No, it's Nestor.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16Finally, spoken by Agamemnon - "Over-proud and under-honest,
0:19:16 > 0:19:19"in self-assumption, greater than in the note of judgment."
0:19:19 > 0:19:21Achilles. That is Achilles, yes.
0:19:21 > 0:19:22Ten points for this.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24A nephew of Aristotle,
0:19:24 > 0:19:27Callisthenes of Olynthus died following his opposition
0:19:27 > 0:19:30to the practice of prostration before which ruler...?
0:19:31 > 0:19:33Alexander The Great. Correct.
0:19:35 > 0:19:37These bonuses would let you retake the lead.
0:19:37 > 0:19:38They're on earth science.
0:19:38 > 0:19:42In each case, name the tectonic plate - for example, African -
0:19:42 > 0:19:43on which the following are located.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46Firstly, the Hawaiian Islands.
0:19:46 > 0:19:47Pacific oceanic?
0:19:47 > 0:19:49The Pacific oceanic plate.
0:19:49 > 0:19:52Correct. Second, Borneo and Sulawesi.
0:19:56 > 0:19:57Indochinese? Yeah.
0:19:57 > 0:19:58The Indochinese plate.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00No, it's the Eurasian plate.
0:20:00 > 0:20:02And finally, Greenland.
0:20:02 > 0:20:05North American. American.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08No, it's the... Oh, yeah.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10American, North American?
0:20:10 > 0:20:11North American.
0:20:11 > 0:20:13North American is correct, yes.
0:20:17 > 0:20:18Another picture round.
0:20:18 > 0:20:20For your starter, you're going to see an engraving.
0:20:20 > 0:20:22Ten points if you can identify the artist.
0:20:24 > 0:20:25Gustave Dore.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28No, anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?
0:20:28 > 0:20:29Albrecht Durer. Correct.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35That was Durer's Knight, Death, And The Devil
0:20:35 > 0:20:38with death on a pale horse flanking the night.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41Your picture bonuses, three more personifications of death.
0:20:41 > 0:20:43I simply want the painter of each. Firstly...
0:20:47 > 0:20:49Blake?
0:20:49 > 0:20:51Blake is a very good shout. William Blake.
0:20:51 > 0:20:53William Blake.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55It is his Death On A Pale Horse. Secondly...
0:20:59 > 0:21:01Yeah, could be.
0:21:01 > 0:21:03Nominate Smith. Is it Klimt?
0:21:03 > 0:21:05No, it's Schiele, Death And The Maiden.
0:21:05 > 0:21:07And finally, who's this?
0:21:09 > 0:21:11Oh, my God. That's weird.
0:21:11 > 0:21:12Bosch...
0:21:12 > 0:21:15Let's go for Bosch? Yeah.
0:21:15 > 0:21:17Yeah. Who thinks it's Bosch?
0:21:17 > 0:21:18Bosch.
0:21:18 > 0:21:19It is Hieronymus Bosch,
0:21:19 > 0:21:21Death And The Miser.
0:21:22 > 0:21:23Ten points for this.
0:21:23 > 0:21:27Part of the cobra family, the genus Bungarus
0:21:27 > 0:21:31comprises venomous snakes known by what five-letter Hindi word?
0:21:31 > 0:21:34Species include the banded, the redheaded and the blue.
0:21:36 > 0:21:37Viper.
0:21:37 > 0:21:38Nope.
0:21:44 > 0:21:45Mamba.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47No, mamba's in sub-Saharan Africa. It's krait.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49Ten points for this.
0:21:50 > 0:21:54"The Better Angels Of Our Nature - Why Violence Has Declined" is a 20...
0:21:56 > 0:21:57Steven Pinker? Correct.
0:21:57 > 0:22:00APPLAUSE
0:22:00 > 0:22:03These bonuses are on a shared surname.
0:22:03 > 0:22:07The series of articles known as the Essays Of Elia was written
0:22:07 > 0:22:10by which author, born in London in 1775?
0:22:12 > 0:22:17Essayist sort of 18th century. 19th century, rather.
0:22:17 > 0:22:21Fielding? Was he at that time?
0:22:21 > 0:22:23I thought he was earlier. Roughly.
0:22:23 > 0:22:25We should take it. Fielding?
