0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *
0:00:01 > 0:00:07- A quiet country. Unspoilt beauty - and celebrated traditions.
0:00:07 > 0:00:12- It was very different once. 80 years - ago, Spain was torn apart by war.
0:00:12 > 0:00:14- Welsh people were heavily involved.
0:00:15 > 0:00:18- I'm following their journey, - retracing their steps...
0:00:18 > 0:00:23- ..to a country with painful memories - and continued ill-feeling.
0:00:35 > 0:00:42- One of the most brutal wars of - the 20th century began in July 1936.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44- The Spanish Civil War.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- Not everyone realised...
0:00:46 > 0:00:50- ..this was the beginning - of the battle against fascism.
0:00:50 > 0:00:54- Many men travelled from Wales - to fight a battle of principle.
0:00:55 > 0:00:58- Little attention has been given - to the women involved.
0:00:59 > 0:01:04- Three young women from Wales had an - important part to play in the war.
0:01:04 > 0:01:08- I'll recollect their stories, - which begin at sea.
0:01:15 > 0:01:20- At daybreak on April 20, 1937...
0:01:21 > 0:01:26- ..a boat sailed towards the port - of Bilbao in the Basque Country...
0:01:26 > 0:01:29- ..captained by WH Roberts - from Penarth.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31- Accompanying him was his daughter...
0:01:32 > 0:01:34- ..20-year-old Florence Evelyn, - or Fifi.
0:01:34 > 0:01:37- Reaching Bilbao - was crucial for them.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40- The Basque Country, - in Northern Spain...
0:01:40 > 0:01:43- ..supported - the democratic government...
0:01:43 > 0:01:45- ..against the right-wing armies.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48- At that time, - because of a blockade...
0:01:49 > 0:01:53- ..Bilbao only had enough food - to last four days.
0:01:53 > 0:01:57- The Seven Seas Spray's cargo - was partly made up of food.
0:01:57 > 0:02:02- Captain Roberts had heard that - the sea was littered with mines.
0:02:02 > 0:02:07- With Fifi at his side, - he set a course for Bilbao.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- At ten o'clock - we raised the anchor and left.
0:02:14 > 0:02:19- The excitement of the event has been - captured in newspaper reports...
0:02:19 > 0:02:22- ..and in - the young woman's memories...
0:02:22 > 0:02:25- ..as her father, defying orders, - set off from France...
0:02:26 > 0:02:28- ..in the dead of night.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30- There were flashes from the land.
0:02:30 > 0:02:35- Searchlights were pointed towards us - but my father ignored them all.
0:02:36 > 0:02:39- Defying the British authorities - was a bold move.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42- Bolder still - was venturing out to sea...
0:02:42 > 0:02:45- ..where mines - were reportedly floating.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49- However, there were no mines, - there was no blockade.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52- It was a conspiracy - to prevent ships from coming in.
0:02:52 > 0:02:56- At the time, Captain Roberts, - Fifi and the sailors...
0:02:56 > 0:02:59- ..risked their lives - to rescue the Basque Country.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03- More ships would follow, - many from Wales.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- The cargo of Seven Seas Spray - offered hope.
0:03:10 > 0:03:14- As we came riverside, everyone - was hanging out of their windows...
0:03:14 > 0:03:16- ..waving their arms - and crying happily.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24- This was nine months after - the start of the Spanish Civil War.
0:03:24 > 0:03:29- The right-wing government, Basque and - Catalan nationalists on one side...
0:03:29 > 0:03:33- ..fascists and conservative forces, - led by Franco, on the other.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37- On land, they had surrounded - the Basque Country.
0:03:37 > 0:03:42- At sea, the blockade - prevented maritime movement...
0:03:42 > 0:03:47- ..causing great hardship - for people like Cely Jiminez.
0:03:47 > 0:03:51- We had to source goods - from places other than shops.
0:03:51 > 0:03:53- Supplies were low.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57- Goods were bought from what - we called the black market.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- Everything was expensive.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04- A kilo of sugar was 80 pesetas. - A litre of oil was a similar price.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13- The Spanish Civil War was a - brutal war between different worlds.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17- The democratic government - of the popular front...
0:04:17 > 0:04:21- ..was a collection of left-wing - groups, communists and anarchists.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- They believed in - education for all, women's rights...
0:04:25 > 0:04:28- ..and powers for - the Basque Country and Catalonia.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32- They wanted to overthrow landowners - and the Catholic Church...
0:04:32 > 0:04:36- ..who rebelled with the help - of Mussolini in Italy...
0:04:37 > 0:04:39- ..and Hitler's Nazis in Germany.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45- Western European countries watched - and did nothing.
0:04:45 > 0:04:49- Individuals were ready to stand up - and they would be seen as heroes.
0:04:53 > 0:04:56- After being welcomed - in the Basque Country...
0:04:56 > 0:04:59- ..Fifi Roberts arrived here.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01- A few days earlier, in this town...
0:05:01 > 0:05:06- ..one of the civil war's - most recognised events took place.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09- It's an event that changed - the course of the war...
0:05:10 > 0:05:13- ..an event that changed - the history of warfare itself.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15- This is Guernica.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19- It was Monday, April 26, 1937.
0:05:20 > 0:05:22- There was a market in this square.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26- The place was packed - with people and market stalls.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30- At 4.00pm, church bells were rung - and factory hooters were sounded.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33- A military plane was approaching.
0:05:33 > 0:05:38- It wasn't just one plane, - it was wave upon wave of aeroplanes.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40- German planes dropped bombs.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43- Italian planes shot people - as they fled.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48- As you can see, - most of the buildings here are new.
0:05:48 > 0:05:53- The old, historic town of Guernica - was completely destroyed.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18- Begotxu Olaizola - comes from the Basque Country.
0:06:18 > 0:06:20- She lived for a time in Wales.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23- She explained how Guernica - became a symbolic target...
0:06:23 > 0:06:27- ..the home of the Basque Country's - government when it was independent.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- It was more than just - military strategy.
