Episode 31

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0:00:17 > 0:00:20APPLAUSE

0:00:20 > 0:00:22University Challenge.

0:00:22 > 0:00:24Asking the questions,

0:00:24 > 0:00:26Jeremy Paxman.

0:00:27 > 0:00:31Hello. The winners and losers in this quarterfinal stage

0:00:31 > 0:00:34of the competition are starting to make themselves known.

0:00:34 > 0:00:37After five matches, the team from Ulster University

0:00:37 > 0:00:38has said its final goodbye,

0:00:38 > 0:00:40but St John's College, Cambridge

0:00:40 > 0:00:44have taken the first of the four places in the semifinals,

0:00:44 > 0:00:47and whichever team wins tonight will join them there

0:00:47 > 0:00:51as both already have one quarterfinal victory behind them.

0:00:51 > 0:00:54The losers will return for a last chance to qualify.

0:00:54 > 0:00:56Now, the team from Merton College, Oxford

0:00:56 > 0:00:58have an unblemished record so far.

0:00:58 > 0:01:01They dispatched King's College London in round one

0:01:01 > 0:01:04by 285 to 110, and then in round two,

0:01:04 > 0:01:08they rained on the parade of Oxford Brookes University,

0:01:08 > 0:01:11beating them by a margin of 255 to 175.

0:01:11 > 0:01:15Their first quarterfinal victory was at the expense of

0:01:15 > 0:01:17Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge,

0:01:17 > 0:01:19with 270 points to 125,

0:01:19 > 0:01:23so with an accumulated score of an impressive 810

0:01:23 > 0:01:25and an average age of 23,

0:01:25 > 0:01:29let's meet the Merton team for the fourth time.

0:01:29 > 0:01:32Hello. I'm Edward Thomas, I'm originally from Oxford,

0:01:32 > 0:01:33though I now live in Kent,

0:01:33 > 0:01:37and I'm reading ancient and modern history.

0:01:37 > 0:01:40Hello. I'm Alexander Peplow from Amersham in Buckinghamshire,

0:01:40 > 0:01:42and I'm reading for a masters in medieval studies.

0:01:42 > 0:01:44And here's their captain.

0:01:44 > 0:01:47Hello. I'm Leonie Woodland, I'm from Cambridge,

0:01:47 > 0:01:49and I'm reading physics.

0:01:49 > 0:01:52Hello. I'm Akira Wiberg, I'm from Sweden and Japan,

0:01:52 > 0:01:56and I'm reading for a doctorate in molecular and cellular medicine.

0:01:56 > 0:01:59APPLAUSE

0:02:00 > 0:02:04The team from Edinburgh University have a similarly spotless career

0:02:04 > 0:02:06but they like to cut it pretty fine.

0:02:06 > 0:02:08They beat Ulster University in round one

0:02:08 > 0:02:10by only a five-point margin,

0:02:10 > 0:02:12University College London in round two,

0:02:12 > 0:02:14again by a five-point margin,

0:02:14 > 0:02:16and Emmanuel College, Cambridge

0:02:16 > 0:02:20in their first quarterfinal by a scarcely more comfortable 15 points.

0:02:20 > 0:02:22Their accumulated score is 460,

0:02:22 > 0:02:24their average age is 22.

0:02:24 > 0:02:26Let's meet them again.

0:02:26 > 0:02:29Hi. I'm John, I'm from Edinburgh

0:02:29 > 0:02:31and I'm studying Russian and history.

0:02:31 > 0:02:33Hi. I'm Stanley, I'm from Edinburgh,

0:02:33 > 0:02:37and I'm studying for an MSc in speech and language processing.

0:02:37 > 0:02:38And this is their captain.

0:02:38 > 0:02:43Hi. I'm Innes. I'm from Glasgow, and I'm doing a PhD in chemistry.

0:02:43 > 0:02:47Hi. I'm Phillipa. I'm from Oxford and I'm studying biology.

0:02:47 > 0:02:48APPLAUSE

0:02:51 > 0:02:53OK. No point in wasting time reciting the rules.

0:02:53 > 0:02:56Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

0:02:56 > 0:03:00Who is the only person to have won both an Academy Award

0:03:00 > 0:03:02and a Nobel Prize?

0:03:02 > 0:03:04- George Bernard Shaw.- Correct.

0:03:07 > 0:03:11Three questions on Britain and Asia for the first set of bonuses.

0:03:11 > 0:03:14Firstly, seeking to extend its control

0:03:14 > 0:03:15and forestall Russian influence,

0:03:15 > 0:03:18Britain launched military expeditions against which country

0:03:18 > 0:03:22in 1839, 1878 and 1919?

0:03:22 > 0:03:24Afghanistan.

0:03:24 > 0:03:28Correct. In 1826 and 1852, Britain annexed portions of which country,

0:03:28 > 0:03:31finally subjugating it in a war of 1885?

