0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:02 > 0:00:03- Hedd Wyn.
0:00:03 > 0:00:08- The Trawsfynydd poet who became - one of our country's icons.
0:00:10 > 0:00:14- A man who has become a part - of our national consciousness.
0:00:17 > 0:00:22- A century after Hedd Wyn's death, - we look anew at this iconic story.
0:00:22 > 0:00:27- A talented young man who hadn't - had the benefits of education...
0:00:27 > 0:00:30- ..winning - the National Eisteddfod Chair...
0:00:30 > 0:00:35- ..but being killed in the Great War - before claiming his prize.
0:00:36 > 0:00:40- It's a story that encapsulates - the sacrifice and waste of war.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- Small wonder that it was the basis - for an Oscar-nominated film.
0:00:47 > 0:00:49- The story's appeal continues.
0:00:51 > 0:00:56- In 2014, the Welsh football team - visited Hedd Wyn's grave in Belgium.
0:00:57 > 0:01:02- But why does Hedd Wyn's story still - grasp our imagination so strongly?
0:01:27 > 0:01:31- In this programme, we follow Hedd - Wyn's story during his short life...
0:01:32 > 0:01:35- ..in England, - and in France and Belgium.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39- But at the heart of his story - lies his home.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42- Yr Ysgwrn farm in Trawsfynydd.
0:01:43 > 0:01:47- You must understand the culture - and landscape of his home turf...
0:01:48 > 0:01:50- ..in order to understand - his work as a poet.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54- For a century, - people have been coming here...
0:01:54 > 0:01:58- ..to try to get to know - the man behind the story.
0:02:00 > 0:02:03- For years, relatives of Hedd Wyn...
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- ..have guided visitors - around the house.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11- This is Gerald Williams, - Hedd Wyn's nephew.
0:02:11 > 0:02:16- If you saw the film Hedd Wyn, - the people who made it came here.
0:02:17 > 0:02:22- They saw the paper that was here - originally and said it was too new.
0:02:22 > 0:02:26- He went to the village - and bought a big pot of coffee...
0:02:26 > 0:02:29- ..and painted coffee - all over the wallpaper.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32- The house - reeked of coffee for weeks.
0:02:32 > 0:02:35- You come here and you can see...
0:02:36 > 0:02:39- ..where Hedd Wyn actually lived.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44- But who was Hedd Wyn?
0:02:45 > 0:02:48- This is a statue of him - here in Trawsfynydd.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53- Statues like this one, - commemorating ordinary men...
0:02:53 > 0:02:55- ..are very scarce in Wales.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00- When the statue - was unveiled in 1923...
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- ..Hedd Wyn had become a folk hero.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- Indeed, it was paid for - by ordinary people.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10- Contributions came - from across Wales...
0:03:10 > 0:03:14- ..and from expatriate communities - in England and America.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18- In a war that saw destruction - and loss of life...
0:03:18 > 0:03:21- ..on a scale never before seen...
0:03:21 > 0:03:25- ..Hedd Wyn came to represent - a whole generation of lost talents.
0:03:26 > 0:03:30- He's portrayed here - not as a soldier with his gun...
0:03:30 > 0:03:33- ..or as a poet with pen in hand...
0:03:33 > 0:03:36- ..but as an ordinary man, - as a shepherd.
0:03:41 > 0:03:45- Ellis Evans, or Hedd Wyn - as he would become more familiar...
0:03:45 > 0:03:47- ..was a farmer's son.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52- He was born in 1887, - the eldest of eleven children.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57- It may be ironic that he was - portrayed as a shepherd...
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- ..because in a newspaper - interview after his death...
0:04:01 > 0:04:02- ..his mother said this.
0:04:03 > 0:04:04- He was no shepherd.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09- Indeed, I told him, - "What if you marry, my boy?
0:04:09 > 0:04:11- "Your wife would starve."
0:04:12 > 0:04:15- But although his mother - sounded rather harsh...
0:04:16 > 0:04:20- ..Hedd Wyn's parents were very - supportive of his talent as a poet.
0:04:21 > 0:04:22- It was late at night...
0:04:23 > 0:04:26- ..between 10.30pm and 3.00am, - that he worked his poems.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- The following day, - he could get up when he wanted.
0:04:31 > 0:04:35- Hedd Wyn's father - first taught him to write poetry...
0:04:35 > 0:04:37- ..when he was eleven years old.
0:04:38 > 0:04:41- Soon, he began to compete - at the family chapel.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45- Ebenezer chapel - has now been demolished...
0:04:45 > 0:04:47- ..but it was on this site...
0:04:47 > 0:04:52- ..at a competitive meeting - organized by the chapel...
0:04:52 > 0:04:56- ..that Hedd Wyn won his first prize - as a poet, aged just twelve.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- In 1901, when he was 14 years old...
0:05:06 > 0:05:10- ..he left school - to work at home at Yr Ysgwrn.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14- He still won regularly at the chapel - and at small eisteddfodau.
0:05:14 > 0:05:18- As a country poet, - he was constantly in demand...
0:05:18 > 0:05:21- ..to write poems - for weddings and funerals.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25- His love for his community - is evident in his work...
0:05:26 > 0:05:28- ..as is his love - for the forces of nature.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34- "For only a purple moon
0:05:35 > 0:05:37- "Lights the mountain bare
0:05:37 > 0:05:40- "And the song of the river Prysor
0:05:40 > 0:05:42- "Singing in the air"
0:05:45 > 0:05:49- But despite the beauty - of the Prysor valley...
0:05:49 > 0:05:51- ..life at Yr Ysgwrn was hard.
0:05:51 > 0:05:55- Soon after Christmas 1908, - at the age of 21...
0:05:55 > 0:05:59- ..Hedd Wyn sought work as a miner - in the South Wales Valleys.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02- He came here, to Abercynon.
0:06:05 > 0:06:08- He lived in this house - in Glancynon Terrace...
0:06:08 > 0:06:11- ..lodging, apparently, - with Mr and Mrs Robert Morris.
0:06:11 > 0:06:15- Like him, the man of the house - was a native of Meirionnydd.