0:06:32 > 0:06:37- It was a moral strategy to break - the heart of the Basque Country.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39- Nothing about it was militaristic.
0:06:40 > 0:06:44- There was a small ammunition factory - here but it wasn't bombed.
0:06:44 > 0:06:47- They bombed Guernica town centre.
0:06:47 > 0:06:49- How did it affect - the Basque population?
0:06:50 > 0:06:56- If you read the press reports, - it really did break their hearts.
0:06:57 > 0:07:00- It was a very effective strategy.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06- I accompanied Begotxu - to the peace museum.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10- It was established - to commemorate the attack.
0:07:10 > 0:07:15- Over the years, historians - have pieced the day together...
0:07:15 > 0:07:17- ..to recall the event.
0:07:23 > 0:07:27- They initially used fire bombs, - the one-kilo variety.
0:07:27 > 0:07:29- 7,000 were used.
0:07:30 > 0:07:34- After the fire bombs, - they dropped huge 250kg bombs...
0:07:34 > 0:07:37- ..to destroy everything - in their path.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40- Everything was lost.
0:07:41 > 0:07:45- People fled to the shelters - carrying their house keys...
0:07:45 > 0:07:49- ..thinking it was - an ordinary bombing raid.
0:07:49 > 0:07:51- These were planes - they'd seen before.
0:07:52 > 0:07:54- When they returned home...
0:07:54 > 0:07:58- ..they saw their homes - had been completely destroyed.
0:08:02 > 0:08:06- Fifi Roberts arrived - within days of the destruction.
0:08:08 > 0:08:12- There were groups carrying anything - that was left of their lives.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14- It was a heart-breaking scene.
0:08:14 > 0:08:20- Once we reached Guernica, there - was not a single building standing.
0:08:20 > 0:08:25- Ashes everywhere and nobody to be - seen but for one or two soldiers.
0:08:25 > 0:08:28- They seemed to be searching - for bodies in the ruins.
0:08:29 > 0:08:31- The place was totally destroyed.
0:08:31 > 0:08:33- The bombs were intentional.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36- Market day in the centre - of the old town.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39- Guernica was a symbol - of Basque independence.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42- As well as overthrowing - the government in war...
0:08:42 > 0:08:45- ..Franco also wanted to crush - its supporters.
0:08:45 > 0:08:50- Basque and Catalan nationalists, - socialists and infidels.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53- For Franco, - this was a cruel mission for change.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57- He requested that German planes - drop the bombs...
0:08:58 > 0:09:00- ..and Italian planes - shot the people.
0:09:00 > 0:09:05- For Hitler and Mussolini, the attack - was a rehearsal for things to come.
0:09:09 > 0:09:11- This is why Guernica was chosen.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16- The trunk of this old oak tree - is a symbol of Basque independence.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18- A history in this tree.
0:09:18 > 0:09:23- The attack and the fall of Bilbao - soon after destroyed Basque spirits.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- Today, the memories inspire.
0:09:28 > 0:09:34- In our memories, it's remained as an - attack against the Basque Country.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38- Against the existence - of the Basque Country.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46- Begotxu and I - attend a huge rally that night.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49- A rally to welcome - a politician's release from jail.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52- A former member - of separatist group ETA...
0:09:53 > 0:09:54- ..who now supports peace.
0:09:55 > 0:10:00- Arnaldo Otegi wants to recreate - the collaboration of the 1930s...
0:10:00 > 0:10:04- ..between left-wing parties - and lesser nations.
0:10:06 > 0:10:09- How influential is Arnaldo Otegi?
0:10:10 > 0:10:14- Arnaldo Otegi, - along with four others...
0:10:14 > 0:10:20- ..has moved ETA away from - its violent past five years ago.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23- He's worked very hard...
0:10:23 > 0:10:25- ..he's done a lot - of important work.
0:10:25 > 0:10:29- I'm looking forward to hearing - what he has to say today.
0:10:29 > 0:10:34- What he says is important, - what he does is even more important.
0:10:35 > 0:10:37- We'll wait and see.
0:10:37 > 0:10:43- I hope Otegi, or someone else, - can find a way to heal this country.
0:10:53 > 0:10:54- A part of that process...
0:10:55 > 0:10:58- ..would be returning this - to the Basque Country.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00- It's a copy - of Pablo Picasso's Guernica.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04- The original is in - the Spanish capital, Madrid.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07- For 40 years - after winning the war...
0:11:07 > 0:11:11- ..Franco tried to stifle the Basque - Country's culture and language...
0:11:11 > 0:11:13- ..and the memory - of what happened here.
0:11:13 > 0:11:18- For many in the Basque Country - today, memory is a great weapon.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21- A Welsh lady has a part to play - in those memories.
0:11:29 > 0:11:33- After that journey that brought her - from Bilbao to Guernica...
0:11:33 > 0:11:37- ..Fifi Roberts and her father - made many more journeys...
0:11:37 > 0:11:41- ..back and forth to the - Basque Country and along the coast.
0:11:41 > 0:11:43- On one occasion, to the west...
0:11:43 > 0:11:48- ..her ship was held by - Italian soldiers for two months...
0:11:48 > 0:11:50- ..as food stocks ran low.
0:11:51 > 0:11:56- Fifi returned to Penarth and settled - eventually in South-west England.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59- The memory of the time - she spent here...
0:11:59 > 0:12:02- ..stayed with her until she died.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05- By the time she reached Guernica...
0:12:05 > 0:12:08- ..two other Welsh women - were already in Spain.
0:12:08 > 0:12:13- As we follow in their footsteps, we - will witness the intensity of war.
0:12:19 > 0:12:19- .
0:12:23 > 0:12:23- Subtitles
0:12:23 > 0:12:25- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:12:28 > 0:12:31- The Spanish Civil War - started in July 1936...
0:12:31 > 0:12:34- ..but it was more than a civil war.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37- Italy and Germany - supplied the right-wing rebels...
0:12:37 > 0:12:39- ..with soldiers, - aeroplanes and weapons.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43- The Soviet Union provided some - assistance to the government...
