0:00:17 > 0:00:19APPLAUSE
0:00:22 > 0:00:25Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
0:00:28 > 0:00:33Hello. Around 130 teams applied to take part in this series.
0:00:33 > 0:00:3728 made it to the televised stage, and we've watched them fight it
0:00:37 > 0:00:42out over the past months, through 2,794 questions.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44But it ends tonight.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47Over the next half an hour, the two best teams in the contest
0:00:47 > 0:00:51will compete for the title of series champions,
0:00:51 > 0:00:54and one of them will earn the right to lift the trophy.
0:00:54 > 0:00:57Now, the team from Wolfson College, Cambridge have so far taken
0:00:57 > 0:01:00the scalps of the School of Oriental and African Studies,
0:01:00 > 0:01:04Jesus College, Cambridge, the University of Warwick,
0:01:04 > 0:01:07and then Emmanuel College, Cambridge in the first semifinal.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10They won't need reminding that when they first met their
0:01:10 > 0:01:13opponents tonight in their first quarterfinal match,
0:01:13 > 0:01:17they were victorious, but only by a margin of 30 points.
0:01:17 > 0:01:21No doubt hoping history will repeat itself, and with an average
0:01:21 > 0:01:25age of 25, let's meet the Wolfson team for the last time.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Hi, my name is Justin Yang, I'm from Vancouver, Canada,
0:01:28 > 0:01:32and I'm studying for a PhD in public health and primary care.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34Hi, I'm Ben Chaudhri, I'm from near Cockermouth in Cumbria,
0:01:34 > 0:01:37- and I'm studying natural sciences. - And this is their captain.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41Hello, my name is Eric Monkman, I'm from Oakville, Canada,
0:01:41 > 0:01:43and I'm studying economics.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46Hi, I'm Paul Cosgrove, I'm from Cookstown in Northern Ireland,
0:01:46 > 0:01:48and I'm doing an MPhil in nuclear energy.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51APPLAUSE
0:01:53 > 0:01:58The team from Balliol College, Oxford sent home Imperial College London
0:01:58 > 0:02:02in round one and Robinson College, Cambridge in round two.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05In their quarterfinals, they beat the University of Birmingham and
0:02:05 > 0:02:07Corpus Christi College, Oxford,
0:02:07 > 0:02:11and their semifinal victory was at the expense of Edinburgh University.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14They won't need reminding either of their first encounter with
0:02:14 > 0:02:15their opponents tonight.
0:02:15 > 0:02:18With an average age of 23,
0:02:18 > 0:02:21let's meet the Balliol team for the final time.
0:02:21 > 0:02:26Hi, I'm Freddy Potts, I'm from Newcastle, and I'm reading history.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Hello, I'm Jacob Lloyd, I'm from London,
0:02:28 > 0:02:32- and I'm reading for a DPhil in English.- And their captain.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Hi, I'm Joey Goldman, I'm from London,
0:02:34 > 0:02:36and I'm reading philosophy and theology.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Hi, I'm Ben Pope, I'm from sunny Sydney,
0:02:38 > 0:02:40and I'm doing a DPhil in astrophysics.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43APPLAUSE
0:02:46 > 0:02:49OK, fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52In Thomas Hardy's The Return Of The Native, which city does
0:02:52 > 0:02:58Eustacia's grandfather describe as "that rookery of pomp and vanity"?
0:02:58 > 0:03:01In an eponymous work of 1933,
0:03:01 > 0:03:05George Orwell called it "the land of the bistro and the sweatshop".
0:03:06 > 0:03:08- Paris.- Paris is correct.
0:03:08 > 0:03:10APPLAUSE
0:03:11 > 0:03:14Right, your bonuses are on the ancient mathematician and
0:03:14 > 0:03:16philosopher Hypatia.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21In which city of the Eastern Roman Empire did Hypatia teach philosophy?
0:03:21 > 0:03:24She died there in 415 at the hands of a Christian mob.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27Soon after, St Cyril became the city's bishop.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29- Alexandria.- Correct.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32Hypatia was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria,
0:03:32 > 0:03:34himself a mathematician and astronomer.
0:03:34 > 0:03:38He's credited with preserving which of Euclid's works?
0:03:38 > 0:03:40- The Elements.- Presumably.- Must be.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42- Euclid's Elements.- Correct.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46Associated with the philosopher Plotinus and the supreme principle
0:03:46 > 0:03:49known as "the One", which late school of Greek philosophy
0:03:49 > 0:03:51did Hypatia espouse?
0:03:51 > 0:03:53Neoplatonism? Yeah, that's what I'd go for. Neoplatonism.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Neoplatonism is correct.
0:03:55 > 0:03:57APPLAUSE
0:03:58 > 0:04:00Time for another starter question.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03First Man in Armour, Speaker of the Temple
0:04:03 > 0:04:07and three child spirits are among the characters in which op...?