0:03:31 > 0:03:36Upon independence in 1948, it declined to join the Commonwealth.

0:03:39 > 0:03:41Could it be Pakistan?

0:03:41 > 0:03:43Wasn't that '47?

0:03:43 > 0:03:44Um...

0:03:46 > 0:03:48- Burma. Burma?- Burma.

0:03:48 > 0:03:50Burma is correct.

0:03:50 > 0:03:53By the 1816 Treaty of Sugauli,

0:03:53 > 0:03:55which country agreed to receive a British resident

0:03:55 > 0:03:57with the status of an ambassador?

0:03:57 > 0:04:00As a result, it never became part of British India.

0:04:05 > 0:04:07Nepal, maybe?

0:04:07 > 0:04:09Is this a country?

0:04:09 > 0:04:11Yeah.

0:04:11 > 0:04:13China or Nepal?

0:04:13 > 0:04:14Nepal, they've got Gurkhas.

0:04:14 > 0:04:15- Nepal?- Yeah.

0:04:15 > 0:04:17Nepal.

0:04:17 > 0:04:19Nepal is correct. 10 points for this.

0:04:19 > 0:04:23In molecular biology, what term denotes those proteins that assist

0:04:23 > 0:04:27newly synthesised proteins to fold into their...

0:04:27 > 0:04:29Chaperone proteins.

0:04:29 > 0:04:31Correct.

0:04:32 > 0:04:35Your bonuses this time, Merton, are on Russian literature.

0:04:35 > 0:04:39In each case, name the creator of the following characters.

0:04:39 > 0:04:43All three authors were born AND died during the 19th century.

0:04:43 > 0:04:47Firstly, Arkady Kirsanov, Fyodor Lavretsky

0:04:47 > 0:04:49and the sculptor Pavel Shubin.

0:04:51 > 0:04:53It's not Gorky.

0:04:53 > 0:04:56- Could be Turgenev.- Could have been.

0:04:56 > 0:04:58- Could be. It's not Tolstoy.- Yeah.

0:04:58 > 0:05:00Turgenev.

0:05:00 > 0:05:01Correct.

0:05:01 > 0:05:05Secondly, the merchant Kalashnikov, Maxim Maximych

0:05:05 > 0:05:08and Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin.

0:05:10 > 0:05:12- Gogol?- Dostoevsky?

0:05:12 > 0:05:15Did he live into the 20th century, though?

0:05:15 > 0:05:17- Gorky did.- Say Gogol.

0:05:17 > 0:05:18Gogol.

0:05:18 > 0:05:21No, it's Lermontov.

0:05:21 > 0:05:27And finally, Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov and Rodion Raskolnikov.

0:05:27 > 0:05:29- That's Dostoevsky.- Dostoevsky.

0:05:29 > 0:05:31Correct. 10 points for this.

0:05:31 > 0:05:34Estimated to hold the world's largest reserves of bauxite,

0:05:34 > 0:05:38which country, in 1958, became the first independent...

0:05:40 > 0:05:41Oh. Australia.

0:05:41 > 0:05:43No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

0:05:43 > 0:05:46..became the first independent francophone state

0:05:46 > 0:05:47in Sub-Saharan Africa?

0:05:47 > 0:05:50It shares borders with five other coastal countries,

0:05:50 > 0:05:55including Senegal, Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire.

0:05:55 > 0:05:57Ghana.

0:05:57 > 0:05:59No, Ghana's not francophone.

0:05:59 > 0:06:01It's Guinea.

0:06:01 > 0:06:02Right, ten points for this.

0:06:02 > 0:06:07What name and regnal number link the King of Navarre, known as the Bad,

0:06:07 > 0:06:10the holy Roman emperor known as the Bald,

0:06:10 > 0:06:13the last Habsburg King of Spain, known as the Bewitched,

0:06:13 > 0:06:17and the British King, whose accession in 1660

0:06:17 > 0:06:19marked the restoration...

0:06:19 > 0:06:22- II.- Name?- James.

0:06:22 > 0:06:24No, you lose five points.

0:06:24 > 0:06:26- Anyone like to buzz... - Charles II.

0:06:26 > 0:06:28Charles II is correct, yes.

0:06:30 > 0:06:32A set of bonuses this time for you, Merton College,

0:06:32 > 0:06:36on Danish scientists. I need an 11-letter answer here.

0:06:36 > 0:06:38In 1897, Bernhard Lauritz Bang

0:06:38 > 0:06:42discovered a causative agent of which contagious zoonotic disease,

0:06:42 > 0:06:47known in humans as undulant or Malta fever?

0:06:47 > 0:06:48Brucellosis.

0:06:48 > 0:06:50- Nominate Wiberg.- Brucellosis.

0:06:50 > 0:06:51Correct.

