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0:00:03 > 0:00:09- "Gloyn byw" is the traditional - word for butterfly in north Wales.
0:00:09 > 0:00:13- Recently, I held a poetry - workshop in a school in Bala.
0:00:14 > 0:00:17- To my surprise, this - wasn't what the children said.
0:00:18 > 0:00:20- What would you call this creature?
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- What would you call this creature?- - "Pili pala".
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- Interesting.
0:00:24 > 0:00:28- Today, we look at the amazing - flight of the "pili pala"...
0:00:28 > 0:00:33- ..from the valleys - of the South-East, all over Wales.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39- We say "wes" for yes.
0:00:40 > 0:00:42- "Ciaeth faech" is a small cat.
0:00:42 > 0:00:47- To me, the colliers whistling - sounded like the Hallelujah Chorus.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51- It was the strangest - thing I ever heard.
0:00:51 > 0:00:52- "Miglo".
0:00:52 > 0:00:55- "Miglo" is when you disappear.
0:01:01 > 0:01:03- In the last forty years...
0:01:04 > 0:01:07- ..the "pili pala", butterfly, - has flown far from its habitat.
0:01:08 > 0:01:13- The Linguistic Geography Of Wales, - published in 1973, notes...
0:01:13 > 0:01:17- "..Around the source of the Usk - and east of the Tawe...
0:01:17 > 0:01:21- "..there is a pocket of largely - residual responses in pili pala."
0:01:21 > 0:01:25- So "pili pala" was - mainly a Glamorgan word.
0:01:26 > 0:01:30- Why has a word from - the south-east spread across Wales?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34- The Conwy Valley - is in the centre of North Wales.
0:01:34 > 0:01:39- Forty years ago, there was - no sign of "pili pala" there.
0:01:39 > 0:01:40- What do you call this?
0:01:40 > 0:01:41- What do you call this?- - "Pili pala".
0:01:42 > 0:01:43- What about you?
0:01:43 > 0:01:45- What about you?- - "Pili pala".
0:01:45 > 0:01:46- "Pili pala".
0:01:47 > 0:01:48- "Pili pala".
0:01:48 > 0:01:49- What would you call it?
0:01:49 > 0:01:50- What would you call it?- - "Pili pala".
0:01:50 > 0:01:54- It was originally - a South-East Wales word.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59- Do you have any idea - why this happened?
0:01:59 > 0:02:01- Through the school, I think.
0:02:01 > 0:02:02- Through the school, I think.- - Really?
0:02:02 > 0:02:07- When I was a boy, there were many - children's TV programmes in Welsh.
0:02:08 > 0:02:09- Is it their influence?
0:02:09 > 0:02:10- Is it their influence?- - Possibly.
0:02:12 > 0:02:14- So did this change occur...
0:02:14 > 0:02:18- ..because of the influence - of television and school?
0:02:19 > 0:02:23- In search of an answer, I went - to Pili Pala Cafe near Pontypridd.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27- It was the perfect place - to meet actress Gillian Elisa...
0:02:27 > 0:02:32- ..a presenter on the TV series - Pili Pala between 1975 and 1983.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35- I'd better wear my glasses.
0:02:41 > 0:02:42- "Hello."
0:02:43 > 0:02:44- Oh, I look young!
0:02:46 > 0:02:48- The hamster moves quickly.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52- Look at his eyes.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56- They shine.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58- And his nose.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03- He wrinkles his nose - a lot, like this.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08- That's taken me back. - I was a lot slighter!
0:03:09 > 0:03:13- You come from Lampeter. - What would you say for butterfly?
0:03:13 > 0:03:15- "Iar fach yr haf".
0:03:15 > 0:03:21- Before the series, I didn't - know the name "pili pala" at all.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24- Where did the title come from?
0:03:24 > 0:03:29- I think it was something to do - with the producer, Dyfed Glyn Jones.
0:03:29 > 0:03:34- Maybe he chose it because it was - a minority word at the time.
