0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:11 > 0:00:14- This is the story - of William Griffith...
0:00:14 > 0:00:18- ..one of the greatest adventurers - of the Victorian era.
0:00:18 > 0:00:21- He travelled the world - in search of treasure.
0:00:21 > 0:00:23- In 1894 - he published an exciting tome...
0:00:24 > 0:00:27- ..entitled - Anturiaethau Cymro yn Affrica.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29- It was based on his experiences...
0:00:29 > 0:00:33- ..working for Cecil Rhodes, - founder of Rhodesia...
0:00:33 > 0:00:35- ..present-day Zimbabwe.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37- It remains a country...
0:00:37 > 0:00:41- ..influenced - by Rhodes and his contemporaries.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- Griffith's book is a collection - of letters he sent back to Wales.
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- They were first published...
0:00:48 > 0:00:51- ..in The Welsh Nation newspaper - at the end of 1892...
0:00:52 > 0:00:55- ..a fateful time - in the history of southern Africa.
0:00:56 > 0:00:59- Musician Stella Chiweshe - is a descendant...
0:00:59 > 0:01:04- ..of Nehanda, the heroine of the - first rebellion against the British.
0:01:04 > 0:01:09- William Griffith writes about his - friendship with her in his book.
0:01:09 > 0:01:13- It was from this area of Wales...
0:01:13 > 0:01:17- ..that Cecil Rhodes' servant, - William Griffith...
0:01:17 > 0:01:23- ..came to Zimbabwe to oppress us.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27- Catrin Brace, - William Griffith's granddaughter...
0:01:28 > 0:01:32- ..who lives in New York, is going - to Zimbabwe for the first time...
0:01:32 > 0:01:37- ..to follow in her ancestor's - footsteps and meet Stella Chiweshe.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41- Growing up, none of my family - remember William Griffith.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45- We all knew - he'd travelled the world.
0:01:45 > 0:01:51- And we were well aware - that he was a scoundrel.
0:01:52 > 0:01:56- Someone who was brought up - in Griffith's birthplace...
0:01:56 > 0:02:01- ..and who has also spent years - in Africa is Gwenllian Jones.
0:02:01 > 0:02:05- Cecil Rhodes was the big boss.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07- He was a maverick of a man.
0:02:07 > 0:02:12- William Griffith fancied himself - as a mini Cecil Rhodes.
0:02:12 > 0:02:17- We don't know how much he was able - to reveal about what was going on.
0:02:17 > 0:02:19- We don't know.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22- He talks about black people - as an inferior race...
0:02:22 > 0:02:25- ..as all the white people - did back then.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29- He kept things to himself...
0:02:29 > 0:02:32- ..for fear of offending his boss.
0:02:32 > 0:02:37- "It wouldn't be wise or beneficial - to say any more on the matter...
0:02:38 > 0:02:41- "..though there's much to say...
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- "..from one - who knows about the circumstances."
0:02:45 > 0:02:47- Of course, he belonged to a time...
0:02:48 > 0:02:51- ..when - the map of the world was pink...
0:02:51 > 0:02:55- ..and Britain thought - it could walk into any country...
0:02:55 > 0:02:58- ..and take what it wanted.
0:03:02 > 0:03:07- "Readers must overlook - any mistakes in these letters...
0:03:07 > 0:03:12- "..because they've been written - under different circumstances...
0:03:13 > 0:03:16- "..than your - usual modes of correspondence."
0:03:16 > 0:03:20- "Whilst travelling - through foreign and remote areas...
0:03:20 > 0:03:22- "..led by natives...
0:03:22 > 0:03:25- "..and sitting - or lying by the fire...
0:03:25 > 0:03:27- "..spending long nights...
0:03:28 > 0:03:31- "..with the stars above - as the only cover...
0:03:31 > 0:03:33- "..I feel lonely.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37- "And whilst - in the throes of melancholia...
0:03:37 > 0:03:41- "..I scribble on a piece of paper - in front of the fire...
0:03:41 > 0:03:44- "..a journal - of what happens on our travels."
0:03:44 > 0:03:46- He went to awful places.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50- Few white men - had been to these parts before him.
0:03:50 > 0:03:55- "I'm sometimes frightened by the - king of the jungle's fierce roar.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58- "Or I feel my blood run cold...