0:06:16 > 0:06:22- He was one of 2,500 men - who worked at this colliery.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26- It was a different world - for a lad from Trawsfynydd.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28- But he would later attest...
0:06:29 > 0:06:33- ..that the same community spirit - and willingness to share...
0:06:34 > 0:06:37- ..was present in Abercynon - as it was at home.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40- He often repeated - a favourite miners' quote.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43- "While I have six, - you'll have three."
0:06:44 > 0:06:47- The collier's generosity - might have pleased him...
0:06:48 > 0:06:50- ..but working underground didn't.
0:06:50 > 0:06:54- After a few weeks - living down here in Abercynon...
0:06:54 > 0:06:58- ..he sent this message - on a postcard to Jane Williams...
0:06:58 > 0:07:02- ..who was in the same Sunday school - class as him in Trawsfynydd.
0:07:03 > 0:07:04- "Dear Jane.
0:07:05 > 0:07:06- "How are you?
0:07:06 > 0:07:09- "Have you learnt Samuel's story yet?
0:07:10 > 0:07:12- "I'll be coming back there soon.
0:07:12 > 0:07:16- "Regards to Trawsfynydd's - rain and wind.
0:07:16 > 0:07:18- "Yours, Ellis."
0:07:19 > 0:07:20- He kept his word.
0:07:20 > 0:07:23- After just three months, - he went home.
0:07:24 > 0:07:28- Only one englyn has survived - from his time here in Abercynon.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- The two last lines go like this.
0:07:31 > 0:07:37- "My body may be in the south, - but my soul's in Trawsfynydd."
0:07:43 > 0:07:48- Gerald Williams was the last of Hedd - Wyn's family to live at Yr Ysgwrn.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51- But he has no children...
0:07:51 > 0:07:56- ..and in 2012, - he had to make a difficult decision.
0:07:56 > 0:08:01- I was in a terrible quandary - about what to do with the old place.
0:08:01 > 0:08:05- To keep the place on, - as it is, as I have done.
0:08:05 > 0:08:10- I was in a fix, then I got the idea - to sell it to the National Park.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13- I told the Park - to keep the door open.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- The Snowdonia National Park - now owns Yr Ysgwrn...
0:08:18 > 0:08:21- ..while Gerald lives - in a bungalow nearby.
0:08:22 > 0:08:28- In 2014, the Park secured 2.8m - from the Heritage Lottery Fund...
0:08:28 > 0:08:31- ..to enable them - to protect the house...
0:08:31 > 0:08:33- ..and develop the site.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37- This was the day work started.
0:08:37 > 0:08:41- First, the entire contents - of the house had to be catalogued.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47- Naomi Jones and Jess Enston - are part of the team...
0:08:47 > 0:08:51- ..who look after Yr Ysgwrn - on behalf of the Park.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54- That's a poem about Hedd Wyn.
0:08:54 > 0:08:55- About Hedd Wyn?
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- A survey shows - that 95% of the contents...
0:09:01 > 0:09:04- ..date back to Hedd Wyn's time.
0:09:05 > 0:09:09- One of the UK's leading experts - in restoring old furniture...
0:09:09 > 0:09:11- ..is Hugh Haley from St Clears.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16- The job this week is to remove - the chattels and the furniture...
0:09:17 > 0:09:21- ..so that the conservation work - can be done to the house itself.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24- It's a workshop task, really...
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- ..to assess how much work - will have to be done.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- Once they get back to my place, - I'll bring them into the workshop...
0:09:32 > 0:09:35- ..and be able - to see behind things, underneath.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38- All the dark and dirty places.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44- How are you bearing up, Gerald?
0:09:45 > 0:09:47- Yes, good question.
0:09:48 > 0:09:50- It's a strange feeling, yes.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52- Removing the old place.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55- It's as if it's being gutted.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58- This is where I was raised.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01- This is what I've seen all my life.
0:10:01 > 0:10:05- The bed won't go down the stairs, - so we have to dismantle it.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16- The six chairs won by Hedd Wyn - at different eisteddfodau...
0:10:17 > 0:10:19- ..are treated with special care.
0:10:22 > 0:10:25- What do you think? Good idea?
0:10:25 > 0:10:26- What do you think? Good idea?- - Specialist treatment!
0:10:32 > 0:10:33- Thank you very much.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38- Are you alright?
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- Hedd Wyn was a keen competitor - at local eisteddfodau.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56- But the prestige and praise weren't - his only reasons for competing.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- His parents couldn't afford - to pay him a wage...
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- ..for working on the farm...
0:11:02 > 0:11:06- ..so eisteddfod prizes - provided an income.
0:11:06 > 0:11:09- After a local eisteddfod win...
0:11:09 > 0:11:12- ..he'd sometimes buy beer - for his friends.
0:11:12 > 0:11:17- Once, after winning three shillings - at Llan Ffestiniog eisteddfod...
0:11:17 > 0:11:20- ..for an englyn - to the Moelwyn mountain...
0:11:20 > 0:11:22- ..he and his friends - celebrated in a pub.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25- Having drunk the prize, - about twelve pints...
0:11:26 > 0:11:28- ..Hedd Wyn announced thus.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31- "Lads, we've achieved quite a feat.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- "We've swallowed the Moelwyn - in 15 minutes!"
0:11:40 > 0:11:44- If Hedd Wyn, like any - young man in his twenties...
0:11:44 > 0:11:47- ..enjoyed his friends' company - in a pub...
0:11:48 > 0:11:51- ..he also enjoyed - more educated company.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54- He was friends - with many older local poets...
0:11:54 > 0:11:58- ..as well as ministers - including Silyn Roberts...
0:11:58 > 0:12:00- ..who introduced him - to socialist ideas.
0:12:01 > 0:12:06- Another friend at this time - was John Morris, a local teacher.
0:12:06 > 0:12:12- I have a vivid memory of an evening - sitting by the fire with him here.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16- He took a piece of paper - out of his waistcoat pocket...
0:12:16 > 0:12:20- ..put it by the fire - and then lit his pipe.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- I realized that there was an englyn - written on it.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27- I grabbed the paper, - put out the flame and read it.