0:03:34 > 0:03:38- Yes. You didn't upset people - in North or South Wales.
0:03:38 > 0:03:45- "Pili pala" sounds right. - You can hear the wings fluttering.
0:03:45 > 0:03:51- After that, I said "pili pala", - not "iar fach yr haf".
0:03:51 > 0:03:53- It caught on.
0:03:55 > 0:04:00- The word seems to have captured - a whole generation's imagination.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04- But was television the only factor? - What about education?
0:04:05 > 0:04:08- At the other end of Wales, - on Anglesey...
0:04:08 > 0:04:14- ..there's a place that has entranced - and educated children since 1985.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19- I went to meet Huw John Hughes, - one of the founders of Pili Palas.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22- How did you settle - on the name Pili Palas?
0:04:23 > 0:04:25- I was driving along the M6.
0:04:25 > 0:04:29- I was thinking about - a name for the place.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32- Suddenly, I had a brainwave.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- It was a word I wouldn't use myself.
0:04:35 > 0:04:36- Pili Palas!
0:04:36 > 0:04:41- There was a children's - TV programme of that name too.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45- I decided that would - be the name, Pili Palas...
0:04:45 > 0:04:47- ..a palace for the "pili pala".
0:04:48 > 0:04:50- So children got used to the name.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54- What about their parents - and grandparents?
0:04:54 > 0:04:58- Children came here - with their schools.
0:04:58 > 0:05:00- On weekends, they dragged...
0:05:00 > 0:05:05- ..Dad and Mam, Nain and Taid, - uncles and aunts here.
0:05:05 > 0:05:10- Often, people said, - especially the grandparents...
0:05:11 > 0:05:14- "..What is this silly - name you're using?
0:05:14 > 0:05:18- "We say 'gloyn byw' - or 'iar fach yr haf'.
0:05:18 > 0:05:20- "Where did you get this silly name?"
0:05:20 > 0:05:25- In effect, the children were - teaching Granny how to suck eggs.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- By now, I had several - strong reasons...
0:05:29 > 0:05:33- ..that explained why - "pili pala" spread around Wales.
0:05:33 > 0:05:38- But had the word spread - to every part of Wales...
0:05:38 > 0:05:42- ..and among the older - generation too?
0:05:43 > 0:05:45- I prepared a questionnaire...
0:05:45 > 0:05:49- ..to look for answers and sent it - to schools all over Wales.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51- Then I went to see the archive...
0:05:51 > 0:05:55- ..of the University Of Wales - Dictionary Of The Welsh Language...
0:05:56 > 0:06:00- ..to look at the historical - use of the word "pili pala".
0:06:08 > 0:06:09- Iolo Morganwg.
0:06:09 > 0:06:13- "Pilai palai, - the childish term for it."
0:06:16 > 0:06:19- "Pirli-parla", the Swansea Valley.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23- "Bili bala".
0:06:26 > 0:06:31- "What about the word 'pilipaleg' - as a term for psychology?
0:06:31 > 0:06:35- "I suggest this because the meaning - of psychology is as difficult...
0:06:36 > 0:06:40- "..for philosophers to catch, - as a butterfly, without a net."
0:06:40 > 0:06:43- Pentre Bach, in Ceredigion...
0:06:43 > 0:06:47- ..is another unexpected - home for "pili pala".
0:06:47 > 0:06:52- Why has a house in Ceredigion - been named "Gwesty Pili Pala"?
0:06:52 > 0:06:56- When we filmed - the series Pentre Bach...
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- ..we needed a character - for every house.
0:06:59 > 0:07:01- This one is Gwesty Pili Pala.
0:07:02 > 0:07:06- Pili Pala wasn't one of Mary - Vaughan Jones's characters.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08- No.
0:07:08 > 0:07:13- We had Pry Bach Tew, Pry Sidan - and Siani Flewog, but no Pili Pala.