0:12:43 > 0:12:46- ..but for them, volunteer help - was just as important.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50- Socialists and fascists opposers - from around the world...
0:12:50 > 0:12:53- ..including Wales.
0:12:53 > 0:12:58- Fifi Roberts' involvement in the - Spanish Civil War was unexpected...
0:12:58 > 0:13:03- ..but two Welsh nurses had made - a conscious decision to be here...
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- ..because of their beliefs - and conviction.
0:13:06 > 0:13:11- Thora Silverthorne was the daughter - of a communist from Abertillery.
0:13:12 > 0:13:15- She arrived in Granen, - a sleepy town today.
0:13:15 > 0:13:18- She arrived in a lorry - not knowing what lay ahead for her.
0:13:19 > 0:13:22- She helped establish - one of the first army hospitals.
0:13:24 > 0:13:28- Thora was a member of - the first medical unit in Spain...
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- ..working for a body named SMAC.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33- The day they left London...
0:13:33 > 0:13:37- ..10,000 turned up to - an anti-fascist rally in Hyde Park.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41- 3,000 people turned up at Victoria - Station to bid them farewell.
0:13:41 > 0:13:46- They could see that fascism and - Nazism in Europe was on the rise...
0:13:46 > 0:13:50- ..and that the war in Spain - was a war to oppose the rise.
0:13:50 > 0:13:54- The rebels, the nacionales - led by Franco, dominated the war.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57- An important factor - was Franco's army...
0:13:57 > 0:14:01- ..which crossed to Spain from - North Africa thanks to German help.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- They made their way - across the country...
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- ..killing the opposition - and punishing survivors.
0:14:09 > 0:14:14- They crushed the new-found rights - of women and many were raped.
0:14:15 > 0:14:17- Government supporters - were pushed back.
0:14:17 > 0:14:19- Some professional soldiers...
0:14:20 > 0:14:23- ..civilians and thousands - of overseas volunteers.
0:14:27 > 0:14:32- Thora's unit initially arrived - in Granen on the Aragon front.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37- Some of the bloodiest battles - were fought 12 miles from the town.
0:14:38 > 0:14:41- Their task was establishing - a field hospital...
0:14:41 > 0:14:44- ..to give soldiers intensive care.
0:14:45 > 0:14:49- The only place to set up a hospital - was the doctor's former home.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52- It was very dirty - and overrun with rats.
0:14:52 > 0:14:56- We cleaned and scoured the building - for a whole week.
0:14:57 > 0:14:59- We then set up a theatre - for surgery.
0:14:59 > 0:15:03- That was my domain since I was - used to working in a theatre.
0:15:05 > 0:15:10- One of the town's older residents - showed me where the barber's shop...
0:15:10 > 0:15:13- ..and hospital were located.
0:15:16 > 0:15:18- I arrived in Granen - with a forlorn hope...
0:15:18 > 0:15:21- ..of finding something - associated with the civil war.
0:15:22 > 0:15:27- Historians claim there is nothing - to show where the hospital was.
0:15:27 > 0:15:31- The only thing I knew was it was - situated in the doctor's house...
0:15:31 > 0:15:35- ..and at the time, - it was the town's largest house.
0:15:35 > 0:15:40- I started asking local people - and they said it was situated here.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42- They remember the building...
0:15:43 > 0:15:46- ..they remember the doctor - and the hospital.
0:15:47 > 0:15:52- The hospital was similar to today's - Accident and Emergency department.
0:15:52 > 0:15:57- Injured soldiers arrived, emergency - treatment where they lay...
0:15:57 > 0:16:01- ..before sending the injured - to other units and hospitals.
0:16:01 > 0:16:05- The Granen hospital - treated up to 120 soldiers daily.
0:16:07 > 0:16:09- We are very busy.
0:16:09 > 0:16:14- The attack on Huesca has begun and - will be for some time I'm afraid.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17- We've been working - for the last few days...
0:16:18 > 0:16:20- ..some days for 14 hours.
0:16:26 > 0:16:30- It's difficult for us to imagine - the conditions at that time.
0:16:31 > 0:16:33- This is why I'm here.
0:16:33 > 0:16:37- Places like this - would be turned into hospitals.
0:16:37 > 0:16:42- The medical group would arrive and - source the most suitable building.
0:16:42 > 0:16:47- Thora mentioned turning a place - similar to this into a hospital.
0:16:47 > 0:16:50- Operations were carried out - on the bar.
0:16:54 > 0:16:56- This was a brutal war on both sides.
0:16:56 > 0:17:01- Normal rules were ignored. - Even hospitals were a target.
0:17:04 > 0:17:08- We have become accustomed to the air - raids although they still worry me.
0:17:08 > 0:17:13- Planes flew over last night - dropping bombs but did no damage.
0:17:15 > 0:17:19- The swine deliberately - target hospitals, it's inhuman.
0:17:20 > 0:17:24- An English nurse working in a - village some distance from here...
0:17:24 > 0:17:26- ..was very frightened.
0:17:26 > 0:17:30- The previous day, she was talking - to a comrade when a bomb dropped.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33- She was thrown off her chair - and her companion was killed.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38- She saw a bunch of children killed - by another bomb. It's really awful.
0:17:44 > 0:17:47- There were horrific incidents - on both sides.
0:17:47 > 0:17:52- When Franco and his nacionales - occupied a town or village...
0:17:52 > 0:17:55- ..they mercilessly - killed their opposition.
0:17:55 > 0:17:59- On the other hand, there were - attacks on the Catholic Church too.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02- Here, under the name of Primo de - Rivera, leader of the Falange...
0:18:03 > 0:18:05- ..the Spanish fascist party...
0:18:05 > 0:18:09- ..are the names - of over 60 people killed here.
0:18:09 > 0:18:15- This number includes over - 50 priests, killed by anarchists.
0:18:15 > 0:18:20- The paint across the memorial - shows that feelings still run high.
0:18:34 > 0:18:38- The Catholic Church was a huge - factor in the Spanish Civil War.