0:12:28 > 0:12:30- This was that englyn.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34- "I strolled near melodious streams
0:12:34 > 0:12:38- "As the shy nervous wind - blew through pastures
0:12:38 > 0:12:42- "And the sunlight's - white arm embraced
0:12:42 > 0:12:45- "The old neck of the mountains."
0:12:49 > 0:12:52- He may not - have taken care of his poems...
0:12:52 > 0:12:55- ..but their standard - improved constantly.
0:12:56 > 0:12:59- He won his first chair - at Bala Eisteddfod in 1907.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03- Many in Meirionnydd's - poetic circles...
0:13:03 > 0:13:07- ..had noticed Ellis Evans, - the promising Trawsfynydd poet.
0:13:08 > 0:13:12- Of course, - he was Ellis Evans at the time.
0:13:12 > 0:13:16- It would be another three years - before he took his bardic name.
0:13:21 > 0:13:25- Ffestiniog area poets - would gather from time to time...
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- ..to accept new members - into their midst...
0:13:29 > 0:13:31- ..and to give them bardic names.
0:13:31 > 0:13:36- Those meetings usually took place - on the shores of Llyn Morwynion.
0:13:36 > 0:13:40- But in August 1910, - as the weather was unfavourable...
0:13:40 > 0:13:45- ..they decided to meet on this hill, - just outside Llan Ffestiniog.
0:13:46 > 0:13:52- It was here, with this - fine scenery as a backdrop...
0:13:52 > 0:13:58- ..that Ellis Evans, Yr Ysgwrn, - was renamed Hedd Wyn.
0:13:59 > 0:14:04- His bardic name would become one - of the most famous in Welsh poetry.
0:14:05 > 0:14:05- .
0:14:10 > 0:14:10- Subtitles
0:14:10 > 0:14:12- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:14:17 > 0:14:20- When fighting started - across Europe in 1914...
0:14:21 > 0:14:26- ..the people of Trawsfynydd - were already more aware than most...
0:14:26 > 0:14:29- ..of the war preparations - that had taken place.
0:14:30 > 0:14:35- Although Hedd Wyn - had grown up in rural Meirionnydd...
0:14:35 > 0:14:39- ..he was no stranger - to the sound of artillery.
0:14:41 > 0:14:44- Since the start - of the 20th century...
0:14:44 > 0:14:47- ..soldiers had been coming - to the area to train.
0:14:47 > 0:14:52- By 1914, the War Office - controlled over 8,000 acres here...
0:14:52 > 0:14:57- ..and a permanent camp - had been established at Rhiw Goch.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01- Trawsfynydd railway station - was extended...
0:15:01 > 0:15:05- ..to deal with growing numbers - of soldiers and weaponry.
0:15:05 > 0:15:09- It was from this station - that local army volunteers...
0:15:09 > 0:15:11- ..would depart for the battlefield.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16- Hedd Wyn chose not to join.
0:15:16 > 0:15:20- He wasn't a staunch pacifist, - but war was against his nature.
0:15:21 > 0:15:24- But seeing his contemporaries - leaving one by one...
0:15:25 > 0:15:26- ..he was inspired to write.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30- They weren't poems supporting war.
0:15:30 > 0:15:35- Their purpose, simply, was to let - his friends in the army know...
0:15:35 > 0:15:40- ..how much their families and - their community thought about them.
0:15:40 > 0:15:43- "Distance cannot - take away your memory
0:15:44 > 0:15:46- "Children of those dear hills
0:15:46 > 0:15:48- "Heart and heart remain together
0:15:49 > 0:15:52- "Even though you are far away."
0:15:54 > 0:15:59- As the losses increased, - Hedd Wyn was in growing demand...
0:15:59 > 0:16:04- ..to write englynion and verses - in memory of those killed.
0:16:04 > 0:16:08- This englyn is one - of the best-known examples.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11- It has been used - to commemorate numerous soldiers...
0:16:12 > 0:16:15- ..including, ultimately, - Hedd Wyn himself.
0:16:18 > 0:16:20- "His sacrifice was not in vain
0:16:21 > 0:16:24- "His dear face will remain
0:16:25 > 0:16:27- "Although he left a bloodstain
0:16:27 > 0:16:30- "On Germany's iron fist of pain."
0:16:35 > 0:16:40- But he wrote about more than the war - and its effects on the community.
0:16:41 > 0:16:46- He still wrote on a variety - of subjects at local eisteddfodau.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- By 1915, - he had five chairs to his name...
0:16:50 > 0:16:54- ..but his true ambition - was the National Eisteddfod Chair.
0:16:55 > 0:16:59- He entered the Chair competition - at the 1915 Bangor Eisteddfod...
0:17:00 > 0:17:03- ..but the adjudication - was sadly rather scathing.
0:17:03 > 0:17:07- In 1916, the National Eisteddfod - was in Aberystwyth.
0:17:07 > 0:17:11- This time, Hedd Wyn - came second for the Chair.
0:17:12 > 0:17:16- The following year, - the Eisteddfod was in Birkenhead.
0:17:16 > 0:17:22- Could Hedd Wyn go one better - and come out on top this time?
0:17:22 > 0:17:24- He started to write his ode.
0:17:27 > 0:17:29- The competition requirement...
0:17:29 > 0:17:33- ..was a poem of no more than - 500 lines on the theme The Hero.
0:17:33 > 0:17:36- But before Hedd Wyn - could finish his poem...
0:17:36 > 0:17:39- ..he was conscripted into the army.
0:17:41 > 0:17:45- In early 1916, - the Military Service Act was passed.
0:17:46 > 0:17:48- Every man - between the ages of 18 and 41...
0:17:48 > 0:17:52- ..had to offer themselves up - for military service.
0:17:52 > 0:17:56- But according to his girlfriend - at the time, Jini Owen...
0:17:56 > 0:17:59- ..Hedd Wyn - wasn't a natural soldier.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03- We were together for three years.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08- It was a crying shame - that he had to join the army at all.