0:22:25 > 0:22:27No, it's Charles Lamb.
0:22:27 > 0:22:31Secondly, the US Scientist Willis Eugene Lamb shared the
0:22:31 > 0:22:35Nobel Prize in physics in 1955 for his work on the structure of
0:22:35 > 0:22:38the spectrum of which element? The phenomenon known as the
0:22:38 > 0:22:41Lamb Shift is named after him.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46THEY CONFER QUIETLY
0:22:46 > 0:22:50We need an element. Could be a r... Sounds like a radioactive element.
0:22:51 > 0:22:54Come on. Any clue? No. Pass.
0:22:54 > 0:22:57It's hydrogen. William Lamb, who succeeded Lord Grey as
0:22:57 > 0:22:59British Prime Minister in 1834,
0:22:59 > 0:23:03is more commonly known by which hereditary title?
0:23:03 > 0:23:06Erm... Lord Palmerston? Lord what?
0:23:06 > 0:23:08Salisbury? I don't know. Salisbury.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11Any clue? No. Lord Salisbury?
0:23:11 > 0:23:13No, Lord Melbourne. Five minutes to go, ten points for this.
0:23:13 > 0:23:18Answer promptly. What is the sum of the fifth prime number and
0:23:18 > 0:23:21the fifth digit of pi after the decimal point?
0:23:24 > 0:23:2716. Anyone like to buzz from Durham?
0:23:30 > 0:23:3413. No, it's 20. 11 and 9.
0:23:34 > 0:23:37Ten points for this. Of the six Australian states, which is
0:23:37 > 0:23:41the only one to share a border with four of the others?
0:23:43 > 0:23:46Australian Capital Territory? Nope.
0:23:47 > 0:23:50Anyone want to buzz from Edinburgh?
0:23:50 > 0:23:53Queensland? No, it's South Australia. Ten points for this.
0:23:53 > 0:24:00FSH, TSH, LH and prolactin are among the hormones produced in which
0:24:00 > 0:24:02endocrine gland, situated...?
0:24:02 > 0:24:06The pituitary gland. Correct. APPLAUSE
0:24:08 > 0:24:12You get bonuses on Malay words in English.
0:24:12 > 0:24:15Firstly, for five, originally a Malay word, what is the common
0:24:15 > 0:24:20five-letter name of the silk cotton tree Ceiba pentandra? The fine silky
0:24:20 > 0:24:25hairs covering its seeds are used as stuffing for bedding and upholstery.
0:24:25 > 0:24:29Erm... Kapok? Go for it. Kapok. Correct.
0:24:29 > 0:24:33Which small red tropical fruit of the lychee family has a name
0:24:33 > 0:24:35derived from the Malay word for hair?
0:24:39 > 0:24:44Any clue at all? Red tropical fruit. Like a berry or something?
0:24:46 > 0:24:48Let's have it, please. Pa... Say again.
0:24:48 > 0:24:51No, nothing, nothing. Pass.. It's the rambutan. And finally,
0:24:51 > 0:24:55the name of which small house lizard is thought to derive from a
0:24:55 > 0:24:58Malay word that imitates its distinctive cry?
0:24:58 > 0:25:01Gecko? Gecko is correct.
0:25:03 > 0:25:05And, on level pegging, ten points at stake for this. Snake's Head,
0:25:05 > 0:25:10Dove And Rose, Willow Bough, Acanthus, and Strawberry Thief are
0:25:10 > 0:25:14among the patterns created by which 19th century designer...?
0:25:14 > 0:25:16William Morris. William Morris is correct.
0:25:16 > 0:25:18APPLAUSE
0:25:18 > 0:25:21Your bonuses this time are on royal memorials, Edinburgh.
0:25:21 > 0:25:25George Gilbert Scott designed which royal memorial? A 53-metre
0:25:25 > 0:25:28high Gothic revival structure in Kensington Gardens.
0:25:29 > 0:25:30Diana, is it?
0:25:30 > 0:25:31No, it's not.
0:25:31 > 0:25:34Albert Memorial? The Albert Memorial? Correct.
0:25:34 > 0:25:38An equestrian statue of which king occupies the east plinth in
0:25:38 > 0:25:41Trafalgar Square? It was originally intended to be placed on top
0:25:41 > 0:25:42of the Marble Arch.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45George IV. George IV? Correct.
