Pennod 4

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0:00:19 > 0:00:22- I've played the part of a hero - in an adventure drama...

0:00:23 > 0:00:26- ..so I know quite a bit - about the world of the sword.

0:00:29 > 0:00:31- This week, - we're off to the cinema...

0:00:32 > 0:00:37- ..we'll try a spot of fencing - and see some mischievous monkeys...

0:00:38 > 0:00:41- ..and I'll be meeting Robin McBryde.

0:00:41 > 0:00:45- Oh, and we'll be talking to - two men who are also quite famous.

0:00:46 > 0:00:51- First, - let's return to the olden days.

0:00:56 > 0:00:58- We were all heroes once.

0:00:58 > 0:01:01- I was doing exactly the same - at their age.

0:01:01 > 0:01:04- If you were in trouble, - I was the one to save you.

0:01:04 > 0:01:06- Well, maybe.

0:01:09 > 0:01:12- Here's a scene you'd often see - on the street...

0:01:12 > 0:01:14- ..before cars took over.

0:01:14 > 0:01:18- Girls and boys re-enacting scenes - from the matinees.

0:01:29 > 0:01:32- Our ideas were influenced by films.

0:01:32 > 0:01:35- Films were influenced - by popular literature.

0:01:36 > 0:01:40- The showmanship of sword fighting - in films...

0:01:40 > 0:01:44- ..drew its inspiration from - the novels of the Victorian Age.

0:01:44 > 0:01:47- Those stories - were based on old tales.

0:01:47 > 0:01:51- The renaissance of all things - gothic during the Victorian Age...

0:01:51 > 0:01:54- ..reignited interest - in heroic adventure.

0:01:54 > 0:01:57- Tales started to threaten history...

0:01:57 > 0:02:01- ..and the tales of adventure - came to represent the era.

0:02:01 > 0:02:05- Inexpensive paper - and the new printing technology...

0:02:05 > 0:02:09- ..were used to produce books - that people could afford...

0:02:09 > 0:02:11- ..especially young readers.

0:02:11 > 0:02:13- Because of the huge demand...

0:02:13 > 0:02:18- ..European and American literature - were packed with adventure stories.

0:02:18 > 0:02:23- The Three Musketeers and Robin Hood, - adventurers and pirates...

0:02:23 > 0:02:26- ..they all had the ability - to fight with a sword.

0:02:26 > 0:02:29- Between 1840 and 1939...

0:02:29 > 0:02:33- ..over 500 adventure novels - were published.

0:02:33 > 0:02:38- Almost all contained sword fighting.

0:02:38 > 0:02:41- These stories, for girls and boys...

0:02:41 > 0:02:45- ..featured heroes - that overcame every danger.

0:02:46 > 0:02:49- There were plenty of dangers - during World War I.

0:02:49 > 0:02:51- 20 million were killed.

0:02:52 > 0:02:56- By 1918, people needed something - to lift their spirits.

0:02:59 > 0:03:02- The 20th century - was the age of the cinema.

0:03:02 > 0:03:05- There were plenty - of imaginary sword fights...

0:03:05 > 0:03:07- ..in the shilling - and nine pence seats.

0:03:20 > 0:03:23- To us, - they seemed to be overacting...

0:03:24 > 0:03:27- ..but the comedy still worked - for the Three Musketeers.

0:03:31 > 0:03:33- They made me laugh.

0:03:39 > 0:03:43- The best sword fighter of all, in - terms of physicality and style...

0:03:43 > 0:03:46- ..was Douglas Fairbanks Snr.

0:03:46 > 0:03:49- In his version of Robin Hood, - he showed why the sword...

0:03:50 > 0:03:53- ..was the perfect weapon - for getting even.

0:03:57 > 0:04:00- The sword suited - the hero of the silver screen...

0:04:00 > 0:04:04- ..and the acrobatic defender - of the poor perfectly.

0:04:05 > 0:04:09- Fairbanks was the king of Hollywood - - brave and romantic.

0:04:09 > 0:04:12- He produced many films himself.

0:04:12 > 0:04:16- His name was synonymous - with adventure in cinema.

0:04:19 > 0:04:23- This version of Robin Hood - was filmed in 1922 for 1m.

0:04:24 > 0:04:27- It was one of the most - expensive films of its time.