0:06:51 > 0:06:56In 1920, August Krogh was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine

0:06:56 > 0:07:00for his discovery of the motor regulating mechanism

0:07:00 > 0:07:02of which minute blood vessels

0:07:02 > 0:07:05that bridge between arterial and venous circulation.

0:07:05 > 0:07:07Capillaries, presumably.

0:07:07 > 0:07:08Yeah. Probably, bridging.

0:07:08 > 0:07:10Capillaries.

0:07:10 > 0:07:11Correct.

0:07:11 > 0:07:13In the early 20th century, Johannes Schmidt discovered

0:07:13 > 0:07:18that European eels migrate to which area of the North Atlantic to spawn?

0:07:18 > 0:07:21It takes its name from a genus of free-floating seaweed.

0:07:21 > 0:07:23It's the Sargasso Sea.

0:07:23 > 0:07:25- Sargasso?- Yeah.

0:07:25 > 0:07:26- The Sargasso Sea.- Correct.

0:07:26 > 0:07:29We're going to take a picture round now.

0:07:29 > 0:07:31For your picture starter, you'll see

0:07:31 > 0:07:34the flag of a large administrative subdivision of a country.

0:07:34 > 0:07:36For ten points, I want you

0:07:36 > 0:07:39to name that national subdivision.

0:07:40 > 0:07:41Alaska.

0:07:41 > 0:07:43Alaska is correct.

0:07:46 > 0:07:48Now, if Alaska were an independent nation,

0:07:48 > 0:07:52it would displace Iran as the world's 18th-largest country.

0:07:52 > 0:07:57Your picture bonuses are the flags of three more sub-national polities,

0:07:57 > 0:08:00all of which would be amongst the 20 largest countries in the world,

0:08:00 > 0:08:02if independent.

0:08:02 > 0:08:03Firstly, for five points,

0:08:03 > 0:08:05this sub-national division.

0:08:05 > 0:08:07If independent, it would supplant Mexico

0:08:07 > 0:08:10as the 14th-largest country in the world.

0:08:12 > 0:08:15THEY CONFER

0:08:15 > 0:08:16- Nunavut.- Correct.

0:08:16 > 0:08:19Secondly, this sub-national division, if independent,

0:08:19 > 0:08:22it would find itself just behind India

0:08:22 > 0:08:25as the world's eighth-largest country.

0:08:25 > 0:08:27Where could that be?

0:08:27 > 0:08:29It might be Russia.

0:08:29 > 0:08:31I'm just trying to think of really big places.

0:08:31 > 0:08:36I'd be inclined to go for the Sakha Republic.

0:08:36 > 0:08:38Shall we just try that?

0:08:38 > 0:08:39The Sakha Republic.

0:08:39 > 0:08:40Correct.

0:08:40 > 0:08:43And finally, this sub-national division that, if independent,

0:08:43 > 0:08:46would be the world's 10th-largest state,

0:08:46 > 0:08:48being slightly smaller than Kazakhstan.

0:08:48 > 0:08:51Oh, that's Western Australia, isn't it?

0:08:51 > 0:08:52Yeah.

0:08:52 > 0:08:54Western Australia.

0:08:54 > 0:08:56Correct. Ten points for this.

0:08:57 > 0:08:59From the Urdu for veil or curtain,

0:08:59 > 0:09:01what word is used...

0:09:01 > 0:09:03Purda.

0:09:03 > 0:09:04Purda is correct, yes.

0:09:07 > 0:09:10Three questions on British theatre directors for your bonuses,

0:09:10 > 0:09:14Merton College. Born in 1925, which theatre director and producer

0:09:14 > 0:09:16is noted for his productions of Shakespeare,

0:09:16 > 0:09:20the first of which he directed at the age of 20?

0:09:20 > 0:09:24He later directed epic works, such as the 1985 Mahabharata.

0:09:26 > 0:09:29- Can you remember...?- Directors?

0:09:29 > 0:09:31Um...

0:09:31 > 0:09:33Polanski?

0:09:33 > 0:09:36- Polanski.- He's not British. - No, it's Peter Brook.

0:09:36 > 0:09:39Who, in 2013, became the first female artistic director

0:09:39 > 0:09:41of the Royal Court Theatre?

0:09:41 > 0:09:43She was a founder of the National Theatre of Scotland,

0:09:43 > 0:09:46where she commissioned the award-winning play Black Watch.

0:09:48 > 0:09:50- Any idea?- No.- We don't know.

0:09:50 > 0:09:51That was Vicky Featherstone.

0:09:51 > 0:09:55And finally, which former director of both the RSC

0:09:55 > 0:09:56and the National Theatre

0:09:56 > 0:09:59formed his own production company in 1988,

0:09:59 > 0:10:02staging The Merchant Of Venice with Dustin Hoffman,

0:10:02 > 0:10:06and Coward's Hay Fever with Dame Judi Dench?