0:07:13 > 0:07:18- I thought it was natural - to have another insect name.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21- Eighty books have been written.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26- Pili Pala is an integral - part of the series.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30- The hotel is depicted in the book.
0:07:30 > 0:07:35- You can see the colours - and the canopy above the door.
0:07:36 > 0:07:41- Am I correct in saying that you'd - say "iar fach yr haf" in this area?
0:07:42 > 0:07:46- Yes. As a child - and until fairly recently...
0:07:46 > 0:07:48- ..I'd say "iar fach yr haf".
0:07:49 > 0:07:51- The village is open to the public.
0:07:51 > 0:07:55- Hundreds of children come here.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57- They come from all over Wales.
0:07:57 > 0:08:02- Because we say "pili pala", - you hear the children say it.
0:08:02 > 0:08:06- The parents and grandparents - too tend to say "pili pala".
0:08:07 > 0:08:09- Let's have a look.
0:08:16 > 0:08:21- This is Sali, my great-niece, - with the actress Lowri Steffan.
0:08:21 > 0:08:27- I promised Sali she could have - her photo taken with Pili Pala.
0:08:27 > 0:08:29- She treasures the photo.
0:08:31 > 0:08:36- Next, I went to Cwmllynfell, an area - with another name for "pili pala"...
0:08:37 > 0:08:40- ..according to The Linguistic - Geography Of Wales...
0:08:40 > 0:08:42- .."plufyn bach yr haf".
0:08:43 > 0:08:48- I went to Ysgol Cwmllynfell - to collect the questionnaires...
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- ..and to see if the children - still used this old name.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54- What do you call this?
0:08:54 > 0:08:55- What do you call this?- - "Pili pala".
0:08:55 > 0:08:56- "Pili pala".
0:08:56 > 0:08:57- "Pili pala".- - "Pili pala".
0:08:57 > 0:08:58- "Pili pala".
0:08:58 > 0:08:59- "Pili pala".- - "Pili pala".
0:08:59 > 0:09:01- "Pili pala".
0:09:02 > 0:09:04- Everyone says "pili pala".
0:09:05 > 0:09:10- There is another name, "plufyn - bach yr haf", small summer feather.
0:09:11 > 0:09:17- Believe it or not, this was - the name used in this area.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20- Have you heard that name?
0:09:22 > 0:09:23- No?
0:09:23 > 0:09:27- Do you think - it's a good description?
0:09:27 > 0:09:32- If you drop a feather, - how does it move?
0:09:33 > 0:09:34- It goes everywhere.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36- It goes everywhere.- - Yes.
0:09:37 > 0:09:41- It's not unlike - a butterfly as it falls.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44- I had hoped that - one of you would say...
0:09:45 > 0:09:50- "..I say 'pili pala', but Granny - says 'plufyn bach yr haf'."
0:09:50 > 0:09:53- We'll have to look somewhere else.
0:09:53 > 0:09:56- I'll collect the questionnaires.
0:09:57 > 0:10:01- The children clearly weren't - familiar with "plufyn bach yr haf".
0:10:01 > 0:10:02- Goodbye.
0:10:02 > 0:10:03- Goodbye.- - Goodbye.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08- But when I called - at the local pub, Y Boblen...
0:10:08 > 0:10:11- ..I found the first - evidence for this name.
0:10:12 > 0:10:14- What did your grandmother say?
0:10:14 > 0:10:16- "Plufyn yr haf".
0:10:17 > 0:10:19- Where did she come from?
0:10:19 > 0:10:20- Ynysymeudwy.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25- Y Boblen is a hundred yards - from the village hall.
0:10:25 > 0:10:29- A group of older people - were getting ready to play bingo.
0:10:29 > 0:10:33- Maybe some of them would - still say "plufyn bach yr haf".
0:10:33 > 0:10:35- May I ask you a quick question?
0:10:36 > 0:10:39- What would you call this?
0:10:39 > 0:10:40- "Pili pala".
0:10:40 > 0:10:42- Right. What about you?