0:04:08 > 0:04:10- The Magic Flute.- Correct.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13APPLAUSE
0:04:13 > 0:04:16So your bonuses, Wolfson, are on reptiles.
0:04:16 > 0:04:18Which country has the highest number of recorded species of
0:04:18 > 0:04:21reptile with more than 850?
0:04:21 > 0:04:25These include the freshwater crocodile and the desert death adder.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27- Could it be Australia?- Australia.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29- Australia.- Correct.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33With more than 800 species, which country's reptiles include
0:04:33 > 0:04:38the Cozumel spiny lizard and the Sonoran spotted whiptail?
0:04:38 > 0:04:40Yeah, Mexico.
0:04:40 > 0:04:41- Mexico.- Correct.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45With about 750 species, which country's reptiles include
0:04:45 > 0:04:50the Amboina sailfin lizard and the Lesser Sundas cat snake?
0:04:50 > 0:04:54I would say that would probably be India. I mean, it could be Bangladesh.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56- India's larger.- India.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58No, it's Indonesia. Ten points for this.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02Quote, "I had the sound first, without the spelling.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05"Then, in one of my occasional perusals of Finnegans Wake by
0:05:05 > 0:05:07"James Joyce, I came across the word..."
0:05:09 > 0:05:12- Quark.- Quark is correct, yes.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14APPLAUSE
0:05:14 > 0:05:19Right, these bonuses are on medieval earls of Orkney, Wolfson.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23Firstly, an early earl of Orkney, Sigurd the Stout,
0:05:23 > 0:05:26was killed at which battle of 1014, fought near Dublin?
0:05:26 > 0:05:29The Irish high king Brian Boru was also killed.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Um... Battle... Battle of the Downs?
0:05:34 > 0:05:36- Go for it.- Battle of the Downs.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38No, it was Clontarf.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41Secondly, Sigurd's son, Thorfinn the Mighty,
0:05:41 > 0:05:44extended his rule over Caithness and which area?
0:05:44 > 0:05:47It's named after its relation to Norse settlements in Orkney
0:05:47 > 0:05:51rather than its position on the island of Great Britain.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53Probably south, like...
0:05:53 > 0:05:55In a cardinal direction, it sounds like...
0:05:58 > 0:06:01- Stornoway.- No, it's Sutherland.
0:06:01 > 0:06:06And finally, Kirkwall Cathedral in Orkney is dedicated to which
0:06:06 > 0:06:09earl, later a saint? Known as the Martyr,
0:06:09 > 0:06:13he was murdered on the island of Egilsay in about 1117?
0:06:13 > 0:06:16- St Edmund the Martyr?- I don't know.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19- St Edmund the Martyr? - No, it's Magnus.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21Ten points for this.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24Who was the UK Prime Minister when the short-lived
0:06:24 > 0:06:27French Second Republic was established?
0:06:27 > 0:06:30His minority Whig administration held power because the
0:06:30 > 0:06:34Conservatives were split between the Protectionists and the Peelites.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39- Lord John Russell.- Correct.
0:06:39 > 0:06:40APPLAUSE
0:06:42 > 0:06:45These bonuses are on chloroform, Wolfson.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49In an 1847 paper based on his findings from
0:06:49 > 0:06:53self-experimentation, which Scottish physician first described the
0:06:53 > 0:06:56- use of chloroform as an anaesthetic? - Could it be Lister?
0:06:56 > 0:06:59It's not Robert Graves, is it?
0:06:59 > 0:07:03I don't know. I think it might be Lister, Lord Lister.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06- Lister? - No, it was James Young Simpson.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10Secondly, used as a chemical weapon during World War I,
0:07:10 > 0:07:14which poisonous gas is generated on the oxidation of chloroform
0:07:14 > 0:07:16in the presence of UV light?
0:07:16 > 0:07:18- Chlorine?- Chlorine gas? Chlorine gas?
0:07:18 > 0:07:19No, it might be like...
0:07:19 > 0:07:22- Chlorine gas?- Oh, no, is it...? No, it's phosgene.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24I'm going to nominate you, Chaudhri.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26- Nominate Chaudhri.- Phosgene?
0:07:26 > 0:07:28Phosgene is correct, yes.
0:07:28 > 0:07:29Apart from amylene,
0:07:29 > 0:07:33what solvent is typically added to stabilise chloroform
0:07:33 > 0:07:36and prevent oxidation if long-term storage is required?
0:07:38 > 0:07:41- I have no idea on this one. I mean, I would just pass.- Er...
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Did you say the family of the chemical?
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Family of the chemical? Yeah.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46- Is it e...?- Erm. Ether?
0:07:46 > 0:07:48We could just say ether.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50- Nominate Chaudhri.- Ether.
0:07:50 > 0:07:51No, it's ethanol.
0:07:51 > 0:07:54Ten points for this picture starter question.
0:07:54 > 0:07:57You're going to see a map showing the borders of European
0:07:57 > 0:08:00states as the result of a major series of peace accords.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03For ten points, I want the collective term after
0:08:03 > 0:08:06a European city by which these accords are known.