0:10:08 > 0:10:13- What was the theatre director...? Trevor Nunn.- Yeah. Go for it.

0:10:13 > 0:10:14Trevor Nunn.

0:10:14 > 0:10:16No. It was Sir Peter Hall.

0:10:16 > 0:10:18Ten points for this.

0:10:18 > 0:10:21A special case of interference within thin films,

0:10:21 > 0:10:25what optical phenomenon is often used in the quality control

0:10:25 > 0:10:26of optical surfaces?

0:10:26 > 0:10:29It's observed when light falls on a spherical surface

0:10:29 > 0:10:32that's in contact with a flat surface,

0:10:32 > 0:10:36and appears as concentric alternating bright and dark rings.

0:10:39 > 0:10:42Lens flare.

0:10:42 > 0:10:44No. Anyone like to buzz from Merton College?

0:10:44 > 0:10:46Newton's rings.

0:10:46 > 0:10:47Correct.

0:10:50 > 0:10:53You get bonuses on US philosophers, Merton College.

0:10:53 > 0:10:56Born in 1839, the US philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce

0:10:56 > 0:11:00is generally held to be the founder of which school of philosophy?

0:11:00 > 0:11:02It states that an idea can be understood in terms

0:11:02 > 0:11:05of its real-life consequences.

0:11:05 > 0:11:06Pragmatism.

0:11:06 > 0:11:07Pragmatism.

0:11:07 > 0:11:11Correct. In the 1903 work Studies In Logical Theory,

0:11:11 > 0:11:14which US philosopher put forward a former pragmatism

0:11:14 > 0:11:16known as instrumentalism?

0:11:16 > 0:11:18Oh... That was Dewey.

0:11:18 > 0:11:19Dewey.

0:11:19 > 0:11:20Correct.

0:11:20 > 0:11:23Pragmatism, A New Name For Some Old Ways Of Thinking

0:11:23 > 0:11:26is a 1907 work by which philosopher,

0:11:26 > 0:11:28the brother of a major novelist?

0:11:28 > 0:11:30- William James.- I need his given name and surname.

0:11:30 > 0:11:31William James.

0:11:31 > 0:11:34Correct. Ten points for this.

0:11:34 > 0:11:38In 1924, to whom did the publisher Geoffrey Faber write,

0:11:38 > 0:11:42"What will impress my directors favourably..."

0:11:42 > 0:11:43TS Eliot.

0:11:43 > 0:11:45TS Eliot is correct.

0:11:47 > 0:11:50These bonuses are on our constellation, Merton College.

0:11:50 > 0:11:53The Ancient Greek constellation of Argo Navis

0:11:53 > 0:11:55comprises three modern constellations -

0:11:55 > 0:11:58Vela, representing the sails,

0:11:58 > 0:11:59Puppis the stern,

0:11:59 > 0:12:01and which other, representing the keel?

0:12:01 > 0:12:06The same word refers to a ridge on the breastbone of a bird.

0:12:09 > 0:12:12- I don't know what this is. - Dorsal maybe?

0:12:12 > 0:12:14That's not a constellation.

0:12:14 > 0:12:15That's the wrong side.

0:12:15 > 0:12:16Sternum.

0:12:16 > 0:12:18No, it's Carina.

0:12:18 > 0:12:21The white giant Canopus in the constellation Carina

0:12:21 > 0:12:25is the second-brightest star in the night sky when viewed from Earth,

0:12:25 > 0:12:29and is named after a helmsman of which figure of the Trojan War?

0:12:32 > 0:12:34Is that Achilles?

0:12:34 > 0:12:36Odysseus?

0:12:36 > 0:12:37Helmsman.

0:12:37 > 0:12:39Or...

0:12:39 > 0:12:42No, Odysseus would make sense because...

0:12:42 > 0:12:44Odysseus.

0:12:44 > 0:12:45No, it's Menelaus.

0:12:45 > 0:12:48What two-word name is commonly given to the feature formed by two

0:12:48 > 0:12:52stars in Carina and two stars in Vela that, because of its shape,

0:12:52 > 0:12:55is sometimes confused with the constellation Crux?

0:12:59 > 0:13:00Is it Lyra?

0:13:00 > 0:13:02- That is a constellation.- OK.

0:13:02 > 0:13:05Is it a cross? Is it the Southern Cross?

0:13:05 > 0:13:09- No. He just said it is confused with...- Anything else?

0:13:09 > 0:13:12We don't know.

0:13:12 > 0:13:13It's the False Cross.

0:13:13 > 0:13:15Ten points for this.

0:13:15 > 0:13:21In 1946, the letter O vanished, and the letters E-W were changed to a U

0:13:21 > 0:13:24in the name of what commercial product,

0:13:24 > 0:13:28launched in 1901 by the Falkirk and Glasgow-based Barr family?