0:18:39 > 0:18:42- It was one of the powers - of Spanish society.
0:18:42 > 0:18:46- The republicans and the government - wanted to break that power.
0:18:46 > 0:18:50- On the other hand, Franco and his - supporters wanted to maintain it.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55- When the war began, the - Catholic Church supported Franco.
0:18:55 > 0:18:59- The republicans and the government - fiercely opposed it.
0:19:01 > 0:19:05- To this day, many Spaniards find it - difficult to talk about the war.
0:19:05 > 0:19:09- Hundreds of thousands of Spaniards - were killed by other Spaniards.
0:19:09 > 0:19:13- Historians claim that Franco - wanted to cleanse the country...
0:19:14 > 0:19:16- ..of his opponents.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20- As well as revenge, he buried - the memory of what happened.
0:19:25 > 0:19:29- In the middle of the horror of war, - because of the horror of war...
0:19:29 > 0:19:32- ..personal stories developed.
0:19:32 > 0:19:36- In a civil ceremony, Thora married - a doctor, Kenneth Sinclair Loutit.
0:19:37 > 0:19:41- It was, of course, inevitable - I should fall in love with Thora.
0:19:41 > 0:19:45- She had an instinctive understanding - of people's feelings...
0:19:45 > 0:19:48- ..which made - her social relationship successful.
0:19:49 > 0:19:54- All this encased in Celtic good - looks made me a very privileged man.
0:19:54 > 0:19:58- He remembers - how very effective she was...
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- ..warming to people but also brave.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03- Brave because she feared.
0:20:03 > 0:20:07- She could control that fear - and help others to keep their heads.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10- Even when the ground shook - with bombs.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15- Thora Silverthorne was in Spain...
0:20:15 > 0:20:19- ..because of her strong - anti-fascist beliefs.
0:20:19 > 0:20:21- She was raised in Abertillery.
0:20:21 > 0:20:25- She witnessed the effect - of the depression in the Valleys.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28- She joined the Young Communist - League at the age of 16.
0:20:28 > 0:20:33- She said that everyone - in Abertillery discussed politics.
0:20:33 > 0:20:38- After six months with SMAC, she - joined the International Brigade...
0:20:39 > 0:20:43- ..soldiers from around the world - who fought with the republicans.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47- They included miners - from South Wales.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51- They came because - they were communists and socialists.
0:20:52 > 0:20:57- Thora believed that if they were - defeated by fascism in Spain...
0:20:57 > 0:21:01- ..they would be defeated - across the rest of Europe.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06- The International Brigade - was an incredible army.
0:21:07 > 0:21:09- A mixture of people - from different backgrounds.
0:21:10 > 0:21:14- They were trained for four days - before facing Franco's army.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18- They came from over 50 countries - across the world.
0:21:18 > 0:21:22- Those who came from Britain - broke the law in doing so.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26- The British government's policy - was to stay neutral.
0:21:26 > 0:21:30- There was a ban - on travelling to Spain to fight.
0:21:30 > 0:21:36- Amongst the 35,000 volunteers, there - were 180 from Wales, mostly miners.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40- 33 never returned home.
0:21:43 > 0:21:45- This war is just bloody.
0:21:45 > 0:21:50- If it was at all possible, it's made - me even more violently anti-fascist.
0:21:50 > 0:21:53- Their methods, - even for war, are horrible.
0:21:57 > 0:22:03- Seeing the consequences of war left - its mark on Thora by spring 1937.
0:22:03 > 0:22:08- She was concerned that her brother, - Shon, would follow her.
0:22:09 > 0:22:12- I imagine Shon - is on the point of coming out.
0:22:12 > 0:22:15- Please don't let him.
0:22:15 > 0:22:19- I just couldn't bear the strain - of knowing he was in danger too.
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- I'd love to see you all...
0:22:24 > 0:22:25- ..and talk to you.
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- During the war, - there were some key battles...
0:22:34 > 0:22:39- ..where both sides fought - determinedly or made a stand.
0:22:39 > 0:22:42- Thora, the nurse - from Abertillery...
0:22:42 > 0:22:46- ..treated the injured from at least - three or four of the key battles.
0:22:46 > 0:22:49- First, down in Southern Spain...
0:22:49 > 0:22:52- ..and then, - as government forces retreated...
0:22:52 > 0:22:56- ..closer and closer to Madrid - and central Spain.
0:22:56 > 0:22:59- The final battle was in Brunette.
0:22:59 > 0:23:04- She worked in a hospital where - over 5,000 soldiers were treated...
0:23:04 > 0:23:05- ..in a short space of time.
0:23:06 > 0:23:09- This was in July 1937. - She had been there for a year.
0:23:09 > 0:23:11- She soon returned home.
0:23:11 > 0:23:15- What she had seen during the war - made her more determined...
0:23:15 > 0:23:17- ..to oppose fascism.
0:23:18 > 0:23:21- I've never lived - in another community...
0:23:21 > 0:23:23- ..where everybody - was everybody's friend.
0:23:24 > 0:23:29- It was important to be there, - a bit of history, and helping.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33- I think it was - the most important part of my life.
0:23:34 > 0:23:38- Thora Silverthorne's next battle - was for nurses' rights.
0:23:38 > 0:23:42- She established an union - and made a stand against managers.
0:23:42 > 0:23:47- She was part of the discussions - to set up the NHS in 1948...
0:23:47 > 0:23:49- ..but she never forgot Spain.
0:23:49 > 0:23:53- The songs played at her funeral were - Valley of Jarama, Cwm Rhondda...
0:23:53 > 0:23:56- ..The Internationale - and Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau.
0:24:00 > 0:24:04- At almost the same time - as Thora returned to London...
0:24:04 > 0:24:07- ..another Welsh woman - was heading to Barcelona...
0:24:08 > 0:24:10- ..to play her part - in the war against fascism.
0:24:12 > 0:24:13- .
0:24:16 > 0:24:16- Subtitles
0:24:16 > 0:24:18- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:24:55 > 0:25:00- The medical crews initially - arrived here, in Barcelona.