0:04:30 > 0:04:33- The castle and sets were designed - by Frank Lloyd Wright...

0:04:33 > 0:04:36- ..a renowned architect - of Welsh descent.

0:04:37 > 0:04:39- The public flocked to see it.

0:04:39 > 0:04:43- What's interesting about watching - a battle on a cinema screen...

0:04:43 > 0:04:47- ..is the appreciation of how - dangerous it actually looks.

0:04:48 > 0:04:50- Of course, as actors...

0:04:50 > 0:04:52- ..and stuntmen...

0:04:52 > 0:04:57- ..we've choreographed the - battle scenes right from the start.

0:04:57 > 0:05:02- The technique - I was taught in RADA...

0:05:04 > 0:05:06- ..has saved me a number of times.

0:05:07 > 0:05:13- Personally, I believe it's something - to do with its purity.

0:05:13 > 0:05:18- Obviously, many films on TV - these days feature guns.

0:05:21 > 0:05:25- As many have pointed out, - anyone can pull a trigger.

0:05:25 > 0:05:29- The sword is an extension - of yourself.

0:05:30 > 0:05:34- From 1927, - films were no longer silent.

0:05:34 > 0:05:37- By the '30s, - talkies were everywhere.

0:05:37 > 0:05:42- Hollywood became one of the world's - most powerful institutions.

0:05:45 > 0:05:50- When colour films were introduced, - new versions of old films were made.

0:05:50 > 0:05:54- Here's Robin Hood in 1938, - starring Errol Flynn.

0:05:54 > 0:05:58- Nobleman Robin - sides with the poor people.

0:05:58 > 0:06:03- He challenges the Normans - and the Sheriff of Nottingham.

0:06:03 > 0:06:07- Shelter and clothe and feed - a band of good determined men.

0:06:07 > 0:06:09- It cost 2m to make.

0:06:10 > 0:06:14- Warner Brothers usually produced - cheap gangster films.

0:06:14 > 0:06:17- This was quite an investment.

0:06:20 > 0:06:22- The sword fights in this film...

0:06:22 > 0:06:25- ..are amongst the most memorable - in Hollywood.

0:06:30 > 0:06:34- When the Second World War started, - the fun ended.

0:06:36 > 0:06:40- Americans produced a number - of anti-Japanese propaganda films.

0:06:41 > 0:06:45- The Japanese executed prisoners - with a sword.

0:06:45 > 0:06:50- They mistreated Europeans but their - Chinese and Korean neighbours...

0:06:50 > 0:06:53- ..suffered more than anyone.

0:06:53 > 0:06:56- Thousands of Asians were executed...

0:06:56 > 0:06:59- ..with the blessing - of Emperor Hirohito.

0:07:00 > 0:07:03- Europe also witnessed the massacre.

0:07:05 > 0:07:08- These are German - ceremonial swords and knives.

0:07:08 > 0:07:11- They're similar to weapons - from Rome's golden age.

0:07:13 > 0:07:19- The Nazis looked for symbols which - linked them to their glorious past.

0:07:20 > 0:07:24- They wanted to prove - that they were the perfect race.

0:07:28 > 0:07:31- While Hitler attacked - parts of Europe...

0:07:31 > 0:07:34- ..a London company - designed weapons of war.

0:07:34 > 0:07:39- Leon Paul is Britain's largest - provider of fencing equipment.

0:07:40 > 0:07:45- A representative from Britain's far - right contacted him during the war.

0:07:48 > 0:07:51- Oswald Mosley, the fascist, - loved fencing.

0:07:51 > 0:07:55- When he asked Leon Paul, - the expert sword maker...

0:07:55 > 0:07:57- ..to make some knuckledusters...

0:07:58 > 0:08:02- ..for members - of the Fascist Party...

0:08:02 > 0:08:04- ..Paul refused.

0:08:10 > 0:08:15- Leon Paul was born in France. - He was a master fencer.

0:08:15 > 0:08:17- Fencing equipment was in demand.

0:08:18 > 0:08:21- He set up his own company - in London in 1925.

0:08:23 > 0:08:26- He designed and built - all the machinery...

0:08:26 > 0:08:29- ..including this one, - for sharpening blades.

0:08:32 > 0:08:35- They produce - all the fencing swords here...