0:13:30 > 0:13:32Irn-Bru.

0:13:32 > 0:13:34Irn-Bru, of course.

0:13:35 > 0:13:38Doubtless made you what you are. LAUGHTER

0:13:38 > 0:13:42Right, your bonuses are on female authors with male pen names.

0:13:42 > 0:13:44The so-called "rustic novels",

0:13:44 > 0:13:47La Mare Au Diable, Francois Le Champi

0:13:47 > 0:13:52and La Petite Fadette are about love transcending class and convention.

0:13:52 > 0:13:56They're among works of which 19th-century French writer?

0:13:56 > 0:13:59- A pseudonym.- I've no idea.

0:13:59 > 0:14:02- Just say that. Say the pseudonym. - What were you saying?

0:14:02 > 0:14:05- I've no idea. - What were you saying?

0:14:05 > 0:14:08I don't know what her pseudonym was.

0:14:08 > 0:14:10- I can't... I nominate you.- No!

0:14:10 > 0:14:11- I don't know.- I thought...

0:14:11 > 0:14:14- Never mind.- We don't know. Sorry.

0:14:14 > 0:14:15It was George Sand.

0:14:15 > 0:14:19Born in 1832, which US author wrote sensationalist stories under

0:14:19 > 0:14:22the pseudonym AM Barnard

0:14:22 > 0:14:26before finding fame with children's books published under her real name

0:14:26 > 0:14:28and based on her own childhood?

0:14:29 > 0:14:33Would that be LM Montgomery, Anne Of Green Gables? I don't know.

0:14:33 > 0:14:35- Yeah.- LM Montgomery.

0:14:35 > 0:14:38No, it's Louisa May Alcott.

0:14:38 > 0:14:42Finally, born Helen Lyndon Goff in 1899,

0:14:42 > 0:14:44which Australian-born writer is best known for a series

0:14:44 > 0:14:47of children's books about a nanny?

0:14:52 > 0:14:53It's not Mary Poppins, is it?

0:14:53 > 0:14:56- I've no idea. Who wrote that? - That's something Travers.

0:14:56 > 0:14:57Travers.

0:14:57 > 0:14:59Initials, please?

0:14:59 > 0:15:01- Oh, no!- PL.- PL?

0:15:01 > 0:15:03- PL Travers.- Correct.

0:15:05 > 0:15:07Right, we're going to take a music round.

0:15:07 > 0:15:09For your music starter, you'll hear part of an opera.

0:15:09 > 0:15:12Ten points if you can identify its composer.

0:15:12 > 0:15:15OPERATIC MUSIC PLAYS

0:15:26 > 0:15:27Britten.

0:15:27 > 0:15:30No. Anyone like to buzz from Merton?

0:15:30 > 0:15:32MUSIC RESUMES

0:15:40 > 0:15:42Bizet?

0:15:42 > 0:15:46No. That was the Witches' Chorus from Verdi's Macbeth.

0:15:46 > 0:15:48So ten points for this.

0:15:48 > 0:15:51From 1976, the military junta in which country

0:15:51 > 0:15:52conducted a violent campaign

0:15:52 > 0:15:55of suppression against left-wing opponents...

0:15:55 > 0:15:57Is it Chile?

0:15:57 > 0:15:59No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

0:15:59 > 0:16:01..such as the Montoneros?

0:16:01 > 0:16:05Commonly known as the Dirty War, it came to an end following a...

0:16:05 > 0:16:06Argentina.

0:16:06 > 0:16:08Argentina is correct.

0:16:11 > 0:16:12So you failed to identify

0:16:12 > 0:16:14the Witches' Chorus from Verdi's Macbeth,

0:16:14 > 0:16:17but your music bonuses are three more classical pieces

0:16:17 > 0:16:19evoking witches or witchcraft.

0:16:19 > 0:16:22Firstly, for five, the original Russian composer of this piece,

0:16:22 > 0:16:25here arranged for a full orchestra.

0:16:25 > 0:16:28ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:16:31 > 0:16:33Musorgsky.

0:16:33 > 0:16:37It is Musorgsky. Secondly, this Spanish composer.

0:16:37 > 0:16:39ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:16:48 > 0:16:51THEY CONFER

0:16:59 > 0:17:00De Falla.

0:17:00 > 0:17:03It is De Falla, yes. It's the Ritual Fire Dance.

0:17:03 > 0:17:06And finally, this French composer.

0:17:06 > 0:17:10ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:17:22 > 0:17:24THEY CONFER

0:17:24 > 0:17:26Berlioz.

0:17:26 > 0:17:29Berlioz, part of the Symphonie Fantastique.

0:17:29 > 0:17:32OK. Ten points for this.

0:17:32 > 0:17:34What is the inverse of the SI derived unit,

0:17:34 > 0:17:37whose name is a homophone of the third person singular

0:17:37 > 0:17:40of a verb meaning to cause pain?