0:10:42 > 0:10:44- "Pili pala".
0:10:44 > 0:10:49- Butterfly. But if you asked me for - the Welsh name, "iar fach yr haf".
0:10:49 > 0:10:52- Have you heard "plufyn yr haf"?
0:10:52 > 0:10:53- Yes.
0:10:53 > 0:10:59- But "iar fach yr haf" - comes before "plufyn yr haf".
0:10:59 > 0:11:01- Or even butterfly.
0:11:01 > 0:11:02- Are you all from this area?
0:11:02 > 0:11:04- Are you all from this area?- - Yes.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07- What about the name "plufyn yr haf"?
0:11:08 > 0:11:11- She remembers the word.
0:11:11 > 0:11:15- I don't know if I'd use it, - but I remember it.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17- You don't remember where.
0:11:17 > 0:11:19- You don't remember where.- - No. I'm too old to remember!
0:11:19 > 0:11:25- I was starting to think my trip - to Cwmllynfell would be fruitless.
0:11:25 > 0:11:27- But after the bingo began...
0:11:27 > 0:11:31- I'd say "pili pala", - like people my age round here.
0:11:31 > 0:11:32- I'd say "pluen yr haf".
0:11:32 > 0:11:33- I'd say "pluen yr haf".- - Really?
0:11:33 > 0:11:34- Where do you come from?
0:11:34 > 0:11:35- Where do you come from?- - Garnant.
0:11:36 > 0:11:37- Did everyone use that name?
0:11:37 > 0:11:39- Did everyone use that name?- - Yes, I think so.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41- Yes, we did.
0:11:41 > 0:11:47- The word is only used - in a small area.
0:11:48 > 0:11:52- Did you know - it was said in Garnant?
0:11:52 > 0:11:53- I knew it was round this area.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55- I knew it was round this area.- - It's used in Garnant, anyway.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58- I heard my grandfather - say it, when I was a boy.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00- He said "pluen yr haf".
0:12:01 > 0:12:03- I was looking in the wrong place.
0:12:03 > 0:12:04- I was looking in the wrong place.- - Go down to Garnant.
0:12:04 > 0:12:05- You're glad you came today.
0:12:05 > 0:12:07- You're glad you came today.- - I'm promoting Garnant!
0:12:09 > 0:12:11- It was a pleasure to find...
0:12:11 > 0:12:15- ..that "pluen bach yr haf" - was still used as a name.
0:12:16 > 0:12:19- But what will happen - as "pili pala" continues to spread?
0:12:20 > 0:12:25- As I wait for the questionnaires, I - try to find out more about "reu"...
0:12:26 > 0:12:30- ..another word that has - spread far from its origins.
0:12:30 > 0:12:30- .
0:12:35 > 0:12:35- Subtitles
0:12:35 > 0:12:37- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:12:38 > 0:12:40- Today, I'm trying to find out...
0:12:40 > 0:12:44- ..how the word "pili pala" - has spread from Glamorgan...
0:12:45 > 0:12:46- ..throughout Wales.
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- I sent questionnaires - all over Wales...
0:12:50 > 0:12:54- ..and was waiting for responses - in order to analyze them.
0:12:54 > 0:12:58- Meanwhile, I wanted to follow up - another small word...
0:12:58 > 0:13:03- ..that has travelled far - from its home in Dyffryn Nantlle.
0:13:04 > 0:13:09- The word "reu" first came - to notice over twenty years ago.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- I went to Pen-y-groes - to meet actor Dyfrig Evans...
0:13:14 > 0:13:16- ..who grew up in Dyffryn Nantlle.
0:13:16 > 0:13:22- "Reu" is the most positive - word in the Welsh language now.
0:13:22 > 0:13:28- It can mean that - something is cool or good.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- Or, as this blog says...
0:13:32 > 0:13:34- ..it can be an amusing greeting.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39- You'd never say, "Ugh, - that's 'reu'," to mean horrible.