0:08:08 > 0:08:09Westphalia.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13No. Anyone like to buzz from Wolfson?
0:08:13 > 0:08:14Vienna?
0:08:14 > 0:08:16The Congress of Vienna is correct, yes.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19APPLAUSE
0:08:19 > 0:08:22We follow on from the Congress of Vienna with three more maps
0:08:22 > 0:08:25that show the borders of Europe as they were redrawn by historic
0:08:25 > 0:08:27treaties and peace accords.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30In each case, I want you to identify the treaty or accord that
0:08:30 > 0:08:31established them.
0:08:31 > 0:08:35All are named after the places in which they were formulated.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37First, I want the name traditionally given to the series of
0:08:37 > 0:08:40treaties that resulted in these political boundaries.
0:08:42 > 0:08:44This is the Peace of Westphalia.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46- Yes.- Yeah.- Peace of Westphalia.
0:08:46 > 0:08:47It is the Peace of Westphalia.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50Secondly, the treaty that resulted in these borders.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56Oh, that's...the Councils of Claremont.
0:08:56 > 0:08:57Oh... Yeah. Try that.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59Well, it's earlier than that.
0:08:59 > 0:09:01I think this is after Charlemagne.
0:09:01 > 0:09:02Charlemagne, isn't that...?
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Isn't that Claremont? Isn't that Claremont?
0:09:04 > 0:09:06- I don't remember.- Claremont?
0:09:06 > 0:09:10No, it's Verdun in 843 AD. And finally,
0:09:10 > 0:09:13any of the three treaties that resulted in these frontiers.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19- Erm...this is the Treaty of Versailles maybe, probably.- Yeah.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21Yeah, Treaty of Versailles? Versailles?
0:09:21 > 0:09:23Yeah, that'll do. Great. APPLAUSE
0:09:23 > 0:09:25Terrific. 10 points for this.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Which lower-case Greek letter represents in statistics the
0:09:28 > 0:09:30standard deviation of a...?
0:09:30 > 0:09:31Sigma.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34Sigma is correct. Yes. APPLAUSE
0:09:36 > 0:09:38These bonuses are on duelling, Balliol.
0:09:38 > 0:09:43In 1598, which literary figure killed the actor
0:09:43 > 0:09:46Gabriel Spenser in a duel fought with swords?
0:09:46 > 0:09:49He avoided the gallows but was branded on the thumb as
0:09:49 > 0:09:51a convicted felon.
0:09:51 > 0:09:52When did Marlowe die?
0:09:53 > 0:09:55Erm...
0:09:55 > 0:09:57Might be the sort of person to do that, then.
0:09:57 > 0:09:58Marlowe?
0:09:58 > 0:10:00No, he was killed in a brawl.
0:10:00 > 0:10:03It was Ben Jonson. In Hamburg in 1704,
0:10:03 > 0:10:06which composer fought a duel with his friend Johann Mattheson in
0:10:06 > 0:10:10a quarrel during the performance of the latter's opera Cleopatra?
0:10:10 > 0:10:13A large coat button is said to have deflected Mattheson's sword.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17- What was the date again?- 1704.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19German. Hindemith or something.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21- No idea.- No, no, that's...
0:10:21 > 0:10:23actually going to be...
0:10:23 > 0:10:24Hindemith.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27No, it was Handel, they were squabbling over who'd conduct
0:10:27 > 0:10:28the second half.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31And considered the founder of modern algebra,
0:10:31 > 0:10:34in particular of group theory, which French mathematician died...?
0:10:34 > 0:10:35Galois.
0:10:35 > 0:10:37Galois is correct. APPLAUSE 10 points for this.
0:10:37 > 0:10:40What two-word term appears in the title of a work of 2005 by
0:10:40 > 0:10:44Joan Didion and denotes a cognitive disorder involving the belief
0:10:44 > 0:10:48that one event happens as a result of another...?
0:10:48 > 0:10:50Post hoc ergo propter hoc?
0:10:50 > 0:10:52No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54One event happens as a result of another without
0:10:54 > 0:10:56a plausible link of causation?
0:11:01 > 0:11:02Just world?
0:11:02 > 0:11:05No, it's magical thinking, as in The Year Of Magical Thinking.
0:11:05 > 0:11:0810 points for this. Traditionally regarded as a holy relic,
0:11:08 > 0:11:12the Iron Crown of Lombardy is housed...?
0:11:12 > 0:11:14It's housed in Italy somewhere.
0:11:14 > 0:11:16- Sorry. - LAUGHTER
0:11:16 > 0:11:19I mean, it's the one that they use to crown the King of Italy.
0:11:19 > 0:11:21- Yes, I'm afraid that is a completely useless answer.- Yeah, it is.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24LAUGHTER And you lose five points.