0:25:00 > 0:25:05- Thora Silverthorne came here at the - start of the war, in August 1936.
0:25:05 > 0:25:10- In March 1937 Margaret Powell, - another Welsh nurse, arrived.
0:25:10 > 0:25:13- She came from Llangenny - near Crickhowell.
0:25:14 > 0:25:18- She was a communist and had family - who'd fought in World War One.
0:25:18 > 0:25:22- She remembered Belgian refugees - that moved to the area.
0:25:22 > 0:25:24- She was determined to help.
0:25:24 > 0:25:28- On the day her midwifery training - ended, she was on her way.
0:25:45 > 0:25:50- Margaret Powell reached Barcelona - as part of a convoy from Britain.
0:25:50 > 0:25:53- Two new ambulances, - four men and two women.
0:25:53 > 0:25:57- Two of the men were young. They - volunteered to drive the ambulances.
0:25:58 > 0:26:02- They were both killed - within a fortnight of arriving...
0:26:02 > 0:26:07- ..an example of the heartbreak - Margaret would witness here.
0:26:07 > 0:26:09- She began her work in Polenino.
0:26:15 > 0:26:19- Soon enough, Margaret experienced - the chaos war created.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22- She was meant to embark - on a short train journey...
0:26:23 > 0:26:25- ..but that became - a 12-hour marathon.
0:26:25 > 0:26:27- The train would often stop...
0:26:28 > 0:26:31- ..the engine was transferred - to another train...
0:26:31 > 0:26:34- ..and she failed to complete - the journey to Zaragoza.
0:26:35 > 0:26:37- She walked the final three miles - to Polenino.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42- I was shown to our communal bedroom.
0:26:42 > 0:26:45- Six beds, a shelf and a hook - for our few clothes...
0:26:46 > 0:26:48- ..and a washstand - with a bowl and a jug.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51- Luckily, none of us snored.
0:26:51 > 0:26:55- The one lavatory - a hole in the - think stone floor near our bedroom.
0:26:56 > 0:26:58- And how we knew it - as the weather got hotter.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03- Polenino is where - Margaret's journey began.
0:27:03 > 0:27:05- This was the hospital.
0:27:05 > 0:27:10- After a few days, Margaret enquired - about a constant sound she heard.
0:27:11 > 0:27:13- She was told - it was the noise of battle.
0:27:13 > 0:27:16- For a nurse, battles mean work.
0:27:17 > 0:27:19- There were quieter periods too.
0:27:19 > 0:27:24- Margaret worked as a nurse in the - community and worked as a midwife...
0:27:25 > 0:27:27- ..bringing new life into the world.
0:27:27 > 0:27:29- That was just mere respite.
0:27:30 > 0:27:33- Soon, she was back in the thick - of it, trying to save lives.
0:27:36 > 0:27:40- The house in Polenino - was filled with historic wonders...
0:27:40 > 0:27:43- ..including direct links - to Margaret's time here.
0:27:43 > 0:27:47- The owner showed me where patients - and staff carved their names...
0:27:47 > 0:27:49- ..in the beams.
0:27:50 > 0:27:52- One name stands out - Dr Aguilo.
0:27:52 > 0:27:56- It's almost like seeing - Margaret's name.
0:27:56 > 0:28:00- This Majorcan doctor worked closely - with Margaret during her time here.
0:28:01 > 0:28:03- These were young people.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06- During hard times, - they could still have fun.
0:28:06 > 0:28:11- One hot summer's day, Margaret and - her friends bathed in the river.
0:28:11 > 0:28:15- They were driven away by the locals - for scaring the donkeys!
0:28:31 > 0:28:34- Because of the intense situation...
0:28:34 > 0:28:38- ..the war led to many - important medical developments...
0:28:38 > 0:28:43- ..such as how to treat soldiers - so close to the frontline.
0:28:43 > 0:28:49- The other was triage - the order for - deciding the urgency of treatment.
0:28:49 > 0:28:52- But as Margaret Powell said, - for them...
0:28:53 > 0:28:56- ..it was a case of deciding - who would die first.
0:28:57 > 0:29:01- She has a story about treating - two men in a ward.
0:29:01 > 0:29:05- She went to the older man who - told her to treat the younger man.
0:29:05 > 0:29:09- As she treated the younger, - the older man died.
0:29:09 > 0:29:11- The younger man started to scream.
0:29:11 > 0:29:15- That's when she realised - they were brothers.
0:29:15 > 0:29:18- Margaret said - she just wanted to run away.
0:29:27 > 0:29:30- It's hard to imagine - why a Welsh woman would choose...
0:29:30 > 0:29:35- ..to work in the middle of such - destruction in a foreign country.
0:29:35 > 0:29:38- Margaret was in Spain - because she opposed fascism.
0:29:38 > 0:29:42- Other nurses and doctors - were there...
0:29:42 > 0:29:45- ..because they believed everyone - had a right to treatment.
0:29:45 > 0:29:48- Often, the help - meant more than just treatment.
0:29:51 > 0:29:54- When I'm not needed for surgery...
0:29:55 > 0:29:59- ..I visit the temporary wards - in barns and sheds.
0:29:59 > 0:30:03- I try to comfort the injured - and those close to death.
0:30:06 > 0:30:09- As Franco's army gradually conquered - the country...
0:30:09 > 0:30:13- ..the government's armies tried - to make a stand in key locations...
0:30:14 > 0:30:16- ..gaining territory, - albeit temporarily.
0:30:16 > 0:30:20- The greatest destruction - was witnessed in these areas.
0:30:22 > 0:30:25- Margaret Powell - treated the injured here...
0:30:25 > 0:30:28- ..as she worked in a hospital - a few miles away.
0:30:29 > 0:30:33- This is Belchite which has been - left exactly as it was...
0:30:33 > 0:30:38- ..after a brutal battle for almost - a fortnight in August 1937.
0:30:39 > 0:30:42- It was left like this by Franco - for propaganda purposes.
0:30:42 > 0:30:48- Whatever the reasons, the remains - reflect the intensity of battle...