0:03:58 > 0:04:03- "..when I hear the wails - of the hyenas getting closer.
0:04:03 > 0:04:07- "So much so - that there is no peace to be had...
0:04:07 > 0:04:11- "..in the far reaches of Africa - to collect my thoughts."
0:04:13 > 0:04:17- William was born in 1850...
0:04:17 > 0:04:20- ..at his home that was called Druid.
0:04:20 > 0:04:24- The family home was once a tavern.
0:04:24 > 0:04:28- The Druid was situated - near Clynog in Caernarvonshire.
0:04:28 > 0:04:33- He was religious. He'd had a chapel - upbringing in Caernarvonshire.
0:04:34 > 0:04:40- He often refers - to biblical stories in his book.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45- By 1871, the family - had moved to the Felinehli area.
0:04:46 > 0:04:50- He then worked - at the Dinorwic quarry...
0:04:50 > 0:04:53- ..where he learned his craft...
0:04:53 > 0:04:59- ..as a mining engineer...
0:05:00 > 0:05:03- ..before going on his expeditions.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06- He went to South Africa - soon afterwards...
0:05:07 > 0:05:10- ..and embarked on his travels - around the world.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16- In 1888, - William joined the thousands...
0:05:17 > 0:05:19- ..who flocked to South Africa...
0:05:20 > 0:05:22- ..to make their fortune - in the Transvaal goldmines...
0:05:23 > 0:05:25- ..and the Kimberley diamond mines.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- Cecil Rhodes was the big boss.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32- De Beers was the company, - which is still going today.
0:05:33 > 0:05:36- He was one of - the British Empire's megalomaniacs.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39- He was wild and hot headed.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43- He wanted the entire world - to be conquered by the Anglo-Saxon.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47- He even wanted to take back America.
0:05:47 > 0:05:49- "I contend," said Rhodes...
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- .."that we are - the finest race in the world...
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- "..and the more we inhabit, the - better it is for the human race.
0:05:57 > 0:06:01- "Africa is lying ready for us. - It is our duty to take it.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05- "More territory simply means - more of the Anglo-Saxon race.
0:06:05 > 0:06:10- "More of the best, the most human, - the most honourable race...
0:06:10 > 0:06:12- "..the world possesses."
0:06:14 > 0:06:16- "About two years ago...
0:06:16 > 0:06:21- "..a company called the British - South Africa Chartered Company...
0:06:21 > 0:06:24- "..was granted permission - by the British Parliament...
0:06:24 > 0:06:28- "..to colonize the countries - between the River Limpopo...
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- "..and the Zambezi.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35- "Countries which possess - precious, bountiful treasures...
0:06:35 > 0:06:38- "..most notably gold.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42- "Archaic traditions were upheld...
0:06:43 > 0:06:47- "..and facts which pointed at - these countries as Lands of Ophir...
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- "..where King Solomon - acquired all his gold...
0:06:52 > 0:06:54- "..to gild his temple.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- "Making countries like this - accessible...
0:07:00 > 0:07:02- "..inspires intrepid explorers.
0:07:02 > 0:07:07- "Influenced by such a spirit, - this writer ventured his corpus...
0:07:08 > 0:07:10- "..to the heart of this desert."
0:07:13 > 0:07:17- This desert - was home to two native tribes...
0:07:17 > 0:07:21- ..namely the Matobele - and the Mashona.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25- In 1889, Rhodes was issued - a Royal Charter by Britain...
0:07:26 > 0:07:28- ..to colonize their territory.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- The Matabele - are descendants of the Zulu...
0:07:31 > 0:07:33- ..in the southeast of the country.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36- Their king at the time - was Lobengula.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39- Their capital was Bulawayo.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41- In the centre and the north...
0:07:41 > 0:07:44- ..lived the peaceful nation - of the Mashona.
0:07:44 > 0:07:48- To them, the land and the animals - were for communal use.
0:07:49 > 0:07:51- But that's not - how Cecil Rhodes saw it.
0:07:52 > 0:07:54- Rhodes commissioned - Frank Thompson...
0:07:55 > 0:07:58- ..a 22-year-old Englishman - who hated the Matobele...
0:07:58 > 0:08:01- ..to lead the Pioneer Column army...