0:11:24 > 0:11:26It's housed in the cathedral of which city? Situated
0:11:26 > 0:11:30about 15km north-east of Milan,
0:11:30 > 0:11:34it is a regular venue of the Italian Formula One Grand Prix.
0:11:34 > 0:11:35You may not confer...
0:11:35 > 0:11:37- Monza.- Monza is correct.
0:11:37 > 0:11:42Yes. APPLAUSE
0:11:42 > 0:11:46These bonuses are on cosmology in the 18th century.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49Get them, you'll take the lead. Born in Stockholm in 1688,
0:11:49 > 0:11:53which thinker was an early proponent of the nebular hypothesis, the
0:11:53 > 0:11:57idea that the solar system formed from a cloud of rotating gas?
0:11:58 > 0:12:01It's called the hypothesis in physics,
0:12:01 > 0:12:04so there must have been some guy who got there first.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06- Stockholm...- Swedish people?
0:12:06 > 0:12:07- Er...- What are two names? Kant-Laplace?
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- Yeah, but obviously Immanuel Kant isn't born in Stockholm.- Right.
0:12:11 > 0:12:12Erm... So...
0:12:12 > 0:12:13Laplace.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15No, it was Swedenborg.
0:12:15 > 0:12:18Secondly, which German philosopher applied Newtonian
0:12:18 > 0:12:22principles to the nebular hypothesis in his 1755 work
0:12:22 > 0:12:26Universal Natural History And Theory Of The Heavens?
0:12:26 > 0:12:27- That's probably Kant.- Immanuel Kant?
0:12:27 > 0:12:28That was Immanuel Kant.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31Which French scientist independently advanced the nebular
0:12:31 > 0:12:35hypothesis in a work of 1796? Noted for his works on celestial...
0:12:35 > 0:12:36Laplace.
0:12:36 > 0:12:37Laplace is correct, yes.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39APPLAUSE That gives you the lead.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43Right, another starter question. Born 1854, which Frenchman gives
0:12:43 > 0:12:48his name to a sphere used in optics, a symmetry group associated with
0:12:48 > 0:12:50the special theory of relativity
0:12:50 > 0:12:53and the conjecture about the topology...?
0:12:53 > 0:12:54Poincare.
0:12:54 > 0:12:58Poincare is correct. APPLAUSE
0:12:58 > 0:13:00These bonuses are on prose authors
0:13:00 > 0:13:03cited in the Oxford English Dictionary.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06Firstly for five, the OED cites which Scottish author as the
0:13:06 > 0:13:09first user of the term freelance?
0:13:09 > 0:13:12In this case, he's referring to a mercenary knight in
0:13:12 > 0:13:15a historical novel of 1819.
0:13:15 > 0:13:161819? Yeah, Walter Scott.
0:13:16 > 0:13:21Correct. Which 19th-century English novelist is cited in the OED as the
0:13:21 > 0:13:24first user of the noun rampage,
0:13:24 > 0:13:28the verb flummox and the word doormat when applied to a person?
0:13:28 > 0:13:29Charles Dickens?
0:13:29 > 0:13:31It was Charles Dickens.
0:13:31 > 0:13:35The OED states that which US author may have coined the word
0:13:35 > 0:13:39nerd in the 1950 children's book If I Ran The Zoo?
0:13:39 > 0:13:40Hmm.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43Could it be, erm...? Who's that guy, who...?
0:13:43 > 0:13:46- Maurice... - Yeah, I think Sendak.
0:13:46 > 0:13:47Maurice Sendak?
0:13:47 > 0:13:49No, it was Dr Seuss.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51Right, another starter question.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54You're going to hear part of a recording of a lecture by
0:13:54 > 0:13:56a major 20th-century figure.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Ten points if you can identify him.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01But liberty is not merely a cultural matter...
0:14:03 > 0:14:04Is it Russell?
0:14:04 > 0:14:07It is Bertrand Russell, yes. APPLAUSE
0:14:09 > 0:14:11Recorded in 1948,
0:14:11 > 0:14:14that lecture by Bertrand Russell was one of the inaugural Reith
0:14:14 > 0:14:19Lectures, the BBC series of annual lectures by significant thinkers.
0:14:19 > 0:14:23Your bonuses are excerpts from three recent Reith lectures.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25For the five points, in each case all you have to do
0:14:25 > 0:14:26is to identify the lecturer.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28Firstly for five...
0:14:28 > 0:14:32The freedom to make contact with other human beings with whom
0:14:32 > 0:14:36you may wish to share thoughts, your hopes, your laughter
0:14:36 > 0:14:39and at times even your anger and indignation
0:14:39 > 0:14:42is a right that should never be violated.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44Nominate Chaudhri.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46It's Aung San Suu Kyi.
0:14:46 > 0:14:48It is Aung San Suu Kyi, yes.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50Secondly...
0:14:50 > 0:14:54But the bedrock nature of space and time and the structure of our
0:14:54 > 0:14:58entire universe are surely among science's great open frontiers.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01- Think it's...- Nominate Chaudhri.