0:08:35 > 0:08:39- ..the foil, the epee and the sabre.

0:08:45 > 0:08:49- This is an all-important piece - of the fencer's armoury - the mask.

0:08:49 > 0:08:52- I'll need one later.

0:08:52 > 0:08:55- They make everything - for the fencing world...

0:08:55 > 0:08:59- ..here, in these small premises, - in Hendon, London.

0:08:59 > 0:09:03- The swords, masks, armour - and electronic equipment.

0:09:03 > 0:09:08- They're sold around the world - and used in the Olympic Games.

0:09:11 > 0:09:14- Leon Paul sponsored - and provided equipment...

0:09:14 > 0:09:19- ..for the British and American teams - in the 2008 Olympics.

0:09:19 > 0:09:22- The company's managers - are Olympic fencers.

0:09:23 > 0:09:26- They understand the needs - of competitive fencers.

0:09:27 > 0:09:31- They use their knowledge to develop - swords and electronic equipment.

0:09:31 > 0:09:35- Leon Paul's fencing skills - were in high demand.

0:09:36 > 0:09:39- He taught stars - of the silver screen after the war.

0:09:39 > 0:09:43- His grandsons have trained Catherine - Zeta Jones and Sir Anthony Hopkins.

0:09:43 > 0:09:49- When Leon was in charge, epic films - attracted the cinema crowds.

0:09:55 > 0:09:59- The sword was the central prop - in these huge productions...

0:09:59 > 0:10:04- ..including Alexander The Great - starring Richard Burton.

0:10:04 > 0:10:10- Alexander unites the Greeks - against the Persian Empire.

0:10:10 > 0:10:12- Richard Burton - as Alexander The Great.

0:10:15 > 0:10:20- At the time, Burton was being paid - more than anyone else in Hollywood.

0:10:20 > 0:10:25- He was nominated 17 times - for an Oscar, but didn't win one.

0:10:26 > 0:10:29- Notice that Oscar himself - is holding a large sword...

0:10:30 > 0:10:32- ..just like Robin McBryde.

0:10:32 > 0:10:37- We have our own awards ceremony - in Wales, at the Eisteddfod.

0:10:38 > 0:10:39- See you after the break.

0:10:39 > 0:10:40- .

0:10:44 > 0:10:44- 888

0:10:44 > 0:10:46- 888- - 888

0:10:47 > 0:10:48- FANFARE

0:10:53 > 0:10:57- Thanks to Iolo Morganwg, - the sword has pride of place...

0:10:57 > 0:11:00- ..in the Gorsedd's - unique ceremonies.

0:11:07 > 0:11:11- The sword is central - to the Eisteddfod's activities.

0:11:11 > 0:11:14- The Welsh, - in contrast to everyone else...

0:11:14 > 0:11:16- ..have a very special use for it.

0:11:17 > 0:11:18- FANFARE

0:11:22 > 0:11:27- Let us honour - the Eisteddfod's Chief Poet.

0:11:27 > 0:11:31- The sword was first seen - at the Eisteddfod...

0:11:31 > 0:11:35- ..at the Cardiff - National Eisteddfod of 1899.

0:11:35 > 0:11:38- The use of the sword - during the ceremony...

0:11:39 > 0:11:43- ..was part of Iolo's Gorsedd right - from the very beginning, in 1792...

0:11:44 > 0:11:46- ..in Primrose Hill in London.

0:11:46 > 0:11:49- It wasn't a sword - to be used in battle.

0:11:49 > 0:11:54- According to the original idea, - the sword wouldn't be unsheathed...

0:11:54 > 0:11:59- ..to symbolize the fact - that the Gorsedd of Bards...

0:11:59 > 0:12:01- ..were peaceful people.

0:12:01 > 0:12:03- According to legend...

0:12:03 > 0:12:07- ..no bard was permitted - to possess a sheathed weapon...

0:12:07 > 0:12:09- ..in the company of another bard.

0:12:10 > 0:12:14- When you consider how quarrelsome - bards can be, that's a good thing!

0:12:14 > 0:12:18- The truth against the world, - is there peace?

0:12:18 > 0:12:20- Peace.

0:12:21 > 0:12:24- It is never unsheathed completely.

0:12:24 > 0:12:27- It is never carried by the handle.

0:12:27 > 0:12:32- It should never be seen - as a threatening weapon.