0:17:45 > 0:17:48Capacitance.

0:17:48 > 0:17:49No.

0:17:54 > 0:17:56Second.

0:17:56 > 0:17:58Second is correct, yes.

0:18:00 > 0:18:01Well worked out.

0:18:01 > 0:18:05Your bonuses are on pairs of place names, Merton College,

0:18:05 > 0:18:08in which the final letters of the first name begin the second.

0:18:08 > 0:18:11For example, Dewsbury and Bury St Edmunds.

0:18:11 > 0:18:14In each case, give both names from the descriptions.

0:18:14 > 0:18:17Firstly, the city that gives its name to the 1569 union

0:18:17 > 0:18:19of Poland and Lithuania,

0:18:19 > 0:18:23and the capital of the US state of Nebraska.

0:18:23 > 0:18:24Lublin and Lincoln.

0:18:24 > 0:18:26Lublin and Lincoln.

0:18:26 > 0:18:27Correct.

0:18:27 > 0:18:31Secondly, a large Polish city between Berlin and Warsaw,

0:18:31 > 0:18:34and a former capital of China on the Yangtze.

0:18:34 > 0:18:37The latter is now the capital of Jiangsu province.

0:18:39 > 0:18:42Poznan... Oh, Poznan and Nanking.

0:18:42 > 0:18:44Poznan and Nanking.

0:18:44 > 0:18:47That's correct. And finally, a major Polish seaport,

0:18:47 > 0:18:50and the capital of Macedonia.

0:18:54 > 0:18:56Gdansk and Skopje.

0:18:56 > 0:18:57Gdansk and Skopje.

0:18:57 > 0:19:00Correct. Ten points for this.

0:19:00 > 0:19:03The Elements Of Ethics by Hierocles,

0:19:03 > 0:19:06the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius

0:19:06 > 0:19:08and The Discourses Of Epictetus...

0:19:08 > 0:19:11Stoicism.

0:19:11 > 0:19:12Stoicism is correct.

0:19:15 > 0:19:17Your bonuses are on scientific terms.

0:19:17 > 0:19:19In each case, name the term from the description.

0:19:19 > 0:19:22All three begin with the same four-letter prefix.

0:19:22 > 0:19:26Firstly, coined by Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy,

0:19:26 > 0:19:29to designate orthodox medical treatment,

0:19:29 > 0:19:33what term comes from the Greek for "other than the disease"?

0:19:33 > 0:19:36THEY CONFER

0:19:41 > 0:19:43No, but its prefix.

0:19:44 > 0:19:46Four-letter prefix?

0:19:46 > 0:19:47Don't know.

0:19:47 > 0:19:49We don't know.

0:19:49 > 0:19:51- It's allopathy.- Oh.

0:19:51 > 0:19:55And secondly, what term denotes the regulation of a protein's function,

0:19:55 > 0:19:58structure and/or flexibility through the binding of a molecule

0:19:58 > 0:20:01at a site other than the active site?

0:20:01 > 0:20:03Allo something.

0:20:11 > 0:20:14Sorry. My mind's gone blank.

0:20:14 > 0:20:15Allocytic?

0:20:15 > 0:20:17No.

0:20:17 > 0:20:18Just go with it.

0:20:18 > 0:20:19Allocytic.

0:20:19 > 0:20:21No, it's allosteric regulation.

0:20:21 > 0:20:24Finally, what term denotes the phenomenon of biological scaling,

0:20:24 > 0:20:26or the study thereof?

0:20:26 > 0:20:29It concerns the change in organisms in relations to proportional

0:20:29 > 0:20:31changes in size.

0:20:31 > 0:20:32Allometry.

0:20:32 > 0:20:34Allometry.

0:20:34 > 0:20:35Correct.

0:20:35 > 0:20:36Right, a picture round now.

0:20:36 > 0:20:39For your picture starter, you're going to see an illustration.

0:20:39 > 0:20:43For ten points, I want you to identify the artist, please.

0:20:43 > 0:20:45Durer.

0:20:46 > 0:20:47No.

0:20:49 > 0:20:50Dore.

0:20:50 > 0:20:51No, it's Arthur Rackham.

0:20:51 > 0:20:53So picture bonuses in a moment or two.

0:20:53 > 0:20:56Ten points at stake for this starter question. Listen carefully.

0:20:56 > 0:21:00To drive from Canada to Mexico, one must pass through at least

0:21:00 > 0:21:05three US states - for example, Washington, Oregon and California.

0:21:05 > 0:21:09Which state appears in the other four three-state combinations,

0:21:09 > 0:21:13this being the result of its characteristic panhandle?

0:21:15 > 0:21:17Oklahoma.

0:21:17 > 0:21:19No. Anyone want to buzz from Edinburgh?