0:15:01 > 0:15:02Martin Rees.
0:15:02 > 0:15:05It is Martin Rees, yes. And finally...
0:15:05 > 0:15:08But the thing is, I think there are boundaries still about what
0:15:08 > 0:15:10- can and cannot be art... - Oh, yeah, Grayson Perry.
0:15:10 > 0:15:13- ..but the limits are softened. - Grayson Perry.
0:15:13 > 0:15:15Grayson Perry is correct. APPLAUSE
0:15:15 > 0:15:17Right, ten points for this starter question.
0:15:17 > 0:15:22Said to be based on Truman Capote, which character in...?
0:15:22 > 0:15:23Dill?
0:15:23 > 0:15:26Dill is correct, yes. APPLAUSE
0:15:26 > 0:15:28In To Kill A Mockingbird.
0:15:28 > 0:15:31That means you retake the lead and your bonuses now are on
0:15:31 > 0:15:32Tudor executions, Wolfson.
0:15:32 > 0:15:35In each case, you will hear a list of three people executed in
0:15:35 > 0:15:38successive years of the 16th century.
0:15:38 > 0:15:42In each case, I need one of those three years and the name of
0:15:42 > 0:15:44the reigning monarch.
0:15:44 > 0:15:49Firstly, the Nun of Kent, Sir Thomas More and Anne Boleyn.
0:15:49 > 0:15:50That was like 15...
0:15:51 > 0:15:53Henry VIII and 15...
0:15:53 > 0:15:5438?
0:15:54 > 0:15:56- 38? OK.- I don't know...
0:15:56 > 0:15:59Henry VIII in 1538?
0:15:59 > 0:16:02No, I'm afraid you can't get the points. They were 1534, 1535 and
0:16:02 > 0:16:051536. It was, though, Henry VIII, obviously.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10Secondly, Lady Jane Grey, Nicholas Ridley and Thomas Cranmer.
0:16:10 > 0:16:14That'd be Mary I in 1550... Let's say 1558.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17Cos that was a... Or, no, 1550... 15...
0:16:17 > 0:16:19- Elizabeth came in 1558.- 1550, maybe?
0:16:19 > 0:16:22- 1550?- No, 15... Well... - I'll nominate you.
0:16:22 > 0:16:23I don't know. It's...
0:16:23 > 0:16:25- Just do it between...- 1555, then?
0:16:25 > 0:16:27- 1555, yeah.- OK.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Mary I, 1555.
0:16:30 > 0:16:34Yeah, 1554 and 1556 for the two others. Yes.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37And finally, the Roman Catholic priest Thomas Aufield,
0:16:37 > 0:16:41the conspirator Anthony Babington and Mary Queen of Scots.
0:16:41 > 0:16:46- I think that's like '87, 1687? - Yeah.- 1587, Elizabeth I.- Yeah.
0:16:46 > 0:16:491587, Elizabeth I.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52Correct. APPLAUSE The others were 1585 and 1586.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54You got the monarch absolutely spot-on.
0:16:54 > 0:16:56Ten points for this. Listen carefully, answer as soon as
0:16:56 > 0:16:57your name is called.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01The atomic number of sulphur is 16.
0:17:01 > 0:17:03What is the sum of the atomic numbers of the four
0:17:03 > 0:17:07elements whose symbols spell the word snob?
0:17:18 > 0:17:1937?
0:17:19 > 0:17:21Anyone like to buzz from Wolfson?
0:17:26 > 0:17:2731?
0:17:27 > 0:17:32No, it's 36. 16, 7, 8 and 5.
0:17:32 > 0:17:33So, 10 points for this.
0:17:33 > 0:17:37What given name links the 17th-century Queen of Sweden known
0:17:37 > 0:17:39as the Minerva of the North...
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Christina.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46Christina is correct, yes. APPLAUSE
0:17:46 > 0:17:50Your bonuses are on languages this time, Wolfson,
0:17:50 > 0:17:55and the two-letter ISO codes used to denote them in Wikipedia addresses.
0:17:55 > 0:17:57English, for example, is EN.
0:17:57 > 0:18:01The two-letter ISO code for which major African language is the
0:18:01 > 0:18:05same as the internet top-level domain of the country between
0:18:05 > 0:18:08Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan?
0:18:08 > 0:18:12- So that's Armenia, AR.- Yeah. - And Afrikaans?- Afrikaans, sure.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14Afrikaans?
0:18:14 > 0:18:16No, it's Amharic, it's AM.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19Secondly, the element between potassium and scandium in the
0:18:19 > 0:18:23periodic table has a symbol that corresponds to the ISO code
0:18:23 > 0:18:26for which Romance language?
0:18:26 > 0:18:31- Is that francium?- No.- Then... - Potassium.- Potassium, calcium?
0:18:31 > 0:18:33- Calcium...- Canada.- Canada?
