0:00:02 > 0:00:05I'm just going to make a pile of thermals.
0:00:05 > 0:00:09A fleece-lined, checked flannel shirt.
0:00:09 > 0:00:11It says workwear in it.
0:00:11 > 0:00:15I'm Xand van Tulleken and my twin brother Chris and I
0:00:15 > 0:00:16are both doctors.
0:00:16 > 0:00:20Rubber gloves, you can never have too many rubber gloves.
0:00:20 > 0:00:25Over the past decade, we've helped out in emergencies around the world.
0:00:25 > 0:00:29Now, we're going to the emergency that's on our doorstep.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33'39 migrants, including several children,
0:00:33 > 0:00:36'have drowned trying to reach Greece from Turkey.'
0:00:36 > 0:00:42Over the past year, our continent has become part of a massive humanitarian crisis.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44EXPLOSION
0:00:44 > 0:00:47'Scenes of chaos and desperation.'
0:00:47 > 0:00:49'..risking their lives to get here.'
0:00:49 > 0:00:53More than a million people have arrived on Europe's shores
0:00:53 > 0:00:57seeking safety and security or just hopes of a better life.
0:00:57 > 0:01:02'Is this the tipping point in our response to the refugee crisis?'
0:01:02 > 0:01:05Many thought that winter would see less people arriving,
0:01:05 > 0:01:09but huge numbers continue to come, despite the extra risks
0:01:09 > 0:01:11that the cold weather brings.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14Macedonia, Serbia - could be thick snow.
0:01:14 > 0:01:18We have no idea what we're going to find.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20We're going to spend two weeks with the aid workers
0:01:20 > 0:01:22along the migrant trail...
0:01:22 > 0:01:24helping out wherever we can.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Are you OK?
0:01:28 > 0:01:30HE SPEAKS ENGLISH
0:01:32 > 0:01:34From beach landings...
0:01:34 > 0:01:36Two boats in 30 seconds.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38..to makeshift refugee camps.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40What was it like in Syria before you left?
0:01:40 > 0:01:42SHE SPEAKS ARABIC
0:01:45 > 0:01:47From icy cold border crossings...
0:01:47 > 0:01:52We cannot transport this lady, because we will be people trafficking.
0:01:52 > 0:01:55To the shantytowns much closer to home.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58He is quite ill and he should see the doctor now.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01We want to understand what conditions are like for those
0:02:01 > 0:02:05who are fleeing through Europe at this time of year...
0:02:05 > 0:02:08That is a child, this is a child.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12..and see for ourselves how this humanitarian crisis is being met
0:02:12 > 0:02:14across the continent.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16Help, we need a doctor!
0:02:16 > 0:02:18We need to get him out of the wind,
0:02:18 > 0:02:19out of the cold, into somewhere warm.
0:02:31 > 0:02:35We've flown to the Greek island of Lesbos.
0:02:35 > 0:02:38We've come to see what's happening on Europe's front-line
0:02:38 > 0:02:41of the migrant crisis and lend a hand if we can.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48It's only a short boat journey to Lesbos from Turkey,
0:02:48 > 0:02:52making this island the gateway to Europe for those fleeing war and persecution.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57With the land border closed to many migrants,
0:02:57 > 0:03:00the sea crossing is the only route.
0:03:00 > 0:03:05Of the million people that have come to Europe from Syria, Afghanistan - the refugees -
0:03:05 > 0:03:09over the last year, half of them have come through this island.
0:03:09 > 0:03:14So, this little holiday resort is the heart of the biggest refugee migration crisis
0:03:14 > 0:03:16since World War II.
0:03:16 > 0:03:18You'd never know it, would you?
0:03:18 > 0:03:20What is quite amazing is, if you look to the right -
0:03:20 > 0:03:24we're on the coast road - those lights over there are Turkey.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27- Oh, really? That's how close it is? - Yeah.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40'It's 6am...
0:03:40 > 0:03:43'I'm heading for one of the main landing sites for migrants.'
0:03:45 > 0:03:50The sun is just about to come up and this is the time the boats normally arrive.
0:03:50 > 0:03:54They set off when it's still dark and it's light by the time they get to Lesbos.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57But what I'm doing now is just driving along the coast
0:03:57 > 0:04:00looking to see if I can see any of the army of volunteers that are
0:04:00 > 0:04:03keeping an eye out all night for boats.
0:04:05 > 0:04:06Ah, here we go.
0:04:13 > 0:04:17Despite the scale of the migrant crisis, there's been no coordinated
0:04:17 > 0:04:21response by the Greek authorities to the arrivals on the beaches.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- I'm Alex.- Hi, Alex.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26Rebecca is from the UK, she is one of hundreds of volunteers
0:04:26 > 0:04:29who've come to help from around the world.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31So, what have you guys been doing here?
0:04:31 > 0:04:35We get together here from 12 onwards, all night long patrolling
0:04:35 > 0:04:37for the refugees coming off the boats,
0:04:37 > 0:04:39as there's sometimes pregnant women,
0:04:39 > 0:04:41there's very young children,
0:04:41 > 0:04:43also disabled we've had coming off the boats,
0:04:43 > 0:04:46so we need to have teams here to assist them.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50Rebecca tells me it's vital to signal to the boats...
0:04:50 > 0:04:52SHE WHISTLES
0:04:52 > 0:04:54- There's a boat out here now. - I can see flashing.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56..so they can navigate to safety.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58Oh, yeah, yeah. OK.
0:04:58 > 0:04:59Yeah, you flash.
0:04:59 > 0:05:04With a boat in sight, it's critical to attract their attention.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08We do the same back so they know that there's somebody here waiting for them to help them.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11Yeah. You can see them very clearly.
0:05:13 > 0:05:18This is kind of torture watching them, because they could have an engine failure, they could sink.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22Those people are definitely at massive risk of hypothermia
0:05:22 > 0:05:25and it's really rough out there, you can see big waves.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30While Xand waits on the shore,
0:05:30 > 0:05:34I'm on my way to the rocky north coast of the island
0:05:34 > 0:05:38to one of the most dangerous places for the migrants to land.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45(God!)
0:05:47 > 0:05:50There's just boats, there's just rubber.
0:05:51 > 0:05:55You can see very clearly now why you do not want to land
0:05:55 > 0:05:57one of those boats here at night.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03Turkish smugglers force the migrants to pilot their own boats
0:06:03 > 0:06:06and all too often they head for the lighthouse.
0:06:08 > 0:06:10There's another group of volunteers here.
0:06:10 > 0:06:15They've gathered piles of life jackets sold to the migrants.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18Pick one of these that you think looks pretty legitimate.
0:06:18 > 0:06:22Well, this one looks legitimate, doesn't it? It's got safety labelling on it.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24OK.
0:06:26 > 0:06:29- There's a bunch of these.- Oh, wow.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32- This is just packing foam. - Exactly.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38I mean, this kind of thing is just hopeless, isn't it? This is a toy.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41That's what makes me the most angry is when you see a kid
0:06:41 > 0:06:44coming in something like this that's already deflating.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51On the clifftop, spotters are scanning the waters to alert rescue teams
0:06:51 > 0:06:55who can hopefully direct the migrant's boats towards safer beaches.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58Let's have a look.
0:07:00 > 0:07:02There's one there.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11The first boat arrives
0:07:11 > 0:07:14and it's a scramble to help in whatever way we can.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15SHOUTING AND SCREAMING
0:07:22 > 0:07:25There you go.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28The priority is to look out for anyone suffering from hypothermia
0:07:28 > 0:07:31from the freezing sea crossing.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34You're OK. You made it, you made it.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36OK, I need a doctor!