0:21:21 > 0:21:23Texas.

0:21:23 > 0:21:26No, it's Idaho. Ten points at stake for this starter question.

0:21:26 > 0:21:31In botany, what six-letter term denotes the part of a plant's stamen

0:21:31 > 0:21:33that produces and contains pollen?

0:21:33 > 0:21:35Anther.

0:21:35 > 0:21:36Anther is correct, yes.

0:21:39 > 0:21:42All of you failed to identify one of Arthur Rackham's illustrations

0:21:42 > 0:21:44of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle.

0:21:44 > 0:21:47For your bonuses, you're going to see

0:21:47 > 0:21:49three more of those illustrations

0:21:49 > 0:21:52and five points in each case if you can identify the character depicted.

0:21:52 > 0:21:54Firstly...

0:22:00 > 0:22:01Siegfried.

0:22:01 > 0:22:04It is Siegfried, yes. Secondly...

0:22:08 > 0:22:10Brunnhilde.

0:22:10 > 0:22:11It is Brunnhilde.

0:22:11 > 0:22:14And finally, how are these characters collectively known?

0:22:14 > 0:22:18Are they the...

0:22:18 > 0:22:21- It's the German equivalent of that kind of thing.- Loreleis?

0:22:21 > 0:22:23It's one of those mermaid things.

0:22:23 > 0:22:24OK.

0:22:24 > 0:22:26Loreleis.

0:22:26 > 0:22:28- They're the Rhinemaidens.- OK.

0:22:28 > 0:22:30Ten points for this.

0:22:30 > 0:22:33120 days separate the dates of birth

0:22:33 > 0:22:36of which two British prime ministers,

0:22:36 > 0:22:40the 100th anniversaries of which fell in March and July 2016?

0:22:40 > 0:22:43The two were in office from 1964 to '76.

0:22:43 > 0:22:45Wilson and Heath.

0:22:45 > 0:22:47Correct.

0:22:49 > 0:22:52These bonuses are on dogs in art.

0:22:52 > 0:22:56Born in 1955, which US artist is known for his production

0:22:56 > 0:22:59of large stainless-steel balloon animals?

0:22:59 > 0:23:03His balloon dog Orange sold for 58 million in 2013.

0:23:03 > 0:23:05- Jeff Koons.- Correct.

0:23:05 > 0:23:08Commissioned by Sir Joseph Banks and depicting a dingo,

0:23:08 > 0:23:11Portrait Of A Large Dog is by which English artist?

0:23:11 > 0:23:14It's one of the first depictions of an Australian animal

0:23:14 > 0:23:16in Western art.

0:23:16 > 0:23:17No idea.

0:23:17 > 0:23:19I've no idea.

0:23:21 > 0:23:23Try...Reynolds.

0:23:23 > 0:23:24Reynolds.

0:23:24 > 0:23:26It was George Stubbs.

0:23:26 > 0:23:28And finally, the US artist CM Coolidge

0:23:28 > 0:23:32is noted for producing a series of much-reproduced oil paintings,

0:23:32 > 0:23:35known collectively by what three-word title,

0:23:35 > 0:23:38referring to a leisure activity?

0:23:38 > 0:23:40Dogs Playing Poker.

0:23:40 > 0:23:42Correct. Four minutes to go. Ten points for this.

0:23:42 > 0:23:46Which county follows Kerry, Donegal, Mayo and Galway,

0:23:46 > 0:23:48being in ascending order of area,

0:23:48 > 0:23:51the five largest counties of the Republic of Ireland?

0:23:53 > 0:23:55Mayo.

0:23:55 > 0:23:58No. Anyone like to buzz from Merton College?

0:23:58 > 0:24:00Kildare.

0:24:00 > 0:24:01No, it's Cork.

0:24:01 > 0:24:03Ten points for this.

0:24:03 > 0:24:05Answer as soon as your name is called.

0:24:05 > 0:24:09The number 2001 in ternary,

0:24:09 > 0:24:13or base three, corresponds to which...

0:24:13 > 0:24:1428.

0:24:14 > 0:24:17No. ..to which decimal number? You lose five points.

0:24:21 > 0:24:2255.

0:24:22 > 0:24:23Correct.

0:24:26 > 0:24:28You get a set of bonuses on the Roman historian

0:24:28 > 0:24:31Ammianus Marcellinus.

0:24:31 > 0:24:34Ammianus's surviving books begin 17 years after

0:24:34 > 0:24:35the death of Constantine the Great

0:24:35 > 0:24:38and continue until the Battle of Adrianople.

0:24:38 > 0:24:43Give any of the three decades that this covers in part or in whole.

0:24:44 > 0:24:48Constantine dies in, what, 315?

0:24:48 > 0:24:50When did Constantine die?

0:24:50 > 0:24:52360s?

0:24:52 > 0:24:54- 360s.- 360s.