0:18:33 > 0:18:39- Sorry, between scandium, so it's... - It's caesium.- So, Czech?- OK, yeah.
0:18:39 > 0:18:41Czech?
0:18:41 > 0:18:43No, it's Catalan.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46And lastly, which Turkic language has a two-letter ISO code
0:18:46 > 0:18:50that is also the postal abbreviation for the US state between
0:18:50 > 0:18:52Indiana and Tennessee?
0:18:52 > 0:18:59- Is it Kentucky? So Kyrgyz? - I don't know.- I think it is. Kyrgyz?
0:18:59 > 0:19:02Correct. 10 points for this. APPLAUSE
0:19:02 > 0:19:05In Earth science, what four-letter term denotes the zone that
0:19:05 > 0:19:07separates the Earth's crust from the mantle?
0:19:07 > 0:19:11It is a shortened form of the surname of a Croatian seismologist.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14It's the Mohorovicic discontinuity.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17Nope.
0:19:17 > 0:19:18Moho.
0:19:18 > 0:19:20Moho is correct.
0:19:20 > 0:19:22You got the source but I was looking for the term.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24I'm afraid you lose five points, too, as well.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27Your bonuses, Balliol, are on flowering plants.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30In each case, give the common or the scientific name of the
0:19:30 > 0:19:33family described. Firstly, for five points,
0:19:33 > 0:19:37which family includes the clematis, anemone and marsh marigold?
0:19:37 > 0:19:41It's usually named after a distinctive meadow flower avoided by cattle.
0:19:41 > 0:19:44(Buttercups?)
0:19:44 > 0:19:46THEY CONFER
0:19:46 > 0:19:48Buttercups.
0:19:48 > 0:19:49Correct.
0:19:49 > 0:19:52Which family includes the cranberry, azalea and rhododendron?
0:19:52 > 0:19:54It's often named after the low evergreen shrub that is the
0:19:54 > 0:19:56main food of the red grouse.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- Gorse?- Gorse, did you say? - Yeah.- Gorse.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03No, it's Heather.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06And finally, apples, almonds, cherries and strawberries
0:20:06 > 0:20:09belong to which family, named after a common garden flower?
0:20:13 > 0:20:15(A common garden flower?) Rose.
0:20:15 > 0:20:18Correct. APPLAUSE
0:20:18 > 0:20:20We're going to take a picture round now.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23For your picture starter, you're going to see a painting that's
0:20:23 > 0:20:25a reinterpretation of a work by another artist.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28For 10 points, I want the name of both the artist responsible for the
0:20:28 > 0:20:32painting you will see and the painter of the original work on which it is based.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37Velazquez and Picasso.
0:20:37 > 0:20:41Correct. APPLAUSE
0:20:41 > 0:20:43Puts you on level pegging again.
0:20:43 > 0:20:46And your picture bonuses are three more paintings,
0:20:46 > 0:20:50each a reinterpretation of a particular work by another artist.
0:20:50 > 0:20:54In each case, I want both the name of the artist who painted it
0:20:54 > 0:20:56and the artist on whose work it was based. Firstly...
0:20:59 > 0:21:01So, that's, that's The Rape of... It's Tintoretto.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04I haven't the foggiest who that's based on, though.
0:21:07 > 0:21:11Could it be...? Is it Rubens based on Tintoretto?
0:21:11 > 0:21:13Yeah, Rubens and Tintoretto.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16No, it's Rubens and Titian.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18Secondly...
0:21:18 > 0:21:21Van Gogh and Hiroshige.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23Correct. And thirdly...
0:21:24 > 0:21:30- Erm, that's Rembrandt.- Is it Monet? - Could be Monet, he was the one who was very blurry.
0:21:30 > 0:21:32- Yeah.- Monet and Rembrandt.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35No, it's MANET and Rembrandt. AUDIENCE GROANS
0:21:35 > 0:21:3810 points for this. For what does the J stand in the abbreviation
0:21:38 > 0:21:43JTB, used in the modern interpretation of the philosophy of Plato to define...
0:21:44 > 0:21:45Justified.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49Correct. APPLAUSE
0:21:49 > 0:21:52Your bonuses are on physics this time, Balliol.
0:21:52 > 0:21:55Named after an Indian physicist born in 1894,
0:21:55 > 0:21:58what broad class of particles in the standard model of particle
0:21:58 > 0:22:00physics have integer spin?
0:22:00 > 0:22:02Bosons.
0:22:02 > 0:22:06Correct. What type of massless boson with zero electrical charge is
0:22:06 > 0:22:09involved in transmitting the strong force between quarks?
0:22:09 > 0:22:11Gluon.
0:22:11 > 0:22:13- Gluon.- Correct.
0:22:13 > 0:22:16Finally, which three heavy bosons carry the weak nuclear force?
0:22:16 > 0:22:22- Erm, W and Z.- Three.- Yeah, there's two charge states of W.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25OK, so the two Ws and a Z.