0:18:10 > 0:18:12- He wasn't a man for the army.
0:18:13 > 0:18:15- He had too gentle a nature.
0:18:15 > 0:18:19- It was possible to be exempted - from military service...
0:18:19 > 0:18:23- ..if you worked - in certain reserved occupations.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26- Helping to run a farm, - as in Hedd Wyn's case...
0:18:27 > 0:18:29- ..could fall into that category.
0:18:29 > 0:18:33- But you could only be exempted - for a few months at a time...
0:18:33 > 0:18:38- ..before having to appeal once more - to the military tribunal...
0:18:38 > 0:18:41- ..and starting - the whole process again.
0:18:41 > 0:18:43- According to Enid, - Hedd Wyn's sister..
0:18:44 > 0:18:48- ..he got fed up with this process - and ultimately chose to enlist.
0:18:48 > 0:18:50- There was so much pressure.
0:18:50 > 0:18:55- My father went to one tribunal after - another trying to keep him at home.
0:18:55 > 0:18:56- But he had to go.
0:18:56 > 0:18:59- Bob, my brother, - was getting to that age too.
0:18:59 > 0:19:02- Maybe Ellis thought...
0:19:02 > 0:19:06- ..that he was better suited - to the task...
0:19:06 > 0:19:09- ..given that Bob was so young.
0:19:11 > 0:19:16- Although the family could keep - one son back to help on the farm...
0:19:16 > 0:19:21- ..Hedd Wyn knew that the authorities - wouldn't let them both stay at home.
0:19:21 > 0:19:25- As his brother, Bob, - was about to turn eighteen...
0:19:25 > 0:19:30- ..Hedd Wyn made - a heroically selfless decision.
0:19:30 > 0:19:34- Despite his own socialist - and pacifist beliefs...
0:19:34 > 0:19:39- ..he joined the army in the hope - of saving his younger brother.
0:19:43 > 0:19:47- After passing his medical - in Wrexham...
0:19:47 > 0:19:50- ..early in 1917, - Hedd Wyn was sent...
0:19:50 > 0:19:53- ..to join - the Royal Welsh Fusiliers...
0:19:54 > 0:19:57- ..at their training camp - in Litherland, Liverpool.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- Conditions were basic, - but as this next englyn shows...
0:20:02 > 0:20:05- ..he settled in well - to his new life as a soldier.
0:20:06 > 0:20:09- "See a cluster of even huts
0:20:09 > 0:20:13- "And noisy, - boisterous, red-faced lads
0:20:13 > 0:20:16- "And seeing them, everyone will say
0:20:16 > 0:20:18- "'This is the home of the soldier'."
0:20:22 > 0:20:26- Every now and then, the soldiers - were allowed to leave the camp...
0:20:27 > 0:20:29- ..to enjoy some free time in town.
0:20:30 > 0:20:35- Here, at Bootle's York Hall, - Liverpool's Welsh community...
0:20:35 > 0:20:40- ..held evenings for Welsh soldiers - every fortnight during the winter.
0:20:40 > 0:20:44- A report of one such evening - appeared in the newspaper Y Brython.
0:20:44 > 0:20:49- The correspondent referred - to the soldiers' enjoyment...
0:20:49 > 0:20:52- ..of songs like Hwre I Gymru Fach - and Wil Goes Bren.
0:20:53 > 0:20:57- The man charged with expressing - the soldiers' gratitude...
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- ..on that particular evening - was Hedd Wyn.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04- He was clearly highly respected - by his fellow soldiers.
0:21:06 > 0:21:11- But although Hedd Wyn seemed to - enjoy the evenings at York Hall...
0:21:11 > 0:21:17- ..how was his epic poem for the - 1917 National Eisteddfod coming on?
0:21:17 > 0:21:21- This is a letter that he wrote - from the camp to a friend of his.
0:21:21 > 0:21:25- I haven't written a line - for The Hero since coming here...
0:21:25 > 0:21:27- ..but I might yet get a chance.
0:21:30 > 0:21:36- But Hedd Wyn did finish his poem - during the spring of 1917...
0:21:36 > 0:21:41- ..with the help of a friend at - Litherland, Jack Buckland Thomas...
0:21:41 > 0:21:44- ..who was - on the camp's administrative staff.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48- A request came - via battalion orders...
0:21:48 > 0:21:51- ..for names of ploughmen - to work on land in Wales.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55- Everyone knows - Hedd Wyn was a shepherd...
0:21:55 > 0:22:00- ..but I placed him at the top - of a list of ploughmen in D Company.
0:22:01 > 0:22:06- By 1917, so many men had been - enlisted into the armed forces...
0:22:06 > 0:22:11- ..that, come harvest or ploughing, - the agriculture industry struggled.
0:22:12 > 0:22:16- One answer was to temporarily - release men from the army.
0:22:16 > 0:22:18- Not only - did Jack Buckland Thomas...
0:22:19 > 0:22:23- ..get Hedd Wyn's name onto the list - of soldiers to be released...
0:22:23 > 0:22:28- ..he also saw that Yr Ysgwrn was one - of the farms down to get help.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31- Hedd Wyn was able to go home.
0:22:33 > 0:22:35- This was his chance - to finish his ode.
0:22:35 > 0:22:40- According to his father, during - the six weeks he was home...
0:22:40 > 0:22:43- ..Hedd Wyn managed to write - the second half of his poem.
0:22:44 > 0:22:48- Back in Litherland, all he had to do - was to polish and perfect his work.
0:22:53 > 0:22:58- He left Trawsfynydd - for the last time in June 1917.
0:22:58 > 0:23:03- His sister, Enid, - was ten years old at the time.
0:23:04 > 0:23:09- Three quarters of a century later, - she still remembered the day.
0:23:09 > 0:23:13- I remember he had been home - on his final leave.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17- He was off that morning, - and he stood there shouting.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19- "I'm going now."
0:23:20 > 0:23:25- Through the banister, I could - see him standing in the entry...
0:23:25 > 0:23:27- ..from the waist down...
0:23:28 > 0:23:30- ..and he strolled out...