0:30:49 > 0:30:51- ..on dozens of Spanish towns.
0:30:51 > 0:30:57- It shows the horror of war - that happens across the world today.
0:31:16 > 0:31:20- After the plains of Aragon and - Polenino, Margaret's world changed.
0:31:20 > 0:31:25- By then, October 1937, the battles - had moved to the Pyrenees.
0:31:25 > 0:31:28- There were no - established hospitals here.
0:31:28 > 0:31:33- Small units moved from place - to place, following the battles.
0:31:33 > 0:31:38- In one place, - they set up an emergency hospital...
0:31:38 > 0:31:42- ..only three miles - from the frontline.
0:31:43 > 0:31:47- The task for me was to find - the location of that unit.
0:31:47 > 0:31:52- Margaret had written vividly - about her work and the conditions.
0:31:52 > 0:31:56- There was no electricity, - just an oil lamp and candles.
0:31:56 > 0:31:59- Imagine the surgeon - opening someone's stomach...
0:31:59 > 0:32:03- ..searching for the liver - and stitching it under candlelight.
0:32:04 > 0:32:07- Another pioneering aspect - of the medical work here...
0:32:07 > 0:32:11- ..was using blood banks, - a store of blood for surgeries.
0:32:11 > 0:32:15- This was difficult in the mountains, - and supply was also a problem.
0:32:15 > 0:32:20- They asked for contributions - from anyone who was available.
0:32:20 > 0:32:23- Margaret said - they felt like vampires.
0:32:23 > 0:32:26- We try to give blood - to every patient who needs it...
0:32:26 > 0:32:29- ..but there is no fridge - to store the blood.
0:32:30 > 0:32:33- The most direct approach - is the only answer.
0:32:33 > 0:32:35- At times, we can't find a donor...
0:32:35 > 0:32:38- ..because everyone - has given as much as they can.
0:32:43 > 0:32:44- I was on my way.
0:32:45 > 0:32:48- I knew that the emergency hospital - was in an old mill.
0:32:49 > 0:32:54- It's now used as a hostel - but historian Jose Perez-Marcello...
0:32:54 > 0:32:58- ..knows precisely - where everything was.
0:33:04 > 0:33:09- On the September 22, 1937, an - army medical unit was set up here.
0:33:09 > 0:33:12- It benefitted - from having the mill here.
0:33:12 > 0:33:14- The unit was set up here...
0:33:14 > 0:33:16- ..with two tents in that field.
0:33:17 > 0:33:20- The operations were done - in this abattoir.
0:33:26 > 0:33:33- They had a day to source a suitable - building and turn it into a theatre.
0:33:33 > 0:33:35- That building was an abattoir.
0:33:35 > 0:33:39- Boxes as beds, blankets as walls - and no pillows or sheets.
0:33:40 > 0:33:44- They could hear the sound of battle - all day long...
0:33:44 > 0:33:47- ..a sure sign - that they would be busy later.
0:33:47 > 0:33:50- They were responsible for - the welfare of 13,000 soldiers.
0:33:53 > 0:33:57- Every day, lorries filled - with young men head for the front.
0:33:57 > 0:33:59- They look younger and younger.
0:34:00 > 0:34:02- Though I'm not religious...
0:34:02 > 0:34:06- ..I say a little prayer - and think of their families.
0:34:06 > 0:34:08- I also wonder how long it will be...
0:34:08 > 0:34:11- ..until they are brought back - on the donkeys.
0:34:13 > 0:34:15- Many died.
0:34:16 > 0:34:18- Today, a society - keeps their memory alive.
0:34:19 > 0:34:22- Soldiers were buried - without headstones.
0:34:23 > 0:34:26- Often, there is no record of - the graves of government soldiers.
0:34:27 > 0:34:30- People have declined to ask - in case they open old wounds.
0:34:31 > 0:34:34- Next to the mill in Escartin, - there are two fields.
0:34:34 > 0:34:38- They have been untouched - by the farmer since the war.
0:34:38 > 0:34:40- They are now a pilgrimage site.
0:34:43 > 0:34:47- Underground tests proved - that there were graves here.
0:34:47 > 0:34:52- It was research by a society - determined to find the truth.
0:34:52 > 0:34:55- They wanted to tell the story.
0:34:55 > 0:35:00- They're glad to see forgotten sites - such as this being recognised.
0:35:01 > 0:35:04- By revealing the story, - they gain a deeper understanding.
0:35:05 > 0:35:07- Frederico - is an anti-Franco republican.
0:35:08 > 0:35:12- His father fought for the fascists, - not because he was a fascist...
0:35:13 > 0:35:17- ..but because his home was conquered - by Franco early in the war.
0:35:21 > 0:35:25- When he returned from the war, - he understood the outrage...
0:35:25 > 0:35:27- ..that had been done - and both he and I...
0:35:27 > 0:35:32- ..we are ashamed that the things - that were committed remain hidden.
0:35:32 > 0:35:35- My work ensures - that Spain does not forget...
0:35:36 > 0:35:40- ..and knows what really happened - during Franco's time.
0:35:46 > 0:35:49- For decades, - people didn't talk about the war...
0:35:49 > 0:35:53- ..or family members - that had fought or died.
0:35:53 > 0:35:57- It was almost as if both sides - intentionally forgot.
0:35:58 > 0:36:00- While Franco was alive...
0:36:00 > 0:36:03- ..the vanquished, - the left and the republicans...
0:36:04 > 0:36:07- ..remained silent - for fear of retribution.
0:36:09 > 0:36:14- Whenever a man was buried, - the men asked me to accompany them.
0:36:15 > 0:36:19- I never asked why but it was plain - I represented a wife or a mother.
0:36:19 > 0:36:21- No record other than A's notes...
0:36:22 > 0:36:25- ..were kept of the soldiers - that passed through our hands.
0:36:25 > 0:36:28- There was no time - to mark their graves.
0:36:30 > 0:36:32- Some of the soldiers - were buried here.
0:36:32 > 0:36:36- The soldiers Margaret and her team - failed to save.