0:22:25 > 0:22:27- The two Ws being? - W plus and minus.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30Correct. Absolutely.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32Right, another starter question.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35Who was the first Scottish king to make a pilgrimage to Rome?
0:22:35 > 0:22:40He came to the throne after defeating Duncan I in battle and was himself...
0:22:40 > 0:22:42Macbeth.
0:22:42 > 0:22:45Correct. APPLAUSE
0:22:45 > 0:22:50You get three bonuses on the academic and translator David Bellos.
0:22:50 > 0:22:54In 1994, Bellos won the Prix Goncourt for his
0:22:54 > 0:22:58biography of which French author who died in 1982?
0:22:58 > 0:23:01His novels, some translated by Bellos, include
0:23:01 > 0:23:05Life: A User's Manual, and Things: A Story Of The Sixties.
0:23:05 > 0:23:08- I've no idea what the answer to this one is.- I'm really not sure.
0:23:08 > 0:23:10- THEY CONFER - Camus?
0:23:12 > 0:23:14No, it was Georges Perec.
0:23:14 > 0:23:18Bellos has translated several novels by Ismail Kadare
0:23:18 > 0:23:21from French into English. In what language were they originally written?
0:23:21 > 0:23:23Arabic, maybe?
0:23:23 > 0:23:25- No, Kadare...- Arabic?
0:23:25 > 0:23:28No, it's Albanian. He's Albania's most famous novelist, really.
0:23:28 > 0:23:31In 1989, Bellos published a biography of which French
0:23:31 > 0:23:35actor and film-maker? His works include Monsieur Hulot's Holiday.
0:23:35 > 0:23:37Is it Jean-Luc Godard?
0:23:37 > 0:23:40- Your guess is as good as mine. - Jean-Luc Godard?
0:23:40 > 0:23:42No, it's Jacques Tati.
0:23:42 > 0:23:444 minutes to go, 10 points for this.
0:23:44 > 0:23:46What final letter links the English names of
0:23:46 > 0:23:50the four countries whose cities include Pokhara...
0:23:50 > 0:23:52N?
0:23:52 > 0:23:54No. You lose five points.
0:23:54 > 0:23:58..Ziguinchor, Braga and Porto Alegre?
0:24:01 > 0:24:03- L.- L is correct, yes.
0:24:06 > 0:24:09Balliol, you get a set of bonuses on cities in South America.
0:24:09 > 0:24:13Firstly, for five points, founded by Pedro de Valdivia
0:24:13 > 0:24:16in 1541, which South American capital shares its name in
0:24:16 > 0:24:20part with a major site of pilgrimage in north-western Spain?
0:24:20 > 0:24:22- (Chile...)- Santiago.
0:24:22 > 0:24:25- Correct. - (Yeah, Santiago.)
0:24:25 > 0:24:27Home to its country's busiest airport,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30Santa Cruz de la Sierra is a major city in which landlocked country?
0:24:30 > 0:24:32- Bolivia?- Bolivia.
0:24:32 > 0:24:36Correct. And finally, which major South American city is dedicated to
0:24:36 > 0:24:38St Sebastien?
0:24:38 > 0:24:40It was the capital of its country from independence
0:24:40 > 0:24:42in 1822 until 1960.
0:24:42 > 0:24:47- Buenos Aires. Oh, no...- Rio?
0:24:47 > 0:24:50No, we want the country, don't we? No, we want the city.
0:24:50 > 0:24:52Which was the capital of Brazil before Brasilia?
0:24:52 > 0:24:54- Rio de Janeiro. - Yeah, Rio de Janeiro.
0:24:54 > 0:24:57APPLAUSE Correct. 10 points for this -
0:24:57 > 0:25:01in stage works, which two letters begin the names of an ancient British ruler
0:25:01 > 0:25:04and a flamboyant soldier in love with Roxanne?
0:25:04 > 0:25:07They're the title characters of works by Shakespeare and Edmond Rostand.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12- C Y.- C Y is correct. APPLAUSE
0:25:14 > 0:25:18Cymbeline and Cyrano de Bergerac. You get three bonuses now on geology.
0:25:18 > 0:25:22In each case, give both four-letter terms defined.
0:25:22 > 0:25:27The two terms in each question differ only by a single letter.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30Firstly, the site of excavation of minerals, and consisting of
0:25:30 > 0:25:34small particles, the opposite of coarse.
0:25:34 > 0:25:35Mine and fine.
0:25:35 > 0:25:38Correct. Secondly, the unsorted sediment laid down by a glacier,
0:25:38 > 0:25:42for example, boulder clay, and tabular intrusive igneous rock.
0:25:45 > 0:25:49- It's, erm... Tabular intrusive... Erm...- I don't...- Tuft and...- Sill?
0:25:49 > 0:25:51Sill and till.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Correct. And finally, fine-grained sediment deposited by rivers,
0:25:55 > 0:25:59and a simple compound whose mineral form is halite.