0:08:01 > 0:08:05- ..through Matabeleland - and annexe Mashonaland.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09- Englishmen and Boers - made up the ranks of the Pioneers.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12- In Rhodes' mind, - they were suitable men...
0:08:12 > 0:08:15- ..to create a civilized population.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17- For their military service...
0:08:17 > 0:08:21- ..they were each given 3,000 - acres of land in Mashonaland...
0:08:21 > 0:08:23- ..as well as mining rights.
0:08:25 > 0:08:29- That, of course, without consulting - the indigenous population.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32- Yes, well, of, course...
0:08:33 > 0:08:36- ..William - was part of the British Empire...
0:08:36 > 0:08:39- ..and walked into - people's territories.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42- I live in America...
0:08:43 > 0:08:45- ..and the same is true there.
0:08:45 > 0:08:50- I've been reading a lot - about Zimbabwe's history recently.
0:08:51 > 0:08:57- Zimbabwe's history and - America's history is very similar.
0:08:57 > 0:09:01- Manifest Destiny, which - is what the Americans call it...
0:09:01 > 0:09:07- ..meant that they could - get rid of the Native Americans.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10- I'm very familiar - with American history.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12- It's been interesting...
0:09:13 > 0:09:17- ..reading about Zimbabwe and finding - the same thing happened there...
0:09:17 > 0:09:20- ..and how awful Cecil Rhodes was.
0:09:20 > 0:09:25- He was a blackguard and my - great-grandfather worked for him...
0:09:25 > 0:09:28- ..at a time when - he was marching into Zimbabwe...
0:09:29 > 0:09:33- ..and colonizing the territory - without permission...
0:09:33 > 0:09:36- ..and without consultation.
0:09:36 > 0:09:40- He tricked the natives - and colonized their territories.
0:09:40 > 0:09:46- We're not at all proud - of that history in our family.
0:09:47 > 0:09:50- On 26 June, 1890...
0:09:50 > 0:09:55- ..Rhodes' army left the camp - in Kimberley with 117 wagons.
0:09:55 > 0:10:00- They were equipped with the latest - weapons, including machine guns...
0:10:00 > 0:10:05- ..newly invented - by the American, Hiram Maxim...
0:10:05 > 0:10:08- ..which could fire - 500 bullets a minute.
0:10:09 > 0:10:12- This was the British Empire's - weapon of choice.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16- Dr Leander Starr Jameson - was a leading figure at the time.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18- He was - a close friend of Cecil Rhodes...
0:10:18 > 0:10:21- ..and ruled the country - once it was colonized.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26- On 12 September 1890, - they reached their journey's end...
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- ..and established Fort Salisbury...
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- ..named after - the British prime minister.
0:10:32 > 0:10:36- There were many marches - and the Union Jack was flying.
0:10:36 > 0:10:41- The big guns were fired and a prayer - was offered by another big gun...
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- ..Canon Balfour - from the Anglican Church.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48- It was officially announced - that Mashonaland...
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- ..was now part - of the British Empire.
0:10:53 > 0:10:57- Frank Johnson - was paid 87,000 for his service.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- The Pioneers - each went their separate ways...
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- ..to establish farms...
0:11:02 > 0:11:05- ..and assert their mining rights.
0:11:05 > 0:11:08- They decided - to call the country Rhodesia...
0:11:08 > 0:11:12- ..as a tribute to those - who planned its occupation.
0:11:14 > 0:11:18- Having realized there was - no gold supply after all...
0:11:19 > 0:11:23- ..the colonists turned their - attention to the fertile land.
0:11:23 > 0:11:26- This is when - the Shona nation's fears grew.
0:11:26 > 0:11:28- Fears that continue to this day.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32- As the British claimed - fertile land to establish farms...
0:11:33 > 0:11:37- ..natives were sent to - native reserves on the poorest land.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40- They were forced - to work for the British.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43- Any village that refused was razed.
0:11:43 > 0:11:48- Any chief who refused to give the - white masters workers was beaten...
0:11:49 > 0:11:51- ..and often shot.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54- Welcome to Rhodesia.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03- White people had stolen - their cattle, their land...
0:12:03 > 0:12:07- ..and their self-respect.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- "I could write - an interesting, yet rare chapter...