0:36:36 > 0:36:41- While many of Franco's supporters - were given respectable graves...
0:36:41 > 0:36:43- ..these soldiers were forgotten.
0:36:43 > 0:36:47- Until society started researching - a few years ago...
0:36:47 > 0:36:49- ..no-one knew what was here.
0:36:49 > 0:36:52- They now know - and there's a stone on each grave.
0:36:52 > 0:36:55- They are stones without names.
0:36:55 > 0:36:57- The evidence has disappeared...
0:36:58 > 0:37:02- ..and no-one will ever know - who was buried underground here.
0:37:11 > 0:37:11- .
0:37:15 > 0:37:15- Subtitles
0:37:15 > 0:37:17- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:37:31 > 0:37:37- Life was hard for Margaret Powell - in northern Aragon in autumn 1937.
0:37:37 > 0:37:40- That winter, it became even harder.
0:37:40 > 0:37:45- The republicans unsuccessfully tried - to break Franco's stranglehold...
0:37:45 > 0:37:48- ..in another part of Aragon, - Teruel...
0:37:48 > 0:37:53- ..during one of the harshest winters - Spain had ever witnessed.
0:37:53 > 0:37:55- According to Margaret...
0:37:55 > 0:37:59- ..injured soldiers froze to death - before they were helped.
0:38:03 > 0:38:04- War is never glorious...
0:38:05 > 0:38:08- ..for nurses, doctors - and the women who wait.
0:38:08 > 0:38:11- We see the misery, - pain and tragedy of it.
0:38:12 > 0:38:15- In Spain, - there was no lack of all three.
0:38:22 > 0:38:26- By the beginning of 1939, - the end was nigh.
0:38:26 > 0:38:31- Margaret Powell fled with whatever - was left of the republican army.
0:38:31 > 0:38:34- The medical crew left Escartin...
0:38:34 > 0:38:36- ..and moved once more.
0:38:36 > 0:38:41- Franco had the support of Germany - and Italy's modern weapons...
0:38:41 > 0:38:44- ..and the government - was left helpless.
0:38:44 > 0:38:48- The nurses couldn't cope - with all the work.
0:38:51 > 0:38:55- We do everything humanly possible, - more than I once thought possible.
0:38:56 > 0:38:59- There is so much more that can be - done if there were more of us.
0:39:07 > 0:39:11- By the time Margaret reached - Solsona in Catalonia...
0:39:11 > 0:39:15- ..the situation looked hopeless - for the government and republicans.
0:39:16 > 0:39:19- They had fled north-east - towards their border with France.
0:39:20 > 0:39:24- Margaret had travelled to Spain - at the earliest opportunity...
0:39:24 > 0:39:27- ..because she believed - in democracy and socialism...
0:39:28 > 0:39:30- ..and her desire to oppose fascism.
0:39:30 > 0:39:34- Preparing to leave, her - determination was as strong as ever.
0:39:35 > 0:39:40- Her love for the Spanish people - had strengthened her feelings.
0:39:43 > 0:39:46- If you knew Spanish people - as I have come to know them...
0:39:46 > 0:39:50- ..you would find ordinary people - brave and kind...
0:39:51 > 0:39:53- ..fighting - not because they love bloodshed...
0:39:54 > 0:39:57- ..but know that they must fight - to save their homes...
0:39:57 > 0:40:00- ..and for the right - to live peacefully and decently.
0:40:02 > 0:40:06- Spaniards know that victory - for the Fascist force...
0:40:06 > 0:40:10- ..would mean tyranny and oppression - for them and for Spain.
0:40:11 > 0:40:14- As republican forces retreated, - chaos ensued.
0:40:14 > 0:40:17- Margaret was in the middle - of that chaos.
0:40:17 > 0:40:21- Members of the medical crew - searched for her...
0:40:21 > 0:40:24- ..and they found her here, - in Solsona.
0:40:24 > 0:40:28- Knowing what I know of her, she - would have come to this building.
0:40:28 > 0:40:32- This church had been turned - into an emergency hospital.
0:40:32 > 0:40:36- By then, Margaret had been a nurse - in the war for two years...
0:40:37 > 0:40:41- ..in difficult circumstances - with little medical equipment.
0:40:41 > 0:40:45- During that time, she didn't mislay - any piece of equipment.
0:40:45 > 0:40:49- Of her patients, - none died from blood poisoning...
0:40:49 > 0:40:51- ..and only one died of gangrene.
0:40:55 > 0:41:00- But they knew the end was nigh - for the government and republicans.
0:41:00 > 0:41:05- They knew that Franco's army would - seek revenge on their opponents.
0:41:05 > 0:41:08- The only answer - was fleeing to France.
0:41:11 > 0:41:14- Long before February 1939...
0:41:15 > 0:41:19- ..most of the international soldiers - had returned home.
0:41:19 > 0:41:23- Margaret, along with many - local republican fighters...
0:41:23 > 0:41:27- ..made the painfully long journey - to the border with France...
0:41:28 > 0:41:31- ..in the snow - and freezing temperatures.
0:41:31 > 0:41:35- Tens of thousands of civilians - also made the journey...
0:41:35 > 0:41:38- ..the elderly, - pregnant women and children.
0:41:38 > 0:41:42- They searched for gaps in the - Pyrenees and some kind of salvation.
0:41:47 > 0:41:52- People's memories of this period - give us an idea of the chaos.
0:41:52 > 0:41:57- Walking though the night, missing - children crying for their mothers.
0:41:57 > 0:42:01- Babies born in the snow. - Children falling over the rocks.
0:42:01 > 0:42:04- Some crawling on all fours, - others barefoot.
0:42:04 > 0:42:09- For many republican soldiers, this - was the worst experience of all.
0:42:09 > 0:42:13- A painful realisation - that they had lost everything.
0:42:18 > 0:42:22- For Margaret, this was the end - of her journey in Spain.
0:42:23 > 0:42:27- From the evidence gathered, we are - sure she crossed to France here...