0:12:33 > 0:12:37- When it is raised, it's horizontal.

0:12:37 > 0:12:42- It should never be seen - as a weapon of war.

0:12:42 > 0:12:44- It is a ceremonial sword.

0:12:44 > 0:12:48- When no-one is worthy - of winning the Eisteddfod Chair...

0:12:49 > 0:12:53- ..the sword is placed across - the arms of the empty chair...

0:12:53 > 0:12:57- ..in the hope that poets across - the land will sharpen their muse...

0:12:58 > 0:13:00- ..in time for the next Eisteddfod.

0:13:00 > 0:13:04- The bearer of the sword - is part of a heroic heritage.

0:13:04 > 0:13:07- We will never forget Ray Gravell.

0:13:07 > 0:13:10- Today, Robin McBryde is the bearer.

0:13:10 > 0:13:13- It gives me a great thrill.

0:13:13 > 0:13:18- It's a different thrill - to playing rugby for your country.

0:13:19 > 0:13:22- This is more than that, - it's far more important.

0:13:22 > 0:13:24- This represents far more...

0:13:24 > 0:13:29- ..Welsh culture - and Welsh traditions.

0:13:29 > 0:13:31- A sword is a weapon of war.

0:13:31 > 0:13:34- We use it as a symbol of peace.

0:13:34 > 0:13:37- What does it say about us - as a nation?

0:13:39 > 0:13:42- If I can use Grav's words...

0:13:42 > 0:13:45- ..we're no better or worse - than anyone else...

0:13:46 > 0:13:48- ..but we are a bit different.

0:13:48 > 0:13:51- You were once acclaimed - as Wales's Strongest Man.

0:13:52 > 0:13:54- You must be strong - to carry this sword.

0:13:55 > 0:13:57- You must be a special person - to lift it.

0:13:57 > 0:13:59- Can I try?

0:14:01 > 0:14:04- I hope I'm not the next - to carry this.

0:14:06 > 0:14:10- Our Hollywood star is being honoured - to the sound of the cynghanedd.

0:14:18 > 0:14:24- The Eisteddfod sword is a good - reflection of us as a nation.

0:14:26 > 0:14:30- It illustrates the possibilities.

0:14:30 > 0:14:32- A threat does exist...

0:14:32 > 0:14:35- ..but our choice is peace.

0:14:35 > 0:14:36- Peace.

0:14:37 > 0:14:39- I think - it's a very important symbol.

0:14:40 > 0:14:45- I'm very proud of the fact - that we, as a Welsh nation...

0:14:45 > 0:14:49- ..in our ceremonies - and National Eisteddfodau...

0:14:51 > 0:14:54- ..ask the question is there peace?

0:14:54 > 0:14:58- Symbolically, - we don't unsheathe the sword.

0:14:59 > 0:15:00- Peace.

0:15:00 > 0:15:05- Welsh pacifists protested right up - until the end of the 20th century...

0:15:05 > 0:15:07- ..against the use of the sword.

0:15:08 > 0:15:10- There's a famous couplet in Welsh...

0:15:11 > 0:15:16- ..one of the most well-known odes of - the Welsh language written by Emrys.

0:15:16 > 0:15:19- It's entitled Anrhydedd.

0:15:19 > 0:15:22- The final couplet - is very well known.

0:15:22 > 0:15:26- "Idleness is a sword's commendation

0:15:26 > 0:15:29- "And rust is its glory."

0:15:30 > 0:15:33- I'd argue - that the Gorsedd's great sword...

0:15:34 > 0:15:36- ..is allied - to Emrys's idea of the sword.

0:15:37 > 0:15:41- Although Robin - was a star on the rugby field...

0:15:41 > 0:15:44- ..if he was a hero in a film...

0:15:44 > 0:15:49- ..he'd have to ride, - run, shoot, swim and fence...

0:15:49 > 0:15:54- ..better than his enemies, - just like an Olympic pentathlete.

0:15:57 > 0:16:01- Modern fencing became popular - in the world of sport...

0:16:02 > 0:16:05- ..when the first modern Olympics - were held in 1896.

0:16:06 > 0:16:08- It's one of four sports...

0:16:09 > 0:16:13- ..that have been part of the Games - since the very beginning.