0:07:37 > 0:07:40There's a boy who looks like he's extremely cold.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50OK, OK. It's the other side on the skin.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- I am a doctor, but I'm happy to see another doctor.- Yeah, yeah. Hi, hi.
0:07:54 > 0:07:55OK.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59Let's get his wet shoes and socks off and get him immediately
0:07:59 > 0:08:01a little drier and a little better insulated.
0:08:01 > 0:08:03Getting some dry socks on him now.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07The most important thing is to get him out of the wind, out of the cold, somewhere warm...
0:08:07 > 0:08:09and slowly warmed up.
0:08:13 > 0:08:18A young man, Mohammed, is also showing signs of hypothermia.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22- What's he saying there?- He's saying he's just overwhelmed and scared. - OK.
0:08:22 > 0:08:26Hello, sir. How are you doing? Can you hear me?.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- He's just shocked.- OK.- So, I think he just needs some looking after.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32Thankfully, he recovers quickly.
0:08:34 > 0:08:38- I don't need doctor. I don't need it.- You don't need a doctor?
0:08:38 > 0:08:42You look like you might need at least some attention.
0:08:42 > 0:08:44- Yeah, are you OK?- Yeah.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46Nice to meet you. Good.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50All right. It's good, you've come a long way.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56I have to say, that is full-on.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58We've got about 70 people out of the boat,
0:08:58 > 0:09:00treated a couple of them for hypothermia.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03There's a man here with a heart condition having a cigarette,
0:09:03 > 0:09:05but looking a bit more relaxed.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08I feel elated and extremely sad at the same time.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11It's a very confusing feeling, but you look out and you go all these
0:09:11 > 0:09:15people are safe and there's another boat right there.
0:09:16 > 0:09:17One, two.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22Just as the beach is cleared, we're back to work again.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33Two boats, two boats in 30 seconds.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35SHOUTING
0:09:41 > 0:09:45It's immediately clear that this boat has more vulnerable passengers.
0:09:47 > 0:09:50This lady is pregnant, she's got abdominal pains.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53She's got tummy pains and someone who's just had an extremely
0:09:53 > 0:09:56stressful, traumatic, freezing cold boat journey.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58OK. Is she otherwise healthy?
0:09:58 > 0:10:00SHE TRANSLATES
0:10:00 > 0:10:03Very, very frightening for her and she's with her husband now.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08Obviously, you're worrying about the baby.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11The lady is taken to a clinic for further assessment.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15For some, there's relief that they've made it to Europe.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19Whilst others seem overcome and traumatised by the journey.
0:10:20 > 0:10:24Nearly all of these people are from Syria, Afghanistan or Iraq,
0:10:24 > 0:10:27as are 90% of the migrant arrivals on Lesbos.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- What's your name?- I'm Fatah.- Fatah. - Fatah.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35- I'm Alexander.- OK, nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you.
0:10:35 > 0:10:39- Where have you come from? - I'm from Iraq, I am Kurdish.
0:10:39 > 0:10:43- You're Iraqi Kurd?- Yeah. - Have you been in a boat before?
0:10:43 > 0:10:46- No, no.- Never?- Never. It's my first.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48Have you ever seen the ocean before?
0:10:48 > 0:10:52No, no. It's my first, too.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Everyone who's just landed on the beach is being taken by UN bus
0:10:57 > 0:11:01to a registration camp to make official their arrival in Europe.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06So, how many people do you think in total, so far, this morning?
0:11:06 > 0:11:11- 50 to 60 per boat, times four? - Yeah, so over 200 people.
0:11:11 > 0:11:16- Oh, yeah, for sure. And they have kids.- There'll be more boats elsewhere?
0:11:16 > 0:11:19There's probably about 20 in the north right now.
0:11:19 > 0:11:23- So probably, this morning, more than 1,000 people.- Yeah, for sure. Yeah.
0:11:26 > 0:11:29But not everyone who sets off from Turkey makes it to Lesbos.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35'Boat number five, this is the Turkish operators. Over.'
0:11:36 > 0:11:40Patrolling the waters are several crews of international lifeguards,
0:11:40 > 0:11:42who all seem to coordinate together.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45as well as the official Greek coastguard.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50While Xand stays on land, I'm joining a team from Spain
0:11:50 > 0:11:52who've been here for six months
0:11:52 > 0:11:54and have even brought their own boat with them.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00In winter, these waters are icy cold,
0:12:00 > 0:12:03making this crossing even more dangerous.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07In January alone, there were 218 deaths on the route,
0:12:07 > 0:12:12but numbers would be far greater if it wasn't for the work of lifeguards like Gerard.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16What was the biggest number you guys have helped in one day?
0:12:18 > 0:12:20HE SPEAKS ENGLISH
0:12:23 > 0:12:26So, that might be, like, 5,000 people in one day?
0:12:30 > 0:12:32ANNOUNCEMENT OVER RADIO
0:12:37 > 0:12:41There's a migrant boat that's potentially in trouble.
0:12:41 > 0:12:45But we have to be very careful not to stray outside of Greek waters
0:12:45 > 0:12:48or we could be arrested by the Turkish authorities.
0:12:48 > 0:12:54We're about 50 metres from Turkish water in the sea
0:12:54 > 0:12:59and we can just see maybe 500 metres, a kilometre there
0:12:59 > 0:13:03a very small boat with a very large number of people in it.
0:13:03 > 0:13:08But if their engine fails now, we can't go help them?
0:13:11 > 0:13:13That's mad.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23SPEAKING IN ENGLISH
0:13:25 > 0:13:27Are you OK?
0:13:31 > 0:13:33That's OK, we will.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37These boats are just terrible.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39The front of that boat is almost underwater,
0:13:39 > 0:13:43there's a guy bailing out the boat with a water bottle.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45These boats can just break apart.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49If I were to buy that boat, it's a few hundred euros, isn't it?
0:13:51 > 0:13:54700 euros. And the engine is what? Another 500, something like that?
0:13:55 > 0:14:00Each person in that boat has paid at least 1,000 euros, maybe more.
0:14:02 > 0:14:06These migrants are lucky, the conditions for the crossing
0:14:06 > 0:14:09have been good, their engine has held out
0:14:09 > 0:14:13and they've made it to safety under the watch of the Spanish lifeguards.
0:14:16 > 0:14:18We head back out to sea
0:14:18 > 0:14:21and within minutes we're alerted to a boat in trouble.
0:14:23 > 0:14:26So, it looks like these guys, their engine is broken.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28ANNOUNCEMENT OVER RADIO
0:14:31 > 0:14:35The boat has taken on too much water - if unassisted,
0:14:35 > 0:14:36it could sink in minutes,
0:14:36 > 0:14:40so it's a race against time to transfer the passengers.
0:14:40 > 0:14:41THEY TALK OVER EACH OTHER
0:14:41 > 0:14:45We need to control the crowd, or the boat could capsize.
0:14:45 > 0:14:47SHE SPEAKS ENGLISH
0:14:53 > 0:14:55THEY SHOUT OVER EACH OTHER
0:15:00 > 0:15:04A few tense minutes later and 50 people have been safely rescued.