0:42:27 > 0:42:31- ..along with a dishevelled army - of republicans...
0:42:31 > 0:42:35- ..on February 9, 1939, - possibly in the early hours.
0:42:36 > 0:42:38- For her, it was heart-breaking.
0:42:38 > 0:42:43- In her own words, she said - it was the saddest day of her life.
0:42:46 > 0:42:49- War wasn't imaginary anymore.
0:42:50 > 0:42:54- We had witnessed its horror - and devastation for two years...
0:42:54 > 0:42:58- ..until February 9, 1939, - the saddest day of my life...
0:42:58 > 0:43:01- ..when I, and 10,000 soldiers...
0:43:01 > 0:43:05- ..crossed over the Pyrenees - into unwelcoming France.
0:43:14 > 0:43:19- Margaret, the soldiers - and thousands of civilians...
0:43:19 > 0:43:23- ..crossed over hoping for a welcome - and some assistance.
0:43:23 > 0:43:28- Similar to the plight of refugees - today, that wasn't the case.
0:43:29 > 0:43:33- The Spanish Civil War ended - in March 1939...
0:43:33 > 0:43:36- ..as Franco captured - the Spanish capital, Madrid.
0:43:37 > 0:43:41- Historians on both sides - don't agree on the number of deaths.
0:43:41 > 0:43:44- 200,000 soldiers - in the fighting itself...
0:43:44 > 0:43:48- ..and according - to recent, impartial historians...
0:43:48 > 0:43:50- ..hundreds of thousands - of civilians...
0:43:51 > 0:43:55- ..executed and punished, - killed by the bombing raids...
0:43:55 > 0:43:57- ..or died in prison camps.
0:43:57 > 0:44:02- This was the first war where more - civilians than soldiers were killed.
0:44:02 > 0:44:05- No-one will ever know - the full story.
0:44:09 > 0:44:12- Government supporters - were right to fear.
0:44:12 > 0:44:18- Oppression followed, on the language - and culture of the Basque Country...
0:44:18 > 0:44:20- ..and Catalonia, - where my journey ends...
0:44:21 > 0:44:23- ..but this part of Catalonia - is in France.
0:44:23 > 0:44:29- Every summer, thousands of visitors - flock here to enjoy the sunshine.
0:44:29 > 0:44:33- In the cold of February 1939, - different visitors were here.
0:44:34 > 0:44:37- From the half a million people - who'd crossed the mountains...
0:44:38 > 0:44:41- ..100,000 arrived here - and Margaret Powell was one of them.
0:44:42 > 0:44:46- There were no holiday homes - and hotels here at that time...
0:44:46 > 0:44:49- ..just a strip of marshland - and a beach.
0:44:49 > 0:44:51- It was all fenced off...
0:44:51 > 0:44:56- ..and soldiers from Senegal - made sure no-one fled.
0:44:56 > 0:44:59- There were no toilets, - there was no drinking water.
0:44:59 > 0:45:01- Some people drank seawater.
0:45:01 > 0:45:03- There was no shelter.
0:45:03 > 0:45:07- People dug in the sand - to create makeshift beds.
0:45:10 > 0:45:14- Husbands and wives were separated - and families were split up.
0:45:14 > 0:45:16- Disease was rife.
0:45:16 > 0:45:20- 90% of the babies born here - were likely to die.
0:45:21 > 0:45:24- According to one - humanitarian observer...
0:45:24 > 0:45:28- ..the treatment they received - in France was terrible.
0:45:28 > 0:45:32- The right-wing press - turned people against refugees.
0:45:32 > 0:45:34- They labelled them red terrorists...
0:45:34 > 0:45:38- ..and warned of lawlessness - in the South of France.
0:45:48 > 0:45:49- Amidst the hardship...
0:45:50 > 0:45:54- ..and the thousands of people - confined to this beach...
0:45:54 > 0:45:57- ..Margaret's future - was also unclear.
0:45:57 > 0:45:59- She'd lost her passport.
0:45:59 > 0:46:03- She had no documents to prove - she was a British citizen.
0:46:04 > 0:46:10- Only after a Quaker relief team - was allowed to help was she rescued.
0:46:10 > 0:46:16- Even then, it appears she returned - to help refugees find shelter...
0:46:16 > 0:46:19- ..but it was a terrible end - to a brave story.
0:46:23 > 0:46:25- Well, the end of one brave story.
0:46:26 > 0:46:29- Margaret went on to become a nurse - in the Second World War.
0:46:30 > 0:46:33- Her worked involved - assisting refugees again.
0:46:33 > 0:46:37- In 1944, she headed - for the Sinai desert in Egypt...
0:46:37 > 0:46:42- ..to care for Yugoslavian children - and mothers who sought refuge there.
0:46:42 > 0:46:45- She worked in camps - in Northern Germany...
0:46:45 > 0:46:49- ..caring for people who had lost - their homes during the war...
0:46:49 > 0:46:51- ..but Spain never forgot her work.
0:46:52 > 0:46:56- She was made a Dame of the Order of - Loyalty to the Spanish Republic...
0:46:56 > 0:47:00- ..for her valiant action - as a nurse, self-sacrifice...
0:47:00 > 0:47:02- ..and devotion to the wounded.
0:47:07 > 0:47:09- That's the end of my journey...
0:47:09 > 0:47:12- ..after following the stories - of three young Welsh women...
0:47:12 > 0:47:15- ..caught in one - of the most brutal wars.
0:47:15 > 0:47:18- No-one knows for sure - how many people were killed.
0:47:19 > 0:47:23- Possibly 200,000. No-one knows - how many bodies are missing.
0:47:23 > 0:47:27- When you remember - the refugee camp on that beach...
0:47:27 > 0:47:31- ..there are striking similarities - to the current situation.
0:47:31 > 0:47:35- On this stone, to commemorate - the camp and the war...
0:47:35 > 0:47:40- ..there's one simple sentence - in French.
0:47:40 > 0:47:43- Those of you who are free, remember.
0:48:19 > 0:48:21- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:48:21 > 0:48:21- .