0:25:59 > 0:26:04- Is it salt?- Salt and... Salt and silt?- Yeah.- Salt and silt.
0:26:04 > 0:26:06Correct. 10 points for this.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09What three-letter word often precedes the names of plants to
0:26:09 > 0:26:13indicate that they are considered inferior, worthless or unfit for human consumption?
0:26:13 > 0:26:15Examples include fennel, violet and rose.
0:26:17 > 0:26:21Decorative and bad.
0:26:21 > 0:26:23No.
0:26:23 > 0:26:26- Sub.- No, it's dog. 10 points for this.
0:26:26 > 0:26:30The timespan of which Chinese dynasty encompassed the lives of the literary figures
0:26:30 > 0:26:34Gavin Douglas, Thomas Mallory and Edmund Spenser?
0:26:34 > 0:26:37- Ming.- Ming is correct.
0:26:37 > 0:26:40APPLAUSE
0:26:40 > 0:26:43Your bonuses, Balliol, are on German cities
0:26:43 > 0:26:46as they've appeared over the years in references on this programme.
0:26:46 > 0:26:50Firstly, the birthplace of Brahms and Mendelssohn, which city
0:26:50 > 0:26:54links early European coffeehouses with the mouth of the River Elbe?
0:26:56 > 0:26:59- If it's the mouth of the Elbe, then it's Hamburg.- OK. Hamburg.
0:26:59 > 0:27:02Correct. The birthplace of Albrecht Durer, secondly, which city links
0:27:02 > 0:27:06the 16th-century pocket watch with Wagner's Meistersingers?
0:27:07 > 0:27:09- I think it's von Nurnberg. - Nurnberg?
0:27:09 > 0:27:11Nuremberg is right.
0:27:11 > 0:27:14And finally, the birthplace of Lucien Freud, which city links
0:27:14 > 0:27:18the limestone bust of Nefertiti with a 1973 album by Lou Reed?
0:27:18 > 0:27:22- Oh, wait a sec, Lou Reed, Berlin. - Yeah.- Berlin.
0:27:22 > 0:27:24Berlin is right. 10 points for this. Which element
0:27:24 > 0:27:28did the German physicist Friedrich Ernst Dorn discover in 1900...?
0:27:28 > 0:27:30GONG
0:27:30 > 0:27:33And at the gong, Wolfson College, Cambridge have 140,
0:27:33 > 0:27:37Balliol College, Oxford have 190.
0:27:37 > 0:27:39APPLAUSE
0:27:39 > 0:27:41Well, Wolfson, bad luck.
0:27:41 > 0:27:44You've been one of the more entertaining teams in this year's contest.
0:27:44 > 0:27:47But thank you very much for joining us and there is absolutely
0:27:47 > 0:27:49no shame in being runners-up.
0:27:49 > 0:27:51And, Balliol, many congratulations to you.
0:27:51 > 0:27:56You are of course the series champions of University Challenge for 2016-17.
0:27:56 > 0:27:59Well done. APPLAUSE
0:28:01 > 0:28:05CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:28:09 > 0:28:13Well, we recorded that final a little while earlier and now
0:28:13 > 0:28:15for the trophy presentation.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17For only the second time in the programme's history,
0:28:17 > 0:28:22we've left the studio and come to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,
0:28:22 > 0:28:26where one of the fellows will look after our two finalists tonight.
0:28:26 > 0:28:29He's one of the world's leading theoretical physicists and
0:28:29 > 0:28:33probably the most famous scientist in the world.
0:28:33 > 0:28:37Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Professor Stephen Hawking.
0:28:43 > 0:28:47Professor, can I ask you to say a few words to tonight's finalists?
0:28:48 > 0:28:52I have said in the past that it is not clear whether intelligence
0:28:52 > 0:28:55has any long-term survival value.
0:28:55 > 0:28:59Bacteria multiply and flourish without it.
0:28:59 > 0:29:01JEREMY CHUCKLES
0:29:02 > 0:29:05But it has one of the most admirable qualities,
0:29:05 > 0:29:09especially when displayed by such young minds.
0:29:09 > 0:29:13Many congratulations to both teams, and especially to
0:29:13 > 0:29:18Balliol College, Oxford on becoming series champions on
0:29:18 > 0:29:22University Challenge, a programme I have long enjoyed.
0:29:23 > 0:29:27APPLAUSE
0:29:27 > 0:29:29Well, thank you very much.
0:29:29 > 0:29:32Balliol, I think it's time you received the trophy, then.
0:29:32 > 0:29:36Many congratulations to you. APPLAUSE
0:29:41 > 0:29:44Well, that's it. Many thanks to Professor Stephen Hawking.
0:29:44 > 0:29:48Thanks to both our finalists and congratulations, too, to all
0:29:48 > 0:29:51the dozens of teams that took part or tried to take part,
0:29:51 > 0:29:53and many thanks to you for watching.
0:29:53 > 0:29:58Until next time, goodbye. APPLAUSE