0:23:30 > 0:23:34- ..as if he hadn't - a care in the world.
0:23:34 > 0:23:38- But Mam, obviously, - was very worried.
0:23:39 > 0:23:39- .
0:23:44 > 0:23:44- Subtitles
0:23:44 > 0:23:46- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:23:57 > 0:24:03- By 9 June 1917, Hedd Wyn and his - battalion had crossed to France.
0:24:04 > 0:24:08- He was at the Fifth Infantry - Base Depot in Rouen.
0:24:09 > 0:24:12- Well, I've never seen - so many soldiers in my life...
0:24:13 > 0:24:15- ..or a prettier country...
0:24:15 > 0:24:17- ..despite the curse that befell it.
0:24:18 > 0:24:22- The trees here are as beautiful - as the dreams of old kings...
0:24:22 > 0:24:26- ..transformed into - quiet and peaceful leaves.
0:24:27 > 0:24:29- After all, - it is man who creates strife.
0:24:41 > 0:24:45- As that letter shows, - Hedd Wyn couldn't stop himself...
0:24:45 > 0:24:49- ..seeking new poetic possibilities - in everything new that he saw.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53- His battalion - had been sent here, to Flechin...
0:24:53 > 0:24:56- ..to train for the upcoming battle.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59- It was at the camp, - not far from here...
0:24:59 > 0:25:03- ..that he finally finished - his epic poem to The Hero.
0:25:04 > 0:25:08- He posted it to the Eisteddfod - in Birkenhead from here...
0:25:08 > 0:25:10- ..on 13 July 1917.
0:25:18 > 0:25:22- As Hedd Wyn and his battalion - edged closer to the front line...
0:25:22 > 0:25:26- ..the filthy trenches - became part of daily life...
0:25:26 > 0:25:31- ..as attested to by fellow soldier - Simon Jones from Llanuwchllyn.
0:25:31 > 0:25:35- I remember thinking - that I had the measles.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39- In a field near the village...
0:25:39 > 0:25:43- ..I saw about 80 naked soldiers.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46- I looked to see - what they were doing.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50- As it turned out, - they were catching lice.
0:25:52 > 0:25:53- I joined them.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57- I caught 82 in a sheet of newspaper.
0:25:58 > 0:25:59- That was my measles!
0:26:02 > 0:26:05- Lice were almost a bigger pain - than the Germans.
0:26:06 > 0:26:12- When you warmed up to get to sleep, - they started to march upon you.
0:26:16 > 0:26:18- On 23 July, Hedd Wyn's battalion...
0:26:18 > 0:26:22- ..reached the front line - for the first time...
0:26:22 > 0:26:24- ..not far from here, near Ypres.
0:26:24 > 0:26:29- The British trenches at the time - ran parallel with this canal.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31- It's a lovely place today...
0:26:31 > 0:26:36- ..but in 1917, this canal would have - been full of rubble and rubbish...
0:26:36 > 0:26:40- ..and rats feasting - on the corpses of soldiers.
0:26:45 > 0:26:49- At 6.00pm, the battalion - paraded in fighting kit...
0:26:50 > 0:26:54- ..to march to where the trenches - for the offensive were to be dug.
0:26:54 > 0:26:57- Gas shells were sent over - by the enemy during the night.
0:27:03 > 0:27:07- No letter from Hedd Wyn - from this period has survived.
0:27:07 > 0:27:12- But after a week of coming and going - from the front line near Ypres...
0:27:12 > 0:27:17- ..the Welsh Fusiliers and the rest - of the British Army were ready...
0:27:17 > 0:27:20- ..for the big push - against the Germans.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30- Zero was timed for 3.50am, - 31 July 1917.
0:27:31 > 0:27:33- Once having got clear - of canal bank...
0:27:34 > 0:27:38- ..it was fairly easy going - for the battalion as far as Pilkem.
0:27:39 > 0:27:43- When Hedd Wyn's battalion - advanced that morning...
0:27:43 > 0:27:45- ..the weather was favourable.
0:27:45 > 0:27:51- But later heavy rain - made it hard to move the big guns...
0:27:52 > 0:27:53- ..to support the attack.
0:27:54 > 0:27:57- More and more - were wounded and killed.
0:27:57 > 0:28:01- Sometime during the morning, - Hedd Wyn was hit.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06- I'm sure that I saw him fall.
0:28:08 > 0:28:12- He got a shell's nose cap - in his bowels.
0:28:13 > 0:28:14- That was the end of him.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17- A lot of men fell, you see.
0:28:17 > 0:28:21- More fell than moved forward, - in a manner of speaking.
0:28:28 > 0:28:31- Thousands of men died that day...
0:28:31 > 0:28:35- ..as they tried to advance - from Ypres, over there, to here.
0:28:36 > 0:28:41- Hedd Wyn did get medical attention - after being wounded, apparently...
0:28:41 > 0:28:42- ..but it was too late.
0:28:43 > 0:28:45- He died a few hours later...
0:28:45 > 0:28:50- ..probably in the ruins of - a building that stood on this site.
0:28:53 > 0:28:56- A trilingual plaque - was placed to mark the spot...
0:28:56 > 0:28:59- ..three quarters of a century later.
0:29:01 > 0:29:03- Hedd Wyn's sister, Enid...
0:29:03 > 0:29:08- ..vividly remembered the day - that the bad news reached Yr Ysgwrn.
0:29:09 > 0:29:13- I was tying my shoelaces - when my father came into the house.
0:29:15 > 0:29:17- He didn't say straight away.
0:29:17 > 0:29:20- He was crying on the doorstep.
0:29:21 > 0:29:25- We realized - that something was wrong.
0:29:25 > 0:29:28- Out we went, frightened children.
0:29:28 > 0:29:31- Then we came back into the house.
0:29:32 > 0:29:36- My other sister was by the door, - and we asked her if it was true.
0:29:37 > 0:29:40- She said that it was, - that he had been lost.
0:29:52 > 0:29:55- As the sad news spread, - letters of condolence...
0:29:56 > 0:29:59- ..began to arrive - at Yr Ysgwrn by the dozen.