0:15:04 > 0:15:07CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:15:14 > 0:15:15While Chris is out at sea,
0:15:15 > 0:15:18I'm heading inland to the registration camp
0:15:18 > 0:15:20run by the Greek authorities,
0:15:20 > 0:15:24to visit a medical clinic that treats new arrivals to the island.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30I want to know more about the medical problems facing the migrants
0:15:30 > 0:15:32at this stage of their journey.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37Moria Camp is based in a former police detention centre.
0:15:39 > 0:15:44It's here where the migrants have to formally register their arrival in Greece.
0:15:44 > 0:15:47They can't move on until they've received documentation.
0:15:50 > 0:15:54It feels like a very sad place, that's my first impression.
0:15:55 > 0:15:59This is the sort of minimum thing we can do to keep people alive -
0:15:59 > 0:16:02a roof over their heads, some food -
0:16:02 > 0:16:05but to try and live here with a family with dignity...
0:16:07 > 0:16:09..that's pretty tough, isn't it?
0:16:09 > 0:16:11I wouldn't want to have my family here.
0:16:15 > 0:16:20One of the clinics at the camp is run by charity MSF.
0:16:20 > 0:16:24On duty today is Nora, an Arabic-speaking GP from London.
0:16:24 > 0:16:26SHE SPEAKS ARABIC
0:16:28 > 0:16:34For most migrants, this is their first chance to see a doctor in many weeks.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36There's no problem in your lungs, OK?
0:16:36 > 0:16:40- All you need today is paracetamol.- Bye-bye. Thank you.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45Is that pretty representative of the kind of thing you see?
0:16:45 > 0:16:48Yeah. So, the majority of what we've being seeing here has been
0:16:48 > 0:16:52respiratory tract infections. So, colds, chest infections.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55There's so much frostbite at the moment, as well.
0:16:55 > 0:16:57Because they're walking from Afghanistan
0:16:57 > 0:16:59through the mountains into Iran.
0:16:59 > 0:17:02It's snowing there and we're seeing frostbite.
0:17:02 > 0:17:05Oh, God. We're seeing people standing on sea urchins
0:17:05 > 0:17:08and coming in with hundreds of spikes in their foot.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11- Well, you never get those two things in the same clinic.- No!
0:17:11 > 0:17:15- Sea urchins and frostbite never go together.- Exactly, exactly.- Wow.
0:17:15 > 0:17:17So, we're seeing a big variety.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20- Lots of psychological problems. - Really?
0:17:20 > 0:17:22Huge number of psychological problems.
0:17:22 > 0:17:25Lots of people who've just lost their medication.
0:17:25 > 0:17:26So, we see blood sugar levels
0:17:26 > 0:17:29that are higher than I've ever seen in my life.
0:17:31 > 0:17:35One of the youngest patients today is five-year-old Ibrahim from Syria,
0:17:35 > 0:17:39who's arrived with his mum and has a painful foot condition.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42This is absolutely classic trench foot.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45Infection just gets into that so easily.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48It's very painful and it means this little boy can't use his feet.
0:17:48 > 0:17:52I mean, if you imagine travelling anywhere with a little kid -
0:17:52 > 0:17:56a kid who can't walk is much, much harder to get around with.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58'Trench foot is soft tissue damage
0:17:58 > 0:18:01'caused by standing in cold water for long periods.'
0:18:05 > 0:18:07Oh, you don't want to touch your feet?
0:18:07 > 0:18:10Shall I hold them? Is that better?
0:18:10 > 0:18:11Yeah?
0:18:12 > 0:18:15'Ibrahim has a condition that's rarely been seen in Britain
0:18:15 > 0:18:18'since the First World War.'
0:18:18 > 0:18:20IBRAHIM CRIES
0:18:20 > 0:18:21You're OK, you're OK.
0:18:21 > 0:18:24They arrived two days ago from Syria.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26None of this happened from the dinghy.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29This all happened from the rain yesterday and because
0:18:29 > 0:18:32it rained so much and they were sleeping out here,
0:18:32 > 0:18:34he's got this today.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40'We've caught it early, so the treatment is straightforward -
0:18:40 > 0:18:42'clean, dry socks and some paracetamol.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47'He should be walking again in a couple of days.'
0:18:47 > 0:18:51THEY SPEAK OWN LANGUAGE
0:18:52 > 0:18:53Thank you.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58- That's better. That's better. - Do you want an arm?
0:18:58 > 0:19:01'One of the more vulnerable patients today is Kameron,
0:19:01 > 0:19:03'an elderly Iraqi man.'
0:19:04 > 0:19:08He is traumatised by walking because his shoes are destroyed
0:19:08 > 0:19:10and his sight is reduced.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12HE SPEAKS KURDISH
0:19:12 > 0:19:15He can't see in both eyes.
0:19:16 > 0:19:19He seems to be very visually impaired.
0:19:19 > 0:19:20Yes, he is.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23As far as I can see, he's got quite severe cataract.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27It looks like the problem is that his feet have been injured
0:19:27 > 0:19:30because of his journey and because his shoes are destroyed.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35His feet are absolutely freezing.
0:19:36 > 0:19:39His nail is completely smashed up.
0:19:39 > 0:19:41And because he's diabetic, of course,
0:19:41 > 0:19:43now we're even more worried with the open cuts on the feet
0:19:43 > 0:19:45that he'll get infected.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49Oh, what's happened here?
0:19:50 > 0:19:53HE SPEAKS KURDISH
0:19:55 > 0:19:57HE SPEAKS KURDISH
0:20:04 > 0:20:05Yeah, in the leg.
0:20:11 > 0:20:13I'm worried about him because he's vulnerable.
0:20:13 > 0:20:17He's on his own, he's partially sighted, he can barely walk.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20He's going to really struggle speaking Kurdish around here
0:20:20 > 0:20:22because there aren't many Kurdish interpreters at all.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25But the most important thing at the moment, to me,
0:20:25 > 0:20:28is to have a look at these wounds, get my nurse to clean them.
0:20:31 > 0:20:32Yes, it's very hard.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36Travel alone and he has nobody to help him, that's the problem.
0:20:41 > 0:20:45- Nora?- Yes?- Here also, right? - Yep, please.
0:20:46 > 0:20:49You see terrible things in the hospital in England as well,
0:20:49 > 0:20:53obviously, but his life does not look good for a long time to come.
0:20:55 > 0:20:57But at least Nora's going to get him to hospital,
0:20:57 > 0:20:59which is where he needs to be.
0:21:02 > 0:21:05I want to know more about what's driven people to leave their homes
0:21:05 > 0:21:07on such difficult journeys
0:21:07 > 0:21:10with some of the most vulnerable family members.
0:21:10 > 0:21:13HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE
0:21:13 > 0:21:15'One of the new arrivals is Muhammad
0:21:15 > 0:21:18'who left Syria three weeks ago heading for Germany
0:21:18 > 0:21:21'along with his wife and four young children.'
0:21:21 > 0:21:22Who's the oldest?
0:21:22 > 0:21:23TRANSLATION:
0:21:25 > 0:21:26And you're ten?
0:21:27 > 0:21:28Wow.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31Little man, you doing OK?
0:21:31 > 0:21:33HE LAUGHS
0:21:37 > 0:21:40TRANSLATION:
0:22:08 > 0:22:10TRANSLATION:
0:22:11 > 0:22:12Amna. I'm Alex.
0:22:15 > 0:22:16Welcome.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19Welcome to you!
0:22:19 > 0:22:21And what was it like in Syria before you left?