0:16:16 > 0:16:21- Modern fencing is pacy. Timing - is crucial if you hope to score.

0:16:21 > 0:16:26- The electronic equipment confirms - that a stroke is legitimate.

0:16:29 > 0:16:33- This is a fencing class in the - National Sports Centre in Cardiff.

0:16:33 > 0:16:36- I'm here to meet Rhodri Williams.

0:16:36 > 0:16:39- It's an interesting blend...

0:16:39 > 0:16:42- ..of speed and cunning.

0:16:42 > 0:16:45- It's not enough just to be fit.

0:16:45 > 0:16:49- You have to be competitive, - you set out to win.

0:16:50 > 0:16:54- The aim is to strike a certain - target, not to hurt your opponent.

0:16:54 > 0:17:00- Fencing has attracted other members - of his family - Rhodri's daughters.

0:17:00 > 0:17:04- 14-year-old Hannah and 11-year-old - Rebeccah are good friends at home...

0:17:05 > 0:17:07- ..but very competitive - in the fencing hall.

0:17:08 > 0:17:12- I like competing - and it keeps me fit, too.

0:17:13 > 0:17:17- I competed in the UK School Games - recently and fenced for Wales.

0:17:18 > 0:17:19- That was incredible.

0:17:20 > 0:17:22- They treated it like the Olympics.

0:17:22 > 0:17:27- We had a huge sign - which said Wales...

0:17:27 > 0:17:30- ..and it was an amazing feeling.

0:17:31 > 0:17:35- We won the team bronze medal.

0:17:35 > 0:17:38- That was very nice.

0:17:38 > 0:17:43- I really want to represent Wales - and be part of the Welsh team.

0:17:43 > 0:17:45- I haven't done that yet.

0:17:47 > 0:17:51- You have to be fast and think about - what you're doing before doing it.

0:17:51 > 0:17:54- You need to be sneaky.

0:17:54 > 0:17:57- There's a move called the one-two...

0:17:57 > 0:18:01- ..where you try and pretend - to go for one move...

0:18:02 > 0:18:07- ..but then you're sneaky - and you complete another move.

0:18:07 > 0:18:09- You score points doing that.

0:18:12 > 0:18:14- When the two fence, sparks can fly.

0:18:15 > 0:18:18- Hannah has the reach advantage.

0:18:20 > 0:18:22- I like attacking...

0:18:23 > 0:18:26- ..to make Rebeccah feel nervous.

0:18:26 > 0:18:29- Then I can score points.

0:18:29 > 0:18:32- I'm a better attacker than blocker.

0:18:33 > 0:18:36- I don't know why. - I'm just more aggressive.

0:18:37 > 0:18:39- It's very different.

0:18:39 > 0:18:43- I am armed - but I still feel quite safe.

0:18:43 > 0:18:48- We're taught how to do it properly - but you can get hurt sometimes.

0:18:49 > 0:18:51- It can be painful.

0:18:51 > 0:18:54- It's not easy to hurt someone.

0:18:54 > 0:18:57- I'm happy to hear that.

0:18:57 > 0:19:01- I'm entering the fray now - - en guard.

0:19:01 > 0:19:04- The back leg - is stretched out straight.

0:19:04 > 0:19:06- The left leg is straight.

0:19:09 > 0:19:11- It's one movement.

0:19:11 > 0:19:13- It's one movement.- - The point should hit me here.

0:19:13 > 0:19:15- Well done.

0:19:15 > 0:19:19- You extend your arm, too, - at the same time.

0:19:19 > 0:19:22- You finish like this.

0:19:22 > 0:19:27- If you do it again, - that's the first parry.

0:19:31 > 0:19:32- Try it again.

0:19:32 > 0:19:34- If I lunge towards you...

0:19:35 > 0:19:37- ..try and parry me.

0:19:38 > 0:19:41- Make sure the point - doesn't go too far left.

0:19:43 > 0:19:46- It makes it easier - to counter-attack.

0:19:51 > 0:19:53- Well, that's one point.

0:19:55 > 0:19:57- Congratulations.

0:19:57 > 0:19:59- Congratulations.- - Thanks for keeping me alive.

0:20:00 > 0:20:04- Dad is an accomplished fencer - but are the girls catching him up?

0:20:06 > 0:20:10- No. He's good. He's been doing it - since he was a boy.