0:29:59 > 0:30:00- Here are a few examples.
0:30:01 > 0:30:06- "Dear family, with a heavy heart, - I hear of your gifted son.
0:30:07 > 0:30:11- "I never saw such a wave of grief - affecting this area."
0:30:13 > 0:30:18- "It is a great loss for Wales. - to lose such a talent as Hedd Wyn."
0:30:20 > 0:30:22- This was a regular theme - in these letters.
0:30:23 > 0:30:25- The talent that was lost...
0:30:25 > 0:30:29- ..and what he could have achieved - if only he had lived.
0:30:32 > 0:30:37- But there was one remaining scene - in Hedd Wyn's dramatic life.
0:30:38 > 0:30:43- In 1917, the National Eisteddfod - was held in Birkenhead.
0:30:43 > 0:30:49- This was a time when the Eisteddfod - often visited expat communities...
0:30:49 > 0:30:52- ..on the banks - of the Thames and the Mersey.
0:30:56 > 0:31:01- This was the sixth Eisteddfod - to be held in England in 40 years.
0:31:01 > 0:31:04- This stone was erected - to mark the occasion.
0:31:04 > 0:31:07- The Pavilion - for the stage competitions...
0:31:08 > 0:31:10- ..was in these fields - in front of me.
0:31:16 > 0:31:20- WD Williams - was at the Eisteddfod that year.
0:31:21 > 0:31:24- Sixty years later, - he remembered the day well.
0:31:24 > 0:31:26- It was a large canvas marquee.
0:31:27 > 0:31:32- The sides were opened up - for everyone to see and hear.
0:31:32 > 0:31:34- I stuffed in somehow...
0:31:34 > 0:31:38- ..to see two things, - the Chairing and Lloyd George.
0:31:38 > 0:31:41- Thursday was Lloyd George's day.
0:31:44 > 0:31:47- After Prime Minister - David Lloyd George's speech...
0:31:47 > 0:31:50- ..it was time - to move on to the Chairing.
0:31:50 > 0:31:53- T Gwynn Jones - delivered the adjudication.
0:31:53 > 0:31:58- After announcing that Fleur-De-Lis' - ode was worthy of the Chair...
0:31:58 > 0:32:01- ..no-one expected - what would happen next...
0:32:01 > 0:32:05- ..when the Archdruid Dyfed - came to the side of the stage.
0:32:10 > 0:32:13- In a quivering voice, - the Archdruid said...
0:32:13 > 0:32:17- .."I have very sad news to announce.
0:32:17 > 0:32:21- "The winner himself - has fallen in the War...
0:32:21 > 0:32:24- "..and lies in a foreign country.
0:32:24 > 0:32:27- "We will not chair - his representative.
0:32:27 > 0:32:33- "We will merely drape - a black cloak over the empty Chair."
0:32:37 > 0:32:41- It was seared in my memory - once and for all.
0:32:41 > 0:32:43- That's how the whole audience felt.
0:32:44 > 0:32:47- Dyfed recited his famous verses.
0:32:48 > 0:32:52- "The fanfare was sounded, - the sword it was waved
0:32:53 > 0:32:57- "But the Chair did stand empty - with the poet in his grave."
0:32:59 > 0:33:03- That's the saddest, - most solemn moment...
0:33:03 > 0:33:06- ..I witnessed - at any Eisteddfod or meeting.
0:33:22 > 0:33:26- Meirion has seldom seen - a wetter day...
0:33:27 > 0:33:31- ..than the day Hedd Wyn's - empty chair came to Trawsfynydd.
0:33:31 > 0:33:33- Rain fell heavily all day...
0:33:34 > 0:33:37- ..until rivers overflowed - and cornfields became lakes.
0:33:38 > 0:33:40- But despite the storm...
0:33:40 > 0:33:43- ..the village hall - was packed on Thursday night...
0:33:43 > 0:33:46- ..when the empty Chair was unveiled.
0:33:47 > 0:33:50- The tradition - of holding a meeting...
0:33:50 > 0:33:53- ..to greet winning poets - when they come home...
0:33:53 > 0:33:55- ...continues to this day.
0:33:55 > 0:33:59- It's a chance for anyone - not there on the big day...
0:33:59 > 0:34:01- ..to share in the joy.
0:34:01 > 0:34:05- It's also a chance to see - the Crown or Chair won by the poet.
0:34:05 > 0:34:10- Just think how different - the atmosphere would have been...
0:34:10 > 0:34:13- ..at the meeting - held here in September 1917...
0:34:14 > 0:34:16- ..had Hedd Wyn himself been present.
0:34:18 > 0:34:23- But mixed with local people's - pride in Hedd Wyn's success...
0:34:23 > 0:34:28- ..was the desperate sadness - of knowing that the poet...
0:34:28 > 0:34:33- ..was in his grave before - being able to claim his prize.
0:34:33 > 0:34:37- The Black Chair - was placed centre stage...
0:34:37 > 0:34:40- ..to bear witness to everything.
0:34:52 > 0:34:52- .
0:34:56 > 0:34:56- Subtitles
0:34:56 > 0:34:58- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:35:08 > 0:35:13- This is Artillery Wood - military cemetery near Boezinge...
0:35:13 > 0:35:15- ..where Hedd Wyn was buried.
0:35:17 > 0:35:20- If we look - at the cemetery's visitors' book...
0:35:21 > 0:35:25- ..we can see - that Welsh names feature regularly.
0:35:30 > 0:35:36- In 2014, the Welsh football team - came here after playing Belgium.
0:35:38 > 0:35:42- Gareth Bale had specifically asked - to see Hedd Wyn's grave...
0:35:42 > 0:35:45- ..after hearing the story - from his mother.
0:35:48 > 0:35:51- But the tradition - of visiting this cemetery...
0:35:51 > 0:35:53- ..goes back for decades.
0:35:58 > 0:36:02- In 1934, Hedd Wyn's brother, - Bob, came on a pilgrimage here...
0:36:02 > 0:36:04- ..with a large group from Wales.
0:36:04 > 0:36:10- A service was held at the cemetery - and Cynan addressed the crowd.