0:22:21 > 0:22:24TRANSLATION:
0:22:35 > 0:22:37And what do you think is going to be the best thing
0:22:37 > 0:22:38about being in Germany?
0:22:49 > 0:22:50Like me?
0:22:52 > 0:22:53Whoa!
0:22:53 > 0:22:56'Amna shows me what possessions she has left from home.'
0:22:56 > 0:22:57How much is this?
0:23:00 > 0:23:0225.
0:23:03 > 0:23:04What could you buy with this?
0:23:07 > 0:23:09Do you have anything else from Syria?
0:23:09 > 0:23:11- No.- No.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19CHILDREN GIGGLE
0:23:19 > 0:23:23I meet lots of ten-year-olds, but I've never spoken to
0:23:23 > 0:23:26a ten-year-old who talked about rocket attacks at home.
0:23:26 > 0:23:30And that's not a conversation anyone should have with a ten-year-old.
0:23:34 > 0:23:37If I think of what my son got for Christmas...
0:23:38 > 0:23:42..and she left Syria with two coins, which are now worthless
0:23:42 > 0:23:45because of the war. That money's worthless anywhere.
0:23:45 > 0:23:48But those are her memories of home, are those two coins.
0:23:55 > 0:23:58'In January this year, more than 30,000 people
0:23:58 > 0:24:00'made the crossing to Lesbos.
0:24:00 > 0:24:03'This time last year, it was less than 1,000.'
0:24:06 > 0:24:09The humanitarian response here seems, at times, chaotic,
0:24:09 > 0:24:11but the volunteers and the Greek authorities
0:24:11 > 0:24:16are doing their best to manage a complex and ever-changing situation.
0:24:20 > 0:24:21From Lesbos, I'm travelling to
0:24:21 > 0:24:24Athens following the migrants' route
0:24:24 > 0:24:26to mainland Europe.
0:24:29 > 0:24:31'It's six in the morning.
0:24:31 > 0:24:33'I've come to the port in the Greek capital to see
0:24:33 > 0:24:36'the humanitarian issues facing the migrants
0:24:36 > 0:24:38'on the next stage of their journey.'
0:24:38 > 0:24:41WHISTLES BLARE
0:24:41 > 0:24:45'Every single day, at least 1,500 people leave Moria camp
0:24:45 > 0:24:47'to take the overnight ferry to Athens.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52'Everyone is desperate to move on as quickly as they can from Greece
0:24:52 > 0:24:54'to richer countries in northern Europe.'
0:25:02 > 0:25:05HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE
0:25:05 > 0:25:08Everyone's blowing whistles and trying to get people on buses
0:25:08 > 0:25:09to the border.
0:25:12 > 0:25:15You get the sense people here are really vulnerable
0:25:15 > 0:25:16to being exploited.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19Everyone looks a bit bewildered, it's early in the morning,
0:25:19 > 0:25:21it's freezing cold and there's a lot of people shouting at them
0:25:21 > 0:25:23to get on different buses.
0:25:23 > 0:25:24HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE
0:25:27 > 0:25:29Whether they're legitimate bus companies or smugglers,
0:25:29 > 0:25:31I can't tell.
0:25:31 > 0:25:34'One thing that isn't here is medical help.'
0:25:34 > 0:25:37They are moving quickly to the buses to get to the border
0:25:37 > 0:25:40and you really get a sense if any of them have got medical problems,
0:25:40 > 0:25:42they're not going to be pausing here.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45They're not stopping. Their priority is not their health.
0:25:45 > 0:25:48Their priority is getting to the rest of Europe.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55But not everyone is able to leave Athens immediately.
0:25:59 > 0:26:02Tucked away down a side street is a camp that's home
0:26:02 > 0:26:05to hundreds of the most vulnerable of Europe's new arrivals.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10A clinic here provides health care to migrants
0:26:10 > 0:26:12who are stuck in limbo in Athens.
0:26:13 > 0:26:16'Dr Katerina wants to introduce me to one of her patients
0:26:16 > 0:26:21'who has overcome huge challenges to flee to a better life.'
0:26:21 > 0:26:22Where is he? Oh, he's here!
0:26:22 > 0:26:23Yes!
0:26:24 > 0:26:28'Qusai is a 29-year-old man from Syria.'
0:26:28 > 0:26:29Very nice to meet you.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31I'm Alex.
0:26:33 > 0:26:36So, you have quite a good view of everything that happens.
0:26:41 > 0:26:44'Qusai has brittle bone disease and this puts him
0:26:44 > 0:26:47'at extremely high risk of sustaining fractures.'
0:26:47 > 0:26:50I've seen these boats coming in and there is no room.
0:26:50 > 0:26:53- I mean, everyone is getting pushed around and tripping.- Yeah, yeah.
0:26:55 > 0:26:57I would find that boat trip difficult.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00For me, it's amazing that you managed to do it.
0:27:15 > 0:27:19You have to pay a separate ticket for your wheelchair?
0:27:35 > 0:27:38- When you were getting out of the boat?- Yeah.
0:27:42 > 0:27:46I mean, that gives me some idea of how bad it was to be in Syria.
0:27:53 > 0:27:55..the regime of Assad...
0:28:07 > 0:28:08Wow.
0:28:23 > 0:28:24That's amazing.
0:28:24 > 0:28:26Really, you've made my day.
0:28:26 > 0:28:27It's completely amazing.
0:28:34 > 0:28:38I've travelled to the next stage of the migrants' route through Europe -
0:28:38 > 0:28:40the Greek-Macedonian border crossing at Idomeni.
0:28:47 > 0:28:51Aid tents, UNHCR...
0:28:51 > 0:28:55railway tracks, razor wire
0:28:55 > 0:28:57and a big old queue of people there.
0:28:59 > 0:29:01'The migrants arrive on buses from Athens,
0:29:01 > 0:29:04'currently at the rate of around 2,000 per day.
0:29:07 > 0:29:11'Macedonia is not in the EU, so controls its own borders.
0:29:11 > 0:29:14'But it will only allow three nationalities -
0:29:14 > 0:29:18'Syrians, Afghanis and Iraqis - to enter.
0:29:18 > 0:29:20'Everyone else is turned away, forcing them
0:29:20 > 0:29:23'to carry on illegally or return to Athens.
0:29:26 > 0:29:28'The only place at Idomeni where everyone is treated equally
0:29:28 > 0:29:30'is the clinic.
0:29:30 > 0:29:33'Run by doctors of the world, there are people
0:29:33 > 0:29:35'of many nationalities here,
0:29:35 > 0:29:38'including those turned away at the border.
0:29:38 > 0:29:40TRANSLATION:
0:29:41 > 0:29:44'Many are nervous of being identified...'
0:29:44 > 0:29:45Point? You point?
0:29:45 > 0:29:47'..such as Hamza from Morocco.'
0:29:49 > 0:29:51What is your plan now?
0:29:51 > 0:29:54TRANSLATION:
0:29:59 > 0:30:03'This young Somali woman needs stitches for an injured hand.'
0:30:03 > 0:30:04How did she hurt her hand?
0:30:15 > 0:30:18'Her friend says they've come to Europe to escape
0:30:18 > 0:30:21'the al-Shabab militia terrorising their country.'
0:30:33 > 0:30:35Now what will you do?
0:30:37 > 0:30:38Mm-hm.
0:30:44 > 0:30:47How much money have you spent coming from Somalia to here?
0:30:53 > 0:30:55You hope you will get to Sweden?
0:30:56 > 0:30:58- Inshallah.- Yeah.