0:13:39 > 0:13:43- A German company had - a factory in Blaenau Ffestiniog.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47- Rehau made plastic - doors and windows.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49- As the blog says...
0:13:50 > 0:13:56- ..a character from Llanllyfni - read the sign on a lorry one day.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58- As the lorry went by.
0:13:58 > 0:13:59- As the lorry went by.- - Yes.
0:13:59 > 0:14:05- He was a bit confused and didn't - read the sign properly. He said...
0:14:05 > 0:14:07- "..Reu-Haaau."
0:14:08 > 0:14:12- In time, it was shortened to "reu".
0:14:12 > 0:14:17- By the early 1990s, everyone said - "reu" about every damn thing.
0:14:17 > 0:14:19- "Reu" when you walked in a room.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23- "Reu" when you had a pint - or beat someone up.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27- "Reu" after pulling a girl - or scoring drugs.
0:14:27 > 0:14:31- In the late 1990s, you heard - "reu" daily in Dyffryn Nantlle.
0:14:31 > 0:14:36- Then, middle-class lads - from Llandwrog started to say "reu".
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- They went to Ysgol - Syr Hugh, Caernarfon.
0:14:41 > 0:14:44- Only kids brought up on Syr Wynff - and Plwmsan would say...
0:14:44 > 0:14:46- .."Ribldi Reu" and "Reu dy Reu"!
0:14:46 > 0:14:50- If they said that - in any pub in Pen-y-groes...
0:14:50 > 0:14:54- ..they'd be eating - hospital food for a year.
0:14:54 > 0:14:59- People round here are quite - proud that they created "reu".
0:15:01 > 0:15:06- "Reu" started to spread from Dyffryn - Nantlle, mainly in the rock scene.
0:15:07 > 0:15:11- One of the first singers - to adopt the word "reu"...
0:15:11 > 0:15:14- ..was Gareth Potter - and his band Ty Gwydr.
0:15:14 > 0:15:18- I went to Cardiff to ask - Gareth about the word's appeal.
0:15:19 > 0:15:19- Hi, Ifor.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21- Hi, Ifor.- - Gareth, how are you?
0:15:24 > 0:15:27- Where did you first - come across the word?
0:15:27 > 0:15:32- We knew bands like Llwybr - Llaethog and Ffa Coffi Pawb.
0:15:33 > 0:15:37- We decided to do - a track called "Reu".
0:15:37 > 0:15:41- It had a good energy, like street - words like "yo" in America.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43- It had something.
0:15:43 > 0:15:47- It wasn't just a track. - You organized events too.
0:15:48 > 0:15:52- We organized evenings - called "Reu" in Clwb Ifor Bach.
0:15:53 > 0:15:54- What did people in Cardiff say?
0:15:54 > 0:15:55- What did people in Cardiff say?- - "Reu".
0:15:56 > 0:16:00- People who didn't - speak Welsh said R-E-U.
0:16:01 > 0:16:03- Real Electronic Underground.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06- They said, "I know - what it stands for."
0:16:07 > 0:16:11- Back at the University - Dictionary's office...
0:16:11 > 0:16:15- ..editor Andrew Hawke - is aware of the word "reu".
0:16:15 > 0:16:19- But its source date - has to be precise...
0:16:19 > 0:16:22- ..before it can go - in the dictionary.
0:16:22 > 0:16:24- We have two examples.
0:16:24 > 0:16:28- "Reu is a drug that can be smoked."
0:16:28 > 0:16:32- So is this a record - of spoken evidence?
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- I presume people heard the word.
0:16:34 > 0:16:38- This is an example from 1991...
0:16:39 > 0:16:41- ..in Golwg, by Twm Morys.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44- "Trying to chat in Breton...
0:16:44 > 0:16:49- "..is like offering - a 'reusan' stump to a vicar."
0:16:49 > 0:16:53- Is that the earliest - record of "reu"?
0:16:53 > 0:16:58- In print. But one has to ask, - did "reusan" or "reu" come first?