0:12:11 > 0:12:14- "..on Welsh people - who, from time to time...
0:12:15 > 0:12:18- "..are missionaries, - explorers, travellers...
0:12:18 > 0:12:21- "..and envoys in Africa...
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- "..especially - in the southern regions...
0:12:25 > 0:12:29- "..where there are many bright - and patriotic Welsh people...
0:12:29 > 0:12:32- "..who hold - influential and important jobs.
0:12:33 > 0:12:36- It seems - that they gave these Welshmen...
0:12:36 > 0:12:38- ..important jobs in government...
0:12:39 > 0:12:42- ..as the Anglo-Saxon empire - has always done.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45- Do something nice for them...
0:12:45 > 0:12:49- ..and they'll forget - all about the Cymru Fu campaign...
0:12:49 > 0:12:52- ..and self-rule for Wales, - as is still the case.
0:12:55 > 0:13:00- This is the first time I've been - in this part of southern Africa.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03- It's beautiful.
0:13:04 > 0:13:09- I can understand why William was - so fond of this part of the world...
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- ..because it's a pure wilderness.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- While she's in Zimbabwe, - Catrin will visit...
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- ..some of the places - her great-grandfather explored.
0:13:22 > 0:13:25- She's also meet - musician Stella Chiweshe...
0:13:25 > 0:13:29- ..a descendant of Nehanda, - the revolutionary prophet...
0:13:29 > 0:13:33- ..who receives much attention - in William Griffith's book.
0:13:33 > 0:13:34- .
0:13:36 > 0:13:36- Subtitles
0:13:36 > 0:13:38- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:13:41 > 0:13:43- By 1891, access was now possible...
0:13:44 > 0:13:47- ..from South Africa - as far as Fort Salisbury.
0:13:47 > 0:13:51- Intrepid explorers were required...
0:13:51 > 0:13:56- ..to colonize Rhodesia and source - the land for precious minerals.
0:13:57 > 0:14:01- William Griffith, author - of Anturiaethau Cymro Yn Affrica...
0:14:01 > 0:14:03- ..offered his services.
0:14:03 > 0:14:08- "I was appointed to lead - the most important expedition.
0:14:09 > 0:14:13- "The troop consisted - of four wagons, two carts...
0:14:13 > 0:14:15- "..80 oxen...
0:14:15 > 0:14:19- "..12 mules, 12 white men...
0:14:19 > 0:14:23- "..and 14 black men, - or those of mixed race mostly...
0:14:23 > 0:14:27- "..who were African bastards."
0:14:27 > 0:14:33- He opened up the country. He - ventured to the most awful places.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37- Through woods and swamps, - where wild animals roamed.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40- We have to admire these men.
0:14:41 > 0:14:46- "Pushing on as hard as we could - from Kimberley...
0:14:46 > 0:14:49- "..within four days - we reached Fort Tuli...
0:14:49 > 0:14:51- ..the first fort...
0:14:52 > 0:14:57- "..occupied by the British South - Africa Chartered Co in Matabeleland.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00- "The place was a hive of activity...
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- "..with people - from every part of the country."
0:15:04 > 0:15:08- What I like is the way - he compares what he sees...
0:15:08 > 0:15:12- ..with what - he was used to at home as a child.
0:15:12 > 0:15:16- The singing reminds him - of congregational singing.
0:15:16 > 0:15:19- When he mentions - the dark wilderness...
0:15:19 > 0:15:22- ..it reminds him - of Williams Pantycelyn's hymn.
0:15:22 > 0:15:24- It's those touches I like.
0:15:25 > 0:15:27- He was quite a good author.
0:15:27 > 0:15:33- He was writing for a particular - audience - Welsh speakers.
0:15:33 > 0:15:35- He'd recount amusing stories...
0:15:36 > 0:15:41- ..and compare places in Africa - to places in Wales.
0:15:41 > 0:15:46- He compares Great Zimbabwe - to Caernarfon Castle.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- He compared the females there - to Welsh women.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53- He said - Welsh women would be better off...
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- ..if they didn't wear corsets...
0:15:56 > 0:16:00- ..and were more natural, - like African women.