0:20:10 > 0:20:12- He's very experienced.

0:20:12 > 0:20:16- I'm not sure who'd win - if I challenged him. Hopefully me.

0:20:18 > 0:20:23- The successful Star Wars films - have transformed the sword.

0:20:23 > 0:20:27- It's the universe's new weapon - - the light sabre.

0:20:32 > 0:20:35- Here I am - trying to save the universe...

0:20:35 > 0:20:40- ..just as I'd tried to do when - I was a mischievous little monkey.

0:20:45 > 0:20:46- As a young boy...

0:20:46 > 0:20:52- ..I used to fashion a sword from - a piece of wood in the back garden.

0:20:52 > 0:20:56- My brother - was only a year younger than me...

0:20:56 > 0:21:01- ..so we could fight together - every time we played in the garden.

0:21:01 > 0:21:04- It started when I was very young.

0:21:04 > 0:21:09- As boys, playing in the garden, we - ran around carrying pieces of wood.

0:21:09 > 0:21:12- It's something - that stayed with me.

0:21:12 > 0:21:15- I was always playing with swords...

0:21:16 > 0:21:19- ..right into my teens, actually!

0:21:21 > 0:21:25- Those are the films - I enjoyed the most...

0:21:25 > 0:21:30- ..the ones with the swords - - The Four Musketeers.

0:21:30 > 0:21:34- Some parts of that film - were directed by Bill Hobbs.

0:21:34 > 0:21:38- I think he's the greatest - fight director of stage and screen.

0:21:38 > 0:21:42- I still enjoy watching Oliver Reed - in action.

0:21:42 > 0:21:47- William Hobbs came in to give us - a talk when I was in college.

0:21:47 > 0:21:49- They shot that film in Spain.

0:21:49 > 0:21:55- Every morning, because Oliver Reed - was a renowned drinker...

0:21:55 > 0:21:59- ..the Spanish stuntmen - would pull straws...

0:21:59 > 0:22:01- ..to decide who would fight him.

0:22:01 > 0:22:04- They feared for their lives!

0:22:05 > 0:22:09- I used to go to the Memorial Hall - in Aberaeron.

0:22:09 > 0:22:13- Films were shows in Aberaeron - from the Second World War onwards.

0:22:13 > 0:22:15- Errol Flynn and the pirates.

0:22:20 > 0:22:24- We watched The Mark of Zorro.

0:22:24 > 0:22:29- The boys would go home afterwards - and cut wood from the trees...

0:22:29 > 0:22:32- ..to play swords for days.

0:22:32 > 0:22:35- They were exciting times.

0:22:35 > 0:22:39- One of my greatest influences - was watching...

0:22:39 > 0:22:41- ..the Zorro series.

0:22:58 > 0:23:01- It was shown on Saturday mornings.

0:23:02 > 0:23:05- My brother and I would watch Zorro.

0:23:05 > 0:23:10- I'd then try to make a cloak - out of a piece of clothing...

0:23:10 > 0:23:13- ..to pretend that I was Zorro.

0:23:14 > 0:23:17- The films of Errol Flynn - were very influential...

0:23:18 > 0:23:21- ..The Adventures of Robin Hood - and Captain Blood.

0:23:21 > 0:23:26- To be honest, when I've played - a character in a film...

0:23:26 > 0:23:31- ..I've been paid for living out - the fantasies of a young boy.

0:23:31 > 0:23:33- It's like Boy's Own Adventure.

0:23:37 > 0:23:40- Part of you knows - that if something goes wrong...

0:23:41 > 0:23:46- ..you rely on your own skills - to defend yourself.

0:23:46 > 0:23:50- That's an instinctive feeling - in our bodies.

0:23:52 > 0:23:55- I've picked up swords - since I was a boy...

0:23:55 > 0:24:00- ..and the thrill - will never leave me.

0:24:04 > 0:24:08- Ioan and I have crossed swords - on a number of occasions.

0:24:08 > 0:24:11- Steady, lads, we need both of you.

0:24:18 > 0:24:23- Over time, the sword has been - a symbol of the battle against evil.

0:24:23 > 0:24:28- Every generation has strived - to find the perfect sword.

0:24:49 > 0:24:51- S4C Subtitles by Simian 04 Cyf.

0:24:51 > 0:24:51- .