0:36:19 > 0:36:25- The thousands of Welshmen who died - near Ypres during the Great War...
0:36:25 > 0:36:27- ..are still remembered to this day.
0:36:29 > 0:36:31- Local businesses are keen...
0:36:32 > 0:36:35- ..to welcome Welsh visitors - who come to the memorial.
0:36:35 > 0:36:39- But there is specific interest - in Hedd Wyn.
0:36:39 > 0:36:42- A special path - follows his final journey.
0:36:43 > 0:36:45- Recently, a selection of his work...
0:36:45 > 0:36:49- ..was translated into English, - French and Flemish.
0:36:51 > 0:36:55- But a major factor behind the - growth in interest in Hedd Wyn...
0:36:55 > 0:37:00- ..was the film that brought his tale - to a new audience in the 1990s.
0:37:01 > 0:37:09- If the poet who bears the pseudonym - Fleur-de-Lis is present...
0:37:10 > 0:37:12- ..may he stand.
0:37:14 > 0:37:17- The film is studied - as part of the Welsh A level course.
0:37:18 > 0:37:20- It was shown internationally...
0:37:21 > 0:37:25- ..and was the first Welsh-language - film to be nominated for an Oscar.
0:37:31 > 0:37:34- If the film - raised Hedd Wyn's profile abroad...
0:37:34 > 0:37:39- ..it also rekindled the interest - in his home near Trawsfynydd.
0:37:40 > 0:37:45- By May, the National Park's project - to safeguard the farmhouse...
0:37:46 > 0:37:49- ..and transform the outbuildings - into a new visitor centre...
0:37:50 > 0:37:54- ..was almost ready - to welcome its first visitors.
0:37:56 > 0:38:02- The tradition of visiting Yr Ysgwrn - has now lasted a century.
0:38:02 > 0:38:06- How many of these pupils - on a visit during the 1970s...
0:38:07 > 0:38:11- ..have come back here with - their children or grandchildren?
0:38:11 > 0:38:17- The main attraction, - of course, is the Black Chair.
0:38:20 > 0:38:26- In 2013, it was scanned in 3D - in order to create a replica...
0:38:26 > 0:38:31- ..just in case something happened - to the original chair...
0:38:31 > 0:38:36- ..which has suffered some wear - and tear during the passing years.
0:38:36 > 0:38:39- I've tried to keep - every bit that fell off...
0:38:40 > 0:38:42- ..in this little box.
0:38:42 > 0:38:44- I've kept them all.
0:38:45 > 0:38:50- This is a piece - of the dragon's tail.
0:38:50 > 0:38:55- I didn't know it had come off - until the people came the other day.
0:38:55 > 0:38:58- I blame them for breaking it!
0:39:01 > 0:39:04- The expert - given the responsibility...
0:39:04 > 0:39:09- ..of restoring this national icon - to its past glory is Hugh Haley.
0:39:11 > 0:39:14- I went to meet him - at his workshop in St Clears...
0:39:14 > 0:39:17- ..to see how the work - is coming along.
0:39:17 > 0:39:18- How's it going? Are you on schedule?
0:39:18 > 0:39:20- How's it going? Are you on schedule?- - It's going well. I think we are.
0:39:21 > 0:39:23- I first asked Hugh's opinion...
0:39:23 > 0:39:29- ..about the standard - of the carving on the Black Chair?
0:39:29 > 0:39:31- It is extraordinary.
0:39:31 > 0:39:35- All eisteddfod chairs - tend to be heavily carved.
0:39:35 > 0:39:38- They're all pretty impressive...
0:39:38 > 0:39:41- ..but this one - is definitely a cut above.
0:39:41 > 0:39:44- The chair is carved from oak...
0:39:44 > 0:39:49- ..which makes the detailing - even more remarkable.
0:39:49 > 0:39:51- It was carved in about six months...
0:39:52 > 0:39:55- ..which means that more - than one hand was involved.
0:39:55 > 0:39:59- Here, you get the work of the - master, who really knew his stuff.
0:40:00 > 0:40:03- Perhaps his best carver - did the back.
0:40:03 > 0:40:05- There's the apprentice.
0:40:05 > 0:40:08- They're not quite - as confidently executed.
0:40:08 > 0:40:11- Carvers all over the country - have studied this.
0:40:12 > 0:40:15- Everyone is agreed - that it's bordering on impossible.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19- This is clearly the work - of Eugene Vanfleteren.
0:40:19 > 0:40:23- Vanfleteren was the chief carver - of the Black Chair.
0:40:23 > 0:40:25- He was a Belgian refugee...
0:40:25 > 0:40:29- ..one of 250,000 Belgians - who fled during the Great War...
0:40:29 > 0:40:32- ..as the Germans - subjugated their country.
0:40:34 > 0:40:39- He settled in Birkenhead, and the - chair is his greatest masterpiece.
0:40:40 > 0:40:43- The cruel irony - in Hedd Wyn's story...
0:40:43 > 0:40:45- ..is that his most famous chair...
0:40:45 > 0:40:49- ..was carved by a man - who had been forced to flee...
0:40:49 > 0:40:52- ..from the country - where he himself would die.
0:41:00 > 0:41:01- You must be excited.
0:41:01 > 0:41:05- I'm looking forward - to seeing the old furniture back.
0:41:05 > 0:41:09- A few weeks later, - I was back at Yr Ysgwrn...
0:41:10 > 0:41:16- ..to see the furniture that Hugh - worked on for a year coming back.
0:41:16 > 0:41:20- The return of the Black Chair - was a story in itself...
0:41:20 > 0:41:24- ..and Gerald was called upon - to pose for a photo or two.
0:41:27 > 0:41:33- The work of setting up - the permanent exhibition had begun.
0:41:34 > 0:41:39- As well as Hedd Wyn's story, - it'll tell the story of Yr Ysgwrn...
0:41:40 > 0:41:45- ..and the wider effect of the Great - War on the community of Trawsfynydd.
0:41:50 > 0:41:54- These are the local men - who died during the Great War.