0:16:59 > 0:17:01- I suppose it would be "reu".
0:17:01 > 0:17:05- We need earlier evidence - of "reu", if possible.
0:17:05 > 0:17:09- I would probably find - evidence in Dyffryn Nantlle.
0:17:09 > 0:17:13- So I returned to Pen-y-groes - to meet four lads...
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- ..who really have embraced "reu"...
0:17:16 > 0:17:18- ..with tattoos.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21- Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man is famous.
0:17:21 > 0:17:25- I wanted to create a new version, - the "VitREUvian" Man.
0:17:26 > 0:17:31- We'd drunk too much on holiday. Four - of us said, "Let's get a tattoo."
0:17:31 > 0:17:35- There happened to be - a tattoo place across the road.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38- We thought it was a good idea. - Obviously it wasn't.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42- A lot of us worked - in a factory in Pen-y-groes.
0:17:42 > 0:17:48- The lads said "r" when - they started work in the morning.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50- It changed from "reu" to "r".
0:17:52 > 0:17:56- At the end of a text, - you'd put two "x"s for a girl.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58- For lads, you'd put two "r"s.
0:17:59 > 0:18:04- It's odd, hearing it - in other places.
0:18:04 > 0:18:05- People get used to saying it.
0:18:05 > 0:18:06- People get used to saying it.- - It caught on.
0:18:07 > 0:18:12- It's just one letter, - but everyone understands.
0:18:17 > 0:18:19- # The land of the white Rasta #
0:18:19 > 0:18:23- This song by Sobin A'r Smaeliaid - was published in 1990.
0:18:24 > 0:18:27- It includes the words - "Tyrd a reu imi."
0:18:27 > 0:18:30- I emailed this evidence - to Andrew Hawke.
0:18:30 > 0:18:35- On this basis, he wrote - an article about the word "reu"...
0:18:35 > 0:18:37- ..for the Dictionary's next edition.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40- # Bring me some "reu" #
0:18:41 > 0:18:46- It was high time for me to leave - "reu" and return to "pili pala".
0:18:46 > 0:18:48- Amid the returned questionnaires...
0:18:49 > 0:18:54- ..I found a name for butterfly that - wasn't in the Linguistic Geography.
0:18:54 > 0:18:56- "Jigod yr haf".
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- I headed for Penrhyndeudraeth - to find out more.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03- "Gloyn byw" or "iar fach yr haf"...
0:19:03 > 0:19:07- ..were the names I heard - in school and in the village.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10- But Mam said "jigod yr haf".
0:19:10 > 0:19:12- Where was that?
0:19:12 > 0:19:14- Glandwr, Morfa Nefyn.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17- We kept chickens.
0:19:17 > 0:19:22- When she fed them, - she said "Jigod, jigod, jigod".
0:19:22 > 0:19:26- It sounds to me - as if it began like that.
0:19:26 > 0:19:31- The name "iar fach yr haf", small - summer hen, followed the pattern.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33- But where did "jigod" come from?
0:19:33 > 0:19:38- I have no idea where it came from. - I haven't heard anyone else say it.
0:19:38 > 0:19:41- Other children didn't use the word.
0:19:41 > 0:19:42- No.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44- "Jigod yr haf". Well!
0:19:45 > 0:19:46- Thank you.
0:19:46 > 0:19:47- Thank you.- - You're welcome.
0:19:47 > 0:19:52- The word "pili pala" has been used - by several companies in Wales...
0:19:53 > 0:19:57- ..and further afield, - like this company in Colombia.
0:19:57 > 0:20:01- Part of the word's appeal - is the element of repetition.
0:20:01 > 0:20:05- Several other languages...
0:20:05 > 0:20:09- ..have repetition - in their name for butterfly...
0:20:10 > 0:20:14- ..like the languages of the Maoris, - in Indonesia and Wolof in Africa.
0:20:15 > 0:20:19- Is there something about - the small creature's movements...