0:31:03 > 0:31:04This is where it happens.
0:31:04 > 0:31:08Where either you get to Europe or not.
0:31:08 > 0:31:12Once you're through this point, I think, you just fairly quickly
0:31:12 > 0:31:16rattle through to Germany, Denmark, where you want to get to.
0:31:16 > 0:31:20'But for many, being turned back at the Macedonian border means
0:31:20 > 0:31:23'another round of people smugglers and attempts to evade
0:31:23 > 0:31:26'the authorities if they're to get to the destinations
0:31:26 > 0:31:27'of northern Europe.'
0:31:31 > 0:31:33For those who've made it across the border,
0:31:33 > 0:31:36it's 200 miles through Macedonia to reach Serbia.
0:31:38 > 0:31:41The weather here can be even more brutal for the next stage
0:31:41 > 0:31:43of the journey.
0:31:45 > 0:31:47What I'm really hoping is that no-one has to spend
0:31:47 > 0:31:50too much time outdoors, because I'm wearing a huge number of layers
0:31:50 > 0:31:53and expensive thermals and a fancy jacket and I'm cold.
0:31:57 > 0:31:59What I'm shocked to find is that once the migrants
0:31:59 > 0:32:01have crossed the border into Serbia,
0:32:01 > 0:32:04they have to continue their journeys on foot.
0:32:07 > 0:32:09Hi!
0:32:14 > 0:32:18'No matter what their condition, they have to walk over a kilometre
0:32:18 > 0:32:21'to the first Serbian camp for security screening.'
0:32:24 > 0:32:27More than any other crisis I've ever been to,
0:32:27 > 0:32:30the only thing there is for doctors and nurses to do here,
0:32:30 > 0:32:34with a few little exceptions, most people just want some humanity.
0:32:34 > 0:32:36They just want a bit of compassion.
0:32:40 > 0:32:42TRANSLATION:
0:32:49 > 0:32:52We have a vehicle, we have a Jeep there.
0:32:52 > 0:32:53And we cannot transport this lady
0:32:53 > 0:32:56because we will be people trafficking.
0:32:59 > 0:33:02'All I can do is walk with her to the Serbian checkpoint.'
0:33:06 > 0:33:10Once they pass through the first checkpoint, the young, the old,
0:33:10 > 0:33:13and the infirm are taken by minibus
0:33:13 > 0:33:163km to another set of security checks.
0:33:16 > 0:33:20The rest have to walk those 3km in sub-zero temperatures
0:33:20 > 0:33:22and driving snow.
0:33:25 > 0:33:28But as night draws in and more arrive at the border,
0:33:28 > 0:33:31it is clear that there aren't enough minibuses.
0:33:33 > 0:33:37That's a van for the children and the disabled people,
0:33:37 > 0:33:40but having said that, that is a child.
0:33:40 > 0:33:43- This is a child.- This is my child.
0:33:43 > 0:33:46- As-Salaam-Alaikum.- I walk because there are not many cars.
0:33:46 > 0:33:50- There are no cars, yes, you know where you are going?- Yes, I know.
0:33:50 > 0:33:51OK.
0:33:51 > 0:33:54I am FREEZING. This is unbelievable.
0:33:59 > 0:34:02This border crossing is a microcosm of the whole response where,
0:34:02 > 0:34:06it's like, "Well, we'll help, but not much.
0:34:06 > 0:34:08"We'll put on a bus for some of the way,
0:34:08 > 0:34:10"but we'll also make you walk in the snow.
0:34:10 > 0:34:13"Some of you can have a bus and a hot cup of tea.
0:34:13 > 0:34:17"We'll kind of be a bit nice, but not very, very nice."
0:34:19 > 0:34:21Even at this coldest time of year,
0:34:21 > 0:34:26around 2,000 people are arriving every day, all of whom have to be
0:34:26 > 0:34:30registered before they can carry on with their journeys through Serbia.
0:34:30 > 0:34:35Until they've been processed, they can't enter the relief tents.
0:34:35 > 0:34:36Look behind me.
0:34:36 > 0:34:40It's this again, we've got a wonderful tent,
0:34:40 > 0:34:43like a wedding marquee tent, with a huge silver pipe pumping
0:34:43 > 0:34:48boiling hot air into this tent, OK, and the tent, as you can see
0:34:48 > 0:34:52through the cracks, is completely empty, and the people, if I turn
0:34:52 > 0:34:57you round, the people who should be in the warm tent are all behind me.
0:34:57 > 0:34:59This is the madness of this crisis.
0:35:05 > 0:35:07HE CRIES
0:35:09 > 0:35:10How are you feeling?
0:35:15 > 0:35:16Where are you trying to go?
0:35:19 > 0:35:23- Norway?- Yes.- So you're getting used to the cold for Norway.- Yeah.
0:35:31 > 0:35:34So who are you running away from? Isis or Assad?
0:35:37 > 0:35:38You are stuck in the middle?
0:35:47 > 0:35:50Are you happy? How do you feel that you left? Are you happy?
0:35:55 > 0:35:57Yes and no in the same.
0:35:58 > 0:35:59Yes and no together? OK.
0:36:02 > 0:36:06Having queued to get their papers checked yet again, it's only
0:36:06 > 0:36:09when they get inside the camp that people can at least get
0:36:09 > 0:36:13a hot cup of tea, some food and clean clothes if they need them.
0:36:13 > 0:36:18If it wasn't for the volunteers, I'm not sure any of this would be here.
0:36:19 > 0:36:22There's also a medical clinic run by an Israeli charity.
0:36:26 > 0:36:29- What's this baby's name?- Leah.- Leah.
0:36:35 > 0:36:38So you're getting good at hypothermia?
0:36:38 > 0:36:41Because people are queuing for an hour or an hour and a half
0:36:41 > 0:36:44before registration with their babies.
0:36:49 > 0:36:51How cold was this baby?
0:36:51 > 0:36:54- 32.- 32 is cold.- Yes.
0:36:54 > 0:36:57Put it this way, I have never seen a baby in the UK
0:36:57 > 0:36:59- with a body temperature of 32.- Yes.
0:37:01 > 0:37:04- It would be an emergency in the hospital.- Yes, yes.
0:37:06 > 0:37:09And this is a very happy warm baby now.
0:37:15 > 0:37:21I've overtaken Chris to travel 1,500 miles the easy way by plane.
0:37:23 > 0:37:27I'm heading for one of the key destinations for many migrants,
0:37:27 > 0:37:29the infamous Calais Jungle.
0:37:34 > 0:37:36This is a place where people have ended up.
0:37:36 > 0:37:39It may not be what they want to be their final destination,
0:37:39 > 0:37:41but I think people are getting stuck here, and so,
0:37:41 > 0:37:44I'm expecting we're going to see maybe quite different medical
0:37:44 > 0:37:47problems, I don't know exactly what,
0:37:47 > 0:37:50but living in a camp is very different to being on the move.
0:37:50 > 0:37:54I feel quite nervous as we get closer to the Jungle,
0:37:54 > 0:37:58thinking, what are we going to find here?
0:38:10 > 0:38:12Oh, my God, this is appalling.
0:38:16 > 0:38:19You cannot imagine that we are in northern Europe.
0:38:20 > 0:38:23It doesn't look like anyone should live here at all.