0:41:55 > 0:41:59- Every community in Wales - experienced similar losses.
0:42:00 > 0:42:05- Losing thousands of men in one day - is very difficult to comprehend.
0:42:05 > 0:42:07- But the story of Hedd Wyn...
0:42:08 > 0:42:13- ..does make it somewhat easier - to understand the wider tragedy.
0:42:14 > 0:42:18- But is there a danger - that Hedd Wyn's story...
0:42:18 > 0:42:21- ..affects our ability - to appreciate him as a poet?
0:42:22 > 0:42:26- In that respect, - there's an unexpected similarity...
0:42:26 > 0:42:30- ..between him and another - Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.
0:42:30 > 0:42:33- Poles apart - in language and lifestyle...
0:42:33 > 0:42:36- ..they do have - this much in common.
0:42:36 > 0:42:40- That their colourful - and ultimately tragic history...
0:42:41 > 0:42:44- ..can cast a shadow - over their work as poets.
0:42:53 > 0:42:56- How good a poet was Hedd Wyn?
0:42:57 > 0:43:01- The ode to The Hero - may have been his biggest success...
0:43:01 > 0:43:05- ..but was it his most lasting poem?
0:43:05 > 0:43:10- It's certainly one of the last great - odes in the Romantic tradition...
0:43:11 > 0:43:15- ..but that style would soon become - extremely old-fashioned.
0:43:16 > 0:43:20- But Hedd Wyn had already - begun to experiment...
0:43:20 > 0:43:25- ..with a sharper, more contemporary - style in his shorter poems.
0:43:25 > 0:43:27- One of those, Rhyfel...
0:43:27 > 0:43:31- ..is the most familiar - of his poems by today.
0:43:42 > 0:43:47- "Why must I live in this grim age
0:43:47 > 0:43:50- "When, to a far horizon, God
0:43:51 > 0:43:54- "Has ebbed away, and man, with rage
0:43:54 > 0:43:57- "Now wields the sceptre and the rod.
0:44:00 > 0:44:04- "Man raised his sword, - once God has gone
0:44:04 > 0:44:06- "To slay his brother - and the roar
0:44:07 > 0:44:10- "Of battlefields now casts upon
0:44:11 > 0:44:14- "Our homes the shadow of the war.
0:44:17 > 0:44:20- "The harps to which we sang are hung
0:44:20 > 0:44:24- "On willow boughs, and their refrain
0:44:24 > 0:44:27- "Drowned by the anguish of the young
0:44:28 > 0:44:31- "Whose blood is mingled - with the rain."
0:44:41 > 0:44:43- At the beginning of June...
0:44:44 > 0:44:48- ..the first school trip was welcomed - to Yr Ysgwrn in its new guise.
0:44:49 > 0:44:52- This is how they boiled a kettle.
0:44:52 > 0:44:55- No cookers, no electric sockets.
0:44:55 > 0:44:58- Do you see these hooks - on the ceiling?
0:44:58 > 0:45:01- They used to hang meat from those.
0:45:04 > 0:45:08- After they left, I was keen - to have another word with Gerald.
0:45:09 > 0:45:12- An important part - of Hedd Wyn's story...
0:45:12 > 0:45:15- ..is his family's readiness - to welcome visitors.
0:45:16 > 0:45:20- Gerald was raised by his - grandmother, Hedd Wyn's mother.
0:45:20 > 0:45:24- She taught him the importance - of always keeping the door open.
0:45:24 > 0:45:27- How did he feel - about the changes at Yr Ysgwrn...
0:45:28 > 0:45:32- ..as the old place embarked - on a new period in its history?
0:45:32 > 0:45:36- Things have changed - altogether here, in a way.
0:45:36 > 0:45:40- On the whole, - it's starting to get back to normal.
0:45:41 > 0:45:43- The wallpaper's new.
0:45:43 > 0:45:48- When I saw it on the roll - before it went up, I didn't like it.
0:45:48 > 0:45:54- But once it's up, - the whole place seems warmer.
0:45:55 > 0:46:00- A fire in the grate - is a welcoming sign.
0:46:00 > 0:46:05- If you come in and see a fire, - it brightens up the whole place.
0:46:07 > 0:46:13- When they took the furniture away, - they took the old place's heart.
0:46:13 > 0:46:15- When they started to come back...
0:46:16 > 0:46:21- ..every day I came here, - I warmed to the place a bit more.
0:46:21 > 0:46:26- But it'll take a year or two - for things to settle down...
0:46:26 > 0:46:29- ..and to get used to them again.
0:46:33 > 0:46:36- We remember Hedd Wyn - not only as a poet...
0:46:36 > 0:46:40- ..but also as a symbol - of Welsh losses in the Great War.
0:46:41 > 0:46:45- Ironically, as it was - a shell that killed him...
0:46:45 > 0:46:48- ..in one of his last letters home...
0:46:48 > 0:46:52- ..he talks of how the creative - instinct can overcome everything...
0:46:53 > 0:46:54- ..even a shell.
0:46:59 > 0:47:01- The prettiest thing - I have seen so far...
0:47:01 > 0:47:06- ..was an old shell case - being used to grow flowers.
0:47:06 > 0:47:10- Isn't that proof - that beauty is stronger than war?
0:47:10 > 0:47:13- That beauty can overcome anger?
0:47:14 > 0:47:18- But French flowers - will be sad flowers in the future...
0:47:18 > 0:47:22- ..and it'll be a melancholy wind - that gusts over its acres...
0:47:23 > 0:47:27- ..the hue of blood in one, - the sound of sorrow in the other.
0:47:36 > 0:47:41- Hedd Wyn's words there - combined sadness and optimism.
0:47:41 > 0:47:44- Maybe that's how - we should also remember him.
0:47:45 > 0:47:47- With sadness for the way he died...
0:47:47 > 0:47:51- ..along with millions - of his contemporaries...
0:47:51 > 0:47:54- ..but also with optimism...
0:47:54 > 0:47:59- ..because his poems, - and his home, are still alive.
0:48:27 > 0:48:29- S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.
0:48:29 > 0:48:29- .