0:20:19 > 0:20:22- ..that suggest names like this?
0:20:22 > 0:20:27- Is it the repetitive sound that has - appealed to the people of Wales?
0:20:28 > 0:20:32- I went to Cardiff to pick up - the last questionnaires.
0:20:32 > 0:20:37- If one of these came here, - what would you call it?
0:20:37 > 0:20:39- "Pili pala".
0:20:39 > 0:20:45- What has happened to make everyone - say "pili pala"? What do you think?
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- Maybe someone comes - from another area...
0:20:49 > 0:20:53- ..and moves to an area - where people say "pili pala".
0:20:53 > 0:20:57- Maybe the schools - teach them "pili pala".
0:20:57 > 0:20:59- What do you think?
0:20:59 > 0:21:03- Maybe it's like Chinese - Whispers going everywhere.
0:21:03 > 0:21:04- Do you know of Chinese Whispers?
0:21:04 > 0:21:05- Do you know of Chinese Whispers?- - Yes.
0:21:06 > 0:21:10- In a room, you tell - each other things.
0:21:10 > 0:21:13- What else spreads information...
0:21:13 > 0:21:17- ..and sends ideas - around the country?
0:21:17 > 0:21:19- What do you think?
0:21:20 > 0:21:22- Maybe TV makes a difference.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26- People on television - say different things.
0:21:27 > 0:21:29- You're quite right.
0:21:29 > 0:21:32- After collecting comments - and questionnaires...
0:21:33 > 0:21:36- ..it was time to collate - all the information.
0:21:36 > 0:21:41- After listing and counting - the names for butterfly...
0:21:41 > 0:21:45- ..I sent them to be analyzed - by the dialectologist Iwan Rees.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49- I met Iwan to discuss his findings.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52- He had focused on three schools.
0:21:52 > 0:21:53- Ysgol Y Gader, Dolgellau.
0:21:53 > 0:21:55- Ysgol Y Gader, Dolgellau.- - The "gloyn byw" area.
0:21:55 > 0:21:56- In North Wales.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- Ysgol Y Dderwen, Carmarthen.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01- Ysgol Y Dderwen, Carmarthen.- - The "iar fach yr haf" area.
0:22:01 > 0:22:04- And Ysgol Pwll Coch, Cardiff.
0:22:04 > 0:22:05- And Ysgol Pwll Coch, Cardiff.- - The "pili pala" area.
0:22:05 > 0:22:11- I didn't expect the results to be - so striking, with the same trends.
0:22:12 > 0:22:16- The different generations - are surprisingly uniform.
0:22:16 > 0:22:21- Pupils, parents - and grandparents. It's amazing.
0:22:21 > 0:22:25- The important thing with a graph - like this is that we see trends.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28- They're clear and revealing.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31- These results show...
0:22:32 > 0:22:37- ..the way a word with a very limited - geographical distribution...
0:22:37 > 0:22:39- ..can spread.
0:22:39 > 0:22:44- It's easy to say, - if Pili Pala hadn't been on TV...
0:22:44 > 0:22:47- ..people wouldn't say "pili pala" - in the west or north.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51- But maybe they'd say butterfly, - rather than a Welsh name.
0:22:52 > 0:22:55- It's better to have - one Welsh word than none.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57- It's important to remember that.
0:22:57 > 0:23:02- There's a theory, when a butterfly - beats its wings in Brazil...
0:23:02 > 0:23:04- ..it causes a storm in Texas.
0:23:04 > 0:23:08- Certainly, the flight - of "pili pala" from Glamorgan...
0:23:08 > 0:23:13- ..throughout Wales, has created - a change in the Welsh language.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17- That's not a bad thing, because - every healthy language evolves.
0:23:18 > 0:23:22- Next week, I ask if being taught - dialect helps Welsh learners...
0:23:23 > 0:23:25- ..or confuses them.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41- S4C Subtitles by Gwead
0:23:42 > 0:23:42- .