0:38:26 > 0:38:29There's estimated to be around 5,000 people here,
0:38:29 > 0:38:31and everyone wants to get to the UK,
0:38:31 > 0:38:33either because of family ties,
0:38:33 > 0:38:35or because they believe Britain
0:38:35 > 0:38:36is the best place in Europe
0:38:36 > 0:38:38to make a new life.
0:38:45 > 0:38:48So I thought I was coming to a refugee camp,
0:38:48 > 0:38:51but this is a proper shantytown, and this is the high street.
0:38:53 > 0:38:57There's restaurants, there's shops, there's a hairdresser.
0:38:57 > 0:39:00And then in the background, you've got the Western world.
0:39:01 > 0:39:04This barricaded motorway, with all trucks and cars driving
0:39:04 > 0:39:12along it, policemen lining it, all separated by a massive fence.
0:39:13 > 0:39:17You can see this horrible inequality between the two bits of the world.
0:39:19 > 0:39:23What it must be like to turn up, having come all the way from Syria,
0:39:23 > 0:39:27and end up here, and you must be wondering what on earth you've done.
0:39:31 > 0:39:32HE COUGHS
0:39:33 > 0:39:37What is that? What is that?
0:39:39 > 0:39:41This is the police gas?
0:39:43 > 0:39:46- So they gas them when they try and climb over?- This is police game.
0:39:46 > 0:39:50COUGHING: Are these people leaving because of the gas? Oh, my God.
0:39:50 > 0:39:51We have to leave.
0:39:57 > 0:40:00The following morning, I've returned to the Jungle.
0:40:06 > 0:40:10On the edge of the camp is a clinic run by MSF.
0:40:10 > 0:40:12Even at 9am, there's a queue of patients.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19There are many families with young children.
0:40:21 > 0:40:23He has a fever and cough.
0:40:23 > 0:40:27- How long is he sick? - Two days.- Two days.
0:40:27 > 0:40:30Because the Jungle is too cold, you know what I mean?
0:40:30 > 0:40:32Aaaah. Aa-aa.
0:40:32 > 0:40:35The Behar family from Iraq are one of dozens with colds
0:40:35 > 0:40:36and chest infections.
0:40:39 > 0:40:42But there are other patients with conditions that have nothing
0:40:42 > 0:40:44to do with the weather.
0:40:47 > 0:40:50A young Afghan man has a suspected broken arm after
0:40:50 > 0:40:53a confrontation with the police.
0:40:53 > 0:40:55OK, can you move your fingers?
0:40:58 > 0:41:01So he broke his arm because he fell from the fence?
0:41:01 > 0:41:06Yes, when he saw police, he tried to come back and from the top,
0:41:06 > 0:41:11police moved the fence and he fell on this wrist.
0:41:13 > 0:41:15You don't know until he's had an X-ray,
0:41:15 > 0:41:17he can certainly move his fingers, his hand is warm,
0:41:17 > 0:41:20so it hasn't interrupted the blood supply or the nerves,
0:41:20 > 0:41:23but still, this can be a very big problem, he may need surgery.
0:41:23 > 0:41:26If he has surgery, that will be very complicated
0:41:26 > 0:41:28because he's living in the Jungle.
0:41:28 > 0:41:31Is this uncommon to see broken bones from the police?
0:41:31 > 0:41:34- I don't know, four, five each week.- Really?
0:41:34 > 0:41:35Yes.
0:41:37 > 0:41:39Because of the severity of the injury,
0:41:39 > 0:41:43MSF is able to send him to the local hospital for treatment.
0:41:43 > 0:41:45What will you do, when your bones heal?
0:41:45 > 0:41:47Will you try again to go to London?
0:41:47 > 0:41:54Yes, tomorrow. After tomorrow, this is OK, I am after trying.
0:41:55 > 0:41:56Bonjour.
0:41:57 > 0:41:59It's complicated, isn't it?
0:41:59 > 0:42:02He's trying to get to England, he's fallen off the fence,
0:42:02 > 0:42:04but the police were shaking the fence.
0:42:04 > 0:42:06It's kind of a self-inflicted injury,
0:42:06 > 0:42:08but he's in a really difficult situation.
0:42:08 > 0:42:11Medically, I'd say, you're crazy, don't try and go anywhere
0:42:11 > 0:42:15with a broken arm, but for his life, it's not much of a life here.
0:42:18 > 0:42:21One of the volunteers helping out in the camp is
0:42:21 > 0:42:25an expert in public health from Cambridge University.
0:42:25 > 0:42:27What are the big problems here?
0:42:27 > 0:42:31Lack of hygiene, lack of sanitation, lack of access to clean water.
0:42:31 > 0:42:35Essentially, fundamental public health infrastructure.
0:42:35 > 0:42:39'Stephen has spent the last month here assessing conditions.'
0:42:39 > 0:42:42If this was in the UK, if this was a music festival in the UK,
0:42:42 > 0:42:44it would never be allowed to happen again.
0:42:44 > 0:42:47There are standards about access to toilets.
0:42:47 > 0:42:51At UK music festivals, it's one toilet for 25 people.
0:42:51 > 0:42:54Here, you're looking at one toilet for nearly 100.
0:42:54 > 0:42:56There's a factory over here.
0:42:56 > 0:43:00That produces chemicals that go into the air.
0:43:00 > 0:43:02Underneath our feet is an old industrial dump.
0:43:02 > 0:43:03There's asbestos a few feet below...
0:43:03 > 0:43:07- So this is like the worst place to put a camp?- Yes, it's a question
0:43:07 > 0:43:10of when something is going to kick off, not if.
0:43:10 > 0:43:12- Do you mean an epidemic?- Yes.
0:43:12 > 0:43:15Hopefully it won't be anything as severe as cholera,
0:43:15 > 0:43:18maybe some other form of diarrhoeal disease,
0:43:18 > 0:43:20but it is going to be a "when", not an "if" question.
0:43:22 > 0:43:26What's amazing to me about this place is it's not a managed camp.
0:43:26 > 0:43:29I've never been in a camp where the United Nations isn't doing stuff,
0:43:29 > 0:43:31a lot of NGOs aren't running things, where the
0:43:31 > 0:43:33state isn't taking much of an interest.
0:43:33 > 0:43:36Yes, the French government have refused to classify this
0:43:36 > 0:43:37as a humanitarian crisis.
0:43:37 > 0:43:41Oxfam isn't here, the Red Cross isn't here, the UN's not here.
0:43:41 > 0:43:46What we end up having is a bunch of essentially ragtag volunteers.
0:43:46 > 0:43:48It's not like an emergency response.
0:43:48 > 0:43:50These people are not treated as humans.
0:43:50 > 0:43:54They are treated as a nuisance, as essentially vermin.
0:43:56 > 0:43:59Whatever reasons lie behind the lack of basic assistance
0:43:59 > 0:44:01for the people of the Jungle,
0:44:01 > 0:44:05it's not deterred migrants from coming here in large numbers.
0:44:05 > 0:44:09Every day sees around 50 new arrivals.
0:44:09 > 0:44:14The result feels to me like a crisis within a humanitarian crisis.
0:44:19 > 0:44:21The majority of migrants are not heading to Britain
0:44:21 > 0:44:23and don't end up in the Jungle.
0:44:23 > 0:44:26Throughout my journey, I've often been told
0:44:26 > 0:44:28that the favourite destination is Germany
0:44:28 > 0:44:33where the response has been led by the state, not by volunteers.
0:44:33 > 0:44:35It's a cold, grey day in Berlin.
0:44:35 > 0:44:39This city, which is smaller than London, has taken 80,000 people.