0:24:54 > 0:24:56360s.

0:24:56 > 0:24:59That will do, yes. The 350s and 370s are the others.

0:24:59 > 0:25:03"Experience had taught him that no wild beasts are such

0:25:03 > 0:25:07"dangerous enemies to man as Christians are to one another."

0:25:07 > 0:25:10Ammianus said this of which emperor,

0:25:10 > 0:25:12known as the Apostate?

0:25:12 > 0:25:13Julian? Julian.

0:25:13 > 0:25:15Correct.

0:25:15 > 0:25:18Writing in the late 18th century, which historian described Ammianus

0:25:18 > 0:25:21as "an accurate and faithful guy"?

0:25:21 > 0:25:23- Gibbon.- Gibbon.

0:25:23 > 0:25:26Gibbon is right. Ten points for this.

0:25:26 > 0:25:30The sculptor Edward Hodges Baily and the architect William Railton

0:25:30 > 0:25:33are now chiefly remembered for which London landmark,

0:25:33 > 0:25:35erected in the early 1840s?

0:25:38 > 0:25:40The statue of Eros.

0:25:40 > 0:25:41No.

0:25:43 > 0:25:45One of you buzz from Edinburgh?

0:25:47 > 0:25:49Nelson's Column.

0:25:49 > 0:25:51Nelson's Column is correct!

0:25:53 > 0:25:54Your bonuses this time, Edinburgh,

0:25:54 > 0:25:57are on the scientific names of plants and animals.

0:25:57 > 0:26:01The common name of the British bird Aegithalos caudatus

0:26:01 > 0:26:04suggests it's a member of the tit family.

0:26:04 > 0:26:07"Caudatus" refers to what distinctive part of its body?

0:26:07 > 0:26:08What does "cauda" mean?

0:26:08 > 0:26:11Cauda is like a bone of some kind of the spine.

0:26:11 > 0:26:12In your back.

0:26:12 > 0:26:14Its back. Spiny back.

0:26:14 > 0:26:16- It's its tail.- Right.

0:26:16 > 0:26:20The plant Hypericum hirsutum, the woodpecker Picoides villosus

0:26:20 > 0:26:23and the bat Artibeus hirsutus

0:26:23 > 0:26:26all what have what adjective in their common names?

0:26:26 > 0:26:27Hairy, hirsutus?

0:26:27 > 0:26:28Try it.

0:26:28 > 0:26:30Hairy.

0:26:30 > 0:26:33Hairy is correct. The sea animals in the genus Hippocampus

0:26:33 > 0:26:36and the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros

0:26:36 > 0:26:39both have the name of what mammal name in their common name?

0:26:39 > 0:26:41- Horse.- Horse.

0:26:41 > 0:26:43Correct. Ten points for this.

0:26:43 > 0:26:48The US physicists Lee, Osheroff and Richardson won the 1996 Nobel Prize

0:26:48 > 0:26:51for their discovery of super-fluidity in what isotope?

0:26:54 > 0:26:55Helium-3.

0:26:55 > 0:26:57Correct.

0:26:59 > 0:27:01Your bonuses are on artists. In each case,

0:27:01 > 0:27:04name the monarch of England or Great Britain

0:27:04 > 0:27:07whose lifetime corresponded most nearly to that of the artist

0:27:07 > 0:27:08or artists given.

0:27:08 > 0:27:12Firstly, Andrea Mantegna and Sandro Botticelli.

0:27:12 > 0:27:15THEY CONFER

0:27:21 > 0:27:23I think we'd better have an answer, please.

0:27:23 > 0:27:24- Henry VI.- Henry VI.

0:27:24 > 0:27:28No, it's Henry VII. Secondly, Jan Vermeer.

0:27:32 > 0:27:33- Come on!- Charles I.

0:27:33 > 0:27:35Charles I.

0:27:35 > 0:27:37No, it's Charles II. GONG CRASHES

0:27:37 > 0:27:39And at the gong, Edinburgh have got 85

0:27:39 > 0:27:41but Merton College, Oxford have 210.

0:27:41 > 0:27:43APPLAUSE

0:27:43 > 0:27:45Well, it's not a disaster, Edinburgh.

0:27:45 > 0:27:48You can come back and have another go at it next time.

0:27:48 > 0:27:50We shall look forward to seeing you again.

0:27:50 > 0:27:53Merton, many congratulations to you. It's a very impressive performance.

0:27:53 > 0:27:56We shall look forward to seeing you in the semifinals.

0:27:56 > 0:27:59I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match

0:27:59 > 0:28:02but until then, it's goodbye from Edinburgh University...

0:28:02 > 0:28:05- ALL:- Goodbye.- ..it's goodbye from Merton College, Oxford...

0:28:05 > 0:28:08- ALL:- Goodbye. - ..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:08 > 0:28:10APPLAUSE