0:25:45 > 0:25:49An equestrian statue of which king was installed at Charing Cross
0:25:49 > 0:25:52in 1675, a short distance from his place of execution?
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Charles I. Charles I. Correct.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57APPLAUSE Ten points for this.
0:25:58 > 0:26:03Which international organisation is known by the letters OAS?
0:26:03 > 0:26:07Founded in Bogota in 1948, its headquarters are in Washington DC.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15Organisation of American States? Yes.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18APPLAUSE
0:26:18 > 0:26:22Brilliant guess, if it was. Your bonuses are on American history.
0:26:22 > 0:26:27Hannibal Hamlin, Schuyler Colfax, and Elbridge Gerry were among
0:26:27 > 0:26:29those who held which executive office in the government of
0:26:29 > 0:26:32the United States during the 19th century?
0:26:32 > 0:26:36Erm, Secretary of State? I know Gerry is the one that gerrymandering
0:26:36 > 0:26:39is named for, so perhaps something to do with districts.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42Erm... Come on. Justice Secretary? Treasury Secretary?
0:26:42 > 0:26:45The Treasurer? No, they were Vice-Presidents.
0:26:45 > 0:26:50Jubal Early, Braxton Bragg, and Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard
0:26:50 > 0:26:54all held what rank in what military force in the 1860s?
0:26:54 > 0:26:56Could be something in the Confederate Army.
0:26:56 > 0:26:58Were they generals? Don't know.
0:26:58 > 0:27:01General in the Confederate Army? Correct.
0:27:01 > 0:27:05Levi Coffin, Pleasant Unthank, and Harriet Tubman were all active
0:27:05 > 0:27:09in which organisation that helped fugitive slaves to reach safety?
0:27:09 > 0:27:11The Underground Railroad. Correct.
0:27:11 > 0:27:13APPLAUSE Ten points for this.
0:27:13 > 0:27:16On its completion in 1889, the Eiffel Tower became the
0:27:16 > 0:27:18tallest structure in the world, surpassing which landmark in
0:27:18 > 0:27:20the United States capital?
0:27:21 > 0:27:23No, sorry.
0:27:24 > 0:27:26The Washington Monument. Correct, and Durham, I'm going to have
0:27:26 > 0:27:29to fine you five points for the incorrect interruption.
0:27:29 > 0:27:32You get a set of bonuses on Swiss food and drink, Edinburgh.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34The melted cheese portion of which dish is served in a
0:27:34 > 0:27:38traditional ceramic pot called a caquelon?
0:27:38 > 0:27:39Fondue. Correct.
0:27:39 > 0:27:42Which cereal was developed in around 1900 by
0:27:42 > 0:27:44Dr Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner?
0:27:44 > 0:27:47It's muesli. Muesli. Correct.
0:27:47 > 0:27:51What term describes a flat, hot cake made of grated, cooked or raw
0:27:51 > 0:27:54potatoes that's fried in hot butter or fat? Rosti. The dish...
0:27:54 > 0:27:57Rosti is correct. Ten points for this.
0:27:57 > 0:28:00What chemical is produced in the human body during intense
0:28:00 > 0:28:03levels of exercise, where muscle tissues are unable to...?
0:28:03 > 0:28:07GONG SOUNDS APPLAUSE
0:28:10 > 0:28:13Well, bad luck, Durham. You were on strong form. It was a great game,
0:28:13 > 0:28:18and I would bet that 155 actually is probably high enough to come back
0:28:18 > 0:28:20as a high-scoring losing team, and as we all know,
0:28:20 > 0:28:23teams that come back like that have gone on to win the whole series.
0:28:23 > 0:28:25Congratulations to you, Edinburgh. You knew that last one, of
0:28:25 > 0:28:29course, was... Lactic acid. Correct. APPLAUSE
0:28:29 > 0:28:31Had the gong gone just a second or two later, you'd have been
0:28:31 > 0:28:34even further ahead. Congratulations to you.
0:28:34 > 0:28:37I hope you can join us again next time for another first-round match,
0:28:37 > 0:28:39but until then it's goodbye from Durham University.
0:28:39 > 0:28:41Goodbye. It's goodbye from Edinburgh University.
0:28:41 > 0:28:44Goodbye. And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.