0:44:39 > 0:44:43Germany as a whole has taken a million people.
0:44:43 > 0:44:46I want to see, how are they getting on? How are they faring?
0:44:46 > 0:44:48How are they being treated?
0:44:49 > 0:44:53The LaGeSo registration centre is where migrants join long queues
0:44:53 > 0:44:58for the paperwork they need to begin the asylum process.
0:44:58 > 0:45:01Some have travelled more than 3,000 miles to get here.
0:45:05 > 0:45:09This queue is full of Syrians and Afghans, Libyans
0:45:09 > 0:45:11and Kosovans and Albanians.
0:45:12 > 0:45:15It's an amazingly ethnically diverse group.
0:45:17 > 0:45:19I just can't believe...
0:45:19 > 0:45:21Surely all these people are not going to get asylum?
0:45:21 > 0:45:26LOUD SHOUTING
0:45:26 > 0:45:29But no matter where they're from, until their status
0:45:29 > 0:45:32has been decided, there's help for everyone.
0:45:32 > 0:45:36This clinic has been established to treat common medical problems.
0:45:36 > 0:45:39But it also feeds migrants in greater need
0:45:39 > 0:45:41into the German health system.
0:45:42 > 0:45:47This is how the Germans are taking care of the refugees.
0:45:47 > 0:45:49Quite different to...
0:45:49 > 0:45:50Sorry.
0:45:50 > 0:45:52..the great Macedonian border.
0:45:52 > 0:45:56'I'm here to see Harry, a young Kurdish man from Iraq
0:45:56 > 0:45:58'who travelled across Europe in his wheelchair.'
0:45:58 > 0:46:01How old were you when you broke your back?
0:46:03 > 0:46:04Eight years ago.
0:46:04 > 0:46:05And before that your legs worked?
0:46:05 > 0:46:08Your legs were fine? You were walking.
0:46:16 > 0:46:18OK.
0:46:21 > 0:46:24- Can you feel, touch, here? - Yeah, I feel that.- Feel this?
0:46:24 > 0:46:26- Feel that. - This?- Yeah, I don't feel.
0:46:26 > 0:46:28- Nothing here?- Yeah, nothing here.
0:46:28 > 0:46:31OK, so... Show me where the limit of feeling is.
0:46:31 > 0:46:32Yeah, I feel there.
0:46:32 > 0:46:33I don't feel.
0:46:33 > 0:46:39I think for a long time, the best thing will be physical therapy.
0:46:39 > 0:46:41I think in Germany there are very good physical therapists
0:46:41 > 0:46:44- who can help with that.- I think so.
0:46:44 > 0:46:48And you have the strength here to be very good with a wheelchair.
0:46:48 > 0:46:51- You have the strength.- Yeah, it's been a long time, this.
0:46:51 > 0:46:54'It's very unlikely that Harry will ever be able to walk again.
0:46:54 > 0:46:56'But I feel confident that he'll flourish
0:46:56 > 0:46:58'if he's allowed to stay here.'
0:46:58 > 0:47:01Being in a wheelchair in Germany, possibly more than
0:47:01 > 0:47:05any other country on earth, there is a community
0:47:05 > 0:47:06that you can be a part of.
0:47:06 > 0:47:09He's not going to get his legs back, but I suspect
0:47:09 > 0:47:11that his life here is going to be a lot easier.
0:47:15 > 0:47:17'In Germany, it's been a huge undertaking
0:47:17 > 0:47:20'to cope with such a large influx of people in need.'
0:47:24 > 0:47:27Places like this former airport, Tempelhof,
0:47:27 > 0:47:29have been converted into emergency shelters
0:47:29 > 0:47:31for thousands of recent arrivals.
0:47:38 > 0:47:39Wow.
0:47:42 > 0:47:44This is a breathtaking...
0:47:45 > 0:47:48bit of engineering and construction.
0:47:53 > 0:47:55'Katoba came here from the Iraqi city of Ramadi
0:47:55 > 0:47:57'after it fell to ISIS.'
0:47:59 > 0:48:01At first, we're looking for peace.
0:48:01 > 0:48:04The next, I want to continue my studying.
0:48:04 > 0:48:06- I'm studying medicine...- Oh. - ..and general surgery.
0:48:06 > 0:48:08- So, I'm a doctor.- Ah!
0:48:08 > 0:48:10- That's very nice.- Thank you.
0:48:11 > 0:48:15'Katoba is one of what will soon be 7,000 people
0:48:15 > 0:48:17'living in this hostel.
0:48:17 > 0:48:20'In a matter of months, the authorities have already managed
0:48:20 > 0:48:23'to provide warm beds, hot meals, toilets and showers
0:48:23 > 0:48:24'for so many people.'
0:48:26 > 0:48:30- We go by buses.- You get a bus to go and have a shower?- Yeah.
0:48:30 > 0:48:35- And where's the shower? - The end of this building.- Oh, wow!
0:48:35 > 0:48:37- It's a very famous building. - Yeah, yeah.
0:48:37 > 0:48:39Built by Hitler's chief architect.
0:48:39 > 0:48:43We are lucky we visit this historical place for free.
0:48:44 > 0:48:47- You're a very optimistic person, I think.- Yeah.
0:48:47 > 0:48:50- I can't turn back to my... - You can't go back to Ramadi?
0:48:50 > 0:48:52No, I can't. It's destroyed.
0:48:54 > 0:48:56- It's destroyed. - So, you have to succeed here.
0:48:56 > 0:49:01Yeah. No way. I have to success or success.
0:49:03 > 0:49:04No way.
0:49:06 > 0:49:10'The way the German authorities have handled the humanitarian crisis here
0:49:10 > 0:49:12'is undoubtedly impressive.
0:49:12 > 0:49:15'These are the best conditions I've witnessed so far
0:49:15 > 0:49:17'along the route.'
0:49:18 > 0:49:20The question is - does their generous response
0:49:20 > 0:49:24encourage more people to make the perilous journey?
0:49:24 > 0:49:27Or is Germany simply responding in the most humane way possible?
0:49:32 > 0:49:35Back in France, I'm leaving Calais Jungle to explore
0:49:35 > 0:49:39another destination for large numbers of migrants.
0:49:39 > 0:49:42It's a camp that's much less well-known
0:49:42 > 0:49:45and where there are even fewer volunteers helping out.
0:49:46 > 0:49:51'Across the road from a suburban French housing estate near Dunkirk
0:49:51 > 0:49:54'is Europe's newest migrant camp that sprung up
0:49:54 > 0:49:55'in just a few short months.'
0:50:00 > 0:50:04Immediately walking in, this doesn't even feel like a shanty town.
0:50:04 > 0:50:05This feels...
0:50:08 > 0:50:11This is just people, sort of, camping in the woods.
0:50:11 > 0:50:14'I've been told that there are around 3,000 people here,
0:50:14 > 0:50:17'mostly Kurdish with lots of families.
0:50:19 > 0:50:22'Medical charity Doctors Of The World
0:50:22 > 0:50:25'runs a makeshift clinic in the camp.
0:50:26 > 0:50:30'Co-ordinator Florence has been here for the past six months.'
0:50:31 > 0:50:35- You go to the doctor? - Yeah.- You know, they're there.
0:50:35 > 0:50:37Bye-bye.
0:50:37 > 0:50:42There's between 200 and 300 children younger than ten years old.
0:50:42 > 0:50:44Really?