0:16:01 > 0:16:05- "In my opinion, the women of - Bechuanaland are unusually pretty.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10- "The prettiest - of all the black tribes of Africa.
0:16:10 > 0:16:15- "Some travellers - prefer the Matabele women...
0:16:15 > 0:16:20- "..but I believe the Bechuana - females are the most outstanding.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24- "If a bachelor can be - an authority on such a matter."
0:16:25 > 0:16:26- He fancied their women.
0:16:28 > 0:16:33- "It's a strange thing, having - to stoop to a black man's level.
0:16:33 > 0:16:37- "It might sound - like hyperbole to you...
0:16:38 > 0:16:42- "..if I were to tell you - that I had to live for many weeks...
0:16:42 > 0:16:45- "..on porridge sweetcorn.
0:16:45 > 0:16:49- "When a man takes it upon himself - to do the menial work...
0:16:49 > 0:16:52- "..as I had done - of my own volition...
0:16:52 > 0:16:58- "..a man has chosen - this hard and dangerous life...
0:16:58 > 0:17:01- "..no matter - how romantic he might be at heart."
0:17:01 > 0:17:07- The name Zimbabwe comes from the - ancient ruins of Great Zimbabwe...
0:17:07 > 0:17:10- ..which has been designated - a World Heritage Site.
0:17:10 > 0:17:14- One of the highlights - of William's adventures...
0:17:14 > 0:17:16- ..was looking for gold on the site.
0:17:17 > 0:17:23- Rhodes believed that Ophir, the - Queen of Sheba's goldmine, was here.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26- "I took my handgun...
0:17:26 > 0:17:29- "..and with my compass, - I stepped to the right.
0:17:30 > 0:17:32- "We arrived there before sunrise.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35- "Without exploring very much...
0:17:35 > 0:17:38- "..we found the temple...
0:17:38 > 0:17:42- "..and everyone fell to the floor - in an ancient room...
0:17:42 > 0:17:46- "..which looked as if - it once belonged to the Queen.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49- "Soon we were all asleep...
0:17:49 > 0:17:52- "..dreaming about Solomon's gold...
0:17:53 > 0:17:57- "..and hoping - he'd left some in the cellars...
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- "..so we could dig it up - the following day."
0:18:01 > 0:18:06- I've grown up, knowing William - came here to see Great Zimbabwe...
0:18:06 > 0:18:10- ..knowing it was - an enormous castle and fort...
0:18:10 > 0:18:13- ..but not much more than that.
0:18:13 > 0:18:18- Here I am, - sitting in the very place...
0:18:18 > 0:18:22- ..looking - at this remarkable building.
0:18:22 > 0:18:27- To think that my great-grandfather - had been to this exact spot...
0:18:27 > 0:18:31- ..125 years ago is incredible.
0:18:33 > 0:18:37- In 1896, a year after William's - second book was published...
0:18:37 > 0:18:41- ..the Matabele and the Shona - rebelled against the British.
0:18:41 > 0:18:46- The revolt - was called the First Chimurenga.
0:18:46 > 0:18:50- Its spiritual leader was Nehanda.
0:18:51 > 0:18:56- She was arrested, along with another - famous spiritual leader, Kaguvi...
0:18:56 > 0:19:00- ..and tried for conspiring - to kill a British official.
0:19:02 > 0:19:04- They were both found guilty...
0:19:04 > 0:19:08- ..and on 27 April 1898...
0:19:08 > 0:19:11- ..both were hanged - at Salisbury prison.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16- Nehanda's last words were, - "My bones will rise again".
0:19:17 > 0:19:19- Her prophecy came true...
0:19:19 > 0:19:23- ..during the Second Chimurenga - in the 1970s...
0:19:23 > 0:19:27- ..when Zimbabwe won its independence - after a bloody war...
0:19:27 > 0:19:31- ..against the army of Ian Smith, - head of the Rhodesian government.
0:19:32 > 0:19:36- Nehanda is a national icon - in Zimbabwe today.
0:19:36 > 0:19:41- A contemporary portrayal of her - is given in William Griffith's book.
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- "A tall, attractive woman.
0:19:43 > 0:19:47- "It was apparent that - she possessed exceptional skills...
0:19:47 > 0:19:51- "..that were rare for her people, - and she knew how to use them.
0:19:51 > 0:19:55- "When we came to the first place, - she visited us.
0:19:55 > 0:19:57- "It was a kind of royal visit.
0:19:58 > 0:20:02- "She came with her two handmaidens - to see the white official.
0:20:02 > 0:20:06- "We became friends - in no time at all."
0:20:06 > 0:20:11- She met them because she thought, - 'These white men are arriving...
0:20:11 > 0:20:13- '..I'd better greet them.'
0:20:14 > 0:20:16- But when she saw - the Union Jack flying...
0:20:17 > 0:20:21- ..and found out - their true intentions, she changed.
0:20:21 > 0:20:23- She came to hate them.
0:20:24 > 0:20:27- William had befriended a woman...
0:20:27 > 0:20:31- ..who embodied - the Shona's most powerful spirit.
0:20:31 > 0:20:36- Nehanda's guardian spirit was passed - down through the generations...
0:20:37 > 0:20:39- ..to chosen members of the nation.
0:20:39 > 0:20:42- With the arrival - of the British colonists...
0:20:42 > 0:20:45- ..there was demand for her advice.
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- You know, I'm so pleased - to meet you, Catrin...
0:20:49 > 0:20:54- ..because it's - a long-forgotten history...
0:20:54 > 0:20:56- ..that we are talking about.
0:20:58 > 0:21:01- The Nehanda who met William - was the fifth medium.
0:21:01 > 0:21:06- The spirit was transferred - until it reached (Nehanda) Charwe.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10- Nehanda's spirit is important...
0:21:10 > 0:21:13- ..because she's inherited - this country's gift.
0:21:14 > 0:21:20- So, today, if there's any problem, - we call on Nehanda's spirit.
0:21:20 > 0:21:29- She consults our ancestors on - our behalf if we need their help.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33- So, today, - I have to shake your hand.
0:21:34 > 0:21:35- It's a great pleasure.
0:21:36 > 0:21:42- That we are talking about - these people who lived before us.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44- Exactly. A long time ago.
0:21:44 > 0:21:46- And representing them.
0:21:46 > 0:21:51- He was a man of his time and part - of the British Empire's mission.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54- But he wasn't - an important man in this campaign.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57- He was a small cog...
0:21:58 > 0:22:02- ..in the grand scheme - of British imperialism.
0:22:03 > 0:22:07- They didn't have - a moral right to be there.
0:22:07 > 0:22:12- By using the Matabele's 1893 assault - on Fort Victoria as an excuse...
0:22:12 > 0:22:17- ..Jameson and Rhodes' army - attacked Matabeleland...
0:22:17 > 0:22:21- ..with their Maxim guns - and razed Lobengula's HQ...
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- ..in Bulawayo.
0:22:23 > 0:22:27- 1,000 of the Matabele were killed - along with four Britons.
0:22:28 > 0:22:30- He took the land as loot...
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- ..and also the cattle.
0:22:34 > 0:22:39- More than that, he took away - the natives' self-respect.
0:22:40 > 0:22:42- William was involved - in the conflict...
0:22:43 > 0:22:45- ..and fought near River Tokwe.
0:22:46 > 0:22:51- "If we show them in any way - that we fear the black man...
0:22:52 > 0:22:55- "..it would be - impossible to live with him."
0:22:56 > 0:23:00- "You must always have the - upper hand, whatever the price."
0:23:00 > 0:23:03- These are the Matopos Hills...
0:23:03 > 0:23:05- ..the nation's spiritual home.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10- It's more than likely that Lobengula - came here to poison himself...
0:23:10 > 0:23:14- ..after being tricked - and humiliated by Cecil Rhodes.
0:23:17 > 0:23:20- It is also here, - at the summit of the Matopos...
0:23:21 > 0:23:24- ..overlooking - the splendour of Zimbabwe...
0:23:25 > 0:23:28- ..that Cecil Rhodes' - ornate tomb lies.
0:23:28 > 0:23:30- He's still here.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34- His servant, William Griffith, - died in 1914...
0:23:35 > 0:23:38- ..not from - fighting natives or wild animals...
0:23:38 > 0:23:41- ..but from a dose of flu in London.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43- He was buried in Aberystwyth.
0:23:58 > 0:24:00- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:24:00 > 0:24:01- .