0:50:44 > 0:50:48- 300 children living in these conditions?- Yeah.
0:50:48 > 0:50:51You can't imagine 300 children living in a place like this.
0:50:51 > 0:50:53This is not... No-one should live here.
0:50:53 > 0:50:55I don't know. People are going to stay in the spot
0:50:55 > 0:50:57where they think they're going to get a better chance
0:50:57 > 0:50:58to get to England.
0:50:58 > 0:51:01It's not that they don't care, but they will not think about
0:51:01 > 0:51:03living condition because they always have that hope
0:51:03 > 0:51:05that tomorrow they will be in England.
0:51:05 > 0:51:07It's only going to be for one more night.
0:51:09 > 0:51:12I thought Calais was the worst camp I've ever seen,
0:51:12 > 0:51:14but this is spectacularly worse.
0:51:16 > 0:51:19This place is a measure of how desperate people are
0:51:19 > 0:51:20to get to England.
0:51:20 > 0:51:23You have to go through this...
0:51:23 > 0:51:26hellhole to get somewhere that you want to be.
0:51:29 > 0:51:31'I've heard that there's a young child in the camp
0:51:31 > 0:51:33'called Ariat who's not well.
0:51:34 > 0:51:37'I want to see how he's getting on and what kind of conditions
0:51:37 > 0:51:39'the family are living in.
0:51:42 > 0:51:44'Narus is from the Kurdish part of Iraq.
0:51:45 > 0:51:47'She has six children with her.'
0:51:49 > 0:51:51How long have you been living in this shelter?
0:51:51 > 0:51:53TRANSLATION:
0:52:02 > 0:52:03He does not look very well.
0:52:10 > 0:52:12So, he has... Ooh.
0:52:12 > 0:52:14He has a rash in his mouth.
0:52:14 > 0:52:16How long has he had the rash for?
0:52:20 > 0:52:21Is he eating OK?
0:52:23 > 0:52:26This is not good. My worry is it's not chickenpox, it's measles.
0:52:26 > 0:52:29Did he have his vaccinations when you were in Iraq?
0:52:37 > 0:52:40He is quite ill and he should see the doctor now
0:52:40 > 0:52:43and if there is a big problem, they can get him to hospital.
0:52:43 > 0:52:45I'm happy to try and speak to the doctors in the clinic
0:52:45 > 0:52:47and see if we can do some other things for him.
0:52:48 > 0:52:51'The family are sleeping in a makeshift home
0:52:51 > 0:52:54'built out of two tents and bits of plastic sheeting.'
0:52:56 > 0:52:57How many people?
0:52:59 > 0:53:00Five people?
0:53:04 > 0:53:06And all the bedding is wet.
0:53:06 > 0:53:09Is the floor wet? Yes, so everything is damp.
0:53:11 > 0:53:13Oh, my goodness. And you can smell...
0:53:13 > 0:53:15It smells like an old bread bin.
0:53:26 > 0:53:28This is very hard to live like this.
0:53:37 > 0:53:39So, we'll try and look after you.
0:53:39 > 0:53:41We'll try and look after the baby, OK?
0:53:41 > 0:53:44And we'll try and get you feeling a bit better.
0:53:47 > 0:53:50One-year-olds, their immune systems just don't work
0:53:50 > 0:53:53and everything in that place is setting the kid up
0:53:53 > 0:53:56for severe illness, which is what I'm worried he's got.
0:53:57 > 0:54:00'At the clinic, the doctor on duty doesn't take long
0:54:00 > 0:54:02'to confirm my fears.'
0:54:08 > 0:54:11He has measles, right?
0:54:11 > 0:54:13Yes.
0:54:13 > 0:54:15I need to bring him to the hospital.
0:54:15 > 0:54:17You think he should go to hospital?
0:54:17 > 0:54:19- Yes.- I do, I agree with you.
0:54:32 > 0:54:34You know how to use that?
0:54:34 > 0:54:36OK, no more than three times a day.
0:54:36 > 0:54:38It's for the fever.
0:54:44 > 0:54:47This is the worst thing I've seen on this entire journey.
0:54:47 > 0:54:50Looking at little Ariat, everything about him
0:54:50 > 0:54:53says he should go to hospital and he's only one year old.
0:54:53 > 0:54:55But his mother doesn't want to take him.
0:54:55 > 0:54:58She's got five other kids here. I think she's frightened
0:54:58 > 0:55:02of the French authorities and you can't make someone go to hospital.
0:55:02 > 0:55:06The terrifying thing is he's not the only kid here.
0:55:06 > 0:55:10There are hundreds of other kids here and
0:55:10 > 0:55:12the risks of a measles epidemic in a place like this
0:55:12 > 0:55:14are very high.
0:55:14 > 0:55:17Measles in England doesn't kill anyone, or very rarely.
0:55:17 > 0:55:20Measles in a place like this kills kids very quickly.
0:55:27 > 0:55:30'After two weeks on the migrant trail, I'm travelling
0:55:30 > 0:55:32'from Germany to France to pick up Xand
0:55:32 > 0:55:34'before we head back to the UK.'
0:55:34 > 0:55:37The reason Xand and I did this trip is cos we both worked
0:55:37 > 0:55:40in these humanitarian crises where people desperately
0:55:40 > 0:55:42need medical help.
0:55:42 > 0:55:46But it's very simple when you go to an earthquake or a flood
0:55:46 > 0:55:50or a cyclone or a famine and you just set up a tent
0:55:50 > 0:55:51and you treat people's needs.
0:55:52 > 0:55:56'What we've witnessed on this trip is not a natural disaster.
0:55:56 > 0:55:59'Yet, it's the biggest humanitarian crisis in Europe
0:55:59 > 0:56:00'since World War II.
0:56:02 > 0:56:05'From the Greek islands to the northern French coast,
0:56:05 > 0:56:09'we've witnessed the conditions migrants are facing.
0:56:09 > 0:56:12'It's clear those conditions are no deterrent for those
0:56:12 > 0:56:13'wishing to make the journey.'
0:56:18 > 0:56:19Bloody hell.
0:56:21 > 0:56:22That is nuts, isn't it?
0:56:24 > 0:56:26You all right? How you doing?
0:56:26 > 0:56:29- Nice to see you! - This is unbelievable.
0:56:29 > 0:56:34I've just come from the most organised German camp.
0:56:34 > 0:56:36This isn't even the worst bit.
0:56:43 > 0:56:46I have all this jumble of thoughts about my response to this.
0:56:46 > 0:56:50How do you end up feeling about the whole crisis?
0:56:50 > 0:56:53To come and see all this as a doctor, through a medical lens,
0:56:53 > 0:56:56you just go, "Oh, OK, I can see loads of health problems,
0:56:56 > 0:56:58"but I know how to fix the health problems.
0:56:58 > 0:57:01"But I don't know how to fix the dilemmas
0:57:01 > 0:57:02"about immigration and refugees."
0:57:02 > 0:57:05- I haven't got a way of... - Yeah, I feel like this isn't
0:57:05 > 0:57:08a mess that's going away anywhere soon, is it?
0:57:08 > 0:57:11- This is going to keep happening.- And I guess when I think about all that,
0:57:11 > 0:57:14the main feeling I've had through the whole trip is,
0:57:14 > 0:57:15"Thank God this isn't me."
0:57:15 > 0:57:17If this was my family in this situation,
0:57:17 > 0:57:18I would not be able to cope.
0:57:18 > 0:57:21I've never felt